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clear:right; border: 2px solid silver; margin: 0 0 .5em .5em; width: 200px;"> <div style="background-color: #e7ece6; font-size: 15px; text-align: center; padding: .3em;"><b>Canada</b> <b></b></div> <center><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Canada.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/250px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="98" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/330px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/500px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></center> <table style="width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #e8e7f2;"><b>Demographics</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by population" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by population">Population</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>41,012,563 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by GDP (nominal)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by GDP (nominal)">GDP (million)</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>2,242,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">GDP p/cap.</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>54,866 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by life expectancy" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>82.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:List of countries by Human Development Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: List of countries by Human Development Index">Development Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>0.935 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #e8e7f2;"><b>Government</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:Democracy Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Democracy Index">Democracy Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>8.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:Corruption Perceptions Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>76 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #e8e7f2;"><b>More</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Index" class="extiw" title="wp:Education Index" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Education Index">Education Index</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>0.894 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" class="extiw" title="wp:Importance of religion by country" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Importance of religion by country">Religiosity</span></a>:<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </td> <td>42 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Canada could have enjoyed:<br /> English government,<br />  French culture,<br />   and American know-how.<p>Instead it ended up with:<br /> English know-how,<br />  French government,<br />   and American culture.</p><div></div> </div></td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Colombo" class="extiw" title="wp:John Robert Colombo" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: John Robert Colombo">John Robert Colombo</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>The Canadians are a people of the extreme <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centre</a>. They have not been averse to the quiet life...nor keen to spend more money on defence or effort abroad.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>'s diplomatic team<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Canada</b>, also known as the <b>Great White North</b>, <b>Soviet Canuckistan</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[note 1]</a></sup> <b>America's Hat</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> and <b>America Junior</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> is the second largest <a href="/wiki/Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Country">country</a> in the world by total area (after <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 2]</a></sup> and fourth by land area.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[note 3]</a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Crowned_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowned republic">crowned republic</a> located directly north of the contiguous <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and it also has a small land border with <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> on a tiny island due to a territorial dispute that was settled in 2022. </p><p>Americans and Canadians generally have no grudges against each other. But minor disputes do come up from time to time, as is expected in any relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[note 4]</a></sup> Indeed, the two remain close allies and major trading partners for most of their respective histories as nation states and share the world's longest undefended border. As of 2020, the two countries have a similar rank on the human development index, with Canada taking the 16<sup>th</sup> spot and the United States in the 17<sup>th</sup> spot.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[5]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> ranks Canada as more <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> than the US.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[6]</a></sup> While Canada is officially on the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a>, you will still find the Imperial System being used haphazardly. </p><p>Canada is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. Its capital isn't Toronto,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[note 5]</a></sup> it's Ottawa, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>. Its current monarch is King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. He is officially referred to as the King of Canada if he is on Canadian soil, making his family the Canadian royal family. Canadians tend to forget about the royals, until a foreigner asks them who <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">that woman</a> on their colourful <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a> is<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[note 6]</a></sup> or until the royal family's expenses have to be covered by taxpayers; in the latter case, Canadians have a less than positive attitude towards the Windsors. </p><p>The current Prime Minister of Canada is Mark Carney. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Language.2FLangue"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Language/Langue</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Health_care.2FAssurance-maladie"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Health care/Assurance-maladie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Flag.2FDrapeau"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Flag/Drapeau</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Gay_marriage.2FMariage_homosexuel"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gay marriage/Mariage homosexuel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Abortion.2FAvortement"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Abortion/Avortement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Firearms.2FArmes_.C3.A0_feu"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Firearms/Armes à feu</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Multiculturalism.2FMulticulturalisme"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Multiculturalism/Multiculturalisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Indigenous_affairs.2FAffaires_autochtones"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Indigenous affairs/Affaires autochtones</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Illegal_immigration.2FImmigration_ill.C3.A9gale"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Illegal immigration/Immigration illégale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Sports.2FSports"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Sports/Sports</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Ice_hockey.2FHockey_sur_glace"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ice hockey/Hockey sur glace</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Baseball.2FLe_baseball"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Baseball/Le baseball</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Basketball.2FLe_basketball"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Basketball/Le basketball</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Football_.28soccer.29.2FLe_football_.28soccer.29"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Football (soccer)/Le football (soccer)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Football_.28The_REAL..._or_in_this_case_not.2C_football.29.2FFootball_.28Le_VRAI_football_selon_les_am.C3.A9ricains..._ou.2C_enfin_presque.29"><span class="tocnumber">10.5</span> <span class="toctext">Football (The REAL... or in this case not, football)/Football (Le VRAI football selon les américains... ou, enfin presque)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Beer.2FBi.C3.A8re"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Beer/Bière</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Food.2FNourriture"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Food/Nourriture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Cannabis.2FCannabis"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Cannabis/Cannabis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#The_city_that_fun_forgot.2FLa_ville_que_le_plaisir_a_oubli.C3.A9"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">The city that fun forgot/La ville que le plaisir a oublié</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#How_Canada_got_its_name.2FComment_le_Canada_s.27est_fait_nommer"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">How Canada got its name/Comment le Canada s'est fait nommer</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#U.N._Peacekeeping.2FCasques_bleus"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">U.N. Peacekeeping/Casques bleus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Science.2FScience"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">Science/Science</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Science_fiction.2FScience-fiction"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">Science fiction/Science-fiction</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Quebec_sovereignty.2FSouverainisme_qu.C3.A9b.C3.A9cois"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">Quebec sovereignty/Souverainisme québécois</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police.2FGendarmerie_royale_du_Canada"><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext">Royal Canadian Mounted Police/Gendarmerie royale du Canada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Children.27s_television.2FT.C3.A9l.C3.A9vision_pour_enfants"><span class="tocnumber">21</span> <span class="toctext">Children's television/Télévision pour enfants</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Famous_Canadian.2FCanadiens_c.C3.A9l.C3.A8bres"><span class="tocnumber">22</span> <span class="toctext">Famous Canadian/Canadiens célèbres</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#See_also.2FVoir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">23</span> <span class="toctext">See also/Voir aussi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Sexy_Canadian_videos_.28SFW.29.2FLes_vid.C3.A9os_canadiennes_sexy_.28s.C3.BBr_pour_le_travail.29"><span class="tocnumber">24</span> <span class="toctext">Sexy Canadian videos (SFW)/Les vidéos canadiennes sexy (sûr pour le travail)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Notes.2FNotes"><span class="tocnumber">25</span> <span class="toctext">Notes/Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#References.2FR.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">26</span> <span class="toctext">References/Références</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Language/Langue"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Language.2FLangue">Language/Langue</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Language/Langue">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_02.jpg/250px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_02.jpg/500px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3375" data-file-height="2196" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Château Frontenac in Quebec City.</div></div></div> <p>Canada has two official languages: Canadian English and/or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fun:French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fun:French (page does not exist)">Canadian French</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec">Quebecois</a>), a dialect of French that native speakers of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> French find quaint and rather amusing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[note 7]</a></sup> French Canadian has its own category of swear words based on religious trappings, e.g. "Tabarnac!" (from tabernacle). Canadian spelling uses lots of extra U's and E's for no reason, but uses the letter Z about as much as <a href="/wiki/Fun:American_English" title="Fun:American English">American English</a> (i.e. -ize instead of -ise), and uses sensible American automotive terms (e.g., trunk rather than boot). There is still a veiled rivalry between the English and French parts of the country, exemplified in each of their respective expressions for fleeing cowardly, "To go the French way" and "Filer à l'anglaise" (translated as "To run away like the English"). While Canadian people religiously place the letter U in words such as "colour" and "favourite", most other spelling rules are frequently ignored. For example, "centre" is often spelled "center", "licence" is often spelled "license", "cheque" is often spelled "check" ("bank" is never spelled "banque"), "encyclopaedia" is often spelled "encyclopedia", "realise" is often spelled "realize", "aluminium" is often spelled "aluminum", and there is a store called Canadian Tire, while there is no such store as Canadian Tyre. </p><p>Most Canadians (like every English speaker outside of the USA) pronounce the last letter of the alphabet, "zee", as "zed."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[7]</a></sup> However, they do not pronounce "bee" as "bed", despite its origin from the Greek letter "beta". </p><p>Some strange language-related laws have been enacted over time. For example, Law 101, which allows signs to be publicly displayed in Québec only if they are mainly written in French. If there is another language used (not just English), the caption has to be 50% smaller. The law also stated that company names had to be entirely French, which explains why the coffee chain "Tim Hortons" doesn't include an apostrophe before the trailing "s", because that would make it English, therefore evil, even if the company was founded by hockey player Tim Horton. Some other chains like "Taco Bell" simply boycotted the whole province rather than translating their name to French. The province also had its own language police tasked with fining companies that didn't respect the language laws, mostly in ethnic neighbourhoods like Chinatown. There is an urban legend in Montréal about a parrot that was arrested by the language police after multiple offences of repeating an ad slogan in English in front of a store. Luckily, the death penalty had been repealed in 1967 for such horrendous crimes. </p> <h2><span id="Health_care/Assurance-maladie"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care.2FAssurance-maladie">Health care/Assurance-maladie</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Health care/Assurance-maladie">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Universal_healthcare#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal healthcare">Universal healthcare § Canada</a></div> <p>Canada has had <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> since 1966. Over 70% is provided by government <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> revenue, while around 27% is paid through the private sector for prescription drugs, dental care, among other things. Richer Canadians may head South for healthcare because, while it is uncommon for Canadians to die while waiting for specific <a href="/wiki/Medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical">medical</a> operations, they do sometimes prefer the slightly faster American system, for those with deep pockets, that is. However, they also do not have people dying because they could not afford to pay for their treatment, something that happens constantly in countries without universal healthcare such as the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>A good majority of Canadians<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[9]</a></sup> are satisfied with their coverage. </p><p>However, while Canada's system certainly works and has proven to be popular among Canadians, it is far from the best one around.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[10]</a></sup> At present, wait times can be long, sometimes frustratingly so.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[11]</a></sup> Meanwhile, some medical facilities have been closed due to mass resignations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[12]</a></sup> Overcrowding can happen and, in extreme cases, lead to death.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[13]</a></sup> It is evident, therefore, that the Canadian healthcare system is understaffed and underfunded. To make matters worse, the system is one of the costliest of any developed nation. About 50% of government spending goes towards the nation's healthcare program, and it is projected to reach 80% by 2030,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[14]</a></sup> an unsustainable number. </p><p>Despite being politically contentious as some politicians consider it unacceptable that foreigners with deep pockets are able to gain immediate access to medical care while citizens are put on a waiting list, <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care#Medical_tourism" title="Universal health care">medical tourism</a> could be seen as a source of growth for Canada's economy. Canada is currently a major destination for medical tourism. However, according to the Conference Board of Canada, in 2013, Canadians spent $447 million on healthcare abroad when foreigners spent only $150 million in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[15]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Flag/Drapeau"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Flag.2FDrapeau">Flag/Drapeau</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flag/Drapeau">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>This is Canada.</div></div></div> <p>Since 1965, the official national flag of Canada has been <b>The Maple Leaf</b> (French: <i><b>L’Unifolié</b></i>), a red-white-red triband with a giant red maple leaf superimposed over the centre. It is now considered very much a national symbol of the country, representing all Canadians of every stripe and it is literally plastered all over the country to say this is Canadian. Canadians can even get various promotional tools from the government to show off the flag which they can download or purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[16]</a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(1921%E2%80%931957).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="75" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(1921%E2%80%931957).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>This was Canada.</div></div></div> <p>Before the Maple Leaf, there were two official flags of Canada. One was the Royal Union Flag (aka the Union Jack), yes the same flag as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, which even today is flown over federal buildings whenever it's the <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King's</a> birthday. When there needed to be a distinctive Canadian flag, the other flag, the Canadian Red Ensign was flown. The Red Ensign consists of a British red ensign with the Canadian escutcheon as its badge. The flag is still flown over war graveyards, historic buildings and re-enactments today. However in recent years, it has been re-appropriated by the far-right such as the <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a>, as a symbol of a traditional Anglo-Saxon Canada against the multicultural mosaic of the Great Far North.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[18]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Gay_marriage/Mariage_homosexuel"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Gay_marriage.2FMariage_homosexuel">Gay marriage/Mariage homosexuel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gay marriage/Mariage homosexuel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Same-sex marriage was legalized across Canada on July 20, 2005 with the passage of the <i>Civil Marriage Act.</i> Prior to this federal law, many provinces had already passed legislation allowing for same-sex marriages, as while the federal government has constitutional jurisdiction over marriage, the provinces...oh hell, just read the preamble to the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-31.5/page-1.html">Civil Marriage Act</a></i> if you actually care about the nuances of the division of Canadian constitutional powers. </p> <h2><span id="Abortion/Avortement"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Abortion.2FAvortement">Abortion/Avortement</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abortion/Avortement">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a> is fully decriminalized in Canada, having been completely removed from their criminal codes. Therefore it is legal at any point during pregnancy, regardless of the reason, and it is available on request throughout the 24th week of gestation, or the first two trimesters. It is a publicly funded medical procedure under the federal Canada Health Act, and is paid for by the provincial and territorial healthcare systems. First legalized in 1969 for medical reasons, abortion has not been subject to criminal restrictions since 1988, when the Supreme Court found the existing laws to be unconstitutional, thus legalizing it on request for the first time. Following two failed attempts to create new laws shortly thereafter, no serious attempt has been made to enact any abortion legislation since. While there are no laws specifically concerning abortion, it is nonetheless subject to any laws regarding healthcare in general, and can only be legally performed by a licensed medical professional. Although abortion is legal throughout pregnancy, it is regulated by provincial healthcare guidelines set out by the governing medical bodies, and physicians are expected to maintain a standard of ethics. Every province has a gestational age limit, and no province offers abortion on request at or beyond 25 weeks, which is the approximate point of fetal viability. Any abortion after this point may only be performed if a physician determines it to be medically necessary. Although these regulations exist, they are not set into law, making Canada one of only a few countries without any legal restrictions on abortion. Over 90% of abortions take place during the 13 weeks, or the first trimester, and over 99% take place within the first 25 weeks, or first two trimesters. All abortions in the third trimester are performed due to medical complications. Despite the lack of legal restrictions, Canada has a fairly low abortion rate compared to other countries, having declined steadily since decriminalization. One of the largest remaining issues is access to services, as many rural communities have no providers nearby. </p> <h2><span id="Firearms/Armes_à_feu"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Firearms.2FArmes_.C3.A0_feu">Firearms/Armes à feu</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Firearms/Armes à feu">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="plainlinks" style="width:260px;margin-left:4em;margin-top:.4em;margin-bottom:.4em;border:1px solid #AAAAAA;text-align:left;background:#f8fafc;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none;background:#9613E8;width:7%;align:left;"></td><td><small><i>This section requires <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit">updating</a>.</b></i><b></b></small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although firearms are considerably more regulated there than they are in the United States, there are over two million Canadians who are licensed to own <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">guns</a> as of 2016, which is understandable considering the large amount of bears in much of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[19]</a></sup> Canadians are allowed to use force, including lethal force with a firearm, to defend themselves, others, and their property, provided this use of force is justified by a belief on reasonable grounds that a threat was present and that the defensive actions taken were reasonable in the circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[21]</a></sup> Interestingly, despite this, Canadians refuse to shoot each other <i>or themselves</i> at anything approaching the same rate as Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[22]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Multiculturalism/Multiculturalisme"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Multiculturalism.2FMulticulturalisme">Multiculturalism/Multiculturalisme</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Multiculturalism/Multiculturalisme">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:277px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG/330px-Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG/500px-Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG/960px-Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_toronto_spadina_avenue.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Toronto Chinatown.</div></div></div> <p>Canada was the first country in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> to adopt <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalist</a> policies, under Pierre Trudeau in 1971. Now its in the top 20 countries for net migration in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[23]</a></sup> However, while Canada does admit immigrants on humanitarian grounds, it does not accept people with disabilities or those whose immediate family members suffer from the same.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[24]</a></sup> </p><p>To the shock of <a href="/wiki/Islamophobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamophobe">Islamophobes</a>, Canada, having some of the most lenient <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> rights and <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> laws available, has had comparatively little problems integrating Arabs into <a href="/wiki/Secular" title="Secular">secular</a> society compared to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[25]</a></sup> The most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_18" class="extiw" title="wp:Toronto 18" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Toronto 18">significant terrorist plot</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> was halted due to the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> CSIS (Canada's <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a>) agents, <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> was banned in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> after <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moderate" title="Moderate">moderate</a> groups lobbied against it,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[26]</a></sup> and the electoral riding with the largest Muslim population in Canada continues to elect openly gay politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[27]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> commenters also went crazy when they saw a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> RCMP officer repping the flag at a Stanley Cup game.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[28]</a></sup> </p><p>It is, however, a mistake to consider Canada to be a thoroughly secular country. While Canadians tend to reject organized religion, many still hold religious beliefs. For example, 67% believe God exists and 53% think he plays an active role in the world. Of the entire population, only 19% declare they are non-believers. Population growth due to immigration likely contributes to the continued significance of religion in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[29]</a></sup> A recent poll reveals that about half of all Canadians view <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> unfavorably, though that number is decreasing, with <a href="/wiki/Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> leading the way.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[30]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Indigenous_affairs/Affaires_autochtones"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Indigenous_affairs.2FAffaires_autochtones">Indigenous affairs/Affaires autochtones</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indigenous affairs/Affaires autochtones">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg/250px-Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg/375px-Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg/500px-Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="499" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stpauls-middlechurch-man.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Forced assimilation of natives at St. Paul's Indian Industrial School in Manitoba, 1901.</div></div></div> <p>It is estimated that 1.3 million (3.8 per cent of) Canadians have Aboriginal ancestry, half of whom are Registered Indians. In the Constitution Act 1982 Aboriginal peoples of Canada include the Indian (a term sometimes considered pejorative, and now often replaced with "First Nations" in everyday use), Inuit (part of the people once called Eskimos, now considered to be offensive by some) and Métis peoples (ethnic groups formed from mixed Indigenous and French ancestries). Indians registered under the Indian Act are termed Registered Indians (once called Status Indians) and are entitled to benefits which may not be available to other Indians. Due to the desire for <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>, there are now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada#Terminology" class="extiw" title="wp:Indigenous peoples in Canada" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada#Terminology">multiple often-interchangeable terms in use to refer to these people</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (such as "Indigenous peoples" slowly replacing "Aboriginal peoples"), often confusing older Canadians (and others too). </p><p>The gap in life expectancy between Indigenous Canadians and other Canadians is now seven years. Infant mortality rates have been halved since 1981 but are still higher than those of other Canadians. The unemployment rate of Registered Indians on reserves is three times the Canadian average. Between 1984 and 1994 the percentage of Indian children remaining in school until year 12 doubled to 75 per cent and post secondary enrolments tripled. In 1997-98 federal expenditure on indigenous matters is estimated at C$6 billion (0.7 per cent of GDP). </p><p>The Constitution Act 1867 assigned exclusive legislative authority to the Federal Parliament over 'Indians and lands reserved for Indians'. The Constitution Act 1982 entrenches Aboriginal rights in the constitution and requires the federal and provincial governments to consult with Aboriginal people prior to making any legislation that relates directly to them. Indigenous people's lands represent 6.3 per cent of Canada's land area; they control access to minerals in most of theses areas and receive royalties or compensation for mining. The Canadian Government's 1998 'Statement of Reconciliation' included a declaration that: </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"As a country, we are burdened by past actions that resulted in weakening the identity of Aboriginal peoples, suppressing their languages and cultures, and outlawing spiritual practices. We must recognise the impact of these actions on the once self-sustaining nations that were disaggregated, disrupted, limited or even destroyed by the dispossession of traditional territory, by the relocation of Aboriginal people, and by some provisions of the Indian Act." </p> </blockquote> <p>The Statement included an apology for the Government of Canada's role in the development and administration of special residential schools: </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>"Particularly to those individuals who experienced the tragedy of sexual and physical abuse at residential schools, and who have carried this burden believing that in some way they must be responsible, we wish to emphasise that what you experienced was not your fault and should never have happened. To those of you who suffered this tragedy at residential schools, we are deeply sorry."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[31]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <h2><span id="Illegal_immigration/Immigration_illégale"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Illegal_immigration.2FImmigration_ill.C3.A9gale">Illegal immigration/Immigration illégale</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Illegal immigration/Immigration illégale">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The government of Justin Trudeau has been trying to correct its previous message that entices prospective immigrants to come to Canada because it gives the false impression that Canada has an open-border policy. Some of them even entered the country thinking the Prime Minister invited them.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[32]</a></sup> There has in fact been a surge in the number of illegal immigrants across the US-Canadian border recently.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[note 8]</a></sup> By September 2017, more than 32,000 asylum claimants have crossed the border into Canada, many of whom "irregular".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[note 9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[34]</a></sup> Under the Canada-United States Safe Third Country Agreement, a refugee who lands in Canada cannot claim asylum in the U.S. and vice versa. This is intended to prevent refugees from "country shopping", so to speak, since both the U.S. and Canada consider each other a "safe country". Unfortunately, this agreement has gaping loophole: it can be circumvented by avoiding official ports of entry.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[36]</a></sup> </p><p>Official estimates suggest Canadian immigrants lead the world in unauthorized visa overstays in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[37]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Sports/Sports"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports.2FSports">Sports/Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports/Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Like the US, plenty of professional sports abound in Canada. </p> <h3><span id="Ice_hockey/Hockey_sur_glace"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ice_hockey.2FHockey_sur_glace">Ice hockey/Hockey sur glace</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ice hockey/Hockey sur glace">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Hockey is Canada's most popular sport.<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup> There are currently seven Canadian teams in the NHL. </p> <ul><li>The Vancouver Canucks have existed for over 50 years and still haven't won a Stanley Cup. They came close, however, in 2011 but lost to the Boston Bruins in 7 games, which triggered an enormous riot in downtown Vancouver on June 15<sup>th</sup> 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[38]</a></sup></li> <li>The Calgary Flames play <s>in an actual barn</s> at Scotia Bank Saddledome and have been irrelevant since 1989, when they won their only Stanley Cup to date.</li> <li>The Edmonton Oilers are considered the Flames big brother and share a major rivalry with them, known as the "Battle of Alberta". They have five Stanley Cups.</li> <li>The Winnipeg Jets used to play in Atlanta <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._State)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (U.S. State)">GA</a> as the Thrashers, but after it finally became clear nobody in Atlanta gives a shit about hockey<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup>, they emigrated to Winnipeg.</li> <li>The Toronto Maple Leafs are Canada's biggest embarrassment.<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup> The good news is, they have 13 cups. The bad news is they haven't won since 1967. To put this into perspective, <i>The Andy Griffith Show</i> was still in production when the Leafs won the their most recent cup.</li> <li>The Montreal Canadians have the most Stanley Cups in the NHL. They also hold Canada's most recent cup, won in 1993. Unsurprisingly, this is the team where all the Canadian bandwagons have flocked too.</li> <li>The Ottawa Senators exist.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[39]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2020, Canada ended up hosting the entirety of the Stanley Cup Playoffs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Games were played in Rogers Place and Scotiabank Arena, home of the Oilers and Maple Leafs respectively, without fans in attendance. The Tampa Bay Lightning beat the Dallas Stars in six games and won the 2020 <s>Covid Cup</s> Stanley Cup. </p><p>Canada is also home to the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). </p> <h3><span id="Baseball/Le_baseball"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Baseball.2FLe_baseball">Baseball/Le baseball</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Baseball/Le baseball">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Canada is also the only country outside the United States to have a Major League <a href="/wiki/Fun:Baseball" title="Fun:Baseball">baseball</a> team. Currently the Toronto Blue Jays are the only Canadian team that is part of the MLB; however, at one point there also was the Montreal Expos (who emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> in 2004 and became the Washington <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationals</a>.) ("Expo" was short for "Exposition" in reference to a fair held in Montreal in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[40]</a></sup>) The Toronto Blue Jays won the World Series in 1992 and 1993, despite having a Canadian on the team (Rob Butler is the only Canadian to win a World Series with a Canadian baseball team). The Blue Jays temporarily played in Buffalo New York during the 2020 season, due to border travel issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak. </p><p>Ever since the Expos - who played in an awful stadium and had their only potential championship season cut short by a strike - left, there has been talk about MLB moving or expanding into Montreal once more. Of course, half of the Franchise relocation talk in <i>any</i> sport is just to extort money out of cities to build the existing franchises bigger stadiums. On June 20th 2019, the Tampa Bay Rays announced plans to consider playing the 2<sup>nd</sup> half of future seasons in Montreal, essentially becoming a 2 city team<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[41]</a></sup>... you read that right, a two city team. To the utter shock of no one, this idea has been killed dead by MLB, and was likely only a wedge for the owner to extract some public funding for a stadium. </p> <h3><span id="Basketball/Le_basketball"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Basketball.2FLe_basketball">Basketball/Le basketball</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Basketball/Le basketball">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Toronto is also home to Canada's only NBA team, the Toronto Raptors, who won the NBA Finals in 2019 over the Golden State Warriors. </p> <h3><span id="Football_(soccer)/Le_football_(soccer)"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Football_.28soccer.29.2FLe_football_.28soccer.29">Football (soccer)/Le football (soccer)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Football (soccer)/Le football (soccer)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Professional football (soccer) teams in Canada can be found in two different leagues, Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Canadian Premier Leauge. Canada has three Major League Soccer (MLS) teams, The Vancouver Whitecaps, the Toronto FC, and Montreal Impact: which would be great, if anyone gave a shit about soccer in Canada (some do). Canada has its own football (soccer) league called the Canadian Premier League, which was formed in 2017 and began in 2019. The league has 8 teams, from the cities of Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Victoria, Halifax, York and Hamilton. The Vancouver Whitecaps, Toronto FC and Montreal impact have refused to move to the CPL because they will earn less money. Expansions into other major cities have also been planned. </p> <h3><span id="Football_(The_REAL..._or_in_this_case_not,_football)/Football_(Le_VRAI_football_selon_les_américains..._ou,_enfin_presque)"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Football_.28The_REAL..._or_in_this_case_not.2C_football.29.2FFootball_.28Le_VRAI_football_selon_les_am.C3.A9ricains..._ou.2C_enfin_presque.29">Football (The REAL... or in this case not, football)/Football (Le VRAI football selon les américains... ou, enfin presque)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Football (The REAL... or in this case not, football)/Football (Le VRAI football selon les américains... ou, enfin presque)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>An even bigger joke than the aforementioned is the Canadian Football League (CFL), a league that uses a way larger field than American Football, only 3 downs instead of the standard 4, and a bunch of other brain-meltingly unnecessary changes. Understandably, most Canadians don't give a shit about the CFL, as 52% of Canadians prefer the Superbowl over its Canadian brother, the Grey Cup.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[42]</a></sup> Leave it to the CFL to also end up driving a 120 year old/9 time championship team, the Ottawa Rough Riders, into bankruptcy and eventual disbanding due to... of all things... <i>FINANCIAL ISSUES</i>. Thankfully, for the 50 people in Ottawa who care, a new team joined in 2014 called the Ottawa Redblacks. </p><p>In 2020, the season was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, as unlike other major sports, the CFL relies too heavily on gate revenue to play in any type of fan-less environment. </p> <h2><span id="Beer/Bière"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Beer.2FBi.C3.A8re">Beer/Bière</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Beer/Bière">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Canadian <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> drinkers are especially proud of their beer, thanks to a myth about Canadian beer being stronger than American beer.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[43]</a></sup> In fact, beer commercials account for roughly half of all displays of Canadian <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a> since the most popular beer happens to be called Molson Canadian.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[44]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Food/Nourriture"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Food.2FNourriture">Food/Nourriture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Food/Nourriture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/Fun:Poutine" title="Fun:Poutine">Poutine</a> (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Putin" class="mw-redirect" title="Putin">Putin</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikt:putain#Noun" class="extiw" title="wp:wikt:putain" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: wikt:putain#Noun">putain</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>) is a made in Canada dish made of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_fries" title="Freedom fries">French fries</a>, 'hot chicken sauce' and cheese curds. It is commonly served at Canadian McDonalds. The American version in northern states often substitutes cheese curd with shredded mozzarella. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fun:Bacon" title="Fun:Bacon">Canadian bacon</a> (not the movie) is referred to internally as back bacon and is often maple-flavored. </p><p>Spawned from Canada is Tim Hortons, a popular fast food chain that serves coffee, donuts, and other stuff. Although founded in Canada, they have since expanded to other countries. They can be found on just about every corner of existence in Canada. </p> <h2><span id="Cannabis/Cannabis"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Cannabis.2FCannabis">Cannabis/Cannabis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cannabis/Cannabis">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>As of 17 October 2018, recreational cannabis was legalized across the country. What was once a stereotype of people from a certain western province was now legal for purchase in any province or territory in Canada, the rub being that said provinces and territories were left to figure out exactly how they were going to control it. The minimum age to purchase cannabis is 19 in most provinces and territories (18 in Alberta; 21 in Quebec).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[45]</a></sup> However, the years following legalization has not led to a drastic upswing in crime.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[46]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="The_city_that_fun_forgot/La_ville_que_le_plaisir_a_oublié"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="The_city_that_fun_forgot.2FLa_ville_que_le_plaisir_a_oubli.C3.A9">The city that fun forgot/La ville que le plaisir a oublié</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The city that fun forgot/La ville que le plaisir a oublié">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Ottawa, Canada's capital city, is supposedly "The city that <s>hosers</s> fun forgot", but it is probably the international <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a> capital of the world; about 20% of residents have <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashley Madison">Ashley Madison</a> accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[47]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="How_Canada_got_its_name/Comment_le_Canada_s'est_fait_nommer"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="How_Canada_got_its_name.2FComment_le_Canada_s.27est_fait_nommer">How Canada got its name/Comment le Canada s'est fait nommer</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: How Canada got its name/Comment le Canada s'est fait nommer">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Way back when Canada became a nation, a group of citizens met at a <s>Tim Hortons</s> Country Style to decide what the new country would be called. Somebody just happened to have a game of Scrabble and they decided to take turns drawing letters, and thus would the country be named. The first person drew the letter C and called out, "C, eh?" The second person drew an N and called out, "N, eh?" The third person drew a D ("eh?"). </p><p>Ha ha. But seriously, it's a misunderstanding of the <a href="/wiki/Native_American" title="Native American">Huron-Iroquois</a> word for "village" (<i>kanata</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[48]</a></sup> </p><p>Just to be clear, <i>Canada</i> has nothing to do with <i>Kannada</i>, a Dravidian language spoken in southern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p> <h2><span id="U.N._Peacekeeping/Casques_bleus"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="U.N._Peacekeeping.2FCasques_bleus">U.N. Peacekeeping/Casques bleus</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: U.N. Peacekeeping/Casques bleus">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Canada has built up a reputation for UN peacekeeping, largely thanks to its creation of modern peacekeeping during the Suez Crisis in 1956. Lester B. Pearson, head of the Canadian U.N. delegation and future prime minister, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for this. However, the 1993 Somalia Affair, in which Canadian soldiers tortured to death a suspected thief during a U.N. mission in Somalia, led to a significant reduction in Canadian contributions to peacekeeping efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[49]</a></sup> Apart from a handful of missions, notably Mali, most recent peacekeeping missions have been token contributions. </p><p>Canadian peacekeeping success is largely a <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a> in recent years, perpetuated by <a href="/wiki/Selective_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective memory">selective memory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">rhetoric</a> of various prime ministers. In recent years, the U.N. has stopped waiting for Canada to contribute.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[50]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Science/Science"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Science.2FScience">Science/Science</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Science/Science">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The Canadian Space Agency (CSA)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[note 10]</a></sup> currently has in orbit the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST), or colloquially the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humble_Space_Telescope" class="extiw" title="wp:Humble Space Telescope" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Humble Space Telescope">Humble Space Telescope</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, the smallest of its kind.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[51]</a></sup> Its name is likely a reference to its American counterpart, the Hubble Space Telescope, one of the largest ever put into orbit. Speaking of space, the Canadarm, a remarkable feat of robotics, plays a key role in the logistics of the International Space Station. It was in fact the first piece of robotics of any size being deployed in space. Although the algorithms used are quite commonplace nowadays, it was a true technological breakthrough in the 1980s, when it was introduced. There are now two such devices, the original Canadarm and the Canadarm 2, working in tandem.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[52]</a></sup> The CSA partners with <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and the European Space Agency (ESA) for many of its projects. </p><p>In medicine, diabetes patients can thank Canadian medical researchers who first isolated insulin. They earned the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[53]</a></sup> More recently, the Canadian Public Health Agency, in collaboration with the United States Army, succeeded in creating a vaccine against the <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[note 11]</a></sup> </p><p>Unfortunately, however, a recent survey reveals that a surprisingly large number Canadians confuse (scientific) facts with opinions, as are that of those <a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">holding unscientific views</a>. Fifty-two percent of respondents think <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">genetically modified food</a> is unsuitable for consumption. This is in fact one of the topics in which there is a stark contrast between the scientific consensus and public opinion. Forty-seven percent <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change denial">do not believe</a> in the reality of (anthropogenic) global warming and climate change. And nineteen percent assert there is a link between <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccination_movement" title="Anti-vaccination movement">vaccination and autism</a>. In all, one sees a widespread lack of understanding of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a>, which is not healthy for a democracy. On the bright side, though, a majority would like to better understand science and how it affects the world.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[55]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="Science_fiction/Science-fiction"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Science_fiction.2FScience-fiction">Science fiction/Science-fiction</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Science fiction/Science-fiction">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>One of Canada's main exports is <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> shows, such as the <i>Stargate</i> franchise, <i>Sanctuary</i>, <i>Lexx</i>, and <i>Orphan Black</i>. Also <i>The Starlost,</i> though Canadians pretend that didn't happen. Sydney Newman, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> science fiction show <i>Doctor Who</i>, was also Canadian. Also, science fiction novels by Robert J. Sawyer, Robert Charles Wilson, Spider Robinson, and other dudes with the syllable "Rob" in their names. And Cory Doctorow. And William Gibson.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[note 12]</a></sup> </p><p>...and <a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">Margaret Atwood</a>. And William Shatner, who plays Captain James T. Kirk in the <i>Star Trek</i> franchise. </p><p><span id="Quebec_sovereignty"></span> </p> <h2><span id="Quebec_sovereignty/Souverainisme_québécois"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Quebec_sovereignty.2FSouverainisme_qu.C3.A9b.C3.A9cois">Quebec sovereignty/Souverainisme québécois</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Quebec sovereignty/Souverainisme québécois">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>For many years, Canada has had an issue with the Quebec sovereignty movement, which aims for Quebec to gain independence from Canada. Notably, the paramilitary group <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="extiw" title="wp:Front de libération du Québec" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Front de libération du Québec">Front de libération du Québec</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (FLQ) tried to overthrow the Quebec government to establish a socialist "worker's society" (read: what a French-speaking equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> could have been), which led to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Crisis" class="extiw" title="wp:October Crisis" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: October Crisis">October Crisis</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>. The FLQ also made a manifesto, which stated that then-Quebec premier <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bourassa" class="extiw" title="wp:Robert Bourassa" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Robert Bourassa">Robert Bourassa</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> would have had to face "100,000 revolutionary workers, armed and organized" in "the coming year" (<a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">which never happened, owing to the FLQ's self-destruction</a>), and even called Pierre Trudeau "<a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">a queer</a>". The majority of the FLQ members were later paroled (which was counter-productive for the Quebec sovereignty movement considering they rejected the FLQ), and all of those who voluntarily defected to Cuba had returned to Canada, with some completing short prison sentences in Canada. </p><p>Some affiliated with the Quebec sovereignty movement are also to blame for the notorious <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_the_French_Language" class="extiw" title="wp:Charter of the French Language" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Charter of the French Language">Charter of the French Language</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>, making Quebec's sole official language French (even if Quebec residents speak other languages like English or Spanish) which has been challenged legally several times throughout the decades. When Quebec's educational broadcaster Tele-Quebec was given a proposal to add English-language programming, they objected saying anglophones were already well-served by commercial English-language broadcasters... despite the proposal calling for the addition of <i>cultural & educational English-language programming</i>. The then-<a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> leader Martine Ouellet also stated, in her <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">infinite wisdom</a>, that she felt it was "not surprising" that the Anglophones of Quebec felt "entitled to demand more." </p> <h2><span id="Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police/Gendarmerie_royale_du_Canada"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police.2FGendarmerie_royale_du_Canada">Royal Canadian Mounted Police/Gendarmerie royale du Canada</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Royal Canadian Mounted Police/Gendarmerie royale du Canada">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) are the official federal and national police service of Canada, operating mostly (but not totally) outside of Quebec and Ontario, in areas that lack standard police authority. Despite their name, they are no longer an actual mounted police force, as horses are now only used at ceremonial events (And sometimes for riding through the Tim Hortons drive-thru<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[56]</a></sup>). In total, they provide service in more than 150 municipalities, 600 Indigenous communities, and three international airports within Canada. </p><p>For decades, the RCMP have been endlessly parodied in popular culture. The popular <i>Dudley-Do-Right</i> cartoons star the titular character as a dimwitted <s>realistic</s> stereotypical Canadian Mountie who has nothing better to do than to save helpless women tied to railroad tracks. In later years, even the British got in on the fun with <i>Monty Python's Flying Circus</i>, featuring a group of Mounties singing the chorus in The Lumberjack Song in the lumberjack sketch. Indeed, the RCMP today is about as iconic as the Maple Leaf (the <i>actual</i> leaf, not the hockey team in Toronto). </p> <h2><span id="Children's_television/Télévision_pour_enfants"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Children.27s_television.2FT.C3.A9l.C3.A9vision_pour_enfants">Children's television/Télévision pour enfants</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Children's television/Télévision pour enfants">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Another one of Canada's main exports is children's television series. Notable Canuck kids' shows include <i>Degrassi</i>, <i>Franklin</i>, <i>Little Bear</i>, <i>PAW Patrol</i>, and <i>Johnny Test</i>. Also <i>Caillou</i>, which (American) soccer moms have blamed for almost everything bad their kids do except for maybe growing up to be a <a href="/wiki/Quack" class="mw-redirect" title="Quack">quack</a>, Christian apologist, or a <a href="/wiki/New_Atheism" title="New Atheism">New Atheist</a>. Canada has had it's own kids' TV shows, notably <i>Mr. Dressup</i> (a Canadian equivalent to <i>Mister Rogers' Neighborhood</i>) and <i>The Friendly Giant</i>. The CBC had a long-running Canadian version of <i>Sesame Street</i>, originally titled <i>Canadian Sesame Street</i> and then <i>Sesame Park</i>, though most Canadians forget it existed thanks to the American version overtaking it in popularity. Another case of original programming is the afternoon block <i>The Zone</i>, airing on the cable channel YTV (considered Canada's answer to Nickelodeon). </p> <h2><span id="Famous_Canadian/Canadiens_célèbres"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Famous_Canadian.2FCanadiens_c.C3.A9l.C3.A8bres">Famous Canadian/Canadiens célèbres</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Famous Canadian/Canadiens célèbres">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>: Now a United States <s>wingnut</s> conspiracy-licking senator. Major <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_denialism" title="COVID-19 denialism">COVID denialist</a></li> <li>John Edgar Dick: inventor of cancer stem cell</li> <li>Henry Morgentaler: abortion rights advocate</li> <li>Pete Parker (Not Spider-Man): one of the first people to ever broadcast an ice hockey game</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a>: Famous neuroscientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a>: Famous magician and debunker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watt" title="Alan Watt">Alan Watt</a>: Conspiracy loon with a laughably bad website</li> <li>William Shatner, oddly enough</li> <li>Elliot Page, an actor known for his roles in Juno, X-Men, and Umbrella Academy</li></ul> <h2><span id="See_also/Voir_aussi"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also.2FVoir_aussi">See also/Voir aussi</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also/Voir aussi">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_provinces" title="Category:Canadian provinces">Canadian provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_of_Canada" title="Political parties of Canada">Political parties of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun:Poutine" title="Fun:Poutine">They put gravy and cheese curds on French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_can%27t_I_own_a_Canadian%3F" title="Why can't I own a Canadian?">Why can't I own a Canadian?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Union" title="North American Union">North American Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC" title="CBC">CBC</a></li></ul> </div> <h2><span id="Sexy_Canadian_videos_(SFW)/Les_vidéos_canadiennes_sexy_(sûr_pour_le_travail)"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sexy_Canadian_videos_.28SFW.29.2FLes_vid.C3.A9os_canadiennes_sexy_.28s.C3.BBr_pour_le_travail.29">Sexy Canadian videos (SFW)/Les vidéos canadiennes sexy (sûr pour le travail)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sexy Canadian videos (SFW)/Les vidéos canadiennes sexy (sûr pour le travail)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi1yhp-_x7A">Rick Mercer explains Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sekLEG8xsOs">Canadian Beavers</a></li> <li>Want Canadian citizenship? <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDeDQpIQFD0">Waking up Canadian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYKbTG3MdQI">I'm Glad I Live in Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuVsHt3rBnc&feature=youtu.be">In Canada</a></li></ul> <h2><span id="Notes/Notes"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes.2FNotes">Notes/Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes/Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This name was invented by Patrick Buchanan, who wrote on Canadian-Cuban trade, which tripled in the early 1960s. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">But if Russia keeps on shrinking, soon they will be first, as long as Québec does not secede and Russia does not succeed in its <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">irredentism</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Canada has the most lakes of any country largely due to erosion caused by the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>, with it having 62% of the world's lakes, which is the reason for this disparity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Now kiss.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Formerly York, the capital of Upper Canada (modern day Southern Ontario), Toronto is the country's largest city, however.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">As of January 2024, the late Queen Elizabeth II is still on the Canadian $20 bill. The first Canadian coins bearing the head of Charles III <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/king-charles-coin-royal-canadian-mint-1.7027749">were unveiled in November 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">There is also a rural Quebecois dialect called "Joual", which nowadays is used mostly to confuse European French tourists.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Most entrees came from Haiti, and unhappy countries in the Middle East such as Syria.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">That's Trudeau's euphemism for "illegal".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Not</b> to be confused with the Confederate States of America, which Canada, like her mother country, Great Britain, sympathized with. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maple leaves and bald eagles make a great team. <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/120px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="21" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> :-) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">He was born in the USA, but dodged the draft during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span id="References/Références"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="References.2FR.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences">References/Références</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References/Références">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">as quoted in "The Bumper Book of Insults" (1993) by Nancy McPhee, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/declassified-documents-reveal-british-views-of-inordinately-sensitive-canadians/article13545855/">Declassified documents reveal British views of 'inordinately sensitive' Canadians</a>, <i>The Globe and Mail</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=america%27s%20hat">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.quotes.net/mquote/924575">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf">Human Development Report 2020</a>. United Nations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf">Democracy Index 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~chambers/zed.html">At least 10% of the population.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:9aM8ZWz9vD0J:www.sp2.upenn.edu/temp/PSH_March17_PowerPoint.ppt+canadian+health+care+.edu&cd=18&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca&client=safari">Canada’s Health Care System: Fact and Fiction</a>, University of Toronto</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2009/08/never-mind-the-anecdotes-do-canadians-like-their-health-care-system.html">Never mind the anecdotes: Do Canadians like their health-care system?</a>, <i>Chicago Tribune</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/09/18/upshot/best-health-care-system-country-bracket.html?smid=pl-share">The Best Health Care System in the World: Which One Would You Pick?</a> The Upshot. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 18, 2017. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/wait-times-er-childrens-hospital-1.4529225">10-hour Wait at Montreal Children's for Head Injury Leaves Laval Mom Furious</a> CBC. February 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-public-detox-centre-forced-to-close-third-of-beds-after-losing-half-its-nurses-1.4531603">Montreal Public Detox Center Forced to Close Third of Beds After Losing Half of Its Nurses</a>. CBC. February 12, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/blayke-hay-mcallister-miramichi-baby-rsv-1.4554305">5-week-old girl dies at home in mother's arms while hospital over capacity</a>. CBC News. March 6, 2018. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.td.com/document/PDF/economics/special/td-economics-special-db0510-health-care.pdf">https://www.td.com/document/PDF/economics/special/td-economics-special-db0510-health-care.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/how-medical-tourism-a-hot-button-issue-could-help-canadas-economy/article37387959/">How medical tourism – a hot-button issue – could help Canada’s economy</a>. The Global and Mail. Updated January 3, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/services/culture/canadian-identity-society/anthems-symbols/national-flag.html">National Flag of Canada</a> Canada.ca</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/former-canadian-flag-the-red-ensign-gets-new-darker-life-as-far-right-symbol/wcm/80778f2c-6c23-4000-9917-85176a40e684">Former Canadian flag, the Red Ensign, gets new, darker life as far-right symbol</a> National Post, July 10, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anti-racistcanada.blogspot.com/2015/02/paulie-not-so-happy-about-canadas.html">A Response to Fromm's Condemnation of the Canadian Flag</a> Anti-Racist Canada February 15, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/2016-commissioner-firearms-report">2016 Commissioner of Firearms report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Criminal Code. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/page-6.html#h-9">Section 34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Criminal Code. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/page-6.html#h-10">Section 35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The American Journal of Medicine, Volume 129, Issue 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01030-X/fulltext">Violent Death Rates: The US Compared with Other High-income OECD Countries, 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2112rank.html">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2112rank.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-ca/health/medical/mother-fears-canadian-government-could-force-her-family-to-leave-due-to-son%E2%80%99s-disability/ar-BBJaIUZ?li=AA4RDh&ocid=spartanntp_edu">Mother fears Canadian government could force her family to leave due to son’s disability</a>. Global News. February 15, 2018. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20121107015159/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/islam/muslim-survey.html">See for yourself.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20120327015743/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20050912/mcguinty_shariah_050911/">Voila.</a> The reason why this went through relatively easily was because it gave the finger to <i>all</i> <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> arbitration courts (as true secularism would expect).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theagenda.tvo.org/blog/agenda-blogs/steve-paikin-conclusions-stunning-ontario-general-election">Conclusions on a Stunning Ontario General Election</a>, TVO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://youtu.be/Tiv05HefH7g?t=4m45s">OMG a Sikh!</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canadians-may-be-vacating-the-pews-but-they-are-keeping-the-faith-poll">Canadians May Be Vacating the Pews But They Keep the Faith: Poll</a>. National Post. April 13, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/3356103/canadians-islam-religion-trends-study/">Nearly half of Canadians view Islam Unfavourably, Survey Finds</a>. Global News. April 4, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/Background_Papers/bp9798/98Bp15">Indigenous Affairs in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America, Norway and Sweden</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/2017/10/29/560467747/canadas-balancing-act-on-immigration">NPR — Canada's 'Welcome' To Immigrants Has Some Unintended Consequences</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/trudeau-asylum-seekers-1.4254851">CBC News — Trudeau to asylum seekers: Crossing border illegally won't fast track immigration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalpost.com/news/politics/more-than-32000-asylum-seekers-have-arrived-in-canada-so-far-in-2017">More Than 32000 Asylum Seekers Have Arrived in Canada So Far in 2017</a>. National Post. September 28, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/globe-editorial-why-canadas-border-problems-will-only-get-worse-under-donald-trump/article35896530/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&">Why Canada’s border problems will only get worse under Donald Trump</a>. The Globe and Mail Editorial. August 7, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/3658241/somali-criminal-records-canada-us-deportation-intelligence/">Somalis with criminal records coming to Canada from US, intelligence report warns</a>. Global News. August 10<sup>th</sup>, 2017. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latintimes.com/canadian-immigrants-lead-world-illegal-us-visa-overstays-according-first-ever-dhs-367906">Canadian Immigrants Lead World In Illegal U.S. Visa Overstays, According To First-Ever DHS Estimates</a>. Latin Times. February 4, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Vancouver_Stanley_Cup_riot">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Vancouver_Stanley_Cup_riot</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://youtu.be/K8E_zMLCRNg">https://youtu.be/K8E_zMLCRNg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_fair#cite_note-3" class="extiw" title="wp:World's fair" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: World's_fair#cite_note-3">World's fair § cite note-3</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newsday.com/sports/baseball/tampa-bay-rays-montreal-split-season-mlb-1.32658518">https://www.newsday.com/sports/baseball/tampa-bay-rays-montreal-split-season-mlb-1.32658518</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/cfl-still-loved-by-canadians-older-people-more-than-others-survey-1.2853721">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/cfl-still-loved-by-canadians-older-people-more-than-others-survey-1.2853721</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thesundayedition/the-sunday-edition-february-11-2018-1.4528197/think-canadian-beer-is-better-than-american-beer-think-again-1.4528203">https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thesundayedition/the-sunday-edition-february-11-2018-1.4528197/think-canadian-beer-is-better-than-american-beer-think-again-1.4528203</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molson_Coors_Brewing_Company">[3]</a>Ironically, Molson's parent company is American.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_laws_of_Canada_by_province_or_territory" class="extiw" title="wp:Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory">Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Permalink/1028309966" class="extiw" title="wp:Special:Permalink/1028309966" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Special:Permalink/1028309966">Special:Permalink/1028309966</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arguably <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-627-m/11-627-m2020014-eng.htm">the opposite</a> has occured.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCAKCN0PV26H20150721?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0">Ottawa, the city fun forgot, tops on infidelity website</a> ( Tue Jul 21, 2015 3:30pm EDT) <i>Reuters</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadaonline.about.com/od/history/a/namecanada.htm">How Canada Got Its Name</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cbc.ca/archives/topic/the-somalia-affair">https://www.cbc.ca/archives/topic/the-somalia-affair</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MytnnXo5CCo">Is Canada keeping its peacekeeping promise?</a>. The National. CBC. March 16, 2018. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/most/default.asp">MOST-A tiny satellite probes the mysteries of the universe</a>. Canadian Space Agency. June 9, 2010. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/behindscenes/rms_anniversary.html">https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/behindscenes/rms_anniversary.html</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.diabetes.co.uk/about-insulin.html">http://www.diabetes.co.uk/about-insulin.html</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/22/health/ebola-vaccine.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/22/health/ebola-vaccine.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/science-attitudes-survey-2017-1.4298800">Canadians are confused about science vs. opinion, poll suggests</a>. CBC News. September 20, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://twitter.com/timhortons/status/1052334566000812032">https://twitter.com/timhortons/status/1052334566000812032</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Provinces_and_Territories_of_Canada-navigationbox" class="toccolours" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em 3.5%; text-align:center;"> <div style="margin:0.15em; padding:0.1em; background:#ccccff; font-weight:bold;"><span id="Provinces_and_Territories_of_Canada-navigationbox">Provinces and Territories of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a></span> </div> <div class="hlist" style="font-size: 90%; margin: 0.15em 1.425em;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> — <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> — <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> — <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> — <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> — <a href="/wiki/Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> — <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yukon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yukon (page does not exist)">Yukon</a></div> </div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Nations_of_the_world-navigationbox" class="toccolours" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em 3.5%; text-align:center;"> <div style="margin:0.15em; padding:0.1em; background:#ccccff; font-weight:bold;"><span id="Nations_of_the_world-navigationbox"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nations</a> of the world</span> </div> <div class="hlist" style="font-size: 90%; margin: 0.15em 1.425em;"><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><b>Africa</b></a>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> — <a href="/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini">eSwatini</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> — <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> — <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> <p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><b>Asia</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> — <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> — <a href="/wiki/Burma" title="Burma">Burma</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> — <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> — <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> — <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> — <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> — <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> — <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> — <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> — <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> — <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> — <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> — <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><b>Europe</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> — <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia">Czechia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> — <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> — <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> — <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> — <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> — <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> — <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> — <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> — <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> — <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> — <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> — <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><b>North America</b></a>:</big></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a> — <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> — <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> — <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> — <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> — <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>) <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><b>Oceania</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> — <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><b>South America</b></a>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> — <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui" title="Rapa Nui">Rapa Nui</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands"><small>Malvinas</small></a>)— <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><b>Separatist or disputed</b>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> —<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Micronation" title="Micronation">Micronation</a> — <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealand">Sealand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> — <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </p> <span style="float:left;"><big><b>Historical</b>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> — <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> — <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Imperial_China" title="Imperial China">Imperial China</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" title="Kingdom of Hawaiʻi">Kingdom of Hawaiʻi</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> — <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by apache5 Cached time: 20250411020244 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 1.105 seconds Real time usage: 3.222 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3084/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 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