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Agriculture in Poland - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of farming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Import/Export_proportions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Import/Export_proportions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Import/Export proportions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Import/Export_proportions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization_under_state_planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_under_state_planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organization under state planning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization_under_state_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_and_state_farms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_and_state_farms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Private and state farms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_and_state_farms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postcommunist_restructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postcommunist_restructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Postcommunist restructuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postcommunist_restructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_agriculture_and_EU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_agriculture_and_EU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Polish agriculture and EU</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_agriculture_and_EU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pests</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pests subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_pest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_pest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>By pest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_pest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fusarium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fusarium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span><i>Fusarium</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fusarium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mycobacterium_bovis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mycobacterium_bovis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span><i>Mycobacterium bovis</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mycobacterium_bovis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_host" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_host"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>By host</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_host-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wheat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Wheat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rusts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1.1</span> <span>Rusts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black/Stem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black/Stem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1.1.1</span> <span>Black/Stem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black/Stem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheat_brown/Brown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheat_brown/Brown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1.1.2</span> <span>Wheat brown/Brown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheat_brown/Brown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yellow/Stripe/Yellow_stripe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yellow/Stripe/Yellow_stripe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1.1.3</span> <span>Yellow/Stripe/Yellow stripe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yellow/Stripe/Yellow_stripe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>By year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Inspection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Poland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Agriculture en Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolnictwo_w_Polsce" title="Rolnictwo w Polsce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rolnictwo w Polsce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Сельское хозяйство Польши – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сельское хозяйство Польши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of agriculture in Poland</div> <p><b>Poland's agricultural sector</b> is vital for European and Global market because it produces a variety of agricultural, horticultural and animal origin products. The surface area of agricultural land in Poland is 15.4 million ha, which constitutes nearly 50% of the total area of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agriculture in Poland has always been an important part of the country's economy. Out of the 18.727&#160;million hectares (46.28&#160;million acres) of agricultural land (about 60 percent of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland's</a> total area), 14.413&#160;million hectares (35.62&#160;million acres) were used for <a href="/wiki/Crop" title="Crop">crop</a> cultivation, 265&#160;thousand hectares (650&#160;thousand acres) for <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchards</a>, and about 4,048,500 hectares (10,004,000 acres) for meadows and <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pastures</a> in 1989. In most areas, the soil and climatic conditions supported a mixed type of farming. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poland produced in 2018: </p> <ul><li>14.3&#160;million metric tons (15.8&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a> (6th largest producer in the world), which serves to produce <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>;</li> <li>9.8&#160;million metric tons (10.8&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> (17th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>7.4&#160;million metric tons (8.2&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> (9th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>4&#160;million metric tons (4.4&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Triticale" title="Triticale">triticale</a> (largest producer in the world);</li> <li>4&#160;million metric tons (4.4&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a> (3rd largest producer in the world, behind China and USA);</li> <li>3.8&#160;million metric tons (4.2&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize/corn</a>;</li> <li>3&#160;million metric tons (3.3&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> (14th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>2.2&#160;million metric tons (2.4&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed</a> (8th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>2.1&#160;million metric tons (2.3&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> (2nd largest producer in the world, just behind Germany);</li> <li>1.1&#160;million metric tons (1.2&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a> (5th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>985,000 metric tons (1.086&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>;</li> <li>928,000 metric tons (1.023&#160;million short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Tomatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomatoes">tomatoes</a>;</li> <li>726,000 metric tons (800,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrot</a>;</li> <li>562,000 metric tons (619,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>;</li> <li>538,000 metric tons (593,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>;</li> <li>292,000 metric tons (322,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>;</li> <li>205,000 metric tons (226,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a> (7th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>200,000 metric tons (220,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushroom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">truffle</a>;</li> <li>167,000 metric tons (184,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">pepper</a>;</li> <li>164,000 metric tons (181,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Ribes" title="Ribes">currant</a> (2nd largest producer in the world);</li> <li>122,000 metric tons (134,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Lupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupin">lupin</a>;</li> <li>121,000 metric tons (133,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a>;</li> <li>115,000 metric tons (127,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberry</a> (4th largest producer in the world);</li> <li>60,000 metric tons (66,000 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a> (11th largest producer in the world);</li></ul> <p>In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_farming">Types of farming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Types of farming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989 Poland was the second-largest producer of rye and potatoes in the world. The latter were used as vegetables, as fodder for pigs, and in the production of industrial starch and alcohol. The country occupied sixth place in the world in sugar-beet, milk, and pig production. The quantity and quality of agricultural land ensured self-sufficiency and made considerable quantities of various agricultural products and processed foodstuffs available for export. </p><p>In 1990 grain production dominated Polish agriculture: the highest yields came from: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a></li></ul> <p>Other major crops included <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fodder_crop" class="mw-redirect" title="Fodder crop">fodder crops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a>, tobacco, and fruits. Cultivation of corn (<a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>) expanded during the 1980s but remained limited. The northern and east-central regions of the country mainly offered poorer sandy soils suitable for rye and potatoes. </p><p>The richer soils of the central and southern parts of the country, excluding those at higher elevations, made those regions the centers of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>, hops, and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> production. The more accessible land at higher elevations was used to cultivate oats or was left as meadow and pastureland. In 1989 almost half of Poland's arable land was used for the cultivation of the four major grains, another 13 percent grew potatoes, All regions of Poland raised dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs and poultry, and cultivated fruit, usually as an integral part of mixed farming. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Import/Export_proportions"><span id="Import.2FExport_proportions"></span>Import/Export proportions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Import/Export proportions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990 Poland exported 26 percent of the bacon it produced, as well as 63 percent of the ham, 16 percent of the tinned meat, 10 percent of the poultry, 17 percent of the sugar, and 67 percent of the frozen fruits and vegetables.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_under_state_planning">Organization under state planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Organization under state planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning with de-collectivization in 1956, Poland was the only member of <a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a> where the private sector predominated in agriculture. The state maintained indirect control, however, through the state agencies that distributed needed input materials and purchased agricultural produce. Compulsory delivery <a href="/wiki/Production_quota" title="Production quota">quotas</a> were maintained for farms until the beginning of the 1970s. The state also retained significant influence on the process of cultivation, restrictions on the size of farms, and limitations on the buying and selling of land. Until the beginning of the 1980s, the allocation system for fertilizers, machines, building materials, fuels, and other inputs discriminated severely against private farmers. As a result of these policies, private farms remained inefficiently small and labor-intensive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Private_and_state_farms">Private and state farms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Private and state farms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1987 about 2.7 million private farms were in operation. About 57 percent of these were smaller than 5 hectares (12 acres). Of the remaining farms, 25 percent were between 5 and 15 hectares (12 and 37 acres) and 11 percent were between 10 and 15 hectares (25 and 37 acres). Only 7 percent of private farms were larger than 15 hectares (37 acres). Whereas the majority of the private farms were below optimum size, the majority of state farms were excessively large. Only 12 percent of the latter farms were below 200 hectares (494 acres), and 60 percent were larger than 1,000 hectares (2,471 acres). </p><p>In 1989 the private sector cultivated 76.2 percent of arable land and provided 79 percent of gross agricultural production. State farms, the main institutional form in state ownership, cultivated 18.8 percent of the total arable land and produced 17.0 percent of gross output. Cooperative farms, the dominant form of state agricultural organization in other East European economies, were not important in Poland. In 1989 they cultivated only 3.8 percent of arable land and contributed 3.9 percent of gross production. </p><p>In the 1980s, grain yields and meat output per hectare/per acre were higher in the socialist sector than in the private sector. An important factor in this difference was the more intensive use of <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> in state farms. On the other hand, the milk yield per cow was higher in the private sector. From the standpoint of overall performance, the private sector was less material and capital-intensive, and gross production per hectare/acre and the value of product per unit of cost were higher in that sector. Besides being more efficient, private farms were also more flexible in adjusting production to obtain a higher product value. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postcommunist_restructuring">Postcommunist restructuring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Postcommunist restructuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the predominance of private farms in communist Poland, privatization of agriculture was not a major necessity during the reform period, as it was in the other postcommunist countries. Excessively large state farms were to be split into more efficient units and sold; some state farms would be converted into modern agrobusinesses operating as limited stock companies; and a certain number were to be retained as state experimental farms. In all cases, however, rapid modernization and improvement in <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">agrotechnology</a> were urgent requirements. </p><p>The streamlining of agriculture faced serious obstacles in the early 1990s, notably because of the existing agrarian structure. Private farm size had to increase to provide farmers a satisfactory level of income and investment. Drastic reduction in the agricultural labor force was also needed. Because unemployment outside agriculture rose in 1991 and 1992, however, only gradual reductions were possible. A satisfactory <a href="/wiki/Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">social safety net</a> and retraining programs for displaced agricultural workers were prerequisites for further reductions in labor. Experts estimated that unemployment on former state farms would reach 70 to 80 percent, meaning about 400,000 lost jobs, once the farms were privatized and streamlined. </p><p>Considerable investment is needed to provide adequate agricultural infrastructure, including road improvement, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a>, housing, and amenities. Especially important is establishment of a well-developed, competitive network of suppliers of materials and equipment necessary for modern agricultural production. Equally necessary are commercial firms to purchase agricultural products and provide transportation and storage facilities. In particular, expansion and modernization of the <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food-processing industry</a> are necessary to strengthen and stabilize demand for agricultural products. The first postcommunist governments prepared agricultural modernization programs, and some financial help was obtained from the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and Western governments for this purpose. Modernization was expected to require several decades, however. </p><p>By 1992 nearly all the 3,000 remaining state farms had substantial unpaid bank loans and other liabilities. For this reason, and because the government had not devised usable privatization plans at that point, the Farm Ownership Agency of the State Treasury was authorized to take over all the state farms in 1992. The agency was authorized to lease state farm lands to either Polish or foreign renters, as a temporary measure to ensure continued productivity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polish_agriculture_and_EU">Polish agriculture and EU</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Polish agriculture and EU"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a></div><p>Poland as part of the European Union is subject to the CAP. Poland is one of the countries with the most subsidy-efficient farms<sup id="cite_ref-capreform.eu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capreform.eu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and least reliant on them for investment.<sup id="cite_ref-capreform.eu_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capreform.eu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Poland#Agricultural_insecurities" title="Climate change in Poland">Climate change in Poland § Agricultural insecurities</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Poland&amp;action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>The agricultural sector in Poland is of high economic and social importance. Compared to other countries in Europe, Poland has the highest number of inhabitants who are professionally active in agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agriculture is heavily affected by climatic conditions, especially increases in temperature and changes in precipitation and weather extremes, such as drought and heavy precipitation. Global warming is predicted to lead to improved thermal agricultural conditions and accelerated sowing and harvest conditions in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> Seasonal thermal variabilities depend on the future time horizon and warming scenario. Unstable weather, floods and droughts involve several agricultural insecurities. Droughts and heavy rainfall will affect crop growth, cause soil moisture anomalies and crop failure.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Qualitative and quantitative changes in soil moisture are likely to affect spring cereals, leading to decreased potato and maize yield.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Increased temperatures accompanied with extreme weather events involve higher vulnerability to <a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">water scarcity</a> and agricultural insecurity, as "adapting crops to climate change can be difficult and uncertain".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Periods of drought and extreme winds further imply increased risk of forest fires and wildfires, biodiversity loss, and losses of forest stands.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pests">Pests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_pest">By pest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: By pest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fusarium"><i>Fusarium</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Fusarium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_Microbial_Culture_Collection&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg Microbial Culture Collection (page does not exist)">Luxembourg Microbial Culture Collection</a>'s European Fusarium Database has information on <i><a href="/wiki/Fusarium" title="Fusarium">Fusarium</a></i> spp. found in the country by sample date, species, <a href="/wiki/Chemotype" title="Chemotype">chemotype</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">host</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Crop_rotation" title="Crop rotation">previous crop</a> if known).<sup id="cite_ref-LuxMCC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuxMCC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pasquali-et-al-2016_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pasquali-et-al-2016-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mycobacterium_bovis"><i>Mycobacterium bovis</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Mycobacterium bovis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Krajewska-Wędzina <i>et al.</i>, 2020 developed an <a href="/wiki/Assay" title="Assay">assay</a> to diagnose an <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_bovis" title="Mycobacterium bovis">M. bovis</a></i> outbreak in <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpacas</a> in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Wedzina-et-al-2020-bundle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wedzina-et-al-2020-bundle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They also were first to show that alpacas counterattack <i>M. bovis</i> earlier than most hosts, even though the response is not always ultimately successful and <i>M. bovis</i> may still be fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-Wedzina-et-al-2020-bundle_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wedzina-et-al-2020-bundle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This is believed to generalise to all <a href="/wiki/Camelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelid">camelids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wedzina-et-al-2020-bundle_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wedzina-et-al-2020-bundle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_host">By host</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: By host"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Wheat_rust"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wheat">Wheat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Wheat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Rusts">Rusts</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Rusts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">Epidemics</a> are a normal occurrence, along with the rest of Europe. From 1925 to October '65 losses were 14% across the whole country, or 360&#160;thousand metric tons (400&#160;thousand short tons) per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Black_rust"></span><span class="anchor" id="Stem_rust"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Black/Stem"><span id="Black.2FStem"></span>Black/Stem</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Black/Stem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusts cannot <a href="/wiki/Overwinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Overwinter">overwinter</a> in the country due to the climate. In the epidemics of the 1960s the source of overwintering <a href="/wiki/Propagule" title="Propagule">inoculum</a> was believed to be in the <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Plain" title="Wallachian Plain">plains of the lower Danube</a>, carried on the wind through Poland and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> as the year went on, and into <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Wheat_brown_rust"></span><span class="anchor" id="Brown_rust"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Wheat_brown/Brown"><span id="Wheat_brown.2FBrown"></span>Wheat brown/Brown</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Wheat brown/Brown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source of the <a href="/wiki/Wheat_leaf_rust" title="Wheat leaf rust">wheat leaf rust</a>/wheat brown rust '58, '59, '61 epidemics unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Yellow_rust"></span><span class="anchor" id="Stripe_rust"></span><span class="anchor" id="Yellow_stripe_rust"></span><span class="anchor" id="Strip_rust"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Yellow/Stripe/Yellow_stripe"><span id="Yellow.2FStripe.2FYellow_stripe"></span>Yellow/Stripe/Yellow stripe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Yellow/Stripe/Yellow stripe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The '61 epidemic was part of a larger European epidemic, and was due to favorable weather inducing localised buildup and transmission, not long distance transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_year">By year</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: By year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1932: Severe <a href="/wiki/Stem_rust" title="Stem rust">black rust</a> epidemic originating from the south and southeast. Some <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Poland" title="Regions of Poland">regions</a> suffered 5%, and some local areas as high as 100%.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1958: Mild epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Wheat_leaf_rust" title="Wheat leaf rust">brown rust</a>. Losses between 30-50% for some regions, but only 2% for Poland overall.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1959: Mild epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Wheat_leaf_rust" title="Wheat leaf rust">brown rust</a>. Losses between 30-50% for some regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961: Mild epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Wheat_leaf_rust" title="Wheat leaf rust">brown rust</a>. Generalized European epidemic of Yellow Rust, including this country.<sup id="cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspection">Inspection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Inspection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 February 2022 the Chief Inspector (GIORiN) ordered<sup id="cite_ref-PIORIN_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIORIN-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Inspectorate_of_Plant_Health_and_Seed_Inspection&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection (page does not exist)">Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwowa_Inspekcja_Ochrony_Ro%C5%9Blin_i_Nasiennictwa" class="extiw" title="pl:Państwowa Inspekcja Ochrony Roślin i Nasiennictwa">pl</a>&#93;</span> (PIORiN) to indefinitely suspend <a href="/wiki/Phytosanitary_inspection" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosanitary inspection">some inspections</a>. Until further notice the GIORiN ordered no inspections or <a href="/wiki/Phytosanitary_certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosanitary certificate">phytosanitary certificates</a> be required at the <a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Poland–Ukraine border">Poland–Ukraine border</a> for foods which are: </p> <ul><li>Small in quantity</li> <li>For personal consumption</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based</a></li></ul> <p>Additionally the GIORiN ordered that any problems with this policy be resolved as quickly as possible and requested the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> implement the same policy at all parts of the <a href="/wiki/External_border_of_the_European_Union" title="External border of the European Union">EU border</a> with Ukraine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivization in Poland">Collectivization in Poland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Poland&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eaap2015.syskonf.pl/agriculture">"Agriculture in Poland &#124; EAAP"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Agriculture+in+Poland+%26%23124%3B+EAAP&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feaap2015.syskonf.pl%2Fagriculture&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/">Poland production in 2018, by FAO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-capreform.eu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capreform.eu_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capreform.eu_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capreform.eu/fadn-data-highlights-dependence-of-eu-farms-on-subsidy-payments/">"FADN data highlights dependence of EU farms on subsidy payments"</a>. 12 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FADN+data+highlights+dependence+of+EU+farms+on+subsidy+payments&amp;rft.date=2014-11-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcapreform.eu%2Ffadn-data-highlights-dependence-of-eu-farms-on-subsidy-payments%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_Acta-Geophys_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKundzewiczPiniewskiMezghaniOkruszko2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.; Piniewski, Mikołaj; Mezghani, Abdelkader; Okruszko, Tomasz; Pińskwar, Iwona; Kardel, Ignacy; Hov, Øystein; Szcześniak, Mateusz; Szwed, Małgorzata; Benestad, Rasmus E.; Marcinkowski, Paweł; Graczyk, Dariusz; Dobler, Andreas; Førland, Eirik J.; o'Keefe, Joanna; Choryński, Adam; Parding, Kajsa M.; Haugen, Jan Erik (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11600-018-0220-4">"Assessment of climate change and associated impact on selected sectors in Poland"</a>. <i>Acta Geophysica</i>. <b>66</b> (6): 1509–1523. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11600-018-0220-4">10.1007/s11600-018-0220-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:88508076">88508076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Acta+Geophysica&amp;rft.atitle=Assessment+of+climate+change+and+associated+impact+on+selected+sectors+in+Poland&amp;rft.volume=66&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1509-1523&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11600-018-0220-4&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A88508076%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Kundzewicz&amp;rft.aufirst=Zbigniew+W.&amp;rft.au=Piniewski%2C+Miko%C5%82aj&amp;rft.au=Mezghani%2C+Abdelkader&amp;rft.au=Okruszko%2C+Tomasz&amp;rft.au=Pi%C5%84skwar%2C+Iwona&amp;rft.au=Kardel%2C+Ignacy&amp;rft.au=Hov%2C+%C3%98ystein&amp;rft.au=Szcze%C5%9Bniak%2C+Mateusz&amp;rft.au=Szwed%2C+Ma%C5%82gorzata&amp;rft.au=Benestad%2C+Rasmus+E.&amp;rft.au=Marcinkowski%2C+Pawe%C5%82&amp;rft.au=Graczyk%2C+Dariusz&amp;rft.au=Dobler%2C+Andreas&amp;rft.au=F%C3%B8rland%2C+Eirik+J.&amp;rft.au=o%27Keefe%2C+Joanna&amp;rft.au=Chory%C5%84ski%2C+Adam&amp;rft.au=Parding%2C+Kajsa+M.&amp;rft.au=Haugen%2C+Jan+Erik&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11600-018-0220-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/8193245_poland-br3-nc7-1-nc7-br3_poland.pdf">"Polands seventh national communication and third biennial report under the UNFCCC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Polands+seventh+national+communication+and+third+biennial+report+under+the+UNFCCC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Ffiles%2Fnational_reports%2Fnon-annex_i_parties%2Fbiennial_update_reports%2Fapplication%2Fpdf%2F8193245_poland-br3-nc7-1-nc7-br3_poland.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clientearth.org/latest/latest-updates/news/how-does-climate-change-affect-poland/">"How does climate change affect Poland?"</a>. <i>www.clientearth.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.clientearth.org&amp;rft.atitle=How+does+climate+change+affect+Poland%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clientearth.org%2Flatest%2Flatest-updates%2Fnews%2Fhow-does-climate-change-affect-poland%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Poland_auto4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Poland_Report-NC8_BR5_27dec2022%20%281%29.pdf">"Polands 8th national communication and 5th biennial report under the UNFCCC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Polands+8th+national+communication+and+5th+biennial+report+under+the+UNFCCC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresource%2FPoland_Report-NC8_BR5_27dec2022%2520%25281%2529.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LuxMCC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LuxMCC_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogueeu.luxmcc.lu/datasets/">"LuxMCC&#160;: European Fusarium Database"</a>. <i>European Fusarium Database</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_Microbial_Culture_Collection&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg Microbial Culture Collection (page does not exist)">Luxembourg Microbial Culture Collection</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Fusarium+Database&amp;rft.atitle=LuxMCC+%3A+European+Fusarium+Database&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalogueeu.luxmcc.lu%2Fdatasets%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pasquali-et-al-2016-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pasquali-et-al-2016_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasqualiBeyerLogriecoAudenaert2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pasquali, Matias; Beyer, Marco; Logrieco, Antonio; Audenaert, Kris; Balmas, Virgilio; Basler, Ryan; Boutigny, Anne-Laure; Chrpová, Jana; Czembor, Elżbieta; Gagkaeva, Tatiana; González-Jaén, María T.; Hofgaard, Ingerd S.; Köycü, Nagehan D.; Hoffmann, Lucien; Lević, Jelena; Marin, Patricia; Miedaner, Thomas; Migheli, Quirico; Moretti, Antonio; Müller, Marina E. 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(2020-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Ftbed.13471">"Transboundary tuberculosis: Importation of alpacas infected with <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> from the United Kingdom to Poland and potential for serodiagnostic assays in detecting tuberculin skin test false-negative animals"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transboundary_and_Emerging_Diseases&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (page does not exist)">Transboundary and Emerging Diseases</a></i>. <b>67</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>: 1306–1314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Ftbed.13471">10.1111/tbed.13471</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1865-1674">1865-1674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transboundary+and+Emerging+Diseases&amp;rft.atitle=Transboundary+tuberculosis%3A+Importation+of+alpacas+infected+with+Mycobacterium+bovis+from+the+United+Kingdom+to+Poland+and+potential+for+serodiagnostic+assays+in+detecting+tuberculin+skin+test+false-negative+animals&amp;rft.volume=67&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=1306-1314&amp;rft.date=2020-02-04&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Ftbed.13471&amp;rft.issn=1865-1674&amp;rft.aulast=Krajewska-W%C4%99dzina&amp;rft.aufirst=Monika&amp;rft.au=Didkowska%2C+Anna&amp;rft.au=Sridhara%2C+Archana+A.&amp;rft.au=Elahi%2C+Rubyat&amp;rft.au=Johnathan-Lee%2C+Ashley&amp;rft.au=Radulski%2C+%C5%81ukasz&amp;rft.au=Lipiec%2C+Marek&amp;rft.au=Anusz%2C+Krzysztof&amp;rft.au=Lyashchenko%2C+Konstantin+P.&amp;rft.au=Miller%2C+Michele+A.&amp;rft.au=Waters%2C+Wade+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Ftbed.13471&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernitzKerrGoosenChileshe2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bernitz, Netanya; Kerr, Tanya J.; Goosen, Wynand J.; Chileshe, Josephine; Higgitt, Roxanne L.; Roos, Eduard O.; Meiring, Christina; Gumbo, Rachiel; de Waal, Candice; Clarke, Charlene; Smith, Katrin; Goldswain, Samantha; Sylvester, Taschnica T.; Kleynhans, Léanie; Dippenaar, Anzaan; Buss, Peter E.; Cooper, David V.; Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.; Warren, Robin M.; van Helden, Paul D.; Parsons, Sven D. 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(2021-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7876456">"Review of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection in South African Wildlife"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frontiers_in_Veterinary_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontiers in Veterinary Science">Frontiers in Veterinary Science</a></i>. <b>8</b>. <a href="/wiki/Frontiers_Media" title="Frontiers Media">Frontiers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffvets.2021.588697">10.3389/fvets.2021.588697</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2297-1769">2297-1769</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7876456">7876456</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Veterinary+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Review+of+Diagnostic+Tests+for+Detection+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+Infection+in+South+African+Wildlife&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.date=2021-01-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7876456%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=2297-1769&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffvets.2021.588697&amp;rft.aulast=Bernitz&amp;rft.aufirst=Netanya&amp;rft.au=Kerr%2C+Tanya+J.&amp;rft.au=Goosen%2C+Wynand+J.&amp;rft.au=Chileshe%2C+Josephine&amp;rft.au=Higgitt%2C+Roxanne+L.&amp;rft.au=Roos%2C+Eduard+O.&amp;rft.au=Meiring%2C+Christina&amp;rft.au=Gumbo%2C+Rachiel&amp;rft.au=de+Waal%2C+Candice&amp;rft.au=Clarke%2C+Charlene&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Katrin&amp;rft.au=Goldswain%2C+Samantha&amp;rft.au=Sylvester%2C+Taschnica+T.&amp;rft.au=Kleynhans%2C+L%C3%A9anie&amp;rft.au=Dippenaar%2C+Anzaan&amp;rft.au=Buss%2C+Peter+E.&amp;rft.au=Cooper%2C+David+V.&amp;rft.au=Lyashchenko%2C+Konstantin+P.&amp;rft.au=Warren%2C+Robin+M.&amp;rft.au=van+Helden%2C+Paul+D.&amp;rft.au=Parsons%2C+Sven+D.+C.&amp;rft.au=Miller%2C+Michele+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7876456&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zadoks-1965-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zadoks-1965_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZadoks1965" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zadoks" title="Jan Zadoks">Zadoks, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Main+Inspectorate+of+Plant+Health+and+Seed+Inspection%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bpl%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E+%28PIORiN%29&amp;rft.atitle=DZIA%C5%81ANIA+PIORIN+W+ZWI%C4%84ZKU+Z+KONFLIKTEM+ZBROJNYM+NA+UKRAINIE&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpiorin.gov.pl%2Fgi-aktualnosci%2Fdzialania-piorin-w-zwiazku-z-konfliktem-zbrojnym-na-ukrainie%2C499.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Country+Studies&amp;rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcollections%2Fcountry-studies%2Fabout-this-collection%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgriculture+in+Poland" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/poland/">Country studies</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Poland_topics" title="Template:Poland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poland_topics" title="Template talk:Poland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>&#160;articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Polish_history" title="Timeline of Polish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_and_protohistory_of_Poland" title="Prehistory and protohistory of Poland">Prehistory and protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of Poland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_monarchs" title="List of Polish monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_in_the_early_modern_period_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="History of Poland in the early modern period (1569–1795)">Early Modern <span style="font-size:85%;">(1569–1795)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Partitions, duchies and kingdoms <span style="font-size:85%;">(1795–1918)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" title="History of Poland during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1918%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Poland (1918–1939)">Interwar years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Communist Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Poland since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_Poland" title="Cultural history of Poland">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Poland" title="Demographic history of Poland">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Poland" title="Category:Economic history of Poland">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Poland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Poland">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Poland" title="Geography of Poland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Poland" title="Forests of Poland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Poland" title="List of islands of Poland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Poland" title="List of lakes of Poland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Poland" title="List of mountains in Poland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Poland" title="National Parks of Poland">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_A_and_B" title="Poland A and B">Poland A and B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Poland" title="Protected areas of Poland">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Poland" title="Regions of Poland">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Poland" title="List of rivers of Poland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Poland" title="Administrative divisions of Poland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Poland" title="Climate change in Poland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Poland" title="Corruption in Poland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Poland" title="Human rights in Poland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Poland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Poland" title="Judiciary of Poland">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Poland" title="Law of Poland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Poland" title="Law enforcement in Poland">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Poland" title="Police of Poland">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_Service_(Poland)" title="Prison Service (Poland)">Prison Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Polish_politicians" title="Lists of Polish politicians">Politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Poland" title="List of heads of state of Poland">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_prisoners_in_Poland" title="Political prisoners in Poland">Political prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland" title="Economy of Poland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcerowicz_Plan" title="Balcerowicz Plan">Balcerowicz Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Poland" title="National Bank of Poland">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_Poland" title="Category:Economic history of Poland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Poland" title="Exclusive economic zone of Poland">EEZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Poland" title="Energy in Poland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Poland" title="List of exports of Poland">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Merchant_Navy" title="Polish Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mines_in_Poland" title="List of mines in Poland">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Poland" title="Poverty in Poland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Poland_by_GDP" title="List of regions of Poland by GDP">Regional GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Stock_Exchange" title="Warsaw Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Poland" title="Tourism in Poland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Poland" title="Transport in Poland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Poland" title="Unemployment in Poland">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_Industrial_Region" title="Upper Silesian Industrial Region">Upper Silesian Industrial Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_in_Poland" title="Venture capital in Poland">Venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Złoty <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Poland" title="Category:Society of Poland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawyers_in_Poland" title="Lawyers in Poland">Lawyers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Poland" title="Culture of Poland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Poland" title="Architecture of Poland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_art" title="Polish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_wine" title="Polish wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_beliefs" title="Polish folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_dances" title="Polish folk dances">Folk dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_literature" title="Polish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Poland" title="Mass media in Poland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Poland" title="Names of Poland">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_names" title="Polish names">Polish names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_days_in_Poland" title="Name days in Poland">Name days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Poland" title="Public holidays in Poland">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Poland" title="Sport in Poland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Poland" title="Theatre of Poland">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_traditions" title="Category:Polish traditions">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Poland" title="Video games in Poland">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Poland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Poland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Poland" title="Demographics of Poland">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Poland" title="Ethnic minorities in Poland">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Poland" title="Refugees in Poland">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Poland" title="Crime in Poland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Poland" title="Education in Poland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Poland" title="Health care in Poland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Poland" title="Languages of Poland">Languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Poland" title="National symbols of Poland">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Is_Not_Yet_Lost" title="Poland Is Not Yet Lost">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland" title="Coat of arms of Poland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" title="Flag of Poland">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_flags" title="List of Polish flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Poland" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Poland">Orders and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonia_(personification)" title="Polonia (personification)">Polonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Poland" title="Outline of Poland">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poland" title="Category:Poland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poland" title="Portal:Poland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agriculture_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agriculture_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Agriculture in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Albania" title="Agriculture in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Andorra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Armenia" title="Agriculture in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Austria" title="Agriculture in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Azerbaijan" title="Agriculture in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Belarus" title="Agriculture in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bulgaria" title="Agriculture in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cyprus" title="Agriculture in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Czech_Republic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Estonia" title="Agriculture in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Finland" title="Agriculture in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Agriculture in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Germany" title="Agriculture in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Greece" title="Agriculture in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iceland" title="Agriculture in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kazakhstan" title="Agriculture in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Latvia" title="Agriculture in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Liechtenstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Lithuania" title="Agriculture in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Luxembourg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Malta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Moldova" title="Agriculture in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Monaco&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Macedonia" title="Agriculture in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Portugal" title="Agriculture in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_San_Marino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Serbia" title="Agriculture in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Spain" title="Agriculture in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Sweden" title="Agriculture in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Turkey" title="Agriculture in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Abkhazia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Kosovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Northern_Cyprus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_South_Ossetia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Transnistria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_%C3%85land&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Faroe_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Gibraltar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Guernsey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Isle_of_Man&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Jersey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Svalbard" title="Agriculture in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐7ztkk Cached time: 20241123042900 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.857 seconds Real time usage: 1.039 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13780/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 130443/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 17143/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 32/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72825/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.500/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8846584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time 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