The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer - CityU Scholars

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer - CityU Scholars | A Research Hub of Excellence</title> <meta property="og:image" content="/resources/style/gfx/logo_top.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html" /> <link rel="image_src" type="image/png" href="/resources/style/gfx/logo_top.png" /> <link rel="icon" href="/resources/style/gfx/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,300,700,600" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/style/fonts/icons/css/fontello.css?stamp=1731905518316" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/style/js/slick/slick.css?stamp=1731905518316" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/style/js/slick/slick-theme.css?stamp=1731905518316" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/style/css/main.css?stamp=1731905518316" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/scholars/portal/css/main_cu.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/dwr/engine.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/dwr/interface/PureFacade.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/style/lib/prototype.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/style/js/atira.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/style/js/atira_chart.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/dwr/interface/GraphFacade.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create', 'UA-11187669-7', { 'cookieDomain': document.location.hostname });ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);ga('send', 'pageview');</script> <meta name="citation_title" content="The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Justin Guinney" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Rodrigo Dienstmann" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Xin Wang" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Biomedical Sciences" /><meta name="citation_author_email" content="xwang484@cityu.edu.hk" /><meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0000-0002-5122-2418" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Aurelien de Reynies" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Andreas Schlicker" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Charlotte Soneson" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Laetitia Marisa" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Paul Roepman" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Gift Nyamundanda" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Paolo Angelino" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Brian M. 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<a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk"> <img src="https://template.cityu.edu.hk/template/v2/logo/CityU/CityU_Vertical_Logo_CMYK.svg" alt="City University of Hong Kong"></img> </a> </div> <div id="cityu-mobile-cityulogo-xs"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk"> <img src="https://template.cityu.edu.hk/template/v2/logo/CityU/CityU_Vertical_Logo_CMYK.svg" alt="City University of Hong Kong"></img> </a> </div> <div id="cityu-header-deptnames"> <div class="cityu-wrapper"> <div id="cityu-header-deptname"> <a href="/">CityU Scholars</a> </div> <div id="cityu-header-parentname" class="red right"> A Research Hub of Excellence </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="menuwrapper"> <div class="wrapper"> <span class="burger"> <span class="burger-bars"></span> </span> <ul class="menu"> <li><a class="portal_link" href="/en/"><span> Home </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/search.html?affiliationStatus=current&employmentStatus=staff"><span> Researchers </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/organisations/search.html"><span> Research Units </span></a> </li> <li class="selected"><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/search.html"><span> Research Output </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/projects/search.html"><span> Projects </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/activities/search.html"><span> Activities </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/prizes/search.html"><span> Prizes/Honours </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/theses/search.html"><span> Student Theses </span></a> </li> <li><a class="portal_link" 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class="type_classification_parent">Journal Publications and Reviews<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div> <div class="tabs-container"> <ul class="clear"> <li class="selected"><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html"><span>Overview</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pub-full"> <div class="pub-top"> <div class="view-box scopus"> <span class="number">3481</span> <span>Scopus Citations</span> </div> <div class="view-box viewall-scopus"> <a target="_blank" class="view_all_scopus_button" href="https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946571753&origin=recordpage"> Scopus Metrics </a> </div> <div class="view-box almetric"> <script type="text/javascript" src="//d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js"></script> <div class="altmetric-embed pure_altmetric_component" data-badge-type="2" data-badge-popover="left" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-link-target="true" data-doi="10.1038/nm.3967"></div> </div> <div class="graph_viewer"> <div class="graph"><a class="portal_graphviewer_button" href="javascript:void(0);" id="j_id-222676425_40f6ca2e"><span>View graph of relations</span></a> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <i class="icon-network"></i> </div> </div> <div class="addthis"> <div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox"></div> </div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Author(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_associatesauthorsclassifiedsummarizedlistportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_associatesauthorsclassifiedsummarizedlistportal rendering_contributiontojournal_associatesauthorsclassifiedsummarizedlistportal"><ul class="relations persons"><li><a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/xin-wang(4bddd273-710d-49c5-8f73-2b2ec01c82ad).html" class="link person"><span>Xin Wang</span></a></li><li><a onclick="$(this).up('ul').next('ul').toggleClassName('common_hidden');return false;" href="#" class="all link"><span>And 39 others</span></a></li></ul><ul class="relations persons common_hidden associates_authors_full_list"><li class="external">Justin Guinney</li><li class="external">Rodrigo Dienstmann</li><li class="external">Aurelien de Reynies</li><li class="external">Andreas Schlicker</li><li class="external">Charlotte Soneson</li><li class="external">Laetitia Marisa</li><li class="external">Paul Roepman</li><li class="external">Gift Nyamundanda</li><li class="external">Paolo Angelino</li><li class="external">Brian M. Bot</li><li class="external">Jeffrey S. Morris</li><li class="external">Iris M. Simon</li><li class="external">Sarah Gerster</li><li class="external">Evelyn Fessler</li><li class="external">Felipe De Sousa E. Melo</li><li class="external">Edoardo Missiaglia</li><li class="external">Hena Ramay</li><li class="external">David Barras</li><li class="external">Krisztian Homicsko</li><li class="external">Dipen Maru</li><li class="external">Ganiraju C. Manyam</li><li class="external">Bradley Broom</li><li class="external">Valerie Boige</li><li class="external">Beatriz Perez-Villamil</li><li class="external">Ted Laderas</li><li class="external">Ramon Salazar</li><li class="external">Joe W. Gray</li><li class="external">Douglas Hanahan</li><li class="external">Josep Tabernero</li><li class="external">Rene Bernards</li><li class="external">Stephen H. Friend</li><li class="external">Pierre Laurent-Puig</li><li class="external">Jan Paul Medema</li><li class="external">Anguraj Sadanandam</li><li class="external">Lodewyk Wessels</li><li class="external">Mauro Delorenzi</li><li class="external">Scott Kopetz</li><li class="external">Louis Vermeulen</li><li class="external">Sabine Tejpar</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Related Research Unit(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_associatesorganisationsportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_associatesorganisationsportal rendering_contributiontojournal_associatesorganisationsportal"><ul class="relations organisations"><li class="a"><a rel="Organisation" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/organisations/department-of-biomedical-sciences(7f082170-95c7-47b9-b02b-8eaecd285c60).html" class="link"><span>Department of Biomedical Sciences</span></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Detail(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_detailsportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_detailsportal rendering_contributiontojournal_detailsportal"><div class="article"><table class="properties"><tbody><tr class="language"><th scope="row">Original language</th><td>English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pages (from-to)</th><td>1350-1356</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Journal / Publication</th><td><a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nature-medicine(914b4820-50b9-443f-9082-213d8a1810c2)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nature Medicine</span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Volume</th><td>21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Issue number</th><td>11</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Online published</th><td><span class="date">12 Oct 2015</span></td></tr><tr class="status"><th scope="row">Publication status</th><td><span class="prefix">Published - </span><span class="date">2015</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Link(s)</h2> <table class="properties pub-links"> <tr> <th>DOI</th> <td><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_versioneddoiextensionportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_versioneddoiextensionportal rendering_contributiontojournal_versioneddoiextensionportal"><h2 class="subheader">DOI</h3><ul class="relations links digital_object_identifiers"><li class="embargo_date_ended available unknown "><a onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967" class="link"><span>https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967</span></a> <p class="dimmed">Final Published version</p></li></ul></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td> <span class="sfx-button" title="Check@CityULib"> <a href="https://julac.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_tim=2024-11-23T20%3A12%3A21HKT&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2FencUTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Fkev%3Afmt%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2F%3Apure&rft.atitle=The%20consensus%20molecular%20subtypes%20of%20colorectal%20cancer&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnm.3967&rft.aulast=Guinney&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.auinit=J&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=11&rft.issn=1078-8956&rft.jtitle=Nature%20Medicine&rft.pages=1350-1356&institution=CUH_ALMA&vid=CUH" target="_blank"> Check@CityULib </a> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Link to Scopus</th> <td><a target="_blank" class="scopus-link-pub" href="https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946571753&origin=recordpage"> https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946571753&origin=recordpage </a></td> </tr> <tr class="permanent_link"> <th>Permanent Link</th> <td> <a href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/publication(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html">https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/publication(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Abstract</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_customabstractportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_customabstractportal rendering_contributiontojournal_customabstractportal"><div class="textblock">Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently lethal disease with heterogeneous outcomes and drug responses. To resolve inconsistencies among the reported gene expression–based CRC classifications and facilitate clinical translation, we formed an international consortium dedicated to large-scale data sharing and analytics across expert groups. We show marked interconnectivity between six independent classification systems coalescing into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) with distinguishing features: CMS1 (microsatellite instability immune, 14%), hypermutated, microsatellite unstable and strong immune activation; CMS2 (canonical, 37%), epithelial, marked WNT and MYC signaling activation; CMS3 (metabolic, 13%), epithelial and evident metabolic dysregulation; and CMS4 (mesenchymal, 23%), prominent transforming growth factor– activation, stromal invasion and angiogenesis. Samples with mixed features (13%) possibly represent a transition phenotype or intratumoral heterogeneity. We consider the CMS groups the most robust classification system currently available for CRC—with clear biological interpretability—and the basis for future clinical stratification and subtype-based targeted interventions.</div></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Research Area(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_keywordable rendering_keywordgroupsexcludecopyright rendering_keywordable_keywordgroupsexcludecopyright"><div class="sustainabledevelopmentgoals"><ul class="relations keywords"><li><strong><a href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/browse.html?uri=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fsustainabledevelopmentgoals%2Fgood_health_and_well_being&logicalname=sustainabledevelopmentgoals" class="link"><span>SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being</span></a></strong></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="publication_related_concepts"> <div class="view_preview_panel"><script type="text/javascript" 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class="view-box citations"> <h2 class="subheader">Citation Format(s)</h2> <div class="tabs-container citations clear"> <ul class="citations"> <li class="selected"><a href="#">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="#">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="#">APA</a></li> <li><a href="#">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="#">Author</a></li> </ul> <div class="cite-export"> <span class="publication_export">[ <a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).ris?download=true"><span>RIS</span></a> ]</span> <span class="publication_export">[ <a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).bibtex?download=true"><span>BibTeX</span></a> ]</span> </div> </div> <div class="citation-container"> <div class="view-box cite"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_standard rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_standard rendering_contributiontojournal_standard"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html" class="link"><span><strong>The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer.</strong></span></a> / Guinney, Justin; Dienstmann, Rodrigo<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/xin-wang(4bddd273-710d-49c5-8f73-2b2ec01c82ad).html" class="link"><span>; Wang, Xin</span></a> et al. <br />In: <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nature-medicine(914b4820-50b9-443f-9082-213d8a1810c2)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nature Medicine</span></a>, Vol. 21, No. 11, 2015, p. 1350-1356.<p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Journal Publications and Reviews<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_harvard rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_harvard rendering_contributiontojournal_harvard">Guinney, J, Dienstmann, R<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/xin-wang(4bddd273-710d-49c5-8f73-2b2ec01c82ad).html" class="link"><span>, Wang, X</span></a>, de Reynies, A, Schlicker, A, Soneson, C, Marisa, L, Roepman, P, Nyamundanda, G, Angelino, P, Bot, BM, Morris, JS, Simon, IM, Gerster, S, Fessler, E, Melo, FDSE, Missiaglia, E, Ramay, H, Barras, D, Homicsko, K, Maru, D, Manyam, GC, Broom, B, Boige, V, Perez-Villamil, B, Laderas, T, Salazar, R, Gray, JW, Hanahan, D, Tabernero, J, Bernards, R, Friend, SH, Laurent-Puig, P, Medema, JP, Sadanandam, A, Wessels, L, Delorenzi, M, Kopetz, S, Vermeulen, L & Tejpar, S 2015, '<a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html" class="link harvard_title"><span>The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer</span></a>', <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nature-medicine(914b4820-50b9-443f-9082-213d8a1810c2)/publications.html" class="link"><span><em>Nature Medicine</em></span></a>, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1350-1356. <a onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967" class="link"><span>https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967</span></a></div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_apa rendering_contributiontojournal_apa">Guinney, J., Dienstmann, R.<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/xin-wang(4bddd273-710d-49c5-8f73-2b2ec01c82ad).html" class="link"><span>, Wang, X.</span></a>, de Reynies, A., Schlicker, A., Soneson, C., Marisa, L., Roepman, P., Nyamundanda, G., Angelino, P., Bot, B. M., Morris, J. S., Simon, I. M., Gerster, S., Fessler, E., Melo, F. D. S. E., Missiaglia, E., Ramay, H., Barras, D., ... Tejpar, S. (2015). <a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html" class="link"><span>The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer</span></a>. <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nature-medicine(914b4820-50b9-443f-9082-213d8a1810c2)/publications.html" class="link"><span><em>Nature Medicine</em></span></a>, <em>21</em>(11), 1350-1356. <a onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967" class="link"><span>https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967</span></a></div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontojournal_vancouver">Guinney J, Dienstmann R<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/xin-wang(4bddd273-710d-49c5-8f73-2b2ec01c82ad).html" class="link"><span>, Wang X</span></a>, de Reynies A, Schlicker A, Soneson C et al. <span class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html" class="link"><span>The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer</span></a></span>. <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nature-medicine(914b4820-50b9-443f-9082-213d8a1810c2)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nature Medicine</span></a>. 2015;21(11):1350-1356. Epub 2015 Oct 12. doi: 10.1038/nm.3967</div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_author rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_author rendering_contributiontojournal_author">Guinney, Justin ; Dienstmann, Rodrigo <a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/xin-wang(4bddd273-710d-49c5-8f73-2b2ec01c82ad).html" class="link"><span> ; Wang, Xin</span></a> et al. / <a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/the-consensus-molecular-subtypes-of-colorectal-cancer(a99a1f67-3c1e-48ad-b6fc-cf70d0c6c279).html" class="link"><span><strong>The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer</strong></span></a>. In: <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nature-medicine(914b4820-50b9-443f-9082-213d8a1810c2)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nature Medicine</span></a>. 2015 ; Vol. 21, No. 11. pp. 1350-1356.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="cityu-scholar-footer-outbox"> <div class="cityu-scholar-footer-inbox"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/privacy/index.htm" title="Footer Privacy Policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/copyright/index.htm#copyright" title="Footer Copyright" target="_blank">Copyright</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/disclaimer/index.htm#disclaimer" title="Footer Disclaimer" target="_blank">Disclaimer</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/accessibility/" title="Footer Accessibility" target="_blank">Accessibility</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/contactus/index.htm" title="Footer Contact Us" target="_blank">Contact Us</a><br /> © City University of Hong Kong. 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