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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F51245464%2FInter_Laboratory_Validation_of_the_Method_to_Determine_the_Filtration_Efficiency_for_Airborne_Particles_in_the_3_500_nm_Range_and_Results_Sensitivity_Analysis%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":69048841,"identifier":"Attachment_69048841","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":51245464,"created_at":"2021-09-04T06:57:52.551-07:00","from_world_paper_id":171956464,"updated_at":"2024-11-23T02:52:38.503-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research","grobid_abstract":"The filtration of airborne nanoparticles is becoming an important issue as they are produced in large quantities from material synthesis and combustion emission. Current international standards dealing with efficiency test for filters and filter media focus on measurement of the minimum efficiency at the most penetrating particle size. The available knowledge and instruments provide a solid base for development of test methods to determine the effectiveness of filtration media for airborne nanoparticles down to a single-digit nanometer range. An inter-laboratory evaluation is performed under the Technical Committee 195 of European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TC195) for the development of the methodology to determine effectiveness of filtration media for airborne particles in the 3-500 nm range. Statistical analysis of the results was performed according to ISO 5725-2 in order to evaluate the test procedure and sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the factors that could possibly affect the test results. Inter-laboratory analysis revealed some deviation among the experimental results. The statistical analysis showed a less than 20% deviation. This deviation could be attributed to the difference among the experimental setups used by the laboratories. The sensitivity analyses did not indicate a strong influence by the temperature, relative humidity, flow distribution, challenging particle concentration, or particle density on the filtration efficiency in the parameter ranges used in the inter-laboratory test. However, the charging status of the filter affected the filtration efficiency.","publication_name":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"69048841"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Inter-Laboratory Validation of the Method to Determine the Filtration Efficiency for Airborne Particles in the 3–500 nm Range and Results Sensitivity Analysis","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [64925472]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":69048841,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Inter-Laboratory Validation of the Method to Determine the Filtration Efficiency for Airborne Particles in the 3–500 nm Range and Results Sensitivity Analysis”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/69048841/mini_magick20210904-4008-q76c6p.png?1630763992" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Inter-Laboratory Validation of the Method to Determine the Filtration Efficiency for Airborne Particles in the 3–500 nm Range and Results Sensitivity Analysis</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64925472" href="https://polito.academia.edu/PaoloTronville"><img alt="Profile image of Paolo Tronville" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Paolo Tronville</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Aerosol and Air Quality Research</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 51245464; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The filtration of airborne nanoparticles is becoming an important issue as they are produced in large quantities from material synthesis and combustion emission. Current international standards dealing with efficiency test for filters and filter media focus on measurement of the minimum efficiency at the most penetrating particle size. The available knowledge and instruments provide a solid base for development of test methods to determine the effectiveness of filtration media for airborne nanoparticles down to a single-digit nanometer range. An inter-laboratory evaluation is performed under the Technical Committee 195 of European Committee for Standardization (CEN/TC195) for the development of the methodology to determine effectiveness of filtration media for airborne particles in the 3-500 nm range. Statistical analysis of the results was performed according to ISO 5725-2 in order to evaluate the test procedure and sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the factors that could possibly affect the test results. Inter-laboratory analysis revealed some deviation among the experimental results. The statistical analysis showed a less than 20% deviation. This deviation could be attributed to the difference among the experimental setups used by the laboratories. The sensitivity analyses did not indicate a strong influence by the temperature, relative humidity, flow distribution, challenging particle concentration, or particle density on the filtration efficiency in the parameter ranges used in the inter-laboratory test. However, the charging status of the filter affected the filtration efficiency.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":69048841,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/51245464/Inter_Laboratory_Validation_of_the_Method_to_Determine_the_Filtration_Efficiency_for_Airborne_Particles_in_the_3_500_nm_Range_and_Results_Sensitivity_Analysis"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":69048841,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/51245464/Inter_Laboratory_Validation_of_the_Method_to_Determine_the_Filtration_Efficiency_for_Airborne_Particles_in_the_3_500_nm_Range_and_Results_Sensitivity_Analysis"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-premium-marketing"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-premium-marketing"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="premium-banner-content"><div class="left"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><span>Get access to the world's latest research</span></div><div class="right"><div class="card free"><div class="header">Free</div><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Download one paper at a time</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to bookmarks</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Basic search</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--small ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-desktop-free"}">Sign up for free</button></div><div class="card premium"><div class="pill">Recommended</div><div class="header premium">Premium</div><div class="feature-list"><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get highly curated PDF packages</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact with Mentions</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Access advanced search filters</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Support Academia’s mission</span></div><div class="feature"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">check</span><span>Create your personal website</span></div></div><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--small ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"premium-banner-desktop-upgrade","submitText":"Try Premium for $1"}">Try Premium for $1</button></div></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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A review of the literature shows that significant progress has been made on airborne nanoparticle filtration in the academic field in the recent years. We summarize the filtration mechanisms of fibrous and membrane filters; the air flow resistance and filter media figure of merit are discussed. Our review focuses on the air filtration test methods and instrumentation necessary to implement them; recent experimental studies are summarized accordingly. Two methods using monodisperse and polydisperse challenging aerosols, respectively, are discussed in detail. Our survey shows that the commercial instruments are already available for generating a large amount of nanoparticles, sizing, and quantifying them accurately. The commercial self-contained filter test systems provide the possibility of measurement for particles down to 15 nm. Current international standards dealing with efficiency test for filters and filter media focus on measurement of the minimum efficiency at the most penetrating particle size. The available knowledge and instruments provide a solid base for development of test methods to determine the effectiveness of filtration media against airborne nanoparticles down to singledigit nanometer range.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Toward standardized test methods to determine the effectiveness of filtration media against airborne nanoparticles","attachmentId":69048829,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51245399/Toward_standardized_test_methods_to_determine_the_effectiveness_of_filtration_media_against_airborne_nanoparticles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51245399/Toward_standardized_test_methods_to_determine_the_effectiveness_of_filtration_media_against_airborne_nanoparticles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="126473889" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126473889/Interlaboratory_comparison_to_evaluate_the_methodology_for_determination_of_the_media_filtration_efficiency_against_nanoparticles">Interlaboratory comparison to evaluate the methodology for determination of the media filtration efficiency against nanoparticles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64925472" href="https://polito.academia.edu/PaoloTronville">Paolo Tronville</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Current international standards dealing with efficiency test for filters and filter media focus on measurement of the minimum efficiency at the most penetrating particle size. The available knowledge and instruments provide a solid base for development of test methods to determine the effectiveness of filtration media against airborne nanoparticles down to single-digit nanometer range.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interlaboratory comparison to evaluate the methodology for determination of the media filtration efficiency against nanoparticles","attachmentId":120346166,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126473889/Interlaboratory_comparison_to_evaluate_the_methodology_for_determination_of_the_media_filtration_efficiency_against_nanoparticles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126473889/Interlaboratory_comparison_to_evaluate_the_methodology_for_determination_of_the_media_filtration_efficiency_against_nanoparticles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="87137152" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87137152/Development_of_a_procedure_to_measure_the_performance_of_ventilation_filters_for_nanoparticles">Development of a procedure to measure the performance of ventilation filters for nanoparticles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32529430" href="https://concordia.academia.edu/AliBahloul">Ali Bahloul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Filtration is a simple and effective way to capture particles of different sizes used in different workplaces. However, the state of current knowledge has shown that the performance of entire filter depending on the particle size are still very limited. The main objective has therefore been to develop a procedure to evaluate the filter performance used in ventilation systems for particles smaller than 300 nm including nanoparticles. The measurement procedure has been validated by comparing the penetration measurements on two different setups for nanoparticles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of a procedure to measure the performance of ventilation filters for nanoparticles","attachmentId":91433689,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87137152/Development_of_a_procedure_to_measure_the_performance_of_ventilation_filters_for_nanoparticles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87137152/Development_of_a_procedure_to_measure_the_performance_of_ventilation_filters_for_nanoparticles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="124280167" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124280167/Filtration_performance_down_to_nano_particles">Filtration performance down to nano-particles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64925472" href="https://polito.academia.edu/PaoloTronville">Paolo Tronville</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Man-made nanoparticles escaping into the environment and potentially causing adverse health effects are a serious concern for all interested parties. However, safety issues are currently not fully understood and assessed. We analyze the nanoparticle removal performance of three different wet-laid fibrous filter media used in both general ventilation and contamination control applications. Media characteristics were evaluated experimentally and their performance measured on a small scale test rig in the 0.1-3.0 Pm size range. The data were extrapolated down to 10 nm according to the most recent expressions available for Brownian diffusion. The calculations show that the efficiency at 10 nm is clearly higher than the one at 1000 nm and far higher than at MPPS for the three different media considered here. In the second part of the paper we analyze the peculiarities of fractional efficiency measurements down to particles with size of few nanometers. Special attention is devoted to the phenomena influencing the test rig design and the measurement procedure. We discuss the capabilities and the cost of the instrumentation currently available on the market for measuring the data needed and for widening the particle size range of the most common standardized current test methods.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Filtration performance down to nano-particles","attachmentId":118535936,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124280167/Filtration_performance_down_to_nano_particles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124280167/Filtration_performance_down_to_nano_particles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="44323886" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44323886/Evaluation_of_filter_media_for_particle_number_surface_area_and_mass_penetrations">Evaluation of filter media for particle number, surface area and mass penetrations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="175024157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidPui">David Pui</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a standard for respirator certification under 42 CFR Part 84, using a TSI 8130 automated filter tester with photometers. A recent study showed that photometric detection methods may not be sensitive for measuring engineered nanoparticles. Present NIOSH standards for penetration measurement are mass-based; however, the threshold limit value/permissible exposure limit for an engineered nanoparticle worker exposure is not yet clear. There is lack of standardized filter test development for engineered nanoparticles, and development of a simple nanoparticle filter test is indicated. To better understand the filter performance against engineered nanoparticles and correlations among different tests, initial penetration levels of one fiberglass and two electret filter media were measured using a series of polydisperse and monodisperse aerosol test methods at two different laboratories (University of Minnesota Partic...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluation of filter media for particle number, surface area and mass penetrations","attachmentId":64712347,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44323886/Evaluation_of_filter_media_for_particle_number_surface_area_and_mass_penetrations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44323886/Evaluation_of_filter_media_for_particle_number_surface_area_and_mass_penetrations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="87137149" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87137149/Procedure_to_measure_the_penetration_of_one_mechanical_filter_for_nanoparticles_Validation_by_comparison">Procedure to measure the penetration of one mechanical filter for nanoparticles – Validation by comparison</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32529430" href="https://concordia.academia.edu/AliBahloul">Ali Bahloul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Measurement, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles of less than or equal to 100 nm in diameter. Due to their size, they have a significant effect on health and safety of people. Capture of these NPs in general ventilation systems by filters remains one of the most widely used means of protection due to its relative simplicity of implementation and its effectiveness for capturing various size of particles. In North America, filters used in general ventilation systems are tested by the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 and are graded according to their efficiency, which is a function of particle diameter. However, the current standard limits the filtration efficiency assessment for particles between 0.3 and 10.0 mm. There is therefore a significant lack of knowledge about the behavior of these filters with respect to the particle diameter below 0.3 mm considering the overall filter used in general ventilation. The main objective of this study was to develop a measurement procedure to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical filters used in general ventilation systems against NPs. In this regard, a small setup was designed, build and qualified. Then measurement procedure was validated by comparing the penetration measurements with those obtained on qualified big loop setup for nanoparticles, which was inspired by ASHRAE. One type of mechanical filter rated (MERV 8) in three depth sizes (2.54, 5.08 and 10.16 cm) was used to compare the penetrations. The obtained results are consistent with the classical filtration theory for mechanical media and with previous experimental measurements on media. The data presented in this study show that the penetration range of 0.7-1.0 obtained for particle range 22.1-294.3 nm and at 1.00 and 0.75 m/s gives a fairly good correlation (R2 = 0.898) between the two setups. The outcome results validate the methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness of one mechanical filter used in general ventilation systems against nanoparticles by using the small setup.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Procedure to measure the penetration of one mechanical filter for nanoparticles – Validation by comparison","attachmentId":91433711,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87137149/Procedure_to_measure_the_penetration_of_one_mechanical_filter_for_nanoparticles_Validation_by_comparison","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87137149/Procedure_to_measure_the_penetration_of_one_mechanical_filter_for_nanoparticles_Validation_by_comparison"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="98527659" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98527659/Particle_Count_Statistics_Applied_to_the_Penetration_of_a_Filter_Challenged_with_Nanoparticles">Particle Count Statistics Applied to the Penetration of a Filter Challenged with Nanoparticles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39696321" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OshaughnessyP">Patrick Oshaughnessy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Aerosol Science and Technology, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Statistical confidence in a single measure of filter penetration (P) is dependent on the low number of particle counts made downstream of the filter. This article discusses methods for determining an upper confidence limit (UCL) for a single measure of penetration. The magnitude of the UCL was then compared to the P value, UCL ≤ 2P, as a penetration acceptance criterion (PAC). This statistical method was applied to penetration trials involving an N95 filtering facepiece respirator challenged with sodium chloride and four engineered nanoparticles: titanium dioxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxide, and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Ten trials were performed for each particle type with the aim of determining the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) and the maximum penetration, P max. The PAC was applied to the size channel containing the MPPS. With those P values that met the PAC for a given set of trials, an average P max and MPPS was computed together with corresponding standard deviations. Because the size distribution of the silicon dioxide aerosol was shifted toward larger particles relative to the MPPS, none of the ten trials satisfied the PAC for that aerosol. The remaining four particle types resulted in at least four trials meeting the criterion. MPPS values ranged from 35 to 53 nm with average P max values varying from 4.0% for titanium dioxide to 7.0% for iron oxide. The use of the PAC is suggested for determining the reliability of penetration measurements obtained to determine filter P max and MPPS.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Particle Count Statistics Applied to the Penetration of a Filter Challenged with Nanoparticles","attachmentId":99853107,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98527659/Particle_Count_Statistics_Applied_to_the_Penetration_of_a_Filter_Challenged_with_Nanoparticles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98527659/Particle_Count_Statistics_Applied_to_the_Penetration_of_a_Filter_Challenged_with_Nanoparticles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="111174735" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111174735/Filtration_of_nanoparticles_applied_in_general_ventilation">Filtration of nanoparticles applied in general ventilation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32529430" href="https://concordia.academia.edu/AliBahloul">Ali Bahloul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nanoparticles (NP) are particles with a diameter less than or equal to 100 nm. Because of their size, they pose a major challenge to workers' health and safety. General ventilation is one of the solutions in order to minimize both occupational and general exposure. In North America, ventilation filters are tested according to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2 and rated according to their efficiency results as a function of particle diameter. The most penetrating particle size (MPPS) is commonly accepted as being 300 nm, but it no longer represents the worst-case scenario in terms of particle diameter and filter penetration. The purpose of this paper is to compile an inventory of experimental knowledge on the performance of entire filters and their media. The scope of this experimental literature review is limited to studies of sizeresolved penetration of media and entire filters published since 1980. Little information is available on size-resolved data for filters. The paper also seeks to identify different trends by medium properties, particle properties and operating conditions, particularly in terms of penetration and MPPS. These trends are already known for media, but more studies are still needed to determine whether the conclusions for media can be extrapolated to entire filters.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Filtration of nanoparticles applied in general ventilation","attachmentId":108777215,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111174735/Filtration_of_nanoparticles_applied_in_general_ventilation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111174735/Filtration_of_nanoparticles_applied_in_general_ventilation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="9503477" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9503477/Comparison_of_Nanoparticle_Filtration_Performance_of_NIOSH_approved_and_CE_Marked_Particulate_Filtering_Facepiece_Respirators">Comparison of Nanoparticle Filtration Performance of NIOSH-approved and CE-Marked Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22280917" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamyRengasamy">Samy Rengasamy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and European Norms (ENs) employ different test protocols for evaluation of air-purifying particulate respirators commonly referred to as filtering facepiece respirators (FFR). The relative performance of the NIOSH-approved and EN-certified 'Conformité Européen' (CE)-marked FFR is not well studied. NIOSH requires a minimum of 95 and 99.97% efficiencies for N95 and P100 FFR, respectively; meanwhile, the EN requires 94 and 99% efficiencies for FFRs, class P2 (FFP2) and class P3 (FFP3), respectively. To better understand the filtration performance of NIOSH-and CE-marked FFRs, initial penetration levels of N95, P100, FFP2 and FFP3 respirators were measured using a series of polydisperse and monodisperse aerosol test methods and compared. Initial penetration levels of polydisperse NaCl aerosols [mass median diameter (MMD) of 238 nm] were measured using a method similar to the NIOSH respirator certification test method. Monodisperse aerosol penetrations were measured using silver particles for 4-30 nm and NaCl particles for 20-400 nm ranges. Two models for each FFR type were selected and five samples from each model were tested against charge neutralized aerosol particles at 85 l min 21 flow rate. Penetrations from the 238 nm MMD polydisperse aerosol test were <1% for N95 and FFP2 models and <0.03% for P100 and FFP3 models. Monodisperse aerosol penetration levels showed that the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) was in the 30-60 nm range for all models of FFRs tested in the study. Percentage penetrations at the MPPS were <4.28, <2.22, <0.009 and <0.164 for the N95, FFP2, P100 and FFP3 respirator models, respectively. The MPPS obtained for all four FFR types suggested particle capturing by electrostatic mechanism. Liquid isopropanol treatment of FFRs shifted the MPPS to 200-300 nm and dramatically increased polydisperse as well as monodisperse aerosol penetrations of all four FFR types indicating that all the four FFR types share filtration characteristics of electret filters. Electrostatic charge removal from all four FFR types also increased penetration levels of 400-1000 nm range particles. Particle penetration data obtained in this study showed that the eight models of NIOSH-approved N95 and P100 and CE-marked FFP2 and FFP3 respirators used in this study provided expected levels of laboratory filtration performance against nanoparticles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparison of Nanoparticle Filtration Performance of NIOSH-approved and CE-Marked Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators","attachmentId":47752817,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9503477/Comparison_of_Nanoparticle_Filtration_Performance_of_NIOSH_approved_and_CE_Marked_Particulate_Filtering_Facepiece_Respirators","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9503477/Comparison_of_Nanoparticle_Filtration_Performance_of_NIOSH_approved_and_CE_Marked_Particulate_Filtering_Facepiece_Respirators"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="44323885" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44323885/Removal_of_airborne_nanoparticles_by_membrane_coated_filters">Removal of airborne nanoparticles by membrane coated filters</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="175024157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidPui">David Pui</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science of The Total Environment, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The increasing amount of nanoparticles with the development of nanotechnology gives rise to concerns about potential negative impact on the environment and health hazards posed to humans. Membrane filter is an effective media to control nanoparticles. Three filters coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane were investigated in this study. A series of experiments on the filter efficiency and relevant parameters such as the particle size and face velocity were carried out. The data show that the efficiency curves for the membrane filters demonstrate the typical shape of "v" for particle sizes from 10 to 300 nm at face velocities from 0.3 to 15 cm/s. Membrane filters with larger pore sizes have larger Most Penetrating Particles Sizes (MPPS), and the MPPS decreases with increasing face velocity. The efficiencies decrease with increasing face velocity for particle sizes from 10 to 300 nm. We present the filtration efficiency data as a novel three-dimensional graph to illustrate its dependence on the particle size and face velocity. The membrane coated filter can be considered as two combined layers, one fibrous layer and one membrane layer. We develop a new filtration efficiency model which is a combination of the models for the two layers. Results from the model calculation agree with experimental data well. The study can help to optimize the filter product and to determine the operational parameters of filters, thus contributing to reduction of air pollution by rapidly emerging nanoparticles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Removal of airborne nanoparticles by membrane coated filters","attachmentId":64712344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44323885/Removal_of_airborne_nanoparticles_by_membrane_coated_filters","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44323885/Removal_of_airborne_nanoparticles_by_membrane_coated_filters"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":69048841,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":69048841,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_69048841" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="44323896" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44323896/Experimental_study_of_filtration_efficiency_of_nanoparticles_below_20_nm_at_elevated_temperatures">Experimental study of filtration efficiency of nanoparticles below 20 nm at elevated temperatures</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="175024157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidPui">David Pui</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Aerosol Science, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental study of filtration efficiency of nanoparticles below 20 nm at elevated temperatures","attachmentId":64712378,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44323896/Experimental_study_of_filtration_efficiency_of_nanoparticles_below_20_nm_at_elevated_temperatures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44323896/Experimental_study_of_filtration_efficiency_of_nanoparticles_below_20_nm_at_elevated_temperatures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="31747998" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31747998/The_effect_of_capillary_force_on_airborne_nanoparticle_filtration">The effect of capillary force on airborne nanoparticle filtration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61122940" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RGivehchi">Raheleh Givehchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Aerosol Science, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The effect of capillary force on airborne nanoparticle filtration","attachmentId":52055367,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31747998/The_effect_of_capillary_force_on_airborne_nanoparticle_filtration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31747998/The_effect_of_capillary_force_on_airborne_nanoparticle_filtration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="76754907" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76754907/Experimental_study_of_nanoparticles_penetration_through_commercial_filter_media">Experimental study of nanoparticles penetration through commercial filter media</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="134257641" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeongChanKim5">Seong Chan Kim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental study of nanoparticles penetration through commercial filter 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