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method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://lternet.edu/"> <div> <label for="s" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <input type="search" id="s" name="s" value="" /> <button type="submit" id="searchsubmit" >Search</button> </div> </form></div></li></ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4/5826af4aec64e5ead2175119e.js");</script> </header> <div id="main"> <div class="inner-banner" id="cemetery"> <div class="container"> <h1 itemprop="headline" rel="bookmark">Key Findings</h1> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-md-8" role="main" itemscope itemprop="mainContentOfPage" itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog"> <nav class="pagination"><ul class='page-numbers'> <li><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/2/">2</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/3/">3</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/4/">4</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/5/">5</a></li> <li><a class="next page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/2/">→</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="key-findings-list" class="container"> <article id="post-82542" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82542 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="350" height="220" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20350%20220'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="alewives WHOI_f.jpg" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives%20WHOI_f_1.jpg 350w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives%20WHOI_f_1-300x189.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives WHOI_f_1.jpg" /><noscript><img width="350" height="220" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives WHOI_f_1.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="alewives WHOI_f.jpg" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives%20WHOI_f_1.jpg 350w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives%20WHOI_f_1-300x189.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions/">Decadal Changes in Zooplankton Abundance and Fish Distributions</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/northeast-u-s-shelf/">Northeast U.S. Shelf LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions/">Decadal Changes in Zooplankton Abundance and Fish Distributions</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <p>Long term changes in zooplankton abundance and biovolume were documented prior to the funding of NES LTER. The distributions of many fish species in the Mid-Atlantic Bight are shifting northward in the warming ocean. Dominant species of zooplanktivorous forage fishes have interannual, seasonal, and species-specific diet preferences. It remains unresolved how decadal changes in zooplankton influence this higher trophic level.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <figure class="wp-block-image"><a href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives WHOI_f_1.jpg"><img decoding="async" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/alewives%20WHOI_f_1.jpg" alt=""/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"></figcaption></figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82541" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82541 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/spatiotemporal-dynamics-in-microzooplankton/">Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Microzooplankton</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/northeast-u-s-shelf/">Northeast U.S. Shelf LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/spatiotemporal-dynamics-in-microzooplankton/">Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Microzooplankton</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83099" style="width: 522px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83099" class="wp-image-83099 " src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-240x300.jpg" alt="" width="512" height="640" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-240x300.jpg 240w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-1608x2010.jpg 1608w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-100x125.jpg 100w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-768x960.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-320x400.jpg 320w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-160x200.jpg 160w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-80x100.jpg 80w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-66x82.jpg 66w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-40x50.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115-24x30.jpg 24w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/planktonsensor_tom_kleindinst-e1594924754115.jpg 1660w" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83099" class="wp-caption-text">Co-authors Rob Olson and Heidi Sosik have worked on development of the FlowCytobot series of automated submersible plankton sensors at WHOI since the late 1990s<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Tom Kleindinst</p> </div> </div> <p>Thanks to automated imaging approaches developed by NES LTER researchers, unprecedented insight has been gained into variations in microzooplankton biomass and diversity across a broad range of space and time scales. In addition, studies in Narragansett Bay documented strong microzooplankton grazing pressure on phytoplankton throughout the year, irrespective of season.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/spatiotemporal-dynamics-in-microzooplankton/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82540" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82540 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan.jpg 1200w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/shifts-in-phytoplankton-phenology-are-associated-with-warming-trends/">Shifts in Phytoplankton Phenology are Associated With Warming Trends</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/northeast-u-s-shelf/">Northeast U.S. Shelf LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/shifts-in-phytoplankton-phenology-are-associated-with-warming-trends/">Shifts in Phytoplankton Phenology are Associated With Warming Trends</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83096" style="width: 1210px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83096" class="size-full wp-image-83096" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20900'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1200" height="900" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan.jpg 1200w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83096" class="size-full wp-image-83096" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="900" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan.jpg 1200w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Diver_securing_FCB_Sean_Whelan-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83096" class="wp-caption-text">Co-author Alexi Shalapyonok secures FlowCytobot (FCB) underwater at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) tower. FCB, an automated submersible flow cytometer, operates unattended at MVCO for 6 months or longer, measuring thousands of individual microscopic plankton every hour.<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Sean Whelan</p> </div> </div> <p>Phytoplankton bloom dynamics at Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) are sensitive to temperature variability on both seasonal and decadal scales. Multi-year sampling has shown that the genetic background of phytoplankton is diverse and changes rapidly in coastal shelf waters. Ongoing NES LTER observations emphasize the complementary nature of multiple approaches (sequencing, imaging, and flow cytometry) to better document and understand changes in plankton diversity and how it impacts the ecosystem.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/shifts-in-phytoplankton-phenology-are-associated-with-warming-trends/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82565" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82565 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers.jpg 1184w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers.jpg 1184w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/challenging-the-pulse-reserve-paradigm/">Challenging the Pulse-Reserve Paradigm</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/sevilleta-lter/">Sevilleta LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/challenging-the-pulse-reserve-paradigm/">Challenging the Pulse-Reserve Paradigm</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83092" style="width: 1194px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83092" class="size-full wp-image-83092" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201184%20888'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1184" height="888" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers.jpg 1184w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1184px) 100vw, 1184px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83092" class="size-full wp-image-83092" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers.jpg" alt="" width="1184" height="888" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers.jpg 1184w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/rainexperiment_jenniferrudgers-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1184px) 100vw, 1184px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83092" class="wp-caption-text">We are directly testing how climate mean and variance interacts by building the first field experiments that cross long-term drought with increased rainfall variability.<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Jennifer Rudgers</p> </div> </div> <p>Pulse-reserve theory has been a dominant conceptual framework for drylands since the 1970s. Detailed long term observations and experiments at the SEV LTER revealed that individual rainfall pulses rarely produce significant reserves and that many ecosystem processes do not “pulse” on the same time scales. SEV LTER researchers have improved pulse-reserve theory with the Threshold Delay Nutrient Dynamics model, which incorporated microbial processes.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/challenging-the-pulse-reserve-paradigm/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82564" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82564 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur.jpg 1214w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur.jpg 1214w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/climate-variability-interacts-with-average-weather-conditions/">Climate Variability Interacts with Average Weather Conditions</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/sevilleta-lter/">Sevilleta LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/climate-variability-interacts-with-average-weather-conditions/">Climate Variability Interacts with Average Weather Conditions</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-5 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83094" style="width: 1224px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83094" class="size-full wp-image-83094" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201214%20910'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1214" height="910" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur.jpg 1214w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83094" class="size-full wp-image-83094" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur.jpg" alt="" width="1214" height="910" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur.jpg 1214w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/soilrain_laurenbaur-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1214px) 100vw, 1214px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83094" class="wp-caption-text">We characterized the sensitivity of biological soil crusts to drought (drought plot in photo) in dry grassland ecosystems (Fernandes et al. 2018). We also documented plant evolutionary responses to drought (Whitney et al. 2019)<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Lauren Baur</p> </div> </div> <p>The climate of SEV LTER ecosystems has become drier and more variable during the past 100 years. SEV LTER research is gaining new insight into the biological consequences of these dual climate changes. For instance, increased climate variability has benefitted desert grassland during dry periods but reduced its productivity in wet periods, while plains grassland has been more sensitive to variability during droughts.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/climate-variability-interacts-with-average-weather-conditions/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82567" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82567 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-768x575.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung.jpg 1108w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-768x575.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung.jpg 1108w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/conceptual-and-empirical-advances-in-desert-microbial-ecology/">Conceptual and Empirical Advances in Desert Microbial Ecology</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/sevilleta-lter/">Sevilleta LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/conceptual-and-empirical-advances-in-desert-microbial-ecology/">Conceptual and Empirical Advances in Desert Microbial Ecology</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-83087" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201108%20830'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1108" height="830" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung.jpg 1108w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-768x575.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-83087" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung.jpg" alt="" width="1108" height="830" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung.jpg 1108w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-768x575.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-534x400.jpg 534w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/microbio_annychung-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Anny Chung</p> </div> <p>Researchers at SEV LTER led efforts to characterize fungi and bacteria in drylands and document their responses to environmental change. SEV LTER pioneered new assays of microbial function, including carbon use efficiency and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. They quantified how microbes in roots maintain plant species coexistence and temporal stability in plant communities and how biological soil crusts affect community and ecosystem dynamics.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/conceptual-and-empirical-advances-in-desert-microbial-ecology/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82520" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82520 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/climate-change-will-impact-lower-elevation-forests-first/">Climate Change Will Impact Lower Elevation Forests First</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/luquillo-lter/">Luquillo LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/climate-change-will-impact-lower-elevation-forests-first/">Climate Change Will Impact Lower Elevation Forests First</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_82745" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82745" class="size-full wp-image-82745" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201440'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1440" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-300x169.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-2010x1131.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-125x70.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-600x338.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-150x84.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-75x42.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-45x25.jpg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82745" class="size-full wp-image-82745" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1440" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-300x169.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-2010x1131.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-125x70.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-600x338.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-150x84.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-75x42.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Samuel_Matta_Climate_Tower_2-45x25.jpg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-82745" class="wp-caption-text">Field technician Samuel Matta collecting water samples atop a climate tower in lower elevation forest<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Monique Picon</p> </div> </div> <p>Luquillo LTER uses an elevation gradient as a proxy for studying certain aspects of climate change. High elevation cloud forests on mountain summits harbor many endemic species likely to be threatened by the changes in precipitation and temperature projected to impact these areas within 20 years. Recording changes in biota and critical ecosystem function along the elevational gradient through the year 2100 will capture key aspects of the changing climate and disturbance regime.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/climate-change-will-impact-lower-elevation-forests-first/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82519" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82519 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/drought-in-rainforests-is-increasing-in-a-warming-world/">Drought in Rainforests is Increasing in a Warming World</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/luquillo-lter/">Luquillo LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/drought-in-rainforests-is-increasing-in-a-warming-world/">Drought in Rainforests is Increasing in a Warming World</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_82746" style="width: 1930px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82746" class="size-full wp-image-82746" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201920%202560'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1920" height="2560" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-225x300.jpg 225w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-1508x2010.jpg 1508w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-94x125.jpg 94w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-300x400.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-150x200.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-75x100.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-62x82.jpg 62w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-38x50.jpg 38w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-23x30.jpg 23w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82746" class="size-full wp-image-82746" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="1920" height="2560" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-225x300.jpg 225w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-1508x2010.jpg 1508w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-94x125.jpg 94w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-300x400.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-150x200.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-75x100.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-62x82.jpg 62w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-38x50.jpg 38w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Celimar_Rodriguez_Seedling_Drought-23x30.jpg 23w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-82746" class="wp-caption-text">Student Celimar Rodriguez working on a seedling drought experiment<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Jess Zimmerman</p> </div> </div> <p>Drought in tropical wet forest alters greenhouse gas production by soils, affects key nutrient dynamics, and reduces forest productivity. Downscaling studies at LUQ LTER support global models that predict declining precipitation through the end of the century. Current ecosystem drying and warming model projections predict that net forest ecosystem productivity may fall to zero by 2036. A long term streamflow reduction experiment will determine impacts of long term drought on stream functioning.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/drought-in-rainforests-is-increasing-in-a-warming-world/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82518" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82518 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/hurricane-frequency-impacts-forest-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-function/">Hurricane Frequency Impacts Forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/luquillo-lter/">Luquillo LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/hurricane-frequency-impacts-forest-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-function/">Hurricane Frequency Impacts Forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_82743" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82743" class="size-full wp-image-82743" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201920'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82743" class="size-full wp-image-82743" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Irma-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-82743" class="wp-caption-text">Luquilla field station, El Verde, after Hurricane Irma (just a few weeks before Hurricane Maria)<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Melissa Salva</p> </div> </div> <div id="attachment_82744" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82744" class="size-full wp-image-82744" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201920'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82744" class="size-full wp-image-82744" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_Post_Maria-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-82744" class="wp-caption-text">Luquilla field station, El Verde, after Hurricane María<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Melissa Salva</p> </div> </div> <div id="attachment_82742" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82742" class="size-full wp-image-82742" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201440'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1440" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-300x169.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-2010x1131.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-125x70.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-768x432.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-600x338.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-150x84.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-75x42.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-45x25.jpg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82742" class="size-full wp-image-82742" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1440" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-300x169.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-2010x1131.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-125x70.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-768x432.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-600x338.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-150x84.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-75x42.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EVFS_2020-45x25.jpg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-82742" class="wp-caption-text">Luquilla field station, El Verde, in 2020<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Melissa Salva</p> </div> </div> <p>The long term Canopy Trimming Experiment revealed many important aspects of hurricane disturbance, particularly that canopy opening caused more change in biota and biogeochemistry than debris deposition. More frequent disturbance led to canopy opening but less debris deposition, and changed forest species composition, which may alter resilience in the face of future disturbances. Frequent hurricane disturbance causes forest ecosystems to retain less carbon and export more nutrients.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/hurricane-frequency-impacts-forest-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-function/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82559" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82559 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-40x30.jpg 40w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-40x30.jpg 40w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/controls-on-nitrogen-fluxes-to-estuaries/">Controls on Nitrogen Fluxes to Estuaries</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/plum-island-ecosystems-lter/">Plum Island Ecosystems LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/controls-on-nitrogen-fluxes-to-estuaries/">Controls on Nitrogen Fluxes to Estuaries</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-10 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <p><div class="img-holder "><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82738" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201920'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82738" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/SawmillB_Chest-wetland_Robison-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Andrew Robison</p> </div> <p>Despite expanded suburban development, nitrogen fluxes to the estuary have remained steady since the early 1990s. River flow, which is becoming more variable along with climate, largely determines nitrogen retention. Imbalances between nutrient supply and demand reduce nutrient regulation during higher flows. Work at PIE LTER helped lead to a generalized framework for modeling material fluxes at river network scales – the River Network Saturation framework. Knowing when and where river networks become saturated for different constituents allows scientists and managers to better extrapolate to broader spatial scales, clarify the role of rivers in continental element cycles, and identify policy priorities.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/controls-on-nitrogen-fluxes-to-estuaries/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82558" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82558 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-400x300.png" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/microbial-dormancy-and-diversity/">Microbial Dormancy and Diversity</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/plum-island-ecosystems-lter/">Plum Island Ecosystems LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/microbial-dormancy-and-diversity/">Microbial Dormancy and Diversity</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-11 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <p><div class="img-holder "><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82737" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201784%201004'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1784" height="1004" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy.png 1784w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-300x169.png 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-125x70.png 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-768x432.png 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-1536x864.png 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-600x338.png 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-150x84.png 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-75x42.png 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-45x25.png 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1784px) 100vw, 1784px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy.png" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82737" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy.png" alt="" width="1784" height="1004" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy.png 1784w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-300x169.png 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-125x70.png 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-768x432.png 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-1536x864.png 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-600x338.png 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-150x84.png 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-75x42.png 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Key-Finding-3-Microbial-dormancy-45x25.png 45w" sizes="(max-width: 1784px) 100vw, 1784px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Ashley N. Bulseco et al</p> </div> <p>A decade of nutrient enrichment significantly increased rates of oxygen uptake and nitrate reduction in sediment. Surprisingly, the proportion of the dormant microbial population increased (overall composition of the microbial community remained unchanged). This response to a perturbation may reflect the microbial community’s strategy for maintaining diversity in a highly dynamic environment.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/microbial-dormancy-and-diversity/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82555" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82555 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-40x30.jpg 40w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-40x30.jpg 40w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/sea-level-rise-and-storms-are-altering-salt-marshes/">Sea-level Rise and Storms are Altering Salt Marshes</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/plum-island-ecosystems-lter/">Plum Island Ecosystems LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/sea-level-rise-and-storms-are-altering-salt-marshes/">Sea-level Rise and Storms are Altering Salt Marshes</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-12 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82713" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201920'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82713" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Marsh-edge-erosion-Fagherazzi-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Sergio Fagherazzi</p> </div> <p>For marshes where rates of sea level rise exceed about 3 mm/year, external sediment supply is critical to marsh survival. Although riverine sediment inputs to the Great Marsh are low, PIE LTER research has shown that marsh edge erosion during moderate intensity storms currently supplies enough sediment to maintain the marsh platform. However, with accelerating sea level rise, this will not be the case. Landscape scale studies of spatial and temporal changes (rather than relying on point measurements of platform accretion) provide more reliable information and allow better predictions to be made about future changes. Plum Island LTER is developing GIS methods to make more statistically robust comparisons between historical and current maps.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/sea-level-rise-and-storms-are-altering-salt-marshes/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82556" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82556 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-400x300.png" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/consumers-respond-unexpectedly-to-nutrient-enrichment/">Consumers Respond Unexpectedly to Nutrient Enrichment</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/plum-island-ecosystems-lter/">Plum Island Ecosystems LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/consumers-respond-unexpectedly-to-nutrient-enrichment/">Consumers Respond Unexpectedly to Nutrient Enrichment</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-13 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_82716" style="width: 1572px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82716" class="size-full wp-image-82716" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201562%20476'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1562" height="476" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7.png 1562w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-300x91.png 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-125x38.png 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-768x234.png 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-1536x468.png 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-600x183.png 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-150x46.png 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-75x23.png 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-45x14.png 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1562px) 100vw, 1562px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7.png" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-82716" class="size-full wp-image-82716" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7.png" alt="" width="1562" height="476" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7.png 1562w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-300x91.png 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-125x38.png 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-768x234.png 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-1536x468.png 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-600x183.png 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-150x46.png 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-75x23.png 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fig_7-45x14.png 45w" sizes="(max-width: 1562px) 100vw, 1562px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-82716" class="wp-caption-text">Long-term nutrient enrichment causes S. alterniflora habitat to collapse into the creek, limiting access to high-marsh invertebrates. Fish use more energy to access the high marsh which reduces trophic efficiency. In addition, these cracks also create crevasses where fish predators, such as American eel, can hide and feed on mummichog.<br />Courtesy of the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/symbols/).<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Figure 7 in: Nelson, J.A., Johnson, D.S., Deegan, L.A. et al. Feedbacks Between Nutrient Enrichment and Geomorphology Alter Bottom-Up Control on Food Webs. Ecosystems 22, 229–242 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0265-x</p> </div> </div> <p>For the first six years of an ongoing 13-year nitrate addition experiment in tidal creeks, benthic algae, invertebrate prey, and a small fish, the mummichog, showed a classic positive bottom-up response to added nutrients. However, after six years, creek banks began to collapse and mummichog abundance in fertilized creeks declined relative to reference sites, likely because the changing shape of creek channels cut off access to food resources on the marsh platform. Amphipods in fertilized creeks also developed a much higher incidence of trematode parasites, which made them more vulnerable to predation.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/consumers-respond-unexpectedly-to-nutrient-enrichment/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82515" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82515 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill.jpg 1200w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/a-landscape-that-requires-disturbance/">A Landscape that Requires Disturbance</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/konza-prairie-lter/">Konza Prairie LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/a-landscape-that-requires-disturbance/">A Landscape that Requires Disturbance</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-14 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82695" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20900'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1200" height="900" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill.jpg 1200w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82695" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="900" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill.jpg 1200w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bison-bulls_jill-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Jill Haukos</p> </div> <p>Konza Prairie Biological Station features a replicated watershed-scale experiment with contrasting fire frequency and grazing treatments. Fire frequency affects plant composition and ecosystem state (i.e. whether an ecosystem is grassland, shrubland, or woodland). Fire also affects nutritional quality and quantity of vegetation, which influences foraging decisions by large herbivores at multiple scales. Herbivore choices cascade to impact grassland biodiversity via changes in dominance, a mechanism which KNZ LTER researchers found to be consistent with grasslands worldwide.</p> <div class="img-holder "><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82696" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202048%201361'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2048" height="1361" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb.jpeg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-2010x1336.jpeg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-125x83.jpeg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-768x510.jpeg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-120x80.jpeg 120w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-1536x1021.jpeg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-600x400.jpeg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-150x100.jpeg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-123x82.jpeg 123w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-75x50.jpeg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-45x30.jpeg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb.jpeg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82696" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb.jpeg" alt="" width="2048" height="1361" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb.jpeg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-2010x1336.jpeg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-125x83.jpeg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-768x510.jpeg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-120x80.jpeg 120w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-1536x1021.jpeg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-600x400.jpeg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-150x100.jpeg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-123x82.jpeg 123w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-75x50.jpeg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_1045_barb-45x30.jpeg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Barb Van Slyke</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/a-landscape-that-requires-disturbance/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82516" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82516 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-400x300.jpeg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-400x300.jpeg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/variable-resistance-high-resilience-of-tallgrass-prairie-to-climate-change/">Variable Resistance, High Resilience of Tallgrass Prairie to Climate Change</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/konza-prairie-lter/">Konza Prairie LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/variable-resistance-high-resilience-of-tallgrass-prairie-to-climate-change/">Variable Resistance, High Resilience of Tallgrass Prairie to Climate Change</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-15 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82697" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202048%201135'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2048" height="1135" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb.jpeg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-300x166.jpeg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-2010x1114.jpeg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-125x69.jpeg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-768x426.jpeg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-1536x851.jpeg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-600x333.jpeg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-150x83.jpeg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-75x42.jpeg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-45x25.jpeg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb.jpeg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82697" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb.jpeg" alt="" width="2048" height="1135" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb.jpeg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-300x166.jpeg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-2010x1114.jpeg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-125x69.jpeg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-768x426.jpeg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-1536x851.jpeg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-600x333.jpeg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-150x83.jpeg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-75x42.jpeg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ramps-2016_barb-45x25.jpeg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Barb Van Slyke</p> </div> <p>Climate change forecasts for mesic grasslands include increased climate variability and extremes. Experimental climate manipulations at Konza Prairie reveal a spectrum of responses to climate change, ranging from a lack of resistance to extreme drought, to great resilience to increased precipitation and heat wave variability. Although community composition changes with climate extremes, tallgrass prairie resilience is promoted by compensatory responses by dominant plant species.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/variable-resistance-high-resilience-of-tallgrass-prairie-to-climate-change/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82517" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82517 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/non-equilibrium-dynamics-are-nearly-ubiquitous-and-spatially-complex/">Non-Equilibrium Dynamics are Nearly Ubiquitous and Spatially Complex</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/konza-prairie-lter/">Konza Prairie LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/non-equilibrium-dynamics-are-nearly-ubiquitous-and-spatially-complex/">Non-Equilibrium Dynamics are Nearly Ubiquitous and Spatially Complex</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-16 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82712" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%20932'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="932" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-300x109.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-2010x732.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-125x46.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-768x280.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-1536x559.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-2048x746.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-600x218.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-150x55.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-75x27.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-45x16.jpg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82712" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="932" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-300x109.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-2010x732.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-125x46.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-768x280.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-1536x559.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-2048x746.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-600x218.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-150x55.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-75x27.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/September-red-sumac-bison-dogwood_jill-45x16.jpg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Jill Haukos</p> </div> <p>Experiments at KNZ LTER have identified significant time lags between treatment initiation and sustained community effects. At a minimum, these times lags are 3-6 years for water and nutrient manipulations, but can be decades according to fire suppression and woody plant expansion studies. Decreases in plant diversity evident in the first few years after water and nutrient enrichment did not necessarily persist long term due to stochastic influences on community assembly. In streams, communities reassembled and ecosystem processes recovered over weeks to months following flood or drought. These observations represent a paradigm shift in understanding grassland assembly and spatial and temporal responses to changing external drivers.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/non-equilibrium-dynamics-are-nearly-ubiquitous-and-spatially-complex/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82562" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82562 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/phytoplankton-are-the-breadbasket-of-the-kelp-forest/">Phytoplankton are the Breadbasket of the Kelp Forest</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/santa-barbara-coastal-lter/">Santa Barbara Coastal LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/phytoplankton-are-the-breadbasket-of-the-kelp-forest/">Phytoplankton are the Breadbasket of the Kelp Forest</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-17 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-82710 size-large" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20680%201056'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="680" height="1056" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1294x2010.jpg 1294w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-193x300.jpg 193w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-80x125.jpg 80w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-768x1193.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-989x1536.jpg 989w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1319x2048.jpg 1319w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-258x400.jpg 258w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-129x200.jpg 129w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-64x100.jpg 64w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-53x82.jpg 53w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-32x50.jpg 32w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-19x30.jpg 19w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket.jpg 1358w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1294x2010.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-82710 size-large" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1294x2010.jpg" alt="" width="680" height="1056" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1294x2010.jpg 1294w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-193x300.jpg 193w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-80x125.jpg 80w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-768x1193.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-989x1536.jpg 989w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-1319x2048.jpg 1319w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-258x400.jpg 258w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-129x200.jpg 129w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-64x100.jpg 64w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-53x82.jpg 53w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-32x50.jpg 32w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket-19x30.jpg 19w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phytoplankton-breadbasket.jpg 1358w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> SBC LTER</p> </div> <p>Decades of research based on carbon stable isotope analyses supported the idea that macroalgal detritus, especially that of kelp, is a major source of food to coastal marine ecosystems, particularly suspension feeders. Comparative and experimental research from SBC LTER has overturned this paradigm, showing that phytoplankton, not kelp, are the main food resource for coastal benthic suspension feeders.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/phytoplankton-are-the-breadbasket-of-the-kelp-forest/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82560" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82560 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/giant-kelp-shapes-an-entire-ecosystem/">Giant Kelp Shapes an Entire Ecosystem</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/santa-barbara-coastal-lter/">Santa Barbara Coastal LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/giant-kelp-shapes-an-entire-ecosystem/">Giant Kelp Shapes an Entire Ecosystem</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-18 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82730" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201707'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1707" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-300x200.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-2010x1340.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-125x83.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-768x512.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-120x80.jpg 120w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-600x400.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-150x100.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-123x82.jpg 123w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-75x50.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-45x30.jpg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82730" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-300x200.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-2010x1340.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-125x83.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-768x512.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-120x80.jpg 120w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-600x400.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-150x100.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-123x82.jpg 123w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-75x50.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KelpResilientWarming-45x30.jpg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Brandon Doheny</p> </div> <p>Results from long term measurements and experiments reveal that climate-driven disturbances that alter giant kelp abundance cascade through the kelp forest community, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem function. These effects are due to kelp’s overwhelming influence on environmental conditions and habitat availability rather than its effects as a food source for fauna.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/giant-kelp-shapes-an-entire-ecosystem/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82561" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82561 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/fires-mobilize-nutrients-to-the-ocean/">Fires Mobilize Nutrients to the Ocean</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/santa-barbara-coastal-lter/">Santa Barbara Coastal LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/fires-mobilize-nutrients-to-the-ocean/">Fires Mobilize Nutrients to the Ocean</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-19 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div class="img-holder "> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-82728 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201704%202272'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="1704" height="2272" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea.jpg 1704w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-225x300.jpg 225w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-1508x2010.jpg 1508w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-94x125.jpg 94w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-300x400.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-150x200.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-75x100.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-62x82.jpg 62w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-38x50.jpg 38w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-23x30.jpg 23w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-82728 size-full" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea.jpg" alt="" width="1704" height="2272" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea.jpg 1704w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-225x300.jpg 225w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-1508x2010.jpg 1508w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-94x125.jpg 94w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-300x400.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-150x200.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-75x100.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-62x82.jpg 62w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-38x50.jpg 38w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fire_nutrients_toSea-23x30.jpg 23w" sizes="(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> SBC LTER/Dan Reed</p> </div> <p>Fire and land use affect the amount and timing of nutrient organic matter and sediment delivery from watersheds to the ocean. Drought and fire followed by rain causes large fluxes of terrestrial nutrients to the coastal ocean. During storms, runoff plumes containing high concentrations of nutrients remain close to the coast, but are advected offshore and quickly diluted once the storms pass, thereby reducing the contribution of land-derived nutrients to the productivity of coastal ecosystems.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/fires-mobilize-nutrients-to-the-ocean/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82563" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82563 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/kelp-forests-are-surprisingly-resilient-to-unprecedented-warming/">Kelp Forests are Surprisingly Resilient to Unprecedented Warming</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/santa-barbara-coastal-lter/">Santa Barbara Coastal LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/kelp-forests-are-surprisingly-resilient-to-unprecedented-warming/">Kelp Forests are Surprisingly Resilient to Unprecedented Warming</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-20 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <p><div class="img-holder "><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82732" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%202560%201662'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="2560" height="1662" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-300x195.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-2010x1305.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-125x82.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-768x499.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-1536x997.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-2048x1330.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-600x390.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-150x97.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-75x50.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-45x30.jpg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-scaled.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82732" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1662" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-300x195.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-2010x1305.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-125x82.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-768x499.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-1536x997.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-2048x1330.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-600x390.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-150x97.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-75x50.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ExtraKelp-45x30.jpg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></noscript></p> <p class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Credit:</strong> Sarah Sampson</p> </div> <p>A marine heat wave of extreme magnitude and duration in 2014-15 allowed SBC LTER researchers to test predictions about the effects of climate change on kelp forests. Although kelp was diminished by the prolonged high temperature and low nitrate conditions, it rebounded quickly, and most other flora and fauna were not greatly affected. Ocean sampling revealed that ammonium and urea persisted during warm periods and experiments showed that kelp can use these recycled nitrogen sources.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/kelp-forests-are-surprisingly-resilient-to-unprecedented-warming/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82464" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82464 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/severe-fires-drive-shifts-from-black-spruce-to-broadleaf-dominance/">Severe Fires Drive Shifts from Black Spruce to Broadleaf Dominance</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/bonanza-creek-lter/">Bonanza Creek LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/severe-fires-drive-shifts-from-black-spruce-to-broadleaf-dominance/">Severe Fires Drive Shifts from Black Spruce to Broadleaf Dominance</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-21 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83031" style="width: 747px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83031" class=" wp-image-83031" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20737%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="737" height="300" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-300x122.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-2010x819.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-125x51.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-768x313.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-1536x626.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-2048x835.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-600x245.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-150x61.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-75x31.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-45x18.jpg 45w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-300x122.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83031" class=" wp-image-83031" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-300x122.jpg" alt="" width="737" height="300" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-300x122.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-2010x819.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-125x51.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-768x313.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-1536x626.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-2048x835.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-600x245.jpg 600w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-150x61.jpg 150w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-75x31.jpg 75w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/severe-fires-shifts-45x18.jpg 45w" sizes="(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83031" class="wp-caption-text">A recent shift in the Alaska fire regime has increased the frequency and size of high-severity fires that combust deep organic layers, exposing mineral soil and favoring the invasion of hardwoods. Within the BNZ LTER Regional Site Network, many sites that were dominated by black spruce prior to burning in 2004 have now converted to dense birch stands with very different vegetation and ecosystem characteristics (BD1 site).<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Roger Ruess</p> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p>Severe late summer fires consume the soil organic layer, allowing deciduous tree species, such as aspen and birch, to establish at high densities. The fast decomposing litter and rapid evapotranspiration of deciduous trees maintain a thinner, drier organic layer that does not sustain spruce forests or insulate permafrost. This ecosystem state change alters an iconic Alaskan ecosystem by modifying productivity and carbon storage, climate regulation, and other ecosystem services to society.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/severe-fires-drive-shifts-from-black-spruce-to-broadleaf-dominance/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82465" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82465 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost.jpg 720w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost.jpg 720w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/thawing-permafrost-and-increasing-wildfires-will-likely-amplify-climate-warming/">Thawing Permafrost and Increasing Wildfires Will Likely Amplify Climate Warming</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/bonanza-creek-lter/">Bonanza Creek LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/thawing-permafrost-and-increasing-wildfires-will-likely-amplify-climate-warming/">Thawing Permafrost and Increasing Wildfires Will Likely Amplify Climate Warming</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-22 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83035" style="width: 741px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83035" class=" wp-image-83035" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20731%20548'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="731" height="548" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost.jpg 720w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-300x225.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83035" class=" wp-image-83035" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="731" height="548" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/thawing-permafrost.jpg 720w" sizes="(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83035" class="wp-caption-text">Increases in air temperatures and depth of insulating snow cover during winter are accelerating the rate of permafrost thaw. In areas of ice-rich permafrost, widespread thermokarst is having significant consequences for biogeochemical cycling and surface hydrology.<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Ted Schuur</p> </div> </div> <p>Measurements across latitudinal gradients, field experiments, and laboratory incubations all point to significant releases of CO2 and CH4 from soils that have been frozen or waterlogged since the last ice age. Over decadal time scales, this carbon release could overwhelm increased plant carbon uptake. In a warmer world, the boreal forest could be transformed into a major carbon emitter, putting the forest on par with global land use change.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/thawing-permafrost-and-increasing-wildfires-will-likely-amplify-climate-warming/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82468" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82468 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-40x30.jpg 40w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-40x30.jpg 40w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/partnerships-with-local-communities-facilitate-knowledge-exchange/">Partnerships with Local Communities Facilitate Knowledge Exchange</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/bonanza-creek-lter/">Bonanza Creek LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/partnerships-with-local-communities-facilitate-knowledge-exchange/">Partnerships with Local Communities Facilitate Knowledge Exchange</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-23 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83038" style="width: 719px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83038" class=" wp-image-83038" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20709%20532'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="709" height="532" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-400x300.jpg 400w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-300x225.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83038" class=" wp-image-83038" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-300x225.jpg" alt="" width="709" height="532" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/partnership-with-locals-Dog-team-and-fuel-drum-Miki-Collins-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83038" class="wp-caption-text">Climate-related changes in environmental conditions are challenging rural residents’ ability to traverse the land and access subsistence resources.<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Miki Collins</p> </div> </div> <p>Local residents observe that warming has changed the timing of freeze up, affected river ice thickness and melt, and has reduced winter travel safety and access to local ecosystem services. Wildfire reduces access to the land, threatens cultural and historic sites, and reduces wildlife densities for one to several decades (e.g. moose and caribou, respectively). Sources of resilience range from oral traditions and cooperative harvesting strategies to new technologies and network sharing.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/partnerships-with-local-communities-facilitate-knowledge-exchange/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82467" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82467 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-39x30.jpg 39w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-39x30.jpg 39w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/browsing-by-large-herbivores-influenced-ecosystem-function/">Browsing by Large Herbivores Influenced Ecosystem Function</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/bonanza-creek-lter/">Bonanza Creek LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/browsing-by-large-herbivores-influenced-ecosystem-function/">Browsing by Large Herbivores Influenced Ecosystem Function</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-24 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83037" style="width: 645px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83037" class=" wp-image-83037" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20635%20495'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="635" height="495" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-300x234.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-125x97.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-768x598.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-513x400.jpg 513w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-257x200.jpg 257w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-128x100.jpg 128w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-105x82.jpg 105w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-64x50.jpg 64w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-39x30.jpg 39w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores.jpg 1362w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-300x234.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83037" class=" wp-image-83037" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-300x234.jpg" alt="" width="635" height="495" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-300x234.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-125x97.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-768x598.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-513x400.jpg 513w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-257x200.jpg 257w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-128x100.jpg 128w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-105x82.jpg 105w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-64x50.jpg 64w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores-39x30.jpg 39w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/browsing-by-vertebrate-herbivores.jpg 1362w" sizes="(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83037" class="wp-caption-text">Browsing by snowshoe hares and moose have dramatic top-down influences on vegetation composition, successional dynamics, and ecosystem function throughout interior Alaska.<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Knut Kielland</p> </div> </div> <p>Browsing by moose and snowshoe hares affects plant species composition, growth, population dynamics, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem function at both stand and landscape scales, causing effects that can persist for decades. Both species selectively consume willows, leading to the dominance of alder, an important nitrogen-fixing species that is chemically defended against herbivory. Snowshoe hare abundance varies nearly as much on an intra-annual basis as it does across a decadal population cycle, underscoring the complex interaction of biophysical factors. This in turn influences predation intensity and the population abundance of lynx, which is largely controlled by emigration and immigration.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/browsing-by-large-herbivores-influenced-ecosystem-function/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  <article id="post-82466" class="et_pb_post row key-findings-item post-82466 findings type-findings status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4"><img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20400%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-40x30.jpg 40w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" data-lazy-src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-400x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-400x300.jpg 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-40x30.jpg 40w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></noscript></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"> <h3 class="finding-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/a-longer-snow-free-season-is-likely-to-speed-up-warming/">A Longer Snow Free Season is Likely to Speed Up Warming</a></h3> <div class="finding-sites"> <label>Sites:</label> <a href="https://lternet.edu/site/bonanza-creek-lter/">Bonanza Creek LTER</a></span> <div class="finding-summary"><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decadal-changes-in-zooplankton-abundance-and-fish-distributions"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/a-longer-snow-free-season-is-likely-to-speed-up-warming/">A Longer Snow Free Season is Likely to Speed Up Warming</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-25 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"> <div id="attachment_83036" style="width: 757px" class="wp-caption alignnone"> <div class="img-holder"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-83036" class=" wp-image-83036" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20747%20560'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="747" height="560" data-lazy-srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-300x225.jpg 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2010x1508.jpg 2010w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-125x94.jpg 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-133x100.jpg 133w, 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https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-768x576.jpg 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-533x400.jpg 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-267x200.jpg 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-133x100.jpg 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-109x82.jpg 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-67x50.jpg 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-40x30.jpg 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/longer-snow-free-season-400x300.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px" /></noscript></p> <p id="caption-attachment-83036" class="wp-caption-text">Recent models indicate that lengthening of the snow-free season and associated declines in surface albedo constitutes the largest positive feedback to climate warming in the boreal forest.<br /><strong>Credit:</strong> Roger Ruess</p> </div> </div> <p>Models that assess climate feedbacks over the next century have simulated decreases in albedo due to a shorter snow season, wider extents of deciduous forest due to altered fire regimes, and changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 and CH4 emissions. The strongest climate feedback was positive, derived from lengthening the growing season (reducing the snow-albedo feedback). Increases in young, faster-growing deciduous forests and a net increase in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems only partially counterbalanced this change.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"></div> </div> </div> <div class="finding-more"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings/a-longer-snow-free-season-is-likely-to-speed-up-warming/">Read more</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </article>  </div> <nav class="pagination"><ul class='page-numbers'> <li><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/2/">2</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/3/">3</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/4/">4</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/5/">5</a></li> <li><a class="next page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/findings/page/2/">→</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-md-4" role="complementary"> <div id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"></div></div><div id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="/stories/"><h4 class="widgettitle">Top Stories</h4></a><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/love-writing-about-science-now-accepting-applications-for-our-2024-lter-graduate-writing-fellows-program/"><div class="row story-list"><div class="col-md-5 story-thumb"><img width="120" height="80" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-Grad-student-writers-banner-Twitter-Post-120x80.png" class="attachment-top_story size-top_story wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="col-md-7 story-info">Love writing about science? 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