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.mw-parser-output .torna-a{font-size:95%}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint torna-a"> <div class="hatnote-content"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/18px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/27px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/36px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480"></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Voce principale: <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducato_di_Curlandia_e_Semigallia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ducato di Curlandia e Semigallia">Ducato di Curlandia e Semigallia</a></b>.</span> </div> </div> <p>Il <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducato_di_Curlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducato di Curlandia">ducato di Curlandia</a></b> fu la più piccola tra le nazioni europee a colonizzare le Americhe. I curlandesi, infatti, mantennero il controllo dell'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caraibi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Caraibi">isola caraibica</a> di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tobago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> dal <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1654?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1654">1654</a> al <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1659?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1659">1659</a>, e, di nuovo, dal <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1660?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1660">1660</a> al <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1689?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1689">1689</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="it" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Indice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Storia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Storia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Colonialismo"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Colonialismo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Governatori_della_Nuova_Curlandia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Governatori della Nuova Curlandia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Note"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Note</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Voci_correlate"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Voci correlate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Collegamenti_esterni"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Collegamenti esterni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kurland.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kurland.jpg/220px-Kurland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="238"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kurland.jpg/220px-Kurland.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kurland.jpg/330px-Kurland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Kurland.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Il Ducato di Curlandia e Semigallia. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Il ducato di Curlandia fu creato nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1561?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1561">1561</a>, quale vassallo della <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confederazione_polacco-lituana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Confederazione polacco-lituana">Confederazione polacco-lituana</a>. La regione, oggi parte della <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lettonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Lettonia">Lettonia</a>, aveva una popolazione pari a 200.000 abitanti. La classe dominante era costituita dalla minoranza dei <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tedeschi_del_Baltico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tedeschi del Baltico">tedeschi del Baltico</a>, mentre la maggioranza baltica autoctona si occupava della coltivazione della terra. Sotto il comando del duca <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giacomo_Kettler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="Giacomo Kettler">Giacomo Kettler</a>, il ducato raggiunse il suo periodo di massimo splendore. Kettler, durante i suoi viaggi in <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_occidentale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Europa occidentale">Europa occidentale</a>, divenne uno dei massimi sostenitori di quella politica economica nota come <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantilismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Mercantilismo">mercantilismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avventura_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-avventura-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>L'economia curlandese si specializzò nella costruzione di barche e nella lavorazione dei metalli; relazioni commerciali furono stabilite non solo coi paesi confinanti, ma anche con la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Bretagna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Gran Bretagna">Gran Bretagna</a>, la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Francia">Francia</a>, i <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paesi_Bassi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Paesi Bassi">Paesi Bassi</a> e il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portogallo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Portogallo">Portogallo</a>. Kettler creò una delle più importanti flotte del tempo: basi principali erano <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ventspils?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ventspils">Windau</a> (oggi Ventspils) e <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Liepāja">Libau</a> (l'odierna Liepāja).<sup id="cite_ref-avventura_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-avventura-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Colonialismo">Colonialismo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Colonialismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Fu così che le navi del ducato iniziarono a salpare alla volta delle Indie occidentali intorno al <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1637?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1637">1637</a>, quando, a bordo di una di queste imbarcazioni, 212 coloni curlandesi tentarono di stabilirsi sull'isola di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tobago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tobago">Tobago</a>. Pochi mesi prima, infatti, il precedente insediamento olandese su Tobago (fondato nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1628?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1628">1628</a>) era stato distrutto dalle truppe spagnole. Ancora nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1642?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1642">1642</a>, 300 coloni a bordo di due navi, sotto il comando del Capitano Caroon, tentarono di stanziarsi sulla costa settentrionale, ma furono respinti dagli indigeni <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caribe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Caribe">Caribi</a>. Fu così che per alcuni anni i curlandesi abbandonarono l'idea di colonizzare Tobago.<sup id="cite_ref-dutch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-dutch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tuttavia, nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1651?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1651">1651</a> il ducato ottenne la sua prima colonia in <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Africa">Africa</a>: l'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isola_James?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Isola James">isola di Sant'Andrea</a>, sul <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gambia_(fiume)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Gambia (fiume)">fiume Gambia</a>, dove fu fondato il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jekabforts&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Jekabforts (la pagina non esiste)">Jekabforts</a>.</p> <p>Il 20 maggio <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1654?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1654">1654</a>, i curlandesi riuscirono finalmente a colonizzare Tobago: quel giorno, infatti, la nave <i>Das Wappen der Herzogin von Kurland</i> sbarcò sull'isola. A bordo vi erano 25 ufficiali, 124 soldati, 80 famiglie di coloni e 45 cannoni. Il Capitano Willem Mollens ribattezzò l'isola "<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nuova_Curlandia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Nuova Curlandia (la pagina non esiste)">Nuova Curlandia</a>". Un forte, chiamato Jekabforts, venne fondato nella parte sud-occidentale dell'isola: intorno ad esso sorse il piccolo centro di Jekaba pilseta. Altri luoghi nell'isola vennero battezzati con nomi curlandesi. I coloni costruirono anche una chiesa protestante. Tuttavia, poco dopo l'arrivo dei curlandesi, gli olandesi fecero ritorno sull'isola, fondandovi una seconda colonia: pochi mesi dopo, i curlandesi si trovavano già numericamente sopraffatti. Altri 120 curlandesi giunsero nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1657?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1657">1657</a>, ma ormai gli olandesi erano circa 1.200 (a questi si aggiunsero anche 500 francesi).<sup id="cite_ref-dutch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-dutch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Nel frattempo, il Ducato di Curlandia cominciava a subire le mire espansionistiche sia della <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svezia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Svezia">Svezia</a> che della <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>: nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1651?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1651">1651</a>, l'esercito svedese invase la Curlandia, dando l'inizio alla <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconda_guerra_del_nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Seconda guerra del nord">Seconda guerra del nord</a>, che si concluse con la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trattato_di_Oliva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Trattato di Oliva">Pace di Oliwa</a> del <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1660?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1660">1660</a>, che segnò il declino della potenza del Ducato. Il duca Jakob venne fatto prigioniero: nel frattempo, sia la colonia africana che quella americana vennero prese dagli olandesi, che distrussero quanto costruito dai curlandesi. Lo Jekabforts fu accerchiato dalle forze olandesi, che costrinsero alla resa il governatore Hubert de Beveren. La Nuova Curlandia fu poi restituita al Ducato l'11 dicembre <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1659?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1659">1659</a> (come poi sancito dal <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trattato_di_Oliva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Trattato di Oliva">Trattato di Oliva</a> del <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1660?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1660">1660</a>). Tuttavia, i curlandesi abbandonarono di nuovo Tobago nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1666?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1666">1666</a>, forse in seguito a un attacco dei pirati. Nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1668?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1668">1668</a> un'altra nave tentò di rioccupare l'isola, ma ancora una volta venne respinta dagli olandesi. Tobago fu di nuovo presa nell'ultimo periodo di governo del duca Jakob: tuttavia, nel luglio del <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1680?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1680">1680</a> il tentativo di crearvi un nuovo insediamento fallì. Nel frattempo, il duca tentò di ricostruire la flotta e le manifatture, senza però riuscire a ristabilire la fortuna degli anni passati.<sup id="cite_ref-avventura_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-avventura-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>L'isola venne abbandonata a sé stessa dal marzo del <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1683?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1683">1683</a> al giugno del <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1686?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1686">1686</a>; nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1689?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1689">1689</a> i curlandesi lasciarono definitivamente Tobago: il maggio dell'anno successivo, l'isola fu venduta. Nonostante questo, si continuò a nominare un governatore della Nuova Curlandia sino al <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1795?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1795">1795</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg/220px-GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="502"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg/220px-GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg/330px-GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg/440px-GreatCourlandBayMonument.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Il Courland Monument </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg/220px-20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="377"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 114px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg/220px-20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="114" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg/330px-20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg/440px-20011114_70sant_Latvia_Postage_Stamp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francobollo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Francobollo">Francobollo</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lettonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Lettonia">lettone</a> commemorante la colonizzazione di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tobago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tobago">Tobago</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Ancora oggi, il Courland Monument presso l'omonima baia commemora la breve e sfortunata storia della colonia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Governatori_della_Nuova_Curlandia">Governatori della Nuova Curlandia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Governatori della Nuova Curlandia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <td>1642-1643</td> <td>Edward Marshall</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1643-1650</td> <td>Cornelius Caroon</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1654</td> <td>Adrien Lampsius</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1654-1655</td> <td>William Molleyns</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1655-1658</td> <td>Hubert de Beveren</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1658-1659</td> <td>Christopher von Kayserling</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1659-1660</td> <td><i>Conquista olandese</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1660-1677</td> <td>Christopher von Kayserling</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1677-1680</td> <td>???</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1680-1689</td> <td>???</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avventura-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-avventura_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-avventura_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-avventura_1-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.instoria.it/home/avventura_coloniale_curlandese.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">InStoria - L'avventura coloniale curlandese</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.instoria.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 gennaio 2024</small>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-dutch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-dutch_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-dutch_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/america/tobago/dutch.html">Tobago: Dutch and Courlanders on Tobago. A history of the firsts settlements 1628-1677</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110022814/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/america/tobago/dutch.html">Archiviato</a> il 10 novembre 2012 in <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623055714/http://www.rtbot.net/courland_colonization_of_the_americas"><span style="font-style:italic;">Courland Colonization Of The Americas Information, Videos, Pictures and News</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">rtbot.net</span>. <small>URL consultato il 28 giugno 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.rtbot.net/courland_colonization_of_the_americas">url originale</abbr> il 23 giugno 2015)</small>.</cite></span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li>D. Archibald, <i>Tobago: melancholy isle</i>, vol. I (1498-1771), Westindiana, Port of Spain 1987.</li> <li>Gertrude Carmichael, <i>The history of the West Indian Island of Trinidad and Tobago, 1498-1900</i>, Londra 1961.</li> <li>Edmundson, <i>The Dutch in Western Guiana</i>, English historical review 1901, vol. XVI, pp. 640–675.</li> <li>C. Ch. Goslinga, <i>The Dutch in the Caribbean & on the Wild Coast 1580-1680</i>, Assen 1971.</li> <li>Alexandre Olivier Exquemelin, <i>Bucanieri nei Caraibi</i>, Effemme Edizioni, 1678-2005, p. 285.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://books.google.it/books?id%3Dj8ANAAAAQAAJ">Henry Iles Woodcock, <i>A history of Tobago</i></a>, 1867, originale alla Oxford University</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storia_della_Lettonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Storia della Lettonia">Storia della Lettonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducato_di_Curlandia_e_Semigallia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ducato di Curlandia e Semigallia">Ducato di Curlandia e Semigallia</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Curlandia">Curlandia</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semgallia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Semgallia">Semgallia</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonialismo_polacco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Colonialismo polacco">Colonialismo polacco</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colonizzazione_curlandese_delle_Americhe&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><cite 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