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This article will consider the changes to the industrial landscape as a consequence of this Act, especially the" /> <title>(PDF) Six Years Hard Labor: Workers and Unions under the Employment Contracts Act | Malcolm MacLean - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/1220777/Six_Years_Hard_Labor_Workers_and_Unions_under_the_Employment_Contracts_Act" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '65a690de66ffd0e9f9c3f528feae2fde26a171eb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732717490000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732717490000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The passage of the Employment Contracts Act in May 1991 was the final step in New Zealand’s deregulation revolution beginning in 1984. This article will consider the changes to the industrial landscape as a consequence of this Act, especially the conditions contributing to widespread deunionisation. We will evaluate the range of union responses focusing on the inactivity of the major trade union centre, the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, the rise of corporate unionism and emerging rhetoric of ‘employer partnership’. In particular, the activities of the Engineers’ Union will be discussed and its claims to be a success story of modern unionism critically evaluated. We will show that the Engineers’ Union growth has not lead to an expansion of unionisation, but is the consequence poaching from other unions and of high rates of deunionisation in some industries. Particular attention will be paid to the impact of the Act on women workers, including as a result of the demise of the Clerical Workers’ Union, the largest private sector union. These developments will be assessed alongside the emergence of the New Zealand Trade Union Federation as an alternative union centre. The TUF was formed as a result of the lack of resistance by the NZCTU, is a logical outcome of labour market deregulation and reflects both material and political tensions within the trade union movement. Finally, we will consider the emergence of demands for a second wave of industrial legislation to further deregulate labour relations in the wake of the formation of the coalition government after the 1996 general election. Employer groups seeking further deregulation have concentrated on judicial functions in disputes and seek the ability to fire at will. Recent cases will be assessed to suggest that the aims of those seeking a second wave have largely been achieved under current legislation.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Malcolm MacLean"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2012-01-15","dateModified":"2014-04-22","datePublished":"1997-01-01","headline":"Six Years Hard Labor: Workers and Unions under the Employment Contracts Act","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Labour Law","Trade unions"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Cal. W. 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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":1220777,"created_at":"2012-01-15T08:48:21.957-08:00","from_world_paper_id":18765968,"updated_at":"2021-01-18T06:43:06.208-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The passage of the Employment Contracts Act in May 1991 was the final step in New Zealand’s deregulation revolution beginning in 1984. This article will consider the changes to the industrial landscape as a consequence of this Act, especially the conditions contributing to widespread deunionisation. We will evaluate the range of union responses focusing on the inactivity of the major trade union centre, the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, the rise of corporate unionism and emerging rhetoric of ‘employer partnership’. In particular, the activities of the Engineers’ Union will be discussed and its claims to be a success story of modern unionism critically evaluated. We will show that the Engineers’ Union growth has not lead to an expansion of unionisation, but is the consequence poaching from other unions and of high rates of deunionisation in some industries. Particular attention will be paid to the impact of the Act on women workers, including as a result of the demise of the Clerical Workers’ Union, the largest private sector union. These developments will be assessed alongside the emergence of the New Zealand Trade Union Federation as an alternative union centre. The TUF was formed as a result of the lack of resistance by the NZCTU, is a logical outcome of labour market deregulation and reflects both material and political tensions within the trade union movement. Finally, we will consider the emergence of demands for a second wave of industrial legislation to further deregulate labour relations in the wake of the formation of the coalition government after the 1996 general election. Employer groups seeking further deregulation have concentrated on judicial functions in disputes and seek the ability to fire at will. Recent cases will be assessed to suggest that the aims of those seeking a second wave have largely been achieved under current legislation.","more_info":"co-authored with Maxine Gay; California Western International Law Journal 28(1), pp. 45-64. Fall 1997.","publisher":"HeinOnline","publication_date":"1997,1,1","publication_name":"Cal. W. Int'l LJ"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Six Years Hard Labor: Workers and Unions under the Employment Contracts Act","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [30615]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":35027438,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Six Years Hard Labor: Workers and Unions under the Employment Contracts Act”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/35027438/mini_magick20190319-6332-m1onbf.png?1553045429" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Six Years Hard Labor: Workers and Unions under the Employment Contracts Act</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30615" href="https://uq.academia.edu/MalcolmMacLean"><img alt="Profile image of Malcolm MacLean" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/30615/9937/9386/s65_malcolm.maclean.jpg" />Malcolm MacLean</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1997, Cal. W. Int'l LJ</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The passage of the Employment Contracts Act in May 1991 was the final step in New Zealand’s deregulation revolution beginning in 1984. This article will consider the changes to the industrial landscape as a consequence of this Act, especially the conditions contributing to widespread deunionisation. We will evaluate the range of union responses focusing on the inactivity of the major trade union centre, the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, the rise of corporate unionism and emerging rhetoric of ‘employer partnership’. In particular, the activities of the Engineers’ Union will be discussed and its claims to be a success story of modern unionism critically evaluated. We will show that the Engineers’ Union growth has not lead to an expansion of unionisation, but is the consequence poaching from other unions and of high rates of deunionisation in some industries. Particular attention will be paid to the impact of the Act on women workers, including as a result of the demise of the Clerical Workers’ Union, the largest private sector union. These developments will be assessed alongside the emergence of the New Zealand Trade Union Federation as an alternative union centre. The TUF was formed as a result of the lack of resistance by the NZCTU, is a logical outcome of labour market deregulation and reflects both material and political tensions within the trade union movement. Finally, we will consider the emergence of demands for a second wave of industrial legislation to further deregulate labour relations in the wake of the formation of the coalition government after the 1996 general election. Employer groups seeking further deregulation have concentrated on judicial functions in disputes and seek the ability to fire at will. Recent cases will be assessed to suggest that the aims of those seeking a second wave have largely been achieved under current legislation.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":35027438,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1220777/Six_Years_Hard_Labor_Workers_and_Unions_under_the_Employment_Contracts_Act"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":35027438,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1220777/Six_Years_Hard_Labor_Workers_and_Unions_under_the_Employment_Contracts_Act"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="35027438" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1220777/Six_Years_Hard_Labor_Workers_and_Unions_under_the_Employment_Contracts_Act" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="62919340" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62919340/Reaching_Across_the_Ditch_Similarities_and_Differences_in_the_Trajectory_of_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Regulation_of_Collective_Labour_Relations_1988_2018">Reaching Across the Ditch? Similarities and Differences in the Trajectory of Australian and New Zealand Regulation of Collective Labour Relations 1988–2018</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58751251" href="https://rmit.academia.edu/AnthonyForsyth">Anthony Forsyth</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Victoria University of Wellington Law Review</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article compares the development of the law and policy relating to collective aspects of labour relations in Australia and New Zealand over the last 30 years, taking account of historical, social, economic and political context. During that period, there have been many shifts and turns in the direction of regulation, although developments in each country have mostly responded to the broader rise of neo-liberalism in economic and social policy. 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In so doing, it looks at the impact of deregulatory provisions contained in laws directed at controlling the organisation and activities of trade unions. The paper finds that legislative reforms aimed at controlling the behaviour of trade unions are less effective in industrial relations environments characterised by a history of voluntarism and strong trade union presence in the workplace; and conversely, that reforming legislation aimed at achieving these ends is likely to be more effective in environments marked by a history of strong state support for compulsory arbitration and where trade unions are organisationally weak in the workplace. In view of the ‘Second Wave’ industrial relations legislation currently being considered by the Howard Government, the implication of these findings for Australian trade ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lessons for the Australian Trade Union Movement from the Industrial Relations Policy Experiences of Britain and New Zealand","attachmentId":90118843,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85413216/Lessons_for_the_Australian_Trade_Union_Movement_from_the_Industrial_Relations_Policy_Experiences_of_Britain_and_New_Zealand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85413216/Lessons_for_the_Australian_Trade_Union_Movement_from_the_Industrial_Relations_Policy_Experiences_of_Britain_and_New_Zealand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="86102741" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86102741/The_Impact_of_the_Employment_Contracts_Act_on_Labour_Law_Implications_for_Unions">The Impact of the Employment Contracts Act on Labour Law: Implications for Unions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56360123" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WalterGrills">Walter Grills</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, 1970</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Employment Contracts Act 1991 (the ECA or the Act) is only one of a number of fundamental changes to the basis upon which New Zealand society has recently been required to operate. These changes have been thrust upon New Zealanders by successive governments. The response of the people to such forced feeding has been to change the very basis of how governments are to be elected and are to operate. The public complaint is not only with the fast pace of unanticipated and undesired change. 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The ERA prescribed new bargaining rules, which included a good faith obligation, increased union rights and promoted collective bargaining as the key to building productive employment relationships (Anderson, 2004; May and Walsh, 2002). In this respect the ERA provided scope for increased collective bargaining and union renewal (Harbridge and Thickett, 2003; May, 2003a and 2003b; May and Walsh, 2002). Despite these predictions and the ERA&#39;s overall intent, the decline in collective bargaining coverage begun in the 1990s has continued unabated in the private sector. It has naturally been questioned why the ERA has not reversed, or at least halted, this downward trend. So far research has...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Supportive Legislation, Unsupportive Employers and Collective Bargaining in New Zealand","attachmentId":97488101,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95256794/Supportive_Legislation_Unsupportive_Employers_and_Collective_Bargaining_in_New_Zealand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95256794/Supportive_Legislation_Unsupportive_Employers_and_Collective_Bargaining_in_New_Zealand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="75012766" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75012766/Impact_of_New_Zealands_Employment_Contracts_Act_of_Industrial_Relations_The">Impact of New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act of Industrial Relations, The</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31397813" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisEichbaum">Chris Eichbaum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cal. 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Int'l LJ, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of New Zealand's Employment Contracts Act of Industrial Relations, The","attachmentId":82954670,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75012766/Impact_of_New_Zealands_Employment_Contracts_Act_of_Industrial_Relations_The","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75012766/Impact_of_New_Zealands_Employment_Contracts_Act_of_Industrial_Relations_The"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="54916656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54916656/The_Impact_of_New_Zealand_s_Employment_Contracts_Act_A_Response_to_Rod_Lingard">The Impact of New Zealand’s Employment Contracts Act: A Response to Rod Lingard</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15982413" href="https://victoria.academia.edu/ChrisEichbaum">Chris Eichbaum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Agenda - A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of New Zealand’s Employment Contracts Act: A Response to Rod Lingard","attachmentId":71043885,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54916656/The_Impact_of_New_Zealand_s_Employment_Contracts_Act_A_Response_to_Rod_Lingard","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54916656/The_Impact_of_New_Zealand_s_Employment_Contracts_Act_A_Response_to_Rod_Lingard"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="91885854" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91885854/The_Politics_and_Law_of_Trade_Union_Recognition_Democracy_Human_Rights_and_Pragmatism_in_the_New_Zealand_and_British_Context">The Politics and Law of Trade Union Recognition: Democracy, Human Rights and Pragmatism in the New Zealand and British Context</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15114798" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/TNovitz">Tonia Novitz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Victoria University of Wellington Law Review, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this article, we seek to examine the potential for cross-fertilisation of legal regimes relating to trade union representation of members in collective bargaining. The United Kingdom has moved from an entirely voluntarist model in the 1980s to a statutory regime which facilitates recognition of a trade union following majority support from workers (usually by a ballot). By way of contrast, New Zealand has shifted from a highly regulated award-based model in the 1980s to an &quot;agency&quot; model whereby an employer is required to bargain in good faith with any union representing two or more of the employer&#39;s employees, but with some balloting also contemplated for coverage of non-unionised workers. It is uncontroversial that the United Kingdom legislation has been severely limited in its effects in a context of ongoing decline in collective bargaining, while the New Zealand model offers only faint remediation of the dismembering of the collective bargaining system by the Em...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Politics and Law of Trade Union Recognition: Democracy, Human Rights and Pragmatism in the New Zealand and British Context","attachmentId":95045712,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91885854/The_Politics_and_Law_of_Trade_Union_Recognition_Democracy_Human_Rights_and_Pragmatism_in_the_New_Zealand_and_British_Context","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91885854/The_Politics_and_Law_of_Trade_Union_Recognition_Democracy_Human_Rights_and_Pragmatism_in_the_New_Zealand_and_British_Context"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21967871" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21967871/Contradictory_Rights_and_Unintended_Consequences_The_Early_Impact_of_the_Employment_Relations_Act_on_the_New_Zealand_Waterfront">Contradictory Rights and Unintended Consequences: The Early Impact of the Employment Relations Act on the New Zealand Waterfront</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22313981" href="https://uow.academia.edu/JamesReveley">James Reveley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Industrial Relations, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contradictory Rights and Unintended Consequences: The Early Impact of the Employment Relations Act on the New Zealand Waterfront","attachmentId":42683079,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21967871/Contradictory_Rights_and_Unintended_Consequences_The_Early_Impact_of_the_Employment_Relations_Act_on_the_New_Zealand_Waterfront","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21967871/Contradictory_Rights_and_Unintended_Consequences_The_Early_Impact_of_the_Employment_Relations_Act_on_the_New_Zealand_Waterfront"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="11237684" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11237684/We_are_independent_The_role_of_employers_in_the_formation_of_New_Unions_under_the_Employment_Relations_Act_2000">We are independent: The role of employers in the formation of New Unions under the Employment Relations Act 2000</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27155244" href="https://massey.academia.edu/JohnMurrie">John Murrie</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Labour, Employment and Work, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper reports on the formation, in New Zealand, of new, predominantly workplace based unions or New Unions under the Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA). Specifically it questions whether employers actively support and facilitate the formation of New Unions and whether they represent an independent form of employee representation. To date scholars have argued that employers play a significant, if not dominant, role in New Union formation that limits their ability to act independently. Some have questioned their status as genuine unions, and implied that many represent a form of de-collectivist strategy that deliberately seeks to undermine more genuine union organisations, through the formation of tame or company unions. This paper argues that New Union formation is an employee driven phenomenon, and that little evidence of employers deliberately precipitating, or dominating, the formation process can be found. New Unions operate independently of employers whose involvement is more likely to reflect an acceptance of workers’ legal right to organise collectively, established by the ERA, not a deliberate attempt to undermine existing unions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"We are independent: The role of employers in the formation of New Unions under the Employment Relations Act 2000","attachmentId":36845570,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11237684/We_are_independent_The_role_of_employers_in_the_formation_of_New_Unions_under_the_Employment_Relations_Act_2000","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11237684/We_are_independent_The_role_of_employers_in_the_formation_of_New_Unions_under_the_Employment_Relations_Act_2000"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="87289474" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87289474/The_impact_of_the_Workplace_Relations_Act_1996_Cth_the_views_of_five_Australian_trade_unions">The impact of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth.) - the views of five Australian trade unions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15677383" href="https://independent.academia.edu/julianteicher">julian teicher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Workplace Relations Act (WRA) constitutes a profound change in Australian workplace relations. As a result, the current legislative environment challenges trade unions in a myriad of ways, as does the continual decline in trade union density. However, comparatively few studies have investigated the relationship between the WRA and the decline in union density at the federal level in Australia. This paper examines the impact of the WRA on five Australian trade unions by investigating the relationship between the legislation and declining union density. The findings suggest that the WRA has not had a direct and immediate impact on trade union density, yet has impacted indirectly, on the union movement as a whole. This is demonstrated by a &#39;cultural shift&#39; toward individualised workplace relations. The paper concludes that the relationship between the WRA and declining union density warrants further attention, given the emergence of an individualistic mindset at the broader...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The impact of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth.) - the views of five Australian trade unions","attachmentId":91540398,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87289474/The_impact_of_the_Workplace_Relations_Act_1996_Cth_the_views_of_five_Australian_trade_unions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87289474/The_impact_of_the_Workplace_Relations_Act_1996_Cth_the_views_of_five_Australian_trade_unions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35027438,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35027438,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_35027438" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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