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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_rumah_hijau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_rumah_hijau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gas rumah hijau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_rumah_hijau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penerangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penerangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penerangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penerangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mekanisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mekanisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mekanisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mekanisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peranan_dalam_perubahan_iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peranan_dalam_perubahan_iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Peranan dalam perubahan iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peranan_dalam_perubahan_iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akibat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akibat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Akibat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Akibat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Akibat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Akibat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pada_suhu_global" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pada_suhu_global"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pada suhu global</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pada_suhu_global-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaedah_mengurangkan_kesan_rumah_hijau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaedah_mengurangkan_kesan_rumah_hijau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kaedah mengurangkan kesan rumah hijau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaedah_mengurangkan_kesan_rumah_hijau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kesan rumah hijau</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 92 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kweekhuiseffek" title="Kweekhuiseffek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kweekhuiseffek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="تأثير البيت الزجاجي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تأثير البيت الزجاجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecto_hibernadero" title="Efecto hibernadero – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Efecto hibernadero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1" title="সেউজ গৃহ প্ৰভাৱ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সেউজ গৃহ প্ৰভাৱ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efeutu_ivernaderu" title="Efeutu ivernaderu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Efeutu ivernaderu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stixana_effekti" title="İstixana effekti – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstixana effekti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efek_rumah_kaca" title="Efek rumah kaca – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Efek rumah kaca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="গ্রিনহাউজ প্রতিক্রিয়া – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিনহাউজ প্রতিক্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un-sek_h%C4%81u-%C3%A8ng" title="Un-sek hāu-èng – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Un-sek hāu-èng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Парніковы эфект – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парніковы эфект" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efekt_staklenika" title="Efekt staklenika – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Efekt staklenika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Парников ефект – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парников ефект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecte_d%27hivernacle" title="Efecte d'hivernacle – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Efecte d'hivernacle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklen%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_efekt" title="Skleníkový efekt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skleníkový efekt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effaith_t%C5%B7_gwydr" title="Effaith tŷ gwydr – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Effaith tŷ gwydr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivhuseffekt" title="Drivhuseffekt – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Drivhuseffekt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="لحتيباس لحراري – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحتيباس لحراري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treibhauseffekt" title="Treibhauseffekt – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Treibhauseffekt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="हरितगृह प्रभाव – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="हरितगृह प्रभाव" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvuhooneefekt" title="Kasvuhooneefekt – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasvuhooneefekt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Greenhouse effect" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecto_invernadero" title="Efecto invernadero – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Efecto invernadero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forceja_efiko" title="Forceja efiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Forceja efiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berotegi-efektua" title="Berotegi-efektua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berotegi-efektua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="اثر گلخانه‌ای – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اثر گلخانه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_serre" title="Effet de serre – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Effet de serre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarmhairt_cheaptha_teasa" title="Iarmhairt cheaptha teasa – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iarmhairt cheaptha teasa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buaidh_an_taigh-ghloine" title="Buaidh an taigh-ghloine – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Buaidh an taigh-ghloine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efecto_invernadoiro" title="Efecto invernadoiro – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Efecto invernadoiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="온실 효과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A7%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF" title="Ջերմոցային էֆեկտ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմոցային էֆեկտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Dinak_staklenika" title="Učinak staklenika – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Učinak staklenika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplic-efekto" title="Teplic-efekto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teplic-efekto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmet%E1%BB%A5ta_okpom%E1%BB%8Dk%E1%BB%A5" title="Mmetụta okpomọkụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmetụta okpomọkụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effecto_conservatorio" title="Effecto conservatorio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Effecto conservatorio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B3%C3%B0urh%C3%BAsa%C3%A1hrif" title="Gróðurhúsaáhrif – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gróðurhúsaáhrif" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effetto_serra" title="Effetto serra – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Effetto serra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%94" title="אפקט החממה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפקט החממה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE" title="ಹಸಿರುಮನೆ ಪರಿಣಾಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಸಿರುಮನೆ ಪರಿಣಾಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სათბურის ეფექტი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სათბურის ეფექტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Көшетхана эффектісі – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көшетхана эффектісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Парник эффектиси – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Парник эффектиси" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ef%C3%A8_t%C3%A8mik" title="Efè tèmik – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Efè tèmik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7" title="ຜົນກະທົບເຮືອນແກ້ວ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຜົນກະທົບເຮືອນແກ້ວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effectus_thermocepicus" title="Effectus thermocepicus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Effectus thermocepicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltumn%C4%ABcas_efekts" title="Siltumnīcas efekts – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siltumnīcas efekts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A4reneffekt" title="Zäreneffekt – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zäreneffekt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iltnamio_efektas" title="Šiltnamio efektas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiltnamio efektas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eff%C3%A8tt_s%C3%A8rra" title="Effètt sèrra – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Effètt sèrra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cvegh%C3%A1zhat%C3%A1s" title="Üvegházhatás – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Üvegházhatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ефект на стаклена градина – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ефект на стаклена градина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="ഹരിതഗൃഹപ്രഭാവം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹരിതഗൃഹപ്രഭാവം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="हरितगृह परिणाम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हरितगृह परिणाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broeikaseffect" title="Broeikaseffect – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Broeikaseffect" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="हरितगृह प्रभाव – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हरितगृह प्रभाव" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C" title="温室効果 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="温室効果" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivhuseffekt" title="Drivhuseffekt – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Drivhuseffekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drivhuseffekt" title="Drivhuseffekt – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Drivhuseffekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efi%C3%A8ch_de_s%C3%A8rra" title="Efièch de sèrra – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Efièch de sèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issiqxona_effekti" title="Issiqxona effekti – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Issiqxona effekti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5" title="ਗ੍ਰੀਨਹਾਊਸ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ੍ਰੀਨਹਾਊਸ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%87" title="د شنې خونې اغېزه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د شنې خونې اغېزه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efekt_cieplarniany" title="Efekt cieplarniany – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Efekt cieplarniany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efeito_estufa" title="Efeito estufa – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Efeito estufa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efect_de_ser%C4%83" title="Efect de seră – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Efect de seră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacha_q%27u%C3%B1ichiy" title="Pacha q'uñichiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pacha q'uñichiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Парниковый эффект – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парниковый эффект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efekti_serr%C3%AB" title="Efekti serrë – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Efekti serrë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="හරිතාගාර ආචරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හරිතාගාර ආචරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greenhouse effect" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklen%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_efekt" title="Skleníkový efekt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skleníkový efekt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Dinek_tople_grede" title="Učinek tople grede – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Učinek tople grede" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efekat_staklene_ba%C5%A1te" title="Efekat staklene bašte – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Efekat staklene bašte" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efekt_staklenika" title="Efekt staklenika – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Efekt staklenika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvihuoneilmi%C3%B6" title="Kasvihuoneilmiö – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvihuoneilmiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4xthuseffekten" title="Växthuseffekten – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Växthuseffekten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epektong_greenhouse" title="Epektong greenhouse – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Epektong greenhouse" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="பைங்குடில் விளைவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பைங்குடில் விளைவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="గ్రీన్‌హౌస్ ప్రభావం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రీన్‌హౌస్ ప్రభావం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81" title="ปรากฏการณ์เรือนกระจก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรากฏการณ์เรือนกระจก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%E1%BB%A9ng_nh%C3%A0_k%C3%ADnh" title="Hiệu ứng nhà kính – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệu ứng nhà kính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D3%A3" title="Асари гулхонаӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асари гулхонаӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sera_etkisi" title="Sera etkisi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sera etkisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Парниковий ефект – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парниковий ефект" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%81%D9%81%DB%90%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%89" title="پارنىك ئېففېكتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پارنىك ئېففېكتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="温室效应 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="温室效应" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="溫室效應 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溫室效應" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesir%C3%AA_sera" title="Tesirê sera – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tesirê sera" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="温室效应 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="温室效应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kesan_rumah_hijau" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Kesan_rumah_hijau" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kesan_rumah_hijau"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kesan_rumah_hijau"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kesan_rumah_hijau" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kesan_rumah_hijau" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&oldid=6236615" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kesan_rumah_hijau&id=6236615&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKesan_rumah_hijau"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKesan_rumah_hijau"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kesan+rumah+hijau"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greenhouse_effect" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41560" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">""Efek rumah kaca"" dilencongkan ke sini. Untuk kugiran muzik yang diberi nama sama, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Efek_Rumah_Kaca" title="Efek Rumah Kaca">Efek Rumah Kaca</a>.</div> <p><b>Kesan rumah hijau</b> atau <b>kesan rumah kaca</b> ialah proses dimana sinaran dari atmosfera planet akan memanaskan permukaan planet tersebut kepada suatu suhu melebihi suhunya tanpa atmosfera. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Climate_Change_Schematic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Climate_Change_Schematic.svg/300px-Climate_Change_Schematic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Climate_Change_Schematic.svg/450px-Climate_Change_Schematic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Climate_Change_Schematic.svg/600px-Climate_Change_Schematic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Gas rumah hijau membenarkan cahaya matahari untuk melalui atmosfera, lalu menyerap dan memantul sinaran inframerah (haba) yang dijana oleh planet.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Greenhouse_Effect_(2017_NASA_data).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Greenhouse_Effect_%282017_NASA_data%29.svg/300px-Greenhouse_Effect_%282017_NASA_data%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Greenhouse_Effect_%282017_NASA_data%29.svg/450px-Greenhouse_Effect_%282017_NASA_data%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Greenhouse_Effect_%282017_NASA_data%29.svg/600px-Greenhouse_Effect_%282017_NASA_data%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Tenaga mengalir melalui angkasa, atmosfera, dan permukaan bumi dengan gas rumah hijau di atmosfera memerangkap kebanyakkan dari haba yang dipantulkan oleh permukaan bumi.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gas_rumah_hijau" title="Gas rumah hijau">Gas rumah hijau</a> yang wujud di atmosfera sesebuah planet akan membebaskan tenaga ke semua arah. Sebahagian dari tenaga ini akan terarah kepada permukaan lalu memanaskannya.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a> juga mempunyai kesan yang serupa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intensiti sinaran ke permukaan, iaitu kekuatan kesan rumah hijau bergantung kepada kuantiti gas rumah hijau dan aerosol yang terkandung dalam atmosfera. Suhu akan meningkat sehingga mencapai keseimbangan dengan kadar sinaran ke atmosfera, yang menyejukkan permukaan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kesan rumah hijau yang berlaku secara semulajadi di bumi amat penting untuk menyokong kehidupan. Namun, aktiviti manusia terutamanya pembakaran bahan api fosil dan penebangan hutan secara berleluasa telah meningkatkan kesan rumah hijau dan menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemanasan global">pemanasan global</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Planet zuhrah mengalami kesan rumah hijau tidak terkawal, mengakibatkan atmosferanya mengandungi 96% karbon dioksida dan tekanan atmosferik pada permukaan adalah hampir sama seperti 900m di bawah laut di bumi. <sup id="cite_ref-Jakosky_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jakosky-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gas_rumah_hijau">Gas rumah hijau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Gas rumah hijau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Gas rumah hijau"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Empat daripada gas utama yang menyumbang kepada kesan rumah hijau ialah : <sup id="cite_ref-realclimate.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclimate.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kiehl197_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiehl197-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:CO2_H2O_absorption_atmospheric_gases_unique_pattern_energy_wavelengths_of_energy_transparent_to_others.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CO2_H2O_absorption_atmospheric_gases_unique_pattern_energy_wavelengths_of_energy_transparent_to_others.png/700px-CO2_H2O_absorption_atmospheric_gases_unique_pattern_energy_wavelengths_of_energy_transparent_to_others.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/CO2_H2O_absorption_atmospheric_gases_unique_pattern_energy_wavelengths_of_energy_transparent_to_others.png 1.5x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="107" /></a><figcaption>Gas-gas di atmosfera hanya menyerap sesetengah gelombang tenaga dan lutsinar kepada yang lain. Corak penyerapan wap air (puncak biru) dan karbon dioksida (puncak merah) bertindih di beberapa kawasan. Karbon dioksida bukanlah gas rumah hijau yang sekuat wap air, namun menyerap tenaga pada gelombang yang lebih panjang (12-15 mikrometer) yang tidak diserap wap air. (Illustrasi NASA, Robert Rohde)<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_climate_forcings_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_climate_forcings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wap_air" title="Wap air">Wap air</a>, 36–70%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">Karbon dioksida</a>, 9–26%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metana" title="Metana">Metana</a>, 4–9%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">Ozon</a>, 3–7%</li></ul> <p>Nilai-nilai yang diberikan hanyalah julat kerana tidak mungkin untuk meletakkan nilai yang spesifik bagi setiap gas kerana jalur penyerapan dan pembebasan gas-gas tersebut bertindih. Awan juga menyerap dan membebaskan sinaran inframerah yang memberi kesan kepada ciri sinaran atmosfera.<sup id="cite_ref-kiehl197_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiehl197-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penerangan">Penerangan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Penerangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penerangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Solar_spectrum_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Solar_spectrum_en.svg/220px-Solar_spectrum_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Solar_spectrum_en.svg/330px-Solar_spectrum_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Solar_spectrum_en.svg/440px-Solar_spectrum_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Spektrum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaran_Suria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaran Suria (laman tidak wujud)">Sinaran Suria</a> bagi cahaya tampak di bahagian atas atmosfera bumi dan di permukaan laut.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bumi menerima tenaga dari Matahari dalam bentuk sinar UV, cahaya tampak, dan sinar inframerah dekat. Sebanyak 26% dari tenaga suria yang mencapai bumi dipantulkan semula ke angkasa oleh atmosfera dan awan, dan 19% diserap oleh atmosfera dan awan. Kebanyakkan yang tinggal diserap pada permukaan bumi. Kerana permukaan bumi lebih sejuk dari matahari, bumi membebaskan tenaga dalam bentuk gelombang tenaga yang lebih panjang dari yang diserapnya (sinar inframerah). Kebanyakkan dari sinar ini diserap oleh atmosfera dan memanaskannya. Atmosfera juga memperoleh haba daripada fluks (sensible heat) dan latent heat dari permukaan bumi. Atmosfera menyinarkan tenaganya keangkasa dan kebumi, dengan bahagian yang disinarkan ke bumi diserap oleh permukaan, lalu menyebabkan suhu ekuilibrium yang lebih tinggi berbanding jika atmosfera tidak menyinarkan tenaga. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasad_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasad Hitam (laman tidak wujud)">Jasad Hitam</a> ideal berada pada jarak sama dari matahari seperti bumi akan mempunyai suhu sekitar 5.3 °C (41.5 °F). Namun, kerana Bumi memantulkan 30%<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harvard_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> daripada cahaya matahari yang tiba, suhu efektif planet hipotetikal ini akan berada sekitar −18 °C (0 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPCC4_ch01_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCC4_ch01-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suhu permukaan planet hipotetikal ini ialah 33 °C (59 °F) dibawah suhu permukaan bumi sebenar pada 14 °C (57 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kesan rumah hijau ialah peranan gas rumah hijau dan aerosol untuk meningkatkan suhu bumi dengan lebih tinggi daripada suhu hipotetikal tersebut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mekanisme">Mekanisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Mekanisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mekanisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tenaga haba yang memasuki Bumi akan bertindak secara beberapa bahagian : </p> <ul><li>25% dipantulkan oleh awan atau partikel lain di atmosfera</li> <li>25% diserap awan</li> <li>45% diserap permukaan bumi</li> <li>10% dipantulkan kembali oleh permukaan bumi</li></ul> <p>Tenaga yang diserap dipantulkan kembali dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Sinar_inframerah" title="Sinar inframerah">sinaran inframerah</a> oleh awan dan permukaan bumi. Namun, sebahagian besar sinar yang dipancarkan bumi ditahan awan dan gas CO<sub>2</sub> serta gas lain agar dikembalikan ke permukaan bumi. Kesan ini diperlukan dalam situasi normal agar suhu persekitaran antara siang dan malam di bumi tidak terlalu drastik. </p><p>Pelepasan gas yang mengakibatkan fenomena sebegini boleh berlaku baik secara semulajadi atau hasil perbuatan manusia: secara semulajadinya, gas rumah hijau dilepaskan hasil <a href="/wiki/Letusan_gunung_berapi" title="Letusan gunung berapi">letusan gunung berapi</a> yang membebaskan gas-gas jenis sulfur dan karbon. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembakaran_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembakaran hutan (laman tidak wujud)">Pembakaran hutan</a> akibat <a href="/wiki/Petir" title="Petir">petir</a> juga akan memberi kesan. Secara buatan manusia, kesan rumah hijau kebanyakan berpunca daripada pembebasan bahan pencemar udara, seperti asap daripada kenderaan dan kilang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peranan_dalam_perubahan_iklim">Peranan dalam perubahan iklim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Peranan dalam perubahan iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peranan dalam perubahan iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg/220px-Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg/330px-Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg/440px-Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengkungan_Keeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengkungan Keeling (laman tidak wujud)">Lengkungan Keeling</a> bagi keekatan CO<sub>2</sub> di atmosfera yang diukur di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balai_Cerap_Mauna_Loa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balai Cerap Mauna Loa (laman tidak wujud)">Balai Cerap Mauna Loa</a> </figcaption></figure><p>. </p><p>Peningkatan kesan rumah hijau disebabkan aktiviti manusia juga dikenali sebagai kesan rumah hijau anthropogenik.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peningkatan pemaksaan sinaran dari aktiviti manusia telah diperhatikan secara terus<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> disebabkan oleh peningkatan kepekatan karbon dioksida di atmosfera.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengikut laporan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laporan_Penilaian_Kelima_Panel_Antara_Kerajaan_tentang_Perubahan_Iklim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laporan Penilaian Kelima Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim (laman tidak wujud)">Laporan Penilaian 2014</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Panel_Antara_Kerajaan_tentang_Perubahan_Iklim" title="Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim">Panel Antara Kerajaan tentang Perubahan Iklim</a>, kepekatan karbon dioksida, metana dan nitrus oksida di atmosfera telah mencapai tahap yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak 800,000 tahun yang lalu. Kesannya, bersama-sama sumber antropogenik yang lain, telah dikesan dan sangat berkemungkinan sebagai punca utama peningkatan suhu yang dicatat sejak pertengahan abad ke-20.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CO<sub>2</sub> yang dihasilkan daripada pembakaran bahan api fosil dan juga aktiviti-aktiviti lain seperti penghasilan simen dan penebangan hutan tropika.<sup id="cite_ref-IPCC_deforestation_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCC_deforestation-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ukuran kepekatan karbon dioksida dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balai_Cerap_Mauna_Loa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balai Cerap Mauna Loa (laman tidak wujud)">Balai Cerap Mauna Loa</a> menunjukkan yang kepekatannya telah meningkat dari 313 ppm pada 1960, dan melepasi 400 ppm pada 9 Mei 2013. Kepekatan karbon dioksida yang direkod pada masa ini melepasi rekod geologi maksimum (≈300 ppm) dari data teras ais. Kesan karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan oleh pembakaran terhadap kesan rumah hijau, kes khas kesan rumah hijau telah diterangkan buat pertama sekali pada 1896 oleh <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a>, yang juga dipanggil kesan Callendar. </p><p>Sejak 800,000 tahun yang lalu,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> data teras ais menunjukkan bahawa kepekatan karbon dioksida berubah dengan nilai serendah 180 ppm ke paras pra-industri sebanyak 270 ppm.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahli paleoklimatologi menganggap bahawa variasi dalam kepekatan karbon dioksida sebagai faktor utama yang mempengaruhi variasi iklim dalam skala masa ini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akibat">Akibat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Akibat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Akibat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pada_suhu_global">Pada suhu global</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Pada suhu global" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pada suhu global"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peningkatan suhu permukaan bumi akan mengakibatkan <a href="/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Perubahan iklim">perubahan iklim</a> yang sangat ekstrem di bumi lalu menjejaskan persekiaran <a href="/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan">hutan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistem</a> lainnya sehingga mengurangkan kemampuannya menyerap karbon dioksida di atmosfera. <a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemanasan global">Pemanasan global</a> yang meluas boleh menyebabkan lapisan ais di kedua-dua kutub bumi, terutamanya <a href="/wiki/Aisberg" title="Aisberg">aisberg</a>, mengalami pencairan dan menyebabkan peningkatan aras laut. Fenomena pemanasan juga akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya suhu <a href="/wiki/Air_laut" title="Air laut">air laut</a> sehingga mampu menenggelamkan pulau kecil di negara <a href="/wiki/Pulau" title="Pulau">kepulauan</a> lalu membawa dampak perubahan yang sangat besar kepada kependudukan manusia </p><p>Menurut perhitungan simulasi, kesan rumah kaca telah meningkatkan suhu purata bumi dalam julat 1 hingga 5 °C. Sekiranya kecenderungan peningkatan gas rumah kaca akan kekal seperti sekarang, maka peningkatan <a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemanasan global">pemanasan global</a> antara 1.5-4.5 °C sekitar tahun 2030. Peningkatan kepekatan gas CO<sub>2</sub> di atmosfera akan meningkatkan banyak gelombang panas terpantul dari permukaan bumi lalu diserap atmosfera lalu meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">suhu</a> permukaan bumi secara beransur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaedah_mengurangkan_kesan_rumah_hijau">Kaedah mengurangkan kesan rumah hijau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Kaedah mengurangkan kesan rumah hijau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kaedah mengurangkan kesan rumah hijau"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antara kaedah untuk mengurangkan kesan rumah hijau ini ialah melalui penjimatan tenaga. Jikalau manusia dapat mengurangkan penggunaan kenderaan dengan banyak menggunakan pengangkutan awam, pembebasan gas rumah hijau dapat dikurangkan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFVaclav_Smil2003" class="citation book cs1">Vaclav Smil (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ntHWPMUgpMC&pg=PA107"><i>The Earth's Biosphere: Evolution, Dynamics, and Change</i></a>. MIT Press. m/s. 107. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-262-69298-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-262-69298-4"><bdi>978-0-262-69298-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160829131305/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ntHWPMUgpMC&pg=PA107">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 29 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earth%27s+Biosphere%3A+Evolution%2C+Dynamics%2C+and+Change&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-262-69298-4&rft.au=Vaclav+Smil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ntHWPMUgpMC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLacisHansenSato1992" class="citation journal cs1">Lacis, Andrew; Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/92GL01620">"Climate forcing by stratospheric aerosols"</a>. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). <b>19</b> (15): 1607–1610. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992GeoRL..19.1607L">1992GeoRL..19.1607L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F92GL01620">10.1029/92GL01620</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1944-8007">1944-8007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Climate+forcing+by+stratospheric+aerosols&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=1607-1610&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1944-8007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F92GL01620&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992GeoRL..19.1607L&rft.aulast=Lacis&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Hansen%2C+James&rft.au=Sato%2C+Makiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1029%2F92GL01620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca2009" class="citation web cs1">Rebecca, Lindsey (2009-01-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php">"Climate and Earth's Energy Budget : Feature Articles"</a>. <i>earthobservatory.nasa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082936/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page1.php">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2020-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthobservatory.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Climate+and+Earth%27s+Energy+Budget+%3A+Feature+Articles&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.aulast=Rebecca&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2Ffeatures%2FEnergyBalance%2Fpage1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIPCC_AR4_WG12007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/IPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPCC">IPCC AR4 WG1</a> (2007), Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Tignor, M.; Miller, H.L. (penyunting), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-3.html"><i>Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis</i></a>, Contribution of Working Group I to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPCC_Fourth_Assessment_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (laman tidak wujud)">Fourth Assessment Report</a> of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-88009-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-88009-1"><bdi>978-0-521-88009-1</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805034123/https://archive.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-3.html">diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 5 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climate+Change+2007%3A+The+Physical+Science+Basis&rft.series=Contribution+of+Working+Group+I+to+the+Fourth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88009-1&rft.au=IPCC+AR4+WG1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipcc.ch%2Fpublications_and_data%2Far4%2Fwg1%2Fen%2Ffaq-1-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span> (pb: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-70596-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-70596-7">978-0-521-70596-7</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jakosky-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jakosky_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJakosky1999" class="citation book cs1">Jakosky, Bruce M. 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RealClimate. 6 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070624015308/http://www.realclimate.org/index.php?p=142">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 24 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(February 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf">"Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</i>. <b>78</b> (2): 197–208. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997BAMS...78..197K">1997BAMS...78..197K</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.168.831">10.1.1.168.831</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0477%281997%29078%3C0197%3AEAGMEB%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:EAGMEB>2.0.CO;2</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 2006-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2006-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+Annual+Global+Mean+Energy+Budget&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=197-208&rft.date=1997-02&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.168.831%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2F1520-0477%281997%29078%3C0197%3AEAGMEB%3E2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997BAMS...78..197K&rft.aulast=Kiehl&rft.aufirst=J.T.&rft.au=Trenberth%2C+Kevin+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atmo.arizona.edu%2Fstudents%2Fcourselinks%2Fspring04%2Fatmo451b%2Fpdf%2FRadiationBudget.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_climate_forcings-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_climate_forcings_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/page7.php">"NASA: Climate Forcings and Global Warming"</a>. January 14, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418152758/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page7.php">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3A+Climate+Forcings+and+Global+Warming&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2FFeatures%2FEnergyBalance%2Fpage7.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">"NASA Earth Fact Sheet"</a>. Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225024603/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 25 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Earth+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fearthfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvard-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvard_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJacob1999" class="citation book cs1">Jacob, Daniel J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap7.html">"7. The Greenhouse Effect"</a>. <i>Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1400841547" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1400841547"><bdi>978-1400841547</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101003035132/http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap7.html">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 3 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.+The+Greenhouse+Effect&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Atmospheric+Chemistry&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1400841547&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facmg.seas.harvard.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fdjj%2Fbook%2Fbookchap7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/radiation/">"Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance"</a>. Eesc.columbia.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solar+Radiation+and+the+Earth%27s+Energy+Balance&rft.pub=Eesc.columbia.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feesc.columbia.edu%2Fcourses%2Fees%2Fclimate%2Flectures%2Fradiation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCC4_ch01-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPCC4_ch01_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Chapter 1: Historical overview of climate change science</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126204443/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 26 November 2018 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> page 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The elusive "absolute surface air temperature," see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html">GISS discussion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093320/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/abs_temp.html">Diarkibkan</a> 5 September 2015 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.org.au/nova/016/016glo.htm">"Enhanced greenhouse effect — Glossary"</a>. <i>Nova</i>. Australian Academy of Scihuman impact on the environment. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080401065308/http://www.science.org.au/nova/016/016glo.htm">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 1 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nova&rft.atitle=Enhanced+greenhouse+effect+%E2%80%94+Glossary&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org.au%2Fnova%2F016%2F016glo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_McSweeney2015" class="citation web cs1">Robert McSweeney (2015-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/new-study-directly-measures-greenhouse-effect-at-earths-surface">"New study directly measures greenhouse effect at Earth's surface"</a>. Carbon Brief. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418151415/https://www.carbonbrief.org/new-study-directly-measures-greenhouse-effect-at-earths-surface">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+study+directly+measures+greenhouse+effect+at+Earth%27s+surface&rft.pub=Carbon+Brief&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft.au=Robert+McSweeney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fnew-study-directly-measures-greenhouse-effect-at-earths-surface&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-03-humans-earth-energy.html">"Direct observations confirm that humans are throwing Earth's energy budget off balance"</a>. <i>phys.org</i>. Science X. 2021-03-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418072159/https://phys.org/news/2021-03-humans-earth-energy.html">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Direct+observations+confirm+that+humans+are+throwing+Earth%27s+energy+budget+off+balance&rft.date=2021-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2021-03-humans-earth-energy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101024121935/http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/global_warming/Older/Enhanced_Greenhouse_Effect.html">"Enhanced Greenhouse Effect"</a>. Ace.mmu.ac.uk. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Global_Warming/Older/Enhanced_Greenhouse_Effect.html">yang asal</a> pada 2010-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enhanced+Greenhouse+Effect&rft.pub=Ace.mmu.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ace.mmu.ac.uk%2Feae%2FGlobal_Warming%2FOlder%2FEnhanced_Greenhouse_Effect.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf">"Synthesis Report: Summary for Policymakers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IPCC Fifth Assessment Report</i>. m/s. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123104020/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> daripada yang asal pada 23 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPCC+Fifth+Assessment+Report&rft.atitle=Synthesis+Report%3A+Summary+for+Policymakers&rft.pages=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fpdf%2Fassessment-report%2Far5%2Fsyr%2FAR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCC_deforestation-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPCC_deforestation_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IPCC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter7.pdf">Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I Report "The Physical Science Basis"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110315005004/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter7.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> 15 Mac 2011 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Chapter 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5314592.stm">"Deep ice tells long climate story"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2006-09-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6DIDU5ueW?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5314592.stm">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Deep+ice+tells+long+climate+story&rft.date=2006-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F5314592.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHileman_B2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hileman B (2005-11-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/83/i48/8348notw1.html">"Ice Core Record Extended"</a>. <i>Chemical & Engineering News</i>. <b>83</b> (48): 7. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v083n048.p007">10.1021/cen-v083n048.p007</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515033556/http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/83/i48/8348notw1.html">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 15 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Ice+Core+Record+Extended&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2005-11-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcen-v083n048.p007&rft.au=Hileman+B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fcen%2Fnews%2F83%2Fi48%2F8348notw1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKesan+rumah+hijau" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&oldid=6236615">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kesan_rumah_hijau&oldid=6236615</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pelencongan_hilang" title="Kategori:Pelencongan hilang">Pelencongan hilang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Atmosfera" title="Kategori:Atmosfera">Atmosfera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perubahan_iklim" title="Kategori:Perubahan iklim">Perubahan iklim</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Inggeris_(en)" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 22:46, 28 Jun 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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