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assessment</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: lifetime assessment"> <meta name="keywords" content="lifetime assessment"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="lifetime assessment"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6181</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: lifetime assessment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6181</span> Lifetime Assessment of Highly Efficient Metal-Based Air-Diffuser through Accelerated Degradation Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinyoung%20Choi">Jinyoung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Ho%20Yoon"> Tae-Ho Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunmook%20Lee"> Sunmook Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradation of standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE) with time was observed for the assessment of lifetime of metal-based air-diffuser, which displaced a polymer composite-based air-diffuser in order to attain a longer lifetime in the actual field. The degradation of air-diffuser occurred due to the failure of the formation of small and uniform air bubbles since the patterns formed on the disc of air-diffuser deteriorated and/or changed from their initial shapes while they were continuously exposed to the air blowing condition during the operation in the field. Therefore, the lifetime assessment of metal-based air-diffuser was carried out through an accelerated degradation test by accelerating the air-blowing conditions in 200 L/min, 300 L/min, and 400 L/min and the lifetime of normal operating condition at 120 L/min was predicted. It was found that Weibull distribution was the most proper one for describing the lifetime distribution of metal-based air-diffuser in the present study. The shape and scale parameters indicated that the accelerated blowing conditions were all within the acceleration domain. The lifetime was predicted by adopting inverse power model for a stress-life relationship and estimated to be B10=94,004 hrs with CL=95%. Acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Grant number: N0001475). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20degradation%20test" title="accelerated degradation test">accelerated degradation test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-diffuser" title=" air-diffuser"> air-diffuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20assessment" title=" lifetime assessment"> lifetime assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOTE" title=" SOTE"> SOTE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64857/lifetime-assessment-of-highly-efficient-metal-based-air-diffuser-through-accelerated-degradation-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6180</span> Lifetime Assessment for Test Strips of POCT Device through Accelerated Degradation Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinyoung%20Choi">Jinyoung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunmook%20Lee"> Sunmook Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In general, single parameter, i.e. temperature, as an accelerating parameter is used to assess the accelerated stability of Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) diagnostic devices. However, humidity also plays an important role in deteriorating the strip performance since major components of test strips are proteins such as enzymes. 4 different Temp./Humi. Conditions were used to assess the lifetime of strips. Degradation of test strips were studied through the accelerated stability test and the lifetime was assessed using commercial POCT products. The life distribution of strips, which were obtained by monitoring the failure time of test strip under each stress condition, revealed that the weibull distribution was the most proper distribution describing the life distribution of strips used in the present study. Equal shape parameters were calculated to be 0.9395 and 0.9132 for low and high concentrations, respectively. The lifetime prediction was made by adopting Peck Eq. Model for Stress-Life relationship, and the B10 life was calculated to be 70.09 and 46.65 hrs for low and high concentrations, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20degradation" title="accelerated degradation">accelerated degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20device" title=" diagnostic device"> diagnostic device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20assessment" title=" lifetime assessment"> lifetime assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POCT" title=" POCT"> POCT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39252/lifetime-assessment-for-test-strips-of-poct-device-through-accelerated-degradation-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6179</span> Ion Thruster Grid Lifetime Assessment Based on Its Structural Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Li">Juan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiawen%20Qiu"> Jiawen Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchuan%20Chu"> Yuchuan Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianping%20Zhang"> Tianping Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Meng"> Wei Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanhui%20Jia"> Yanhui Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohui%20Liu"> Xiaohui Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article developed an ion thruster optic system sputter erosion depth numerical 3D model by IFE-PIC (Immersed Finite Element-Particle-in-Cell) and Mont Carlo method, and calculated the downstream surface sputter erosion rate of accelerator grid; Compared with LIPS-200 life test data, the results of the numerical model are in reasonable agreement with the measured data. Finally, we predict the lifetime of the 20cm diameter ion thruster via the erosion data obtained with the model. The ultimate result demonstrates that under normal operating condition, the erosion rate of the grooves wears on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid is 34.6μm⁄1000h, which means the conservative lifetime until structural failure occurring on the accelerator grid is 11500 hours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20thruster" title="ion thruster">ion thruster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerator%20gird" title=" accelerator gird"> accelerator gird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sputter%20erosion" title=" sputter erosion"> sputter erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20assessment" title=" lifetime assessment"> lifetime assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33020/ion-thruster-grid-lifetime-assessment-based-on-its-structural-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6178</span> Testing of Small Local Zones by Means of Small Punch Test at Room and Creep Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclav%20Mentl">Vaclav Mentl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Volak"> Josef Volak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many industrial applications, materials are subjected to degradation of mechanical properties as a result of real service conditions, temperature, cyclic loading, humidity or other corrosive media, irradiation, their combination etc. The assessment of the remaining lifetime of components and structures is commonly based on correlated procedures including numerous destructive, non-destructive and mathematical techniques that should guarantee reasonably precise assessment of the current damage extent of materials in question and the remaining lifetime evaluation of the component under consideration. The answers to demands of customers to extend the lifetime of existing components beyond their original design life must be based on detailed assessment of the current degradation extent, what can be rarely realised by means of traditional mechanical (standardised) tests that need relatively large volumes of representative material for the test specimen manufacturing. This fact accelerated the research of miniaturised test specimen that can be sampled non-invasively from the component. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20punch%20test" title="small punch test">small punch test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title=" creep"> creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51445/testing-of-small-local-zones-by-means-of-small-punch-test-at-room-and-creep-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6177</span> Lifetime Improvement of IEEE.802.15.6 Sensors in Scheduled Access Mode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latif%20Adnane">Latif Adnane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Ait%20Zaouiat"> C. E. Ait Zaouiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Eddabbah"> M. Eddabbah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Wireless Body Area Networks, the issue of systems lifetime is a big challenge to complete. In this paper, we have tackled this subject to suggest some solutions. For this aim, we have studied some batteries characteristics related to human body temperature. Moreover, we have analyzed a mathematical model which defines sensors lifetime (battery lifetime). Based on this model, we note that the random access increases the energy consumption, because nodes are waking up during the whole superframe period. Results show that using scheduled mode access of IEEE 802.15.6 maximizes the lifetime function, by setting nodes in the sleep mode in the inactive period of transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE%20802.15.6" title=" IEEE 802.15.6"> IEEE 802.15.6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polling" title=" polling"> polling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53736/lifetime-improvement-of-ieee802156-sensors-in-scheduled-access-mode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6176</span> X-Ray Diffraction Technique as a Means for Degradation Assessment of Welded Joints </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Fiala">Jaroslav Fiala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Kaiser"> Jaroslav Kaiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Zlabek"> Pavel Zlabek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclav%20Mentl"> Vaclav Mentl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The X-ray diffraction technique was recognized as a useful tool for the assessment of material degradation degree after a long-time service. In many industrial applications materials are subjected to degradation of mechanical properties as a result of real service conditions. The assessment of the remnant lifetime of components and structures is commonly based on correlated procedures including numerous destructive, non-destructive and mathematical techniques that should guarantee reasonable precise assessment of the current damage extent of materials in question and the remnant lifetime assessment. This paper summarizes results of an experimental programme concentrated on mechanical properties degradation of welded components. Steel an Al-alloy test specimens of base metal, containing welds and simple weldments were fatigue loaded at room temperature to obtain Woehler S-N curve. X-ray diffraction technique was applied to assess the degradation degree of material as a result of cyclic loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20loading" title="fatigue loading">fatigue loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20degradation" title=" material degradation"> material degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steels" title=" steels"> steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AL-alloys" title=" AL-alloys"> AL-alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction "> X-ray diffraction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25238/x-ray-diffraction-technique-as-a-means-for-degradation-assessment-of-welded-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6175</span> Analyzing the Shearing-Layer Concept Applied to Urban Green System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pushkar">S. Pushkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Verbitsky"> O. Verbitsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, green rating systems are mainly utilized for correctly sizing mechanical and electrical systems, which have short lifetime expectancies. In these systems, passive solar and bio-climatic architecture, which have long lifetime expectancies, are neglected. Urban rating systems consider buildings and services in addition to neighborhoods and public transportation as integral parts of the built environment. The main goal of this study was to develop a more consistent point allocation system for urban building standards by using six different lifetime shearing layers: Site, Structure, Skin, Services, Space, and Stuff, each reflecting distinct environmental damages. This shearing-layer concept was applied to internationally well-known rating systems: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for Neighborhood Development, BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) for Communities, and Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE) for Urban Development. The results showed that LEED for Neighborhood Development and BREEAM for Communities focused on long-lifetime-expectancy building designs, whereas CASBEE for Urban Development gave equal importance to the Building and Service Layers. Moreover, although this rating system was applied using a building-scale assessment, “Urban Area + Buildings” focuses on a short-lifetime-expectancy system design, neglecting to improve the architectural design by considering bio-climatic and passive solar aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20rating%20system" title="green rating system">green rating system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20community" title=" urban community"> urban community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design" title=" sustainable design"> sustainable design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shearing-layer%20concept" title=" shearing-layer concept"> shearing-layer concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20solar%20architecture" title=" passive solar architecture"> passive solar architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20551/analyzing-the-shearing-layer-concept-applied-to-urban-green-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6174</span> Useful Lifetime Prediction of Rail Pads for High Speed Trains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Su%20Woo">Chang Su Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Sung%20Park"> Hyun Sung Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Useful lifetime evaluations of rail-pads were very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a suitable criterion for the replacement period of rail pads. In this study, we performed properties and accelerated heat aging tests of rail pads considering degradation factors and all environmental conditions including operation, and then derived a lifetime prediction equation according to changes in hardness, thickness, and static spring constants in the Arrhenius plot to establish how to estimate the aging of rail pads. With the useful lifetime prediction equation, the lifetime of e-clip pads was 2.5 years when the change in hardness was 10% at 25°C; and that of f-clip pads was 1.7 years. When the change in thickness was 10%, the lifetime of e-clip pads and f-clip pads is 2.6 years respectively. The results obtained in this study to estimate the useful lifetime of rail pads for high speed trains can be used for determining the maintenance and replacement schedule for rail pads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20pads" title="rail pads">rail pads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20test" title=" accelerated test"> accelerated test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arrhenius%20plot" title=" Arrhenius plot"> Arrhenius plot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=useful%20lifetime%20prediction" title=" useful lifetime prediction"> useful lifetime prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20engineering%20design" title=" mechanical engineering design"> mechanical engineering design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3182/useful-lifetime-prediction-of-rail-pads-for-high-speed-trains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6173</span> Exploring Structure of Human Chromosomes Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bhartiya">A. Bhartiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Botchway"> S. Botchway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yusuf"> M. Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Robinson"> I. Robinson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chromatin condensation is maintained by DNA-based proteins and some divalent cations (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, etc.). Condensation process during cell division maintains structural and functional organizations of chromosomes by transferring genetic information correctly to daughter cells. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) technique measures the fluorescence decay of fixed human chromosomes by calculating the lifetime of fluorophores at a pixel x of the arrival of each photon as a function of time delay t, following excitation with a laser pulse. Fixed metaphase human chromosomes were labelled with DNA-binding dye, DAPI and later DAPI fluorescence lifetime measured using multiphoton microscopy. 5 out of 23 pairs of human chromosomes shown shorter lifetime at the centromere region, differentiating proportion of compaction along the length of chromosomes. Different lifetime was observed in a condensed and de-condensed chromosome. It clearly indicates the involvement of divalent cations in the process of condensation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divalent%20cations" title="divalent cations">divalent cations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLIM%20%28Fluorescence%20Lifetime%20Imaging%29" title=" FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging)"> FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20chromosomes" title=" human chromosomes"> human chromosomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphoton%20microscopy" title=" multiphoton microscopy"> multiphoton microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81519/exploring-structure-of-human-chromosomes-using-fluorescence-lifetime-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6172</span> Useful Lifetime Prediction of Chevron Rubber Spring for Railway Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Su%20Woo">Chang Su Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Sung%20Park"> Hyun Sung Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Useful lifetime evaluation of chevron rubber spring was very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a suitable criterion for the replacement period of chevron rubber spring. In this study, we performed characteristic analysis and useful lifetime prediction of chevron rubber spring. Rubber material coefficient was obtained by curve fittings of uni-axial tension, equi bi-axial tension and pure shear test. Computer simulation was executed to predict and evaluate the load capacity and stiffness for chevron rubber spring. In order to useful lifetime prediction of rubber material, we carried out the compression set with heat aging test in an oven at the temperature ranging from 50°C to 100°C during a period 180 days. By using the Arrhenius plot, several useful lifetime prediction equations for rubber material was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chevron%20rubber%20spring" title="chevron rubber spring">chevron rubber spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20coefficient" title=" material coefficient"> material coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=useful%20lifetime%20prediction" title=" useful lifetime prediction"> useful lifetime prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33892/useful-lifetime-prediction-of-chevron-rubber-spring-for-railway-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6171</span> Residual Lifetime Estimation for Weibull Distribution by Fusing Expert Judgements and Censored Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Jia">Xiang Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Cheng"> Zhijun Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The residual lifetime of a product is the operation time between the current time and the time point when the failure happens. The residual lifetime estimation is rather important in reliability analysis. To predict the residual lifetime, it is necessary to assume or verify a particular distribution that the lifetime of the product follows. And the two-parameter Weibull distribution is frequently adopted to describe the lifetime in reliability engineering. Due to the time constraint and cost reduction, a life testing experiment is usually terminated before all the units have failed. Then the censored data is usually collected. In addition, other information could also be obtained for reliability analysis. The expert judgements are considered as it is common that the experts could present some useful information concerning the reliability. Therefore, the residual lifetime is estimated for Weibull distribution by fusing the censored data and expert judgements in this paper. First, the closed-forms concerning the point estimate and confidence interval for the residual lifetime under the Weibull distribution are both presented. Next, the expert judgements are regarded as the prior information and how to determine the prior distribution of Weibull parameters is developed. For completeness, the cases that there is only one, and there are more than two expert judgements are both focused on. Further, the posterior distribution of Weibull parameters is derived. Considering that it is difficult to derive the posterior distribution of residual lifetime, a sample-based method is proposed to generate the posterior samples of Weibull parameters based on the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method. And these samples are used to obtain the Bayes estimation and credible interval for the residual lifetime. Finally, an illustrative example is discussed to show the application. It demonstrates that the proposed method is rather simple, satisfactory, and robust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20judgements" title="expert judgements">expert judgements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20fusion" title=" information fusion"> information fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20lifetime" title=" residual lifetime"> residual lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110210/residual-lifetime-estimation-for-weibull-distribution-by-fusing-expert-judgements-and-censored-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6170</span> Computing Customer Lifetime Value in E-Commerce Websites with Regard to Returned Orders and Payment Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Giti">Morteza Giti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As online shopping is becoming increasingly popular, computing customer lifetime value for better knowing the customers is also gaining more importance. Two distinct factors that can affect the value of a customer in the context of online shopping is the number of returned orders and payment method. Returned orders are those which have been shipped but not collected by the customer and are returned to the store. Payment method refers to the way that customers choose to pay for the price of the order which are usually two: Pre-pay and Cash-on-delivery. In this paper, a novel model called RFMSP is presented to calculated the customer lifetime value, taking these two parameters into account. The RFMSP model is based on the common RFM model while adding two extra parameter. The S represents the order status and the P indicates the payment method. As a case study for this model, the purchase history of customers in an online shop is used to compute the customer lifetime value over a period of twenty months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFMSP%20model" title="RFMSP model">RFMSP model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AHP" title=" AHP"> AHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20lifetime%20value" title=" customer lifetime value"> customer lifetime value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-means%20clustering" title=" k-means clustering"> k-means clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30396/computing-customer-lifetime-value-in-e-commerce-websites-with-regard-to-returned-orders-and-payment-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6169</span> The Effect of Proper Drainage on the Cost of Building and Repairing Roads </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abbas%20Tabatabaei">Seyed Abbas Tabatabaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Amini"> Saeid Amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Ghafouri"> Hamid Reza Ghafouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important factors in flexible pavement failure is the lack of proper drainage along the roads. Water on the Paving Systems is one of the main parameters of pavement failure. Though, if water is discharged without delay and prior to discharge in order to prevent damaging the pavement the lifetime of the pavement will be considerably increased. In this study, duration of water stay and materials properties in pavement systems and the effects of aggregate gradation, and hydraulic conductivity of the drainage rate and Effects of subsurface drainage systems, drainage and reduction in the lifetime of the pavement have been studied. The study conducted in accordance with the terms offered can be concluded as under. The more hydraulic conductivity the less drainage time and the use of sub-surface drainage system causes two to three times of the pavement lifetime. In this research it has been tried by study and calculate the drained and undrained pavements lifetime by considering the effectiveness of water and drainage coefficient on flexible materials modulus and by using KENLAYER software to compare the present value cost of these pavements has been paid for a 20 year lifetime design. In this study, 14 pavement sections have been considered, of which 7 sections have been drained and 7 other not. Results show that drained pavements have more initial costs but the failure severity is so little in them and have longer lifetime for a 20 year lifetime design, the drained pavements seem so economic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage" title="drainage">drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20and%20sub-base" title=" base and sub-base"> base and sub-base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity%20modulus" title=" elasticity modulus"> elasticity modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation" title=" aggregation"> aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1249/the-effect-of-proper-drainage-on-the-cost-of-building-and-repairing-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6168</span> A Lifetime-Enhancing Monitoring Node Distribution Using Minimum Spanning Tree in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungchul%20Ha">Sungchul Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunwoo%20Kim"> Hyunwoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In mobile ad hoc networks, all nodes in a network only have limited resources and calculation ability. Therefore communication topology which have long lifetime is good for all nodes in mobile ad hoc networks. There are a variety of researches on security problems in wireless ad hoc networks. The existing many researches try to make efficient security schemes to reduce network power consumption and enhance network lifetime. Because a new node can join the network at any time, the wireless ad hoc networks are exposed to various threats and can be destroyed by attacks. Resource consumption is absolutely necessary to secure networks, but more resource consumption can be a critical problem to network lifetime. This paper focuses on efficient monitoring node distribution to enhance network lifetime in wireless ad hoc networks. Since the wireless ad hoc networks cannot use centralized infrastructure and security systems of wired networks, a new special IDS scheme is necessary. The scheme should not only cover all nodes in a network but also enhance the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an efficient IDS node distribution scheme using minimum spanning tree (MST) method. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance in comparison with existing algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANETs" title="MANETs">MANETs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title=" IDS"> IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20control" title=" power control"> power control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20spanning%20tree" title=" minimum spanning tree "> minimum spanning tree </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3530/a-lifetime-enhancing-monitoring-node-distribution-using-minimum-spanning-tree-in-mobile-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6167</span> A Bathtub Curve from Nonparametric Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20C.%20Guardia">Eduardo C. Guardia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20W.%20M.%20Lima"> Jose W. M. Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afonso%20H.%20M.%20Santos"> Afonso H. M. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a nonparametric method to obtain the hazard rate “Bathtub curve” for power system components. The model is a mixture of the three known phases of a component life, the decreasing failure rate (DFR), the constant failure rate (CFR) and the increasing failure rate (IFR) represented by three parametric Weibull models. The parameters are obtained from a simultaneous fitting process of the model to the Kernel nonparametric hazard rate curve. From the Weibull parameters and failure rate curves the useful lifetime and the characteristic lifetime were defined. To demonstrate the model the historic time-to-failure of distribution transformers were used as an example. The resulted “Bathtub curve” shows the failure rate for the equipment lifetime which can be applied in economic and replacement decision models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathtub%20curve" title="bathtub curve">bathtub curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20analysis" title=" failure analysis"> failure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20estimation" title=" lifetime estimation"> lifetime estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10780/a-bathtub-curve-from-nonparametric-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6166</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-Type Silicon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyong%20Il%20Chu"> Kyong Il Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25eV(A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54eV(B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6165</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-type Silicon for High-Speed Thyristor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GyongIl%20Chu"> GyongIl Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HoJong%20Ri"> HoJong Ri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS (Deep-level transient spectroscopy) measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25 eV (A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54 eV (B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gold" title=" Gold"> Gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Platinum" title=" Platinum"> Platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silicon" title=" Silicon"> Silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon-for-high-speed-thyristor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6164</span> Factors in a Sustainability Assessment of New Types of Closed Cavity Facades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Ver%C5%A1i%C4%87">Zoran Veršić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Gali%C4%87"> Josip Galić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marin%20Bini%C4%8Dki"> Marin Binički</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucija%20Stepinac"> Lucija Stepinac</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the current increase in CO₂ emissions and global warming, the sustainability of both existing and new solutions must be assessed on a wide scale. As the implementation of closed cavity facades (CCF) is on the rise, a variety of factors must be included in the analysis of new types of CCF. This paper aims to cover the relevant factors included in the sustainability assessment of new types of CCF. Several mathematical models are being used to describe the physical behavior of CCF. Depending on the type of CCF, they cover the main factors which affect the durability of the façade: thermal behavior of various elements in the façade, stress, and deflection of the glass panels, pressure inside a cavity, exchange rate, and the moisture buildup in the cavity. CCF itself represents a complex system in which all mentioned factors must be considered mutually. Still, the façade is only an envelope of a more complex system, the building. Choice of the façade dictates the heat loss and the heat gain, thermal comfort of inner space, natural lighting, and ventilation. Annual consumption of energy for heating, cooling, lighting, and maintenance costs will present the operational advantages or disadvantages of the chosen façade system in both the economic and environmental aspects. Still, the only operational viewpoint is not all-inclusive. As the building codes constantly demand higher energy efficiency as well as transfer to renewable energy sources, the ratio of embodied and lifetime operational energy footprint of buildings is changing. With the drop in operational energy CO₂ emissions, embodied energy emissions present a larger and larger share in the lifecycle emissions of the building. Taken all into account, the sustainability assessment of a façade, as well as other major building elements, should include all mentioned factors during the lifecycle of an element. The challenge of such an approach is a timescale. Depending on the climatic conditions on the building site, the expected lifetime of CCF can exceed 25 years. In such a time span, some of the factors can be estimated more precisely than others. The ones depending on the socio-economic conditions are more likely to be harder to predict than the natural ones like the climatic load. This work recognizes and summarizes the relevant factors needed for the assessment of new types of CCF, considering the entire lifetime of a façade element and economic and environmental aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20cavity%20fa%C3%A7ade" title=" closed cavity façade"> closed cavity façade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle" title=" life cycle"> life cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141946/factors-in-a-sustainability-assessment-of-new-types-of-closed-cavity-facades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6163</span> CERD: Cost Effective Route Discovery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuradha%20Banerjee">Anuradha Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mobile ad hoc network is an infrastructure less network, where nodes are free to move independently in any direction. The nodes have limited battery power; hence, we require energy efficient route discovery technique to enhance their lifetime and network performance. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient route discovery technique CERD that greatly reduces the number of route requests flooded into the network and also gives priority to the route request packets sent from the routers that has communicated with the destination very recently, in single or multi-hop paths. This does not only enhance the lifetime of nodes but also decreases the delay in tracking the destination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad%20hoc%20network" title="ad hoc network">ad hoc network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding" title=" flooding"> flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node%20lifetime" title=" node lifetime"> node lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=route%20discovery" title=" route discovery"> route discovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20336/cerd-cost-effective-route-discovery-in-mobile-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6162</span> Theoretical Prediction on the Lifetime of Sessile Evaporating Droplet in Blade Cooling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Shen">Yang Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongpan%20Cheng"> Yongpan Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinliang%20Xu"> Jinliang Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effective blade cooling is of great significance for improving the performance of turbine. The mist cooling emerges as the promising way compared with the transitional single-phase cooling. In the mist cooling, the injected droplet will evaporate rapidly, and cool down the blade surface due to the absorbed latent heat, hence the lifetime for evaporating droplet becomes critical for design of cooling passages for the blade. So far there have been extensive studies on the droplet evaporation, but usually the isothermal model is applied for most of the studies. Actually the surface cooling effect can affect the droplet evaporation greatly, it can prolong the droplet evaporation lifetime significantly. In our study, a new theoretical model for sessile droplet evaporation with surface cooling effect is built up in toroidal coordinate. Three evaporation modes are analyzed during the evaporation lifetime, include “Constant Contact Radius”(CCR) mode、“Constant Contact Angle”(CCA) mode and “stick-slip”(SS) mode. The dimensionless number E0 is introduced to indicate the strength of the evaporative cooling, it is defined based on the thermal properties of the liquid and the atmosphere. Our model can predict accurately the lifetime of evaporation by validating with available experimental data. Then the temporal variation of droplet volume, contact angle and contact radius are presented under CCR, CCA and SS mode, the following conclusions are obtained. 1) The larger the dimensionless number E0, the longer the lifetime of three evaporation cases is; 2) The droplet volume over time still follows “2/3 power law” in the CCA mode, as in the isothermal model without the cooling effect; 3) In the “SS” mode, the large transition contact angle can reduce the evaporation time in CCR mode, and increase the time in CCA mode, the overall lifetime will be increased; 4) The correction factor for predicting instantaneous volume of the droplet is derived to predict the droplet life time accurately. These findings may be of great significance to explore the dynamics and heat transfer of sessile droplet evaporation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blade%20cooling" title="blade cooling">blade cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet%20evaporation" title=" droplet evaporation"> droplet evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20analysis" title=" theoretical analysis"> theoretical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118748/theoretical-prediction-on-the-lifetime-of-sessile-evaporating-droplet-in-blade-cooling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6161</span> Differences in Guilt, Shame, Self-Anger, and Suicide Cognitions Based on Recent Suicide Ideation and Lifetime Suicide Attempt History</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20H.%20Szeto">E. H. Szeto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ammendola"> E. Ammendola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20V.%20Tabares"> J. V. Tabares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Starkey"> A. Starkey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Hay"> J. Hay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20G.%20McClung"> J. G. McClung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20J.%20Bryan"> C. J. Bryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, which accounts for more deaths annually than war, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, homicides, and car accidents, while an estimated 140 million individuals have significant suicide ideation (SI) each year in the United States. Typical risk factors such as hopelessness, depression, and psychiatric disorders can predict suicide ideation but cannot distinguish between those who ideate from those who attempt suicide (SA). The Fluid Vulnerability Theory of suicide posits that a person’s activation of the suicidal mode is predicated on one’s predisposition, triggers, baseline/acute risk, and protective factors. The current study compares self-conscious cognitive-affective states (including guilt, shame, anger towards the self, and suicidal beliefs) among patients based on the endorsement of recent SI (i.e., past two weeks; acute risk) and lifetime SA (i.e., baseline risk). Method: A total of 2,722 individuals in an outpatient primary care setting were included in this cross-sectional, observational study; data for 2,584 were valid and retained for analysis. The Differential Emotions Scale measuring guilt, shame, and self-anger and the Suicide Cognitions Scale measuring suicide cognitions were administered. Results: A total of 2,222 individuals reported no recent SI or lifetime SA (Group 1), 161 reported recent SI only (Group 2), 145 reported lifetime SA only (Group 3), 56 reported both recent SI and lifetime SA (Group 4). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that guilt, shame, self-anger, and suicide cognitions were the highest for Group 4 (both recent SI and lifetime SA), followed by Group 2 (recent SI-only), then Group 3 (lifetime SA-only), and lastly, Group 1 (no recent SI or lifetime SA). Conclusion: The results on recent SI-only versus lifetime SA-only contribute to the literature on the Fluid Vulnerability Theory of suicide by capturing SI and SA in two different time periods, which signify the acute risks and chronic baseline risks of the suicidal mode, respectively. It is also shown that: (a) people with a lifetime SA reported more severe symptoms than those without, (b) people with recent SI reported more severe symptoms than those without, and (c) people with both recent SI and lifetime SA were the most severely distressed. Future studies may replicate the findings here with other pertinent risk factors such as thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability, the last of which is consistently linked to attempting among ideators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicide" title="suicide">suicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guilt" title=" guilt"> guilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shame" title=" shame"> shame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-anger" title=" self-anger"> self-anger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicide%C2%A0cognitions" title=" suicide cognitions"> suicide cognitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicide%20ideation" title=" suicide ideation"> suicide ideation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicide%20attempt" title=" suicide attempt"> suicide attempt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143428/differences-in-guilt-shame-self-anger-and-suicide-cognitions-based-on-recent-suicide-ideation-and-lifetime-suicide-attempt-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6160</span> Wireless Sensor Networks Optimization by Using 2-Stage Algorithm Based on Imperialist Competitive Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20R.%20Lashgarian%20Azad">Hamid R. Lashgarian Azad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20N.%20Shetab%20Boushehri"> Seyed N. Shetab Boushehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become progressively popular due to their wide range of applications. Wireless Sensor Network is made of numerous tiny sensor nodes that are battery-powered. It is a very significant problem to maximize the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a two-stage protocol based on an imperialist competitive algorithm (2S-ICA) to solve a sensor network optimization problem. The energy of the sensors can be greatly reduced and the lifetime of the network reduced by long communication distances between the sensors and the sink. We can minimize the overall communication distance considerably, thereby extending the lifetime of the network lifetime through connecting sensors into a series of independent clusters using 2SICA. Comparison results of the proposed protocol and LEACH protocol, which is common to solving WSN problems, show that our protocol has a better performance in terms of improving network life and increasing the number of transmitted data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title="wireless sensor network">wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialist%20competitive%20algorithm" title=" imperialist competitive algorithm"> imperialist competitive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEACH%20protocol" title=" LEACH protocol"> LEACH protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-means%20clustering" title=" k-means clustering"> k-means clustering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171802/wireless-sensor-networks-optimization-by-using-2-stage-algorithm-based-on-imperialist-competitive-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6159</span> Doping Density Effects on Minority Carrier Lifetime in Bulk GaAs by Means of Photothermal Deflection Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soufiene%20Ilahi">Soufiene Ilahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photothermal effect occurs when absorbed light energy that generate a thermal wave that propagate into the sample and surrounding media. Subsequently, the propagation of the vibration of phonons or electrons causes heat transfer. In fact, heat energy is provided by non-radiative recombination process that occurs in semiconductors sample. Three heats sources are identified: surface recombination, bulk recombination and carrier thermalisation. In the last few years, Photothermal Deflection Technique PTD is a nondestructive and accurate technique that prove t ability for electronics properties investigation. In this paper, we have studied the influence of doping on minority carrier lifetime, i.e, nonradiative lifetime, surface and diffusion coefficient. In fact, we have measured the photothermal signal of two sample of GaAs doped with C et Cr.In other hand , we have developed a theoretical model that takes into account of thermal and electronics diffusion equations .In order to extract electronics parameters of GaAs samples, we have fitted the theoretical signal of PTD to the experimental ones. As a results, we have found that nonradiative lifetime is around of 4,3 x 10-8 (±11,24%) and 5 x 10-8 (±14,32%) respectively for GaAs : Si doped and Cr doped. Accordingly, the diffusion coefficient is equal 4,6 *10-4 (± 3,2%) and 5* 10-4 (± 0,14%) foe the Cr, C and Si doped GaAs respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonradiative%20lifetime" title="nonradiative lifetime">nonradiative lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20of%20minority%20carrier" title=" mobility of minority carrier"> mobility of minority carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20length" title=" diffusion length"> diffusion length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20and%20interface%20recombination%20in%20GaAs" title=" surface and interface recombination in GaAs"> surface and interface recombination in GaAs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169011/doping-density-effects-on-minority-carrier-lifetime-in-bulk-gaas-by-means-of-photothermal-deflection-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6158</span> Maximization of Lifetime for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frodouard%20Minani">Frodouard Minani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since last decade, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in many areas like health care, agriculture, defense, military, disaster hit areas and so on. Wireless Sensor Networks consist of a Base Station (BS) and more number of wireless sensors in order to monitor temperature, pressure, motion in different environment conditions. The key parameter that plays a major role in designing a protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks is energy efficiency which is a scarcest resource of sensor nodes and it determines the lifetime of sensor nodes. Maximizing sensor node’s lifetime is an important issue in the design of applications and protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Clustering sensor nodes mechanism is an effective topology control approach for helping to achieve the goal of this research. In this paper, the researcher presents an energy efficiency protocol to prolong the network lifetime based on Energy efficient clustering algorithm. The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a routing protocol for clusters which is used to lower the energy consumption and also to improve the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Networks. Maximizing energy dissipation and network lifetime are important matters in the design of applications and protocols for wireless sensor networks. Proposed system is to maximize the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Networks by choosing the farthest cluster head (CH) instead of the closest CH and forming the cluster by considering the following parameter metrics such as Node’s density, residual-energy and distance between clusters (inter-cluster distance). In this paper, comparisons between the proposed protocol and comparative protocols in different scenarios have been done and the simulation results showed that the proposed protocol performs well over other comparative protocols in various scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station" title="base station">base station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithm" title=" clustering algorithm"> clustering algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficient" title=" energy efficient"> energy efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102578/maximization-of-lifetime-for-wireless-sensor-networks-based-on-energy-efficient-clustering-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6157</span> Energy Efficient Firefly Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%E2%80%99%20Alsharafat">Wafa’ Alsharafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Batiha"> Khalid Batiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Kassab"> Alaa Kassab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensor network (WSN) is comprised of a huge number of small and cheap devices known as sensor nodes. Usually, these sensor nodes are massively and deployed randomly as in Ad-hoc over hostile and harsh environment to sense, collect and transmit data to the needed locations (i.e., base station). One of the main advantages of WSN is that the ability to work in unattended and scattered environments regardless the presence of humans such as remote active volcanoes environments or earthquakes. In WSN expanding network, lifetime is a major concern. Clustering technique is more important to maximize network lifetime. Nature-inspired algorithms are developed and optimized to find optimized solutions for various optimization problems. We proposed Energy Efficient Firefly Algorithm to improve network lifetime as long as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20network" title="wireless network">wireless network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SN" title=" SN"> SN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firefly" title=" Firefly"> Firefly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency "> energy efficiency </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81257/energy-efficient-firefly-algorithm-in-wireless-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6156</span> Photoimpedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Planar and Nano-Textured Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kumar">P. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Eisenhauer"> D. Eisenhauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20K.%20Yousef"> M. M. K. Yousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Shi"> Q. Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20G.%20Khalil"> A. S. G. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Saber"> M. R. Saber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Becker"> C. Becker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Pullerits"> T. Pullerits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20J.%20Karki"> K. J. Karki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In impedance spectroscopy (IS) the response of a photo-active device is analysed as a function of ac bias. It is widely applied in a broad class of material systems and devices. It gives access to fundamental mechanisms of operation of solar cells. We have implemented a method of IS where we modulate the light instead of the bias. This scheme allows us to analyze not only carrier dynamics but also impedance of device locally. Here, using this scheme, we have measured the frequency-dependent photocurrent response of the thin-film planar and nano-textured Si solar cells using this method. Photocurrent response is measured in range of 50 Hz to 50 kHz. Bode and Nyquist plots are used to determine characteristic lifetime of both the cells. Interestingly, the carrier lifetime of both planar and nano-textured solar cells depend on back and front contact positions. This is due to either heterogeneity of device or contacts are not optimized. The estimated average lifetime is found to be shorter for the nano-textured cell, which could be due to the influence of the textured interface on the carrier relaxation dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime" title="carrier lifetime">carrier lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance" title=" impedance"> impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-textured" title=" nano-textured"> nano-textured</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocurrent" title=" photocurrent"> photocurrent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85196/photoimpedance-spectroscopy-analysis-of-planar-and-nano-textured-thin-film-silicon-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6155</span> Biocompatibility and Sensing Ability of Highly Luminescent Synthesized Core-Shell Quantum Dots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohan%20Singh%20%20Mehata">Mohan Singh Mehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Ratnesh"> R. K. Ratnesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CdSe, CdSe/ZnS, and CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) of 3-4 nm were developed by using chemical route and following successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. The prepared QDs have been examined by using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of core-shell QDs increases with respect to the core, indicating that the radiative rate increases by the formation of shell around core, as evident by the measurement of PL lifetime. Further, the PL of bovine serum albumin is quenched strongly by the presence of core-shall QDs and follow the Stern-Volmer (S-V) relation, whereas the lifetime does not follow the S-V relation, demonstrating that the observed quenching is predominantly static in nature. Among all the QDs, the CdSe/ZnS QDs shows the least cytotoxicity hence most biocompatibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatibility" title="biocompatibility">biocompatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20quantum%20dots" title=" core-shell quantum dots"> core-shell quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence%20and%20lifetime" title=" photoluminescence and lifetime"> photoluminescence and lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensing%20ability" title=" sensing ability"> sensing ability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56638/biocompatibility-and-sensing-ability-of-highly-luminescent-synthesized-core-shell-quantum-dots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6154</span> The Quantitative Analysis of the Influence of the Superficial Abrasion on the Lifetime of the Frog Rail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Jiang">Dong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turnout is the essential equipment on the railway, which also belongs to one of the strongest demanded infrastructural facilities of railway on account of the more seriously frog rail failures. In cooperation with Germany Company (DB Systemtechnik AG), our research team focuses on the quantitative analysis about the frog rails to predict their lifetimes. Moreover, the suggestions for the timely and effective maintenances are made to improve the economy of the frog rails. The lifetime of the frog rail depends strongly on the internal damage of the running surface until the breakages occur. On the basis of Hertzian theory of the contact mechanics, the dynamic loads of the running surface are calculated in form of the contact pressures on the running surface and the equivalent tensile stress inside the running surface. According to material mechanics, the strength of the frog rail is determined quantitatively in form of the Stress-cycle (S-N) curve. Under the interaction between the dynamic loads and the strength, the internal damage of the running surface is calculated by means of the linear damage hypothesis of the Miner’s rule. The emergence of the first Breakage on the running surface is to be defined as the failure criterion that the damage degree equals 1.0. From the microscopic perspective, the running surface of the frog rail is divided into numerous segments for the detailed analysis. The internal damage of the segment grows slowly in the beginning and disproportionately quickly in the end until the emergence of the breakage. From the macroscopic perspective, the internal damage of the running surface develops simply always linear along the lifetime. With this linear growth of the internal damages, the lifetime of the frog rail could be predicted simply through the immediate introduction of the slope of the linearity. However, the superficial abrasion plays an essential role in the results of the internal damages from the both perspectives. The influences of the superficial abrasion on the lifetime are described in form of the abrasion rate. It has two contradictory effects. On the one hand, the insufficient abrasion rate causes the concentration of the damage accumulation on the same position below the running surface to accelerate the rail failure. On the other hand, the excessive abrasion rate advances the disappearance of the head hardened surface of the frog rail to result in the untimely breakage on the surface. Thus, the relationship between the abrasion rate and the lifetime is subdivided into an initial phase of the increased lifetime and a subsequent phase of the more rapid decreasing lifetime with the continuous growth of the abrasion rate. Through the compensation of these two effects, the critical abrasion rate is discussed to reach the optimal lifetime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakage" title="breakage">breakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20abrasion%20rate" title=" critical abrasion rate"> critical abrasion rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frog%20rail" title=" frog rail"> frog rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20damage" title=" internal damage"> internal damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20lifetime" title=" optimal lifetime"> optimal lifetime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91409/the-quantitative-analysis-of-the-influence-of-the-superficial-abrasion-on-the-lifetime-of-the-frog-rail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6153</span> Photophysical Study of Pyrene Butyric Acid in Aqueous Ionic Liquid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratap%20K.%20Chhotaray">Pratap K. Chhotaray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitendriya%20Swain"> Jitendriya Swain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Mishra"> Ashok Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20L.%20Gardas"> Ramesh L. Gardas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts, consist predominantly of ions and found to be liquid below 100°C. The unparalleled growing interest in ILs is based upon their never ending design flexibility. The use of ILs as a co-solvent in binary as well as a ternary mixture with molecular solvents multifold it’s utility. Since polarity is one of the most widely applied solvent concepts which represents simple and straightforward means for characterizing and ranking the solvent media, its study for a binary mixture of ILs is crucial for its widespread application and development. The primary approach to the assessment of solution phase intermolecular interactions, which generally occurs on the picosecond to nanosecond time scales, is to exploit the optical response of photophysical probe. Pyrene butyric acid (PBA) is used as fluorescence probe due to its high quantum yield, longer lifetime and high solvent polarity dependence of fluorescence spectra. Propylammonium formate (PAF) is the IL used for this study. Both the UV-absorbance spectra and steady state fluorescence intensity study of PBA in different concentration of aqueous PAF, reveals that with an increase in PAF concentration, both the absorbance and fluorescence intensity increases which indicate the progressive solubilisation of PBA. Whereas, near about 50% of IL concentration, all of the PBA molecules get solubilised as there are no changes in the absorbance and fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, the ratio II/IV, where the band II corresponds to the transition from S1 (ν = 0) to S0 (ν = 0), and the band IV corresponds to transition from S1 (ν = 0) to S0 (ν = 2) of PBA, indicates that the addition of water into PAF increases the polarity of the medium. Time domain lifetime study shows an increase in lifetime of PBA towards the higher concentration of PAF. It can be attributed to the decrease in non-radiative rate constant at higher PAF concentration as the viscosity is higher. The monoexponential decay suggests that homogeneity of solvation environment whereas the uneven width at full width at half maximum (FWHM) indicates there might exist some heterogeneity around the fluorophores even in the water-IL mixed solvents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title="fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarity" title=" polarity"> polarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrene%20butyric%20acid" title=" pyrene butyric acid"> pyrene butyric acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25174/photophysical-study-of-pyrene-butyric-acid-in-aqueous-ionic-liquid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6152</span> Internal and External Factors Affecting Teachers’ Adoption of Formative Assessment to Support Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Izci">Kemal Izci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment forms an important part of instruction. Assessment that aims to support learning is known as formative assessment and it contributes student’s learning gain and motivation. However, teachers rarely use assessment formatively to aid their students’ learning. Thus, reviewing the factors that limit or support teachers’ practices of formative assessment will be crucial for guiding educators to support prospective teachers in using formative assessment and also eliminate limiting factors to let practicing teachers to engage in formative assessment practices during their instruction. The study, by using teacher’s change environment framework, reviews literature on formative assessment and presents a tentative model that illustrates the factors impacting teachers’ adoption of formative assessment in their teaching. The results showed that there are four main factors consisting personal, contextual, resource-related and external factors that influence teachers’ practices of formative assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20practices" title="assessment practices">assessment practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formative%20assessment" title=" formative assessment"> formative assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors%20for%20use%20of%20formative%20assessment" title=" factors for use of formative assessment"> factors for use of formative assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54511/internal-and-external-factors-affecting-teachers-adoption-of-formative-assessment-to-support-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20assessment&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20assessment&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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