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src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-lv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Brīvā enciklopēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-lv.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Meklēt</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" aria-label="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Meklēt</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Met%C4%81li" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Met%C4%81li" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Met%C4%81li" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Met%C4%81li" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Metālu_iedalījums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metālu_iedalījums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Metālu iedalījums</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metālu_iedalījums-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Metālu iedalījums apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metālu_iedalījums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pēc_sastāva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pēc_sastāva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pēc sastāva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pēc_sastāva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pēc_blīvuma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pēc_blīvuma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pēc blīvuma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pēc_blīvuma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pēc_kušanas_temperatūras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pēc_kušanas_temperatūras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pēc kušanas temperatūras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pēc_kušanas_temperatūras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metālu_iegūšana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metālu_iegūšana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Metālu iegūšana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metālu_iegūšana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metālu_ķīmiskās_īpašības" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metālu_ķīmiskās_īpašības"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Metālu ķīmiskās īpašības</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metālu_ķīmiskās_īpašības-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Metālu ķīmiskās īpašības apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metālu_ķīmiskās_īpašības-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_nemetāliem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcijas_ar_nemetāliem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reakcijas ar nemetāliem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_nemetāliem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_ūdeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcijas_ar_ūdeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Reakcijas ar ūdeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_ūdeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_skābēm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcijas_ar_skābēm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reakcijas ar skābēm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_skābēm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_sāļiem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcijas_ar_sāļiem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Reakcijas ar sāļiem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_sāļiem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_termiski_stabiliem_sāļu_kausējumiem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcijas_ar_termiski_stabiliem_sāļu_kausējumiem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Reakcijas ar termiski stabiliem sāļu kausējumiem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_termiski_stabiliem_sāļu_kausējumiem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_sārmu_ūdens_šķīdumiem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcijas_ar_sārmu_ūdens_šķīdumiem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Reakcijas ar sārmu ūdens šķīdumiem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcijas_ar_sārmu_ūdens_šķīdumiem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metālu_sakausējumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metālu_sakausējumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Metālu sakausējumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metālu_sakausējumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metālu_fizikālās_īpašības" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metālu_fizikālās_īpašības"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Metālu fizikālās īpašības</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metālu_fizikālās_īpašības-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Metālu fizikālās īpašības apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metālu_fizikālās_īpašības-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metālu_elektrovadītspēja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metālu_elektrovadītspēja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Metālu elektrovadītspēja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metālu_elektrovadītspēja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metāli</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 164 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alata" title="Alata – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Alata" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="فيليز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="معدن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معدن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ধাতু – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধাতু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="فیلیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металдар – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Металдар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoi" title="Metoi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Metoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals" title="Metals – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Metals" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Металы – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Металы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мэтал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ধাতু – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Gĭng-sṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%B1%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ – čiroku" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čiroku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="کانزا – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانزا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovy" title="Kovy – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Металсем – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Металсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metel" title="Metel – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Μέταλλα – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέταλλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A2l" title="Metâl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Metâl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalo" title="Metalo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallid" title="Metallid – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalli" title="Metalli – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakumea" title="Kakumea – fidžiešu" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kakumea" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal" title="Miotal – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Métal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt" title="Meatailt – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepoti" title="Kuarepoti – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepoti" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81" title="ધાતુ – gudžaratu" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ધાતુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98arfe" title="Ƙarfe – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙarfe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Kîm-su̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA" title="מתכת – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaatu" title="Dhaatu – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovine" title="Kovine – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kovine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9mek" title="Fémek – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մետաղ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետաղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մետաղ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մետաղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Маьхалаш – ingušu" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Маьхалаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalo" title="Metalo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lmur" title="Málmur – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinme" title="jinme – ložbans" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložbans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ლითონები – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin" title="Asin – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%C9%A9%C9%A3l%C9%A9m_n%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металдар – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9" title="ಲೋಹ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೋಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="금속 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="داتھ – kašmiriešu" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="داتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanza" title="Kanza – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kanza" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Кӧртулов – komiešu" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кӧртулов" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Металл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallum" title="Metallum – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metallum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalai" title="Metalai – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaly" title="Metaly – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Metaly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – minangkabavu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabavu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഹം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Металл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="धातू – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धातू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кшнипонат – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кшнипонат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – lejassakšu" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lejassakšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ta" title="Méta – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Méta" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila" title="Sibiila – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81" title="ଧାତୁ – oriju" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଧାତୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Згъæр – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Згъæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਧਾਤ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metale" title="Metale – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metale" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دھات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27illay" title="Q'illay – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalu" title="Metalu – aromūnu" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Metalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromūnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Металлы – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ков – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ков" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitallu" title="Mitallu – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mitallu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84" title="ලෝහ – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov" title="Kov – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovina" title="Kovina – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Simbi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir" title="Bir – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalet" title="Metalet – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metalet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali" title="Metali – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உலோகம் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లోహాలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లోహాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="โลหะ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металлдар – tuviešu" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Металлдар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مېتال – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مېتال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Метали – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دھات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دھات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%C5%82i" title="Metałi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Metałi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Kim loại – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-metal" title="I-metal – khosu" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-metal" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="khosu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מעטאל – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%C3%A0l%C3%AC" title="Mẹ́tàlì – jorubu" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́tàlì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kim-sio̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu 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title="Visas Vikipēdijas lapas, kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Met%C4%81li" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&oldid=3971665" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Hot_metalwork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/235px-Hot_metalwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/353px-Hot_metalwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/470px-Hot_metalwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Nokaitēts metāls</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Metāli</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda">grieķu</a>: <span lang="el"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;"><i>μέταλλον</i></span></span> (<i>métallon</i>) — ‘<a href="/wiki/Raktuves" class="mw-redirect" title="Raktuves">raktuves</a>’)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ir tādu elementu veidotās <a href="/wiki/Vienk%C4%81r%C5%A1a_viela" title="Vienkārša viela">vienkāršās vielas</a> vai to <a href="/wiki/Sakaus%C4%93jums" title="Sakausējums">sakausējumi</a>, kam piemīt metāliskas īpašības (salīdzinoši laba <a href="/wiki/Siltumvad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Siltumvadītspēja">siltumvadītspēja</a> un <a href="/wiki/Elektrovad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Elektrovadītspēja">elektrovadītspēja</a>, metālisks spīdums, plastiskums u.c.). Metāliem raksturīgs īpaša veida <a href="/wiki/Krist%C4%81lre%C5%BE%C4%A3is" title="Kristālrežģis">kristālrežģis</a>, kurā liela daļa <a href="/wiki/V%C4%93rt%C4%ABbas_elektroni" class="mw-redirect" title="Vērtības elektroni">vērtības elektronu</a> ir visiem <a href="/wiki/Atomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomi">atomiem</a> kopīgi un var brīvi pārvietoties. <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_saite" title="Ķīmiskā saite">Ķīmisko saiti</a>, kurai raksturīga atomu sasaiste ar šādu brīvo elektronu palīdzību, sauc par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81lisk%C4%81_saite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metāliskā saite (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">metālisko saiti</a>. Metāliskas īpašības piemīt lielākajai daļai no pazīstamajiem ķīmiskajiem elementiem. Metālu <a href="/wiki/Sakaus%C4%93jums" title="Sakausējums">sakausējumi</a> ir nozīmīgi <a href="/wiki/Konstrukcija" class="mw-disambig" title="Konstrukcija">konstrukciju</a> materiāli. Ķīmiskajos savienojumos metāliem var būt tikai pozitīvas <a href="/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1anas_pak%C4%81pe" title="Oksidēšanas pakāpe">oksidēšanas pakāpes</a>, atšķirībā no <a href="/wiki/Nemet%C4%81li" title="Nemetāli">nemetāliem</a>, kam var būt arī negatīvas vērtības. Lielākā daļa metālu brīvā veidā nav stabili un oksidējas (<a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">korodē</a>), veidojot stabilākus savienojumus. Metāliem parasti tiek pievienoti citi metāli, lai uzlabotu to izturību un citas īpašības. </p><p>Ja metālu pakļauj lielai fiziskai slodzei, tad cietie metāli (<a href="/wiki/T%C4%93rauds" title="Tērauds">tērauds</a>) salūst, bet mīkstie (<a href="/wiki/Svins" title="Svins">svins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alum%C4%ABnijs" title="Alumīnijs">alumīnijs</a>) lokās un <a href="/wiki/Deform%C4%81cija" title="Deformācija">deformējas</a>. Daži tērauda veidi <a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">nerūsē</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ner%C5%ABso%C5%A1ais_t%C4%93rauds" title="Nerūsošais tērauds">nerūsošais tērauds</a>). </p><p>Cilvēku dzīvē nozīmīgākie metāli ir <a href="/wiki/Dzelzs" title="Dzelzs">dzelzs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alum%C4%ABnijs" title="Alumīnijs">alumīnijs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%A1" title="Varš">varš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%B7elis" title="Niķelis">niķelis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinks" title="Cinks">cinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zelts" title="Zelts">zelts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudrabs" title="Sudrabs">sudrabs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metālu_iedalījums"><span id="Met.C4.81lu_iedal.C4.ABjums"></span>Metālu iedalījums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Metālu iedalījums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Metālu iedalījums"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pēc_sastāva"><span id="P.C4.93c_sast.C4.81va"></span>Pēc sastāva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Pēc sastāva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pēc sastāva"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metālus <a href="/wiki/Trad%C4%ABcija" title="Tradīcija">tradicionāli</a> iedala <a href="/wiki/Melnie_met%C4%81li" title="Melnie metāli">melnajos metālos</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C4%81sainie_met%C4%81li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krāsainie metāli (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">krāsainajos metālos</a>. Melnie metāli ir galvenokārt <a href="/wiki/Dzelzs" title="Dzelzs">dzelzs</a> un tās <a href="/wiki/Sakaus%C4%93jums" title="Sakausējums">sakausējumi</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cuguns" title="Čuguns">čuguns</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C4%93rauds" title="Tērauds">tērauds</a>). Tēraudi savukārt mēdz būt <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABs%C4%93%C5%A1ana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rūsēšana">rūsoši</a> un <a href="/wiki/Ner%C5%ABso%C5%A1ais_t%C4%93rauds" title="Nerūsošais tērauds">nerūsoši</a>. Pie melnajiem metāliem pieskaita arī <a href="/wiki/Hroms" title="Hroms">hromu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Mang%C4%81ns" title="Mangāns">mangānu</a>, kā arī to sakausējumus.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pārējie metāli tiek dēvēti par krāsainajiem metāliem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pēc_blīvuma"><span id="P.C4.93c_bl.C4.ABvuma"></span>Pēc blīvuma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Pēc blīvuma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pēc blīvuma"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pēc <a href="/wiki/Bl%C4%ABvums" title="Blīvums">blīvuma</a> metālus iedala <a href="/wiki/Smagie_met%C4%81li" title="Smagie metāli">smagajos metālos</a> un <a href="/wiki/Vieglie_met%C4%81li" title="Vieglie metāli">vieglajos metālos</a>. Smagie metāli ir tādi metāli, kuru blīvums lielāks par 5 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Mazāk blīvos metālus sauc par vieglajiem metāliem. Visblīvākais metāls ir <a href="/wiki/Osmijs" title="Osmijs">osmijs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pēc_kušanas_temperatūras"><span id="P.C4.93c_ku.C5.A1anas_temperat.C5.ABras"></span>Pēc kušanas temperatūras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Pēc kušanas temperatūras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pēc kušanas temperatūras"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metālus, kas kūst zemākā <a href="/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra">temperatūrā</a>, nekā <a href="/wiki/Dzelzs" title="Dzelzs">dzelzs</a> (1538 °C), sauc par viegli kūstošiem metāliem. Tipiski viegli kūstošie metāli ir <a href="/wiki/Alva" title="Alva">alva</a> un <a href="/wiki/Svins" title="Svins">svins</a>. Pavisam viegli kūst <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmu_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmu metāli">sārmu metāli</a> un <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmzemju_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmzemju metāli">sārmzemju metāli</a>, savukārt <a href="/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvsudrabs" title="Dzīvsudrabs">dzīvsudrabs</a> ir izkusis jau istabas temperatūrā. Augstās temperatūrās kūstošus metālus sauc par grūti kūstošiem metāliem. Tipiski grūti kūstošie metāli ir hroms, <a href="/wiki/Van%C4%81dijs" title="Vanādijs">vanādijs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tant%C4%81ls" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantāls">tantāls</a>; visgrūtāk kūstošais metāls ir <a href="/wiki/Volframs" title="Volframs">volframs</a> (3422 °C). </p><p>Atsevišķi mēdz izdalīt vairākas metālisko elementu grupas. Piemēram, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_sist%C4%93ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā sistēma">periodiskās sistēmas</a> pirmās pamatgrupas elementus tradicionāli sauc par <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmu_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmu metāli">sārmu metāliem</a>, jo to <a href="/wiki/Hidroks%C4%ABdi" title="Hidroksīdi">hidroksīdi</a> ir stipri <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmi" title="Sārmi">sārmi</a>. Otrās pamatgrupas elementi ir <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmzemju_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmzemju metāli">sārmzemju metāli</a>, jo to <a href="/wiki/Oks%C4%ABdi" title="Oksīdi">oksīdi</a> (senāk saukti par "zemēm"), rada bāzisku vidi, iedarbojoties ar ūdeni. Retāk sastopamus metālus, kā <a href="/wiki/C%C4%93rijs" title="Cērijs">cēriju</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C4%93nijs" title="Rēnijs">rēniju</a> vai volframu, sauc par retajiem metāliem. <a href="/wiki/Lantan%C4%ABdi" title="Lantanīdi">Lantanīdus</a>, kā arī <a href="/wiki/Itrijs" title="Itrijs">itriju</a> un <a href="/wiki/Skandijs" title="Skandijs">skandiju</a> dēvē par retzemju metāliem. Zeltu, sudrabu un platīna grupas metālus sauc par <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%93lmet%C4%81li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cēlmetāli (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">cēlmetāliem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metālu_iegūšana"><span id="Met.C4.81lu_ieg.C5.AB.C5.A1ana"></span>Metālu iegūšana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Metālu iegūšana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Metālu iegūšana"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lielākā daļa metālu dabā sastopami <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABda" title="Rūda">rūdās</a>, tīrā veidā pastāv vien daži mazaktīvi metāli. Ar metālu iegūšanu no rūdām nodarbojas <a href="/wiki/Metalur%C4%A3ija" title="Metalurģija">metalurģija</a>. Vispirms rūdu bagātina, atdalot no tās nevajadzīgos <a href="/wiki/Ie%C5%BEi" title="Ieži">iežus</a>. To var izdarīt ar dažādām metodēm, kuras darbojas pēc rūdas un ieža savstarpējām atšķirībām: </p> <ul><li>izmantojot rūdas un ieža atšķirīgās <a href="/wiki/Adsorbcija" title="Adsorbcija">adsorbcijas</a> spējas, tiek veikta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flot%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flotācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">flotācija</a>;</li> <li>ievērojot rūdas un ieža atšķirības <a href="/wiki/Magn%C4%93tisms" title="Magnētisms">magnētiskajās</a> īpašībās, veicama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrisk%C4%81_separ%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektriskā separācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">elektriskā</a> vai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magn%C4%93tisk%C4%81_separ%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnētiskā separācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">magnētiskā separācija</a>;</li> <li>rūdas un ieža atšķirīgie blīvumi ļauj pielietot <a href="/wiki/Nost%C4%81din%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Nostādināšana">nostādināšanu</a> (gravitacionālā separācija).</li></ul> <p>Pēc tam no bagātinātās rūdas, izmantojot <a href="/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s-reduc%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s_reakcijas" title="Oksidēšanās-reducēšanās reakcijas">reducēšanas</a> procesu (metāla <a href="/wiki/Jons" title="Jons">joniem</a> tiek pievienoti elektroni, šajā procesā enerģija tiek patērēta), tiek iegūts atbilstošais metāls. Šis process var norisināties dažādos apstākļos: </p> <ul><li>pirometalurģijā metālus iegūst paaugstinātā temperatūrā noteikta reducētāja (tas var būt aktīvāks metāls vai <a href="/wiki/Oglek%C4%BCa_monoks%C4%ABds" title="Oglekļa monoksīds">oglekļa monoksīds</a>) klātbūtnē,</li> <li>elektrometalurģijā metālus iegūst ar <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C4%ABze" title="Elektrolīze">elektrolīzi</a>,</li> <li>hidrometalurģijā metālus iegūst ar <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7%C4%ABdums" title="Šķīdums">šķīdumā</a> esošu metāla jonu reducēšanu, pirms kuras rūda tikusi apstrādāta ar šķīdumu, kurš reaģē tikai ar metālu, veidojot šķīstošu savienojumu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metālu_ķīmiskās_īpašības"><span id="Met.C4.81lu_.C4.B7.C4.ABmisk.C4.81s_.C4.ABpa.C5.A1.C4.ABbas"></span>Metālu ķīmiskās īpašības</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Metālu ķīmiskās īpašības" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Metālu ķīmiskās īpašības"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vairumā ķīmisko reakciju metālu atomi <a href="/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidēšanās">oksidējas</a> un iegūst pozitīvu <a href="/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s_pak%C4%81pe" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksidēšanās pakāpe">oksidēšanās pakāpi</a> (tas nozīmē, ka metāli parasti ir <a href="/wiki/Reduc%C4%93t%C4%81ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducētāji">reducētāji</a>).</li> <li>Metālu ķīmiskās īpašības ir atkarīgas no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektro%C4%B7%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_spriegumu_rinda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektroķīmiskā spriegumu rinda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">metālu aktivitātes</a>.</li> <li>Jo vieglāk metāls atdod elektronus, jo tas ir aktīvāks (stiprāks reducētājs).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcijas_ar_nemetāliem"><span id="Reakcijas_ar_nemet.C4.81liem"></span>Reakcijas ar nemetāliem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Reakcijas ar nemetāliem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reakcijas ar nemetāliem"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daudzi metāli reaģē ar <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis">ūdeņradi</a>, veidojot <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C4%ABdi" title="Hidrīdi">hidrīdus</a>, kuros ūdeņraža oksidēšanas pakāpe ir -1. </p> <dl><dd>2Li + H<sub>2</sub> → 2<a href="/wiki/Litija_hidr%C4%ABds" title="Litija hidrīds">LiH</a></dd></dl> <p>Ar <a href="/wiki/Halog%C4%93ni" title="Halogēni">halogēniem</a> (VII A grupas elementiem) reaģē gandrīz visi metāli. </p> <dl><dd>2Na + Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2<a href="/wiki/N%C4%81trija_hlor%C4%ABds" title="Nātrija hlorīds">NaCl</a></dd></dl> <p>Vairums metālu, izņemot pašus neaktīvākos (kā sudrabu, zeltu, platīnu) reaģē ar <a href="/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis">skābekli</a>, veidojot <a href="/wiki/Oks%C4%ABdi" title="Oksīdi">oksīdus</a>. </p> <dl><dd>2Cu +O<sub>2</sub> → 2<a href="/wiki/Vara(II)_oks%C4%ABds" title="Vara(II) oksīds">CuO</a> (varš nomelnē, jo vara(II) oksīds ir melnā krāsā)</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmu_met%C4%81li" title="Sārmu metāli">Sārmu metāli</a> (izņemot <a href="/wiki/Litijs" title="Litijs">litiju</a>), tieši reaģējot ar skābekli, veido <a href="/wiki/Peroks%C4%ABdi" title="Peroksīdi">peroksīdus</a> vai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superoks%C4%ABdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superoksīdi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">superoksīdus</a>. </p> <dl><dd>2Na + O<sub>2</sub> → <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81trija_peroks%C4%ABds" title="Nātrija peroksīds">Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a></dd></dl> <p>Vairums metālu, ieskaitot tādu neaktīvu metālu kā <a href="/wiki/Sudrabs" title="Sudrabs">sudrabs</a>, reaģē ar <a href="/wiki/S%C4%93rs" title="Sērs">sēru</a>. Ar sēru nereaģē, piemēram, platīns un zelts. </p> <dl><dd>2Ag + S → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudraba_sulf%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudraba sulfīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Ag<sub>2</sub>S</a></dd></dl> <p>Aktīvākie metāli spēj reaģēt arī ar citiem nemetāliem, kā <a href="/wiki/Sl%C4%81peklis" title="Slāpeklis">slāpekli</a> vai <a href="/wiki/Fosfors" title="Fosfors">fosforu</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Reakcija</th> <th>Reakcijas produkts </th></tr> <tr> <td>3Ca + N<sub>2</sub> → Ca<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalcija_nitr%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalcija nitrīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kalcija nitrīds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3K + P → K<sub>3</sub>P </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81lija_fosf%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kālija fosfīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kālija fosfīds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2Mg + Si → Mg<sub>2</sub>Si </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnija_silic%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnija silicīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Magnija silicīds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4Al + 3C → Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alum%C4%ABnija_karb%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alumīnija karbīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Alumīnija karbīds</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcijas_ar_ūdeni"><span id="Reakcijas_ar_.C5.ABdeni"></span>Reakcijas ar ūdeni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Reakcijas ar ūdeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reakcijas ar ūdeni"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ar <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAdens" title="Ūdens">ūdeni</a> spēj reaģēt aktīvie un vidēji aktīvie metāli. Aktīvie metāli reaģē ar ūdeni parastos apstākļos, izdalās ūdeņradis un veidojas šķīstošs <a href="/wiki/Hidroks%C4%ABdi" title="Hidroksīdi">hidroksīds</a> — <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81rmi" title="Sārmi">sārms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Ca + 2H<sub>2</sub>O → <a href="/wiki/Kalcija_hidroks%C4%ABds" title="Kalcija hidroksīds">Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></a> + H<sub>2</sub>↑</dd></dl> <p>Vidēji aktīvie metāli ar ūdeni parastos apstākļos nereaģē, jo to hidroksīdi ir praktiski nešķīstoši un uz metāla virsmas veido aizsargkārtiņu, kas traucē reakcijas tālāku norisi. Vidēji aktīvie metāli sasmalcinātā un sakarsētā veidā reaģē ar ūdens tvaiku. Reakcijā rodas attiecīgā metāla oksīds un ūdeņradis.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Zn + H<sub>2</sub>O → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinka_oks%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinka oksīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ZnO</a> + H<sub>2</sub>↑</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcijas_ar_skābēm"><span id="Reakcijas_ar_sk.C4.81b.C4.93m"></span>Reakcijas ar skābēm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļu: Reakcijas ar skābēm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reakcijas ar skābēm"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Šo reakciju norise un rezultāts ir atkarīgi no dažādiem faktoriem: no metāla aktivitātes, skābes stipruma un stabilitātes, skābes šķīduma koncentrācijas, temperatūras, kā arī no tā, vai reaģējošās skābes anjons ir oksidētājs. </p> <dl><dd>Zn + 2HCl → <a href="/wiki/Cinka_hlor%C4%ABds" title="Cinka hlorīds">ZnCl<sub>2</sub></a> + H<sub>2</sub> (izmanto H<sub>2</sub> iegūšanai <a href="/wiki/Kipa_apar%C4%81ts" title="Kipa aparāts">Kipa aparātā</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Cu + HCl → NENOTIEK (jo metāli, kas ir metālu elektroķīmiskajā sprieguma rindā aiz ūdeņraža, nereaģē ar neoksidējošām skābēm)</dd></dl> <p>Tomēr arī neaktīvie metāli spēj reaģēt ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksid%C4%93jo%C5%A1%C4%81s_sk%C4%81bes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksidējošās skābes (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">oksidējošām skābēm</a>, bet ar <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%BC%C5%ABdens" title="Karaļūdens">karaļūdeni</a> reaģē arī paši neaktīvākie metāli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcijas_ar_sāļiem"><span id="Reakcijas_ar_s.C4.81.C4.BCiem"></span>Reakcijas ar sāļiem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļu: Reakcijas ar sāļiem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=10" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reakcijas ar sāļiem"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To, kā noritēs metālu reakcijas ar <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Sāļi">sāļu</a> ūdens šķīdumiem, var noteikt pēc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81lu_elektro%C4%B7%C4%ABmisko_spriegumu_rinda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metālu elektroķīmisko spriegumu rinda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">metālu elektroķīmisko spriegumu rindas</a>. Šīs metālu <a href="/wiki/Katjons" class="mw-redirect" title="Katjons">katjonu</a> reducēšanas reakcijas sāļu ūdens šķīdumos norit ar metāliem, kas elektroķīmiskajā spriegumu rindā atrodas aiz magnija (par magniju aktīvāki metāli paši kāri reaģē ar ūdeni). Tās ir tipiskas aizvietošanas reakcijas, kas noris līdz galam, ja rodas šķīstoši sāļi. Nešķīstošie sāļi izgulsnējas uz metāla virsmas un to pasivē.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Fe + <a href="/wiki/Vara(II)_sulf%C4%81ts" title="Vara(II) sulfāts">CuSO<sub>4</sub></a> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzelzs(II)_sulf%C4%81ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzelzs(II) sulfāts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">FeSO<sub>4</sub></a> + Cu</dd></dl> <p>Savukārt varš ar dzelzs sulfātu nereaģē, jo varš ir vājāks, skatoties pēc metālu elektroķīmiskās sprieguma rindas, nekā dzelzs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reakcijas_ar_termiski_stabiliem_sāļu_kausējumiem"><span id="Reakcijas_ar_termiski_stabiliem_s.C4.81.C4.BCu_kaus.C4.93jumiem"></span>Reakcijas ar termiski stabiliem sāļu kausējumiem</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Labot sadaļu: Reakcijas ar termiski stabiliem sāļu kausējumiem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=11" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reakcijas ar termiski stabiliem sāļu kausējumiem"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aktīvo metālu reakcijas ar sāļu kausējumiem arī pieder pie aizvietošanas reakcijām, taču metālu elektroķīmisko spriegumu rinda uz tām neattiecas. Piemēram, iespējams iegūt metālisko <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81lijs" title="Kālijs">kāliju</a>, reaģējot izkausētam alumīnijam ar kālija hlorīdu vai kālija hidroksīdu, kaut arī alumīnijs ir daudz mazāk aktīvs par kāliju. Tas izskaidrojams ar kālija relatīvi zemo viršanas temperatūru — kad alumīnijs un kālija hlorīds ir izkusuši, kālijam ir pārsniegta viršanas temperatūra, tādēļ tas iztvaiko, pamet apgriezeniskās reakcijas zonu un ir kondensējams brīvā veidā. Līdzīgas reakcijas notiek pat, izmantojot tik neaktīvu metālu kā dzelzs. </p> <dl><dd>Al + 3KCl → <a href="/wiki/Alum%C4%ABnija_hlor%C4%ABds" title="Alumīnija hlorīds">AlCl<sub>3</sub></a> + 3K<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcijas_ar_sārmu_ūdens_šķīdumiem"><span id="Reakcijas_ar_s.C4.81rmu_.C5.ABdens_.C5.A1.C4.B7.C4.ABdumiem"></span>Reakcijas ar sārmu ūdens šķīdumiem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Labot sadaļu: Reakcijas ar sārmu ūdens šķīdumiem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=12" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Reakcijas ar sārmu ūdens šķīdumiem"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Amfot%C4%93riskums" title="Amfotēriskums">Amfotērie</a> metāli, kā cinks vai alumīnijs, spēj reaģēt ar sārmiem vai sārmu šķīdumiem. </p> <dl><dd>Zn +2H<sub>2</sub>O + 2KOH → <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81lija_cink%C4%81ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kālija cinkāts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">K<sub>2</sub>[Zn(OH)<sub>4</sub>]</a> + H<sub>2</sub>↑<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metālu_sakausējumi"><span id="Met.C4.81lu_sakaus.C4.93jumi"></span>Metālu sakausējumi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Labot sadaļu: Metālu sakausējumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=13" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Metālu sakausējumi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metālu <a href="/wiki/Sakaus%C4%93jums" title="Sakausējums">sakausējums</a> ir divu vai vairāku metālu rupji dispersa sistēma vai ciets šķīdums, kas veidojas, <a href="/wiki/Vakuums" title="Vakuums">vakuumā</a> vai <a href="/wiki/C%C4%93lg%C4%81zes" title="Cēlgāzes">inertā atmosfērā</a> izkausējot kopā šos metālus un ļaujot tiem izkristalizēties. Iegūstamos sakausējumus pamatā iedala nosacīti neviendabīgos (viena metāla kristālrežģa atomi nav aizstāti ar cita metāla atomiem, t.s. mehāniskie maisījumi) un viendabīgos (cietie šķīdumi un intermetāliskie savienojumi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metālu_fizikālās_īpašības"><span id="Met.C4.81lu_fizik.C4.81l.C4.81s_.C4.ABpa.C5.A1.C4.ABbas"></span>Metālu fizikālās īpašības</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Labot sadaļu: Metālu fizikālās īpašības" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=14" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Metālu fizikālās īpašības"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metāliem piemīt tādas fizikālās īpašības kā liela <a href="/wiki/Elektrovad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Elektrovadītspēja">elektrovadītspēja</a> un <a href="/wiki/Siltumvad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Siltumvadītspēja">siltumvadītspēja</a>, plastiskums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metālu_elektrovadītspēja"><span id="Met.C4.81lu_elektrovad.C4.ABtsp.C4.93ja"></span>Metālu elektrovadītspēja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Labot sadaļu: Metālu elektrovadītspēja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=15" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Metālu elektrovadītspēja"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metālus veido <a href="/wiki/Jons" title="Jons">jonu</a> <a href="/wiki/Krist%C4%81lre%C5%BE%C4%A3is" title="Kristālrežģis">kristālrežģis</a>, kurā kustas brīvie <a href="/wiki/Elektrons" title="Elektrons">elektroni</a>. Šo elektronu plūsma metālos rada <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk%C4%81_str%C4%81va" title="Elektriskā strāva">elektrisko strāvu</a>, tā ir elektronvadītspēja. Jonvadītspēju metāliem praktiski var neievērot (atšķirībā no <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C4%ABts" title="Elektrolīts">elektrolītiem</a>). </p><p>Metāliem visā praktiski īstenojamo elektriskā lauka intensitāšu diapazonā ir pareizs diferenciālais <a href="/wiki/Oma_likums" title="Oma likums">Oma likums</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}=\sigma {\vec {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}=\sigma {\vec {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/738daa0ad20b22badaa42701e675eb78802fabc2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.298ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}=\sigma {\vec {E}}}"></span>, kur <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ce1ed1de8493f7cc7d856ca5427cf311b1597f1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.094ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {j}}}"></span> ir elektronu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Str%C4%81vas_bl%C4%ABvums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strāvas blīvums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">strāvas blīvums</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }"></span> ir īpatnējā <a href="/wiki/Elektrovad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Elektrovadītspēja">elektrovadītspēja</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2bc18ae485a72f148e85ccbeff2b3dcdd4f5f3f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {E}}}"></span> ir <a href="/wiki/Elektriskais_lauks" title="Elektriskais lauks">elektriskā lauka</a> intensitāte. </p><p>Salīdzinājumā ar citām <a href="/wiki/Viela" title="Viela">vielām</a> metālu īpatnējā <a href="/wiki/Elektrovad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Elektrovadītspēja">vadītspēja</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }"></span> ir liela un <a href="/wiki/%C4%AApatn%C4%93j%C4%81_pretest%C4%ABba" title="Īpatnējā pretestība">īpatnējā pretestība</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> ir maza. Metālu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> atkarībā no <a href="/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra">temperatūras</a> mainās pēc sarežģītām likumsakarībām. Augstās temperatūrās (vairumam metālu tādas, kas augstākas par 100— 200 <a href="/wiki/Kelvins" title="Kelvins">K</a>) metālu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> ir lineāri atkarīga no temperatūras <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Celsija_gr%C4%81ds" title="Celsija grāds">Celsija grādos</a>): <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =\rho _{0}(1+\alpha t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =\rho _{0}(1+\alpha t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b70d1b541df795e1875434046d4db0419cde78bf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.696ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =\rho _{0}(1+\alpha t)}"></span>, kur <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9c04a9d26b86af8c6205ba2a6287fd655b6b714" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.256ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho _{0}}"></span> ir īpatnējā pretestība 0°C un <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span> ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrisk%C4%81s_pretest%C4%ABbas_termiskais_koeficients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektriskās pretestības termiskais koeficients (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">elektriskās pretestības termiskais koeficients</a>. Zemās temperatūrās metālu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> strauji samazinās pēc likuma <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho \sim T^{5}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho \sim T^{5}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a6b2ac07b5be26cb5bccd610d3865c524474171" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.075ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho \sim T^{5}}"></span>, kur <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span> ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Absol%C5%ABt%C4%81_temperat%C5%ABra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolūtā temperatūra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">absolūtā temperatūra</a>. Metālu pretestība pieaug, ja tiem ir piejaukumi, neatkarīgi no tīra metāla un piejaukumvielas <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> atsevišķi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=16" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><i>Svešvārdu vārdnīca</i> (trešais izd.). <a href="/wiki/Jumava" title="Jumava">Jumava</a>. 2007. 476. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9984-38-332-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9984-38-332-3">978-9984-38-332-3</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zinātnes un tehnoloģijas vārdnīca. R:, Norden AB, 2001, 427. lpp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2">3,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3">3,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4">3,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5">3,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6">3,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uzdevumi.lv/p/kimija/11-klase/metali-7420/re-197b51d0-d833-4972-9ac6-72d57c56e3a9">«uzdevumi.lv»</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C4%81li&action=edit&section=17" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. 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background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kriptons" title="Kriptons">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C4%ABdijs" title="Rubīdijs">Rb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Stroncijs" title="Stroncijs">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Itrijs" title="Itrijs">Y</a> </td> <td style="border:0px" colspan="14">  </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonijs" title="Cirkonijs">Zr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niobijs" title="Niobijs">Nb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C4%93ns" title="Molibdēns">Mo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tehn%C4%93cijs" title="Tehnēcijs">Tc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C4%93nijs" title="Rutēnijs">Ru</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rodijs" title="Rodijs">Rh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Pall%C4%81dijs" title="Pallādijs">Pd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Sudrabs" title="Sudrabs">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmijs" title="Kadmijs">Cd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indijs" title="Indijs">In</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Alva" title="Alva">Sn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff"><div style="position:relative; z-index:0; overflow:hidden; width:100%; height:2em;"> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:1; top:0; left:0; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/c0/Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg/100px-Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/c0/Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg/150px-Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/c0/Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg/200px-Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:2; width:100%; top:0; left:0; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antimons" title="Antimons">Sb</a></div> </div> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C5%ABrs" title="Telūrs">Te</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Jods_(elements)" title="Jods (elements)">I</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Ksenons" title="Ksenons">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/C%C4%93zijs" title="Cēzijs">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/B%C4%81rijs" title="Bārijs">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C4%81ns" title="Lantāns">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/C%C4%93rijs" title="Cērijs">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prazeod%C4%ABms" title="Prazeodīms">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C4%ABms" title="Neodīms">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prometijs" title="Prometijs">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81rijs" title="Samārijs">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Eiropijs" title="Eiropijs">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C4%ABnijs" title="Gadolīnijs">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbijs" title="Terbijs">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprozijs" title="Disprozijs">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmijs" title="Holmijs">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbijs" title="Erbijs">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABlijs" title="Tūlijs">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Iterbijs" title="Iterbijs">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C4%93cijs" title="Lutēcijs">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnijs" title="Hafnijs">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantals" title="Tantals">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Volframs" title="Volframs">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%93nijs" title="Rēnijs">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmijs" title="Osmijs">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C4%ABdijs" title="Irīdijs">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Plat%C4%ABns" title="Platīns">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zelts" title="Zelts">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvsudrabs" title="Dzīvsudrabs">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Tallijs" title="Tallijs">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Svins" title="Svins">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bismuts" title="Bismuts">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff"><div style="position:relative; z-index:0; overflow:hidden; width:100%; height:2em;"> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:1; top:0; left:0; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/c0/Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg/100px-Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/c0/Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg/150px-Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/c0/Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg/200px-Amfoteers_metaals_-_pusmetaals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:2; width:100%; top:0; left:0; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Polonijs" title="Polonijs">Po</a></div> </div> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff"><div style="position:relative; z-index:0; overflow:hidden; width:100%; height:2em;"> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:1; top:0; left:0; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/0/0a/Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg/100px-Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/0/0a/Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg/150px-Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/0/0a/Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg/200px-Halogeens_-_pusmetaals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:2; width:100%; top:0; left:0; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Astats" title="Astats">At</a></div> </div> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radons" title="Radons">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Francijs" title="Francijs">Fr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81dijs" title="Rādijs">Ra</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Akt%C4%ABnijs" title="Aktīnijs">Ac</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Torijs" title="Torijs">Th</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protakt%C4%ABnijs" title="Protaktīnijs">Pa</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C4%81ns_(elements)" title="Urāns (elements)">U</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C5%ABnijs" title="Neptūnijs">Np</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonijs" title="Plutonijs">Pu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C4%ABcijs" title="Amerīcijs">Am</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kirijs" title="Kirijs">Cm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berklijs" title="Berklijs">Bk</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornijs" title="Kalifornijs">Cf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Ein%C5%A1teinijs" title="Einšteinijs">Es</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermijs" title="Fermijs">Fm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mende%C4%BCejevijs" title="Mendeļejevijs">Md</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #ffffff; 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