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volume</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mortar volume"> <meta name="keywords" content="mortar volume"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mortar volume"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2839</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mortar volume</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2659</span> Potential Use of Local Materials as Synthesizing One Part Geopolymer Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Areej%20Almalkawi">Areej Almalkawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Hamadna"> Sameer Hamadna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parviz%20Soroushian"> Parviz Soroushian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nalin%20Darsana"> Nalin Darsana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work on indigenous binders in this paper focused on the following indigenous raw materials: red clay, red lava and pumice (as primary aluminosilicate precursors), wood ash and gypsum (as supplementary minerals), and sodium sulfate and lime (as alkali activators). The experimental methods used for evaluation of these indigenous raw materials included laser granulometry, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and chemical reactivity. Formulations were devised for transforming these raw materials into alkali aluminosilicate-based hydraulic cements. These formulations were processed into hydraulic cements via simple heating and milling actions to render thermal activation, mechanochemical and size reduction effects. The resulting hydraulic cements were subjected to laser granulometry, heat of hydration and reactivity tests. These cements were also used to prepare mortar mixtures, which were evaluated via performance of compressive strength tests. The measured values of strength were correlated with the reactivity, size distribution and microstructural features of raw materials. Some of the indigenous hydraulic cements produced in this reporting period yielded viable levels of compressive strength. The correlation trends established in this work are being evaluated for development of simple and thorough methods of qualifying indigenous raw materials for use in production of indigenous hydraulic cements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-part%20geopolymer%20cement" title="one-part geopolymer cement">one-part geopolymer cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminosilicate%20precursors" title=" aluminosilicate precursors"> aluminosilicate precursors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20activation" title=" thermal activation"> thermal activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanochemical" title=" mechanochemical"> mechanochemical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65941/potential-use-of-local-materials-as-synthesizing-one-part-geopolymer-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2658</span> Major Gullies Erosion Sites and Volume of Soil Loss in Edo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Osayande">Augustine Osayande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is on Major Gullies Erosion Sites and Volume of Soil Loss in Edo State, Nigeria. The primary objective was to identify notable gullies sites and quantify the volume of soil loss in the study area. Direct field observation and measurement of gullies dimensions was done with the help of research assistants using a measuring tape, Camera and 3percent accuracy Global Positioning System (GPS). The result revealed that notable gullies in the area have resulted in the loss of lives and properties, destruction of arable lands and wastage of large areas of usable lands. Gullies in Edo North have Mean Volume of Soil Loss of 614, 763.33 m³, followed by Edo South with 79,604.76 m³ and Edo Central is 46,242.98 m³ and as such an average of 1,772, 888.7m3 of soil is lost annually in the study area due to gully erosion problem. The danger of gully erosion in helpless regions like Edo State called for urgent remedies in order to arrest the further loss of soil, buildings and other properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnitude" title=" magnitude"> magnitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gully" title=" gully"> gully</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume" title=" volume"> volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloss" title=" sloss"> sloss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87676/major-gullies-erosion-sites-and-volume-of-soil-loss-in-edo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2657</span> Understanding Seismic Behavior of Masonry Buildings in Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Mirzaee">Alireza Mirzaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soosan%20Abdollahi"> Soosan Abdollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Abdollahi"> Mohammad Abdollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unreinforced Masonry (URM) wall is vulnerable in resisting horizontal load such as wind and seismic loading. It is due to the low tensile strength of masonry, the mortar connection between the brick units. URM structures are still widely used in the world as an infill wall and commonly constructed with door and window openings. This research aimed to investigate the behavior of URM wall with openings when horizontal load acting on it and developed load-drift relationship of the wall. The finite element (FE) method was chosen to numerically simulate the behavior of URM with openings. In this research, ABAQUS, commercially available FE software with explicit solver was employed. In order to ensure the numerical model can accurately represent the behavior of an URM wall, the model was validated for URM wall without openings using available experimental results. Load-displacement relationship of numerical model is well agreed with experimental results. Evidence shows the same load displacement curve shape obtained from the FE model. After validating the model, parametric study conducted on URM wall with openings to investigate the influence of area of openings and pre-compressive load on the horizontal load capacity of the wall. The result showed that the increasing of area of openings decreases the capacity of the wall in resisting horizontal loading. It is also well observed from the result that capacity of the wall increased with the increasing of pre-compressive load applied on the top of the walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20constructions" title="masonry constructions">masonry constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20at%20earthquake" title=" performance at earthquake"> performance at earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSJC-08%20%28ASD%29" title=" MSJC-08 (ASD)"> MSJC-08 (ASD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20wall" title=" bearing wall"> bearing wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tie-column" title=" tie-column"> tie-column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53817/understanding-seismic-behavior-of-masonry-buildings-in-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2656</span> Quality Assessment and Classification of Recycled Aggregates from CandDW According to the European Standards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Eckert">M. Eckert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mendes"> D. Mendes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%20P.%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> J P. Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Mo%C3%A7o"> C. Moço</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Oliveira"> M. Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The intensive extraction of natural aggregates leads to both depletion of natural resources and unwanted environmental impacts. On the other hand, uncontrolled disposal of Construction and Demolition Wastes (C&DW) causes the lifetime reduction of landfills. It is known that the European Union produces, each year, about 850 million tons of C&DW. For all the member States of the European Union, one of the milestones to be reached by 2020, according to the Resource Efficiency Roadmap (COM (2011) 571) of the European Commission, is to recycle 70% of the C&DW. In this work, properties of different types of recycled C&DW aggregates and natural aggregates were compared. Assays were performed according to European Standards (EN 13285; EN 13242+A1; EN 12457-4; EN 12620; EN 13139) for the characterization of there: physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Not standardized tests such as water absorption over time, mass stability and post compaction sieve analysis were also carried out. The tested recycled C&DW aggregates were classified according to the requirements of the European Standards regarding there potential use in concrete, mortar, unbound layers of road pavements and embankments. The results of the physical and mechanical properties of recycled C&DW aggregates indicated, in general, lower quality properties when compared to natural aggregates, particularly, for concrete preparation and unbound layers of road pavements. The results of the chemical properties attested that the C&DW aggregates constitute no environmental risk. It was concluded that recycled aggregates produced from C&DW have the potential to be used in many applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20aggregate" title="recycled aggregate">recycled aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate%20properties" title=" aggregate properties"> aggregate properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Standard%20Classification" title=" European Standard Classification "> European Standard Classification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23209/quality-assessment-and-classification-of-recycled-aggregates-from-canddw-according-to-the-european-standards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">675</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2655</span> Digital Planet: Readying for the Rise of the E-Consumer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaskar%20Chakravorti">Bhaskar Chakravorti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Tunnard"> Christopher Tunnard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Shankar%20Chaturvedi"> Ravi Shankar Chaturvedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This report introduces the Digital Evolution Index (DEI) as a way to gauge the transformation of economies in the advanced and developing world from traditional brick-and-mortar to digitally enabled. The DEI measures the digital trajectories of 50 countries to provide actionable, data-informed insights for businesses, investors and policymakers. Created by The Fletcher School, in collaboration with MasterCard Worldwide and DataCash, the DEI analyzes the key underlying drivers and barriers that govern a country’s evolution into a digital economy: Demand, Supply, Institutional Environment and Innovation. A longitudinal analysis of these four drivers during the years 2008 to 2013 reveals both the current state of a country’s digital economy, as well as changes over time. Combining these two measures allows us to assign each country to one of four Trajectory Zones: • Stand Out countries have shown high levels of digital development in the past and continue to remain on an upward trajectory. • Stall Out countries have achieved a high level of evolution in the past but are losing momentum and risk falling behind. • Break Out countries have the potential to develop strong digital economies. Though their overall score is still low, they are moving upward and are poised to become Stand Out countries in the future. • Watch Out countries face significant opportunities and challenges, with low scores on both current level and upward motion of their DEI. Some may be able to overcome limitations with clever innovations and stopgap measures, while others seem to be stuck. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20evolution" title=" digital evolution"> digital evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20commerce%20ecosystems" title=" digital commerce ecosystems"> digital commerce ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-consumer" title=" e-consumer"> e-consumer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19751/digital-planet-readying-for-the-rise-of-the-e-consumer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2654</span> Determinants of Customer Value in Online Retail Platforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikko%20H%C3%A4nninen">Mikko Hänninen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the effect online retail platforms have on customer behavior and retail patronage through an inductive multi-case study. Existing research on retail platforms and ecosystems generally focus on competition between platform members and most papers maintain a managerial perspective with customers seen mainly as merely one stakeholder of the value-exchange relationship. It is proposed that retail platforms change the nature of customer relationships compared to traditional brick-and-mortar or e-commerce retailers. With online retail platforms such as Alibaba, Amazon and Rakuten gaining increasing traction with their platform based business models, the purpose of this paper is to define retail platforms and look at how leading retail platforms are able to create value for their customers, in order to foster meaningful customer’ relationships. An analysis is conducted on the major global retail platforms with a focus specifically on understanding the tools in place for creating customer value in order to show how retail platforms create and maintain customer relationships for fostering customer loyalty. The results describe the opportunities and challenges retailers face when competing against platform based businesses and outline the advantages as well as disadvantages that platforms bring to individual consumers. Based on the inductive case research approach, five theoretical propositions on consumer behavior in online retail platforms are developed that also form the basis of further research with this research making both a practical as well as theoretical contribution to platform research streams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retail" title="retail">retail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platform" title=" platform"> platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loyalty" title=" loyalty"> loyalty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56838/determinants-of-customer-value-in-online-retail-platforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2653</span> Mathematical Modeling of Cell Volume Alterations under Different Osmotic Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20A.%20Knocikova">Juliana A. Knocikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Bouret"> Yann Bouret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Argentina"> Médéric Argentina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Counillon"> Laurent Counillon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell volume, together with membrane potential and intracellular hydrogen ion concentration, is an essential biophysical parameter for normal cellular activity. Cell volumes can be altered by osmotically active compounds and extracellular tonicity. In this study, a simple mathematical model of osmotically induced cell swelling and shrinking is presented. Emphasis is given to water diffusion across the membrane. The mathematical description of the cellular behavior consists in a system of coupled ordinary differential equations. We compare experimental data of cell volume alterations driven by differences in osmotic pressure with mathematical simulations under hypotonic and hypertonic conditions. Implications for a future model are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eukaryotic%20cell" title="eukaryotic cell">eukaryotic cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmosis" title=" osmosis"> osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20alterations" title=" volume alterations"> volume alterations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13267/mathematical-modeling-of-cell-volume-alterations-under-different-osmotic-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2652</span> Development of a Double Coating Technique for Recycled Concrete Aggregates Used in Hot-mix Asphalt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbaas%20I.%20Kareem">Abbaas I. Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nikraz"> H. Nikraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) production could ease natural aggregate shortage and maintain sustainability in modern societies. However, it was the attached cement mortar and other impurities that make the RCAs behave differently than high-quality aggregates. Therefore, different upgrading treatments were suggested to enhance its properties before being used in HMA production. Disappointedly, some of these treatments had caused degradation to some RCA properties. In order to avoid degradation, a coating technique is developed. This technique is based on combining of two main treatments, so it is named as double coating technique (DCT). Dosages of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% uncoated RCA, RCA coated with Cement Slag Paste (CSP), and Double Coated Recycled Concrete Aggregates (DCRCAs) in place of granite aggregates were evaluated. The results indicated that the DCT improves strength and reduces water absorption of the DCRCAs compared with uncoated RCAs and RCA coated with CSP. In addition, the DCRCA asphalt mixtures exhibit stability values higher than those obtained for mixes made with granite aggregates, uncoated RCAs and RCAs coated with CSP. Also, the DCRCA asphalt mixtures require less bitumen to achieve the optimum bitumen content (OBC) than those manufactured with uncoated RCA and RCA-coated with CSP. Although the results obtained were encouraging, more testing is required in order to examine the effect of the DCT on performance properties of DCRCA- asphalt mixtures such as rutting and fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate%20crashed%20value" title="aggregate crashed value">aggregate crashed value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20coating%20technique" title=" double coating technique"> double coating technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20mix%20asphalt" title=" hot mix asphalt"> hot mix asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshall%20parameters" title=" Marshall parameters"> Marshall parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20aggregates" title=" recycled concrete aggregates"> recycled concrete aggregates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90728/development-of-a-double-coating-technique-for-recycled-concrete-aggregates-used-in-hot-mix-asphalt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2651</span> Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in the Production of Concrete Blocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20A.%20Ferriz-Papi">Juan A. Ferriz-Papi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Thomas"> Simon Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry generates large amounts of waste, usually mixed, which can be composed of different origin materials, most of them catalogued as non-hazardous. The European Union targets for this waste for 2020 have been already achieved by the UK, but it is mainly developed in downcycling processes (backfilling) whereas upcycling (such as recycle in new concrete batches) still keeps at a low percentage. The aim of this paper is to explore further in the use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) in concrete mixes so as to improve upcycling. A review of most recent research and legislation applied in the UK is developed regarding the production of concrete blocks. As a case study, initial tests were developed with a CDW recycled aggregate sample from a CDW plant in Swansea. Composition by visual inspection and sieving tests of two samples were developed and compared to original aggregates. More than 70% was formed by soil waste from excavation, and the rest was a mix of waste from mortar, concrete, and ceramics with small traces of plaster, glass and organic matter. Two concrete mixes were made with 80% replacement of recycled aggregates and different water/cement ratio. Tests were carried out for slump, absorption, density and compression strength. The results were compared to a reference sample and showed a substantial reduction of quality in both mixes. Despite that, the discussion brings to identify different aspects to solve, such as heterogeneity or composition, and analyze them for the successful use of these recycled aggregates in the production of concrete blocks. The conclusions obtained can help increase upcycling processes ratio with mixed CDW as recycled aggregates in concrete mixes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregates" title="aggregates">aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20block" title=" concrete block"> concrete block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" construction and demolition waste"> construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79395/recycled-aggregates-from-construction-and-demolition-waste-in-the-production-of-concrete-blocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2650</span> Conduction Accompanied With Transient Radiative Heat Transfer Using Finite Volume Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ashok">A. Ashok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.Satapathy"> K.Satapathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Prerana%20Nashine"> B. Prerana Nashine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research work is to investigate for one dimensional transient radiative transfer equations with conduction using finite volume method. Within the infrastructure of finite-volume, we obtain the conservative discretization of the terms in order to preserve the overall conservative property of finitevolume schemes. Coupling of conductive and radiative equation resulting in fluxes is governed by the magnitude of emissivity, extinction coefficient, and temperature of the medium as well as geometry of the problem. The problem under consideration has been solved, for a slab dominating radiation coupled with transient conduction based on finite volume method. The boundary conditions are also chosen so as to give a good model of the discretized form of radiation transfer equation. The important feature of the present method is flexibility in specifying the control angles in the FVM, while keeping the simplicity in the solution procedure. Effects of various model parameters are examined on the distributions of temperature, radiative and conductive heat fluxes and incident radiation energy etc. The finite volume method is considered to effectively evaluate the propagation of radiation intensity through a participating medium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participating%20media" title="participating media">participating media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20coupled%20with%20conduction" title=" radiation coupled with conduction"> radiation coupled with conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20radiative%20heat%20transfer" title=" transient radiative heat transfer "> transient radiative heat transfer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9579/conduction-accompanied-with-transient-radiative-heat-transfer-using-finite-volume-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2649</span> 2D Numerical Modeling of Ultrasonic Measurements in Concrete: Wave Propagation in a Multiple-Scattering Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yu">T. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Audibert"> L. Audibert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20F.%20Chaix"> J. F. Chaix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Komatitsch"> D. Komatitsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Garnier"> V. Garnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Henault"> J. M. Henault</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linear Ultrasonic Techniques play a major role in Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for civil engineering structures in concrete since they can meet operational requirements. Interpretation of ultrasonic measurements could be improved by a better understanding of ultrasonic wave propagation in a multiple scattering medium. This work aims to develop a 2D numerical model of ultrasonic wave propagation in a heterogeneous medium, like concrete, integrating the multiple scattering phenomena in SPECFEM software. The coherent field of multiple scattering is obtained by averaging numerical wave fields, and it is used to determine the effective phase velocity and attenuation corresponding to an equivalent homogeneous medium. First, this model is applied to one scattering element (a cylinder) in a homogenous medium in a linear-elastic system, and its validation is completed thanks to the comparison with analytical solution. Then, some cases of multiple scattering by a set of randomly located cylinders or polygons are simulated to perform parametric studies on the influence of frequency and scatterer size, concentration, and shape. Also, the effective properties are compared with the predictions of Waterman-Truell model to verify its validity. Finally, the mortar viscoelastic behavior is introduced in the simulation in order to considerer the dispersion and the attenuation due to porosity included in the cement paste. In the future, different steps will be developed: The comparisons with experimental results, the interpretation of NDE measurements, and the optimization of NDE parameters before an auscultation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation" title="attenuation">attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-scattering%20medium" title=" multiple-scattering medium"> multiple-scattering medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20velocity" title=" phase velocity"> phase velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20measurements" title=" ultrasonic measurements"> ultrasonic measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61285/2d-numerical-modeling-of-ultrasonic-measurements-in-concrete-wave-propagation-in-a-multiple-scattering-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2648</span> Relationship of Mean Platelets Volume with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Stroke</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pritam%20Kitey">Pritam Kitey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Platelets play a key role in the development of atherothrombosis, a major contributor of cardiovascular evevts. The contributor of platelets to cardiovascular events has been noted for decades. Mean paltelets volume [MPV] is a marker of platelets size that is easily determined on routine automated haemograms and routinely available at low cost. Subjects with higher MPV have larger platelets that are metabolically and enzamatically more active and have greater prothombotic potential than smaller platelets. In fact several studies have demonstrated a significant association between higher MPV and an increased incidence of cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20paltelets%20volume%20%28MPV%29" title="mean paltelets volume (MPV)">mean paltelets volume (MPV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platelets" title=" platelets"> platelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebrovascular%20stroke" title=" cerebrovascular stroke"> cerebrovascular stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20events" title=" cardiovascular events "> cardiovascular events </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17896/relationship-of-mean-platelets-volume-with-ischemic-cerebrovascular-stroke" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2647</span> On the Volume of Ganglion Cell Stimulation in Visual Prostheses by Finite Element Discretization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Luj%C3%A1n%20Villarreal">Diego Luján Villarreal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual prostheses are designed to repair some eyesight in patients blinded by photoreceptor diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Electrode-to-cell proximity has drawn attention due to its implications on secure single-localized stimulation. Yet, few techniques are available for understanding the relationship between the number of cells activated and the current injection. We propose an answering technique by solving the governing equation for time-dependent electrical currents using finite element discretization to obtain the volume of stimulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20prosthetic%20devices" title="visual prosthetic devices">visual prosthetic devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20for%20stimulation" title=" volume for stimulation"> volume for stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20discretization" title=" FEM discretization"> FEM discretization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20simulation" title=" 3D simulation"> 3D simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162034/on-the-volume-of-ganglion-cell-stimulation-in-visual-prostheses-by-finite-element-discretization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2646</span> Bulk Electrical Resistivity of Geopolymer Mortars: The Effect of Binder Composition and Alkali Concentration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Babaee">Mahdi Babaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnaud%20Castel"> Arnaud Castel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main hurdles for commercial adaptation of geopolymer concrete (GPC) as a low-embodied-carbon alternative for Portland cement concrete (PCC) is the durability aspects and its long-term performance in aggressive/corrosive environments. GPC is comparatively a new engineering material and in the absence of a track record of successful durability performance, proper experimental studies to investigate different durability-related characteristics of GPC seem inevitable. In this context, this paper aims to study the bulk electrical resistivity of geopolymer mortars fabricated of blends of low-calcium fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Bulk electrical resistivity is recognized as one of the most important parameters influencing the rate of corrosion of reinforcing bars during the propagation phase of corrosion. To investigate the effect of alkali concentration on the resistivity of the samples, 100x200 mm mortar cylinders were cast at different alkali concentration levels, whereas the modulus ratio (the molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O) was fixed for the mixes, and the bulk electrical resistivity was then measured. Also, the effect of the binder composition was assessed with respect to the ratio of FA to GGBS used. Results show a superior performance of samples with higher GGBS content. Lower concentration of the solution has increased the resistivity by reducing the amount of mobile alkali ions in the pore solution. Moreover, GGBS-based samples showed a much sharper increase in the electrical resistivity with decreasing the moisture content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20resistivity" title="bulk resistivity">bulk resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title=" geopolymer concrete"> geopolymer concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74311/bulk-electrical-resistivity-of-geopolymer-mortars-the-effect-of-binder-composition-and-alkali-concentration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2645</span> Change of Physicochemical Properties of Grain in the Germination of Chickpea Grain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mira%20Zhonyssova">Mira Zhonyssova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurlaym%20Ongarbayeva"> Nurlaym Ongarbayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makpal%20Atykhanova"> Makpal Atykhanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indicators of quality of grain chickpeas, the absorption of water different temperatures by grain chickpeas studied. Organoleptic and physicochemical changes in the germination of chickpeas studied. The total time of the duration of germination of chickpea grain is determined. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, it was found that the germination time at which the chickpea sprout length was 0.5- 3 mm varies from 21 to 25 hours. The change in the volume of chickpea grain during germination was investigated. It was found that in the first 2 hours the volume of chickpeas changes slightly – by 38%. This is due to the process of adsorption of water to a critical state. From 2 to 9 hours, the process of swelling of chickpea grain is observed – the vital activity of cells increases, enzymatic systems become active, the respiratory coefficient increases; gibberellin, stimulating the formation of a number of enzymes, is released. During this period, there is a sharp increase in the volume of chickpea grains – up to 138%. From 9 to 19 hours, “sprouting” of chickpea grains is observed, no morphological changes occur in the corcule – the grain volume remains at 138%. From 19 hours, the grain growth process begins, while the grain volume increases by 143%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title="chickpea">chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seeds" title=" seeds"> seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legumes" title=" legumes"> legumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physic-chemical%20properties" title=" physic-chemical properties"> physic-chemical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181047/change-of-physicochemical-properties-of-grain-in-the-germination-of-chickpea-grain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2644</span> A Single Stage Rocket Using Solid Fuels in Conventional Propulsion Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20R%20Evans">John R Evans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook-Ying%20%20Ho"> Sook-Ying Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rey%20Chin"> Rey Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the research investigations orientated to the starting and propelling of a solid fuel rocket engine which operates as combined cycle propulsion system using three thrust pulses. The vehicle has been designed to minimise the cost of launching small number of Nano/Cube satellites into low earth orbits (LEO). A technology described in this paper is a ground-based launch propulsion system which starts the rocket vertical motion immediately causing air flow to enter the ramjet’s intake. Current technology has a ramjet operation predicted to be able to start high subsonic speed of 280 m/s using a liquid fuel ramjet (LFRJ). The combined cycle engine configuration is in many ways fundamentally different from the LFRJ. A much lower subsonic start speed is highly desirable since the use of a mortar to obtain the latter speed for rocket means a shorter launcher length can be utilized. This paper examines the means and has some performance calculations, including Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis of air-intake at suitable operational conditions, 3-DOF point mass trajectory analysis of multi-pulse propulsion system (where pulse ignition time and thrust magnitude can be controlled), etc. of getting a combined cycle rocket engine use in a single stage vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combine%20cycle%20propulsion%20system" title="combine cycle propulsion system">combine cycle propulsion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20earth%20orbit%20launch%20vehicle" title=" low earth orbit launch vehicle"> low earth orbit launch vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20analysis" title=" computational fluid dynamics analysis"> computational fluid dynamics analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3dof%20trajectory%20analysis" title=" 3dof trajectory analysis "> 3dof trajectory analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136487/a-single-stage-rocket-using-solid-fuels-in-conventional-propulsion-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2643</span> The Effect of Pozzolan Addition on the Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Mortars Based on Cement Resistant to Sulfate (CRS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Belagraa">L. Belagraa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belguendouz"> A. Belguendouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Rouabah"> Y. Rouabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouzid"> A. Bouzid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Noui"> A. Noui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Kessal"> O. Kessal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of cements CRS in aggressive environments showed a lot of benefits as like good mechanical responses and therefore better durability, however, their manufacturing consume a lot of clinker, which leads to the random hazardous deposits, the shortage of natural resources and the gas and the dust emissions mainly; (CO2) with its ecological negative impact on the environment. Technical, economic and environmental benefits by the use of blended cements have been reported and being considered as a research area of great interest. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the substitution of natural pozzolan on the physico-chemical properties of the new formulated binder and the mechanical behavior of mortar containing this binary cement. Hence, the pozzolan replacement is composed with different proportions (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). The physico-chemical properties of cement resistant to sulfate (CRS) alternative composition were investigated. Further, the behavior of the mortars based on this binder is studied. These characteristics includes chemical composition, density and fineness, consistency, setting time, shrinkage, absorption and the mechanical response. The results obtained showed that the substitution of pozzolan at the optimal ratio of 5% has a positive effect on the resulting cement, greater specific surface area, reduced water demand, accelerating the process of hydration, a better mechanical responses and decreased absorption. Therefore, economic and ecological cement based on mineral addition like pozzolan could be possible as well as advantageous to the formulation of environmental mortars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cement%20Resistant%20to%20Sulfate%20%28CRS%29" title="Cement Resistant to Sulfate (CRS)">Cement Resistant to Sulfate (CRS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20mortars%20mechanical%20response" title=" environmental mortars mechanical response"> environmental mortars mechanical response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemical%20properties" title=" physico-chemical properties"> physico-chemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolan" title=" pozzolan"> pozzolan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17762/the-effect-of-pozzolan-addition-on-the-physico-chemical-and-mechanical-properties-of-mortars-based-on-cement-resistant-to-sulfate-crs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2642</span> Mix Design Curves for High Volume Fly Ash Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Awanti">S. S. Awanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravindakumar%20B.%20Harwalkar"> Aravindakumar B. Harwalkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete construction in future has to be environmental friendly apart from being safe so that society at large is benefited by the huge investments made in the infrastructure projects. To achieve this, component materials of the concrete system have to be optimized with reference to sustainability. This paper presents a study on development of mix proportions of high volume fly ash concrete (HFC). A series of HFC mixtures with cement replacement levels varying between 50% and 65% were prepared with water/binder ratios of 0.3 and 0.35. Compressive strength values were obtained at different ages. From the experimental results, pozzolanic efficiency ratios and mix design curves for HFC were established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20factor" title="age factor">age factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20volume%20fly%20ash%20concrete" title=" high volume fly ash concrete"> high volume fly ash concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozolanic%20efficiency%20ratio" title=" pozolanic efficiency ratio"> pozolanic efficiency ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56979/mix-design-curves-for-high-volume-fly-ash-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2641</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study of Flow near Moving Wall of Various Surface Types Using Moving Mesh Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khizir%20Mohd%20Ismail">Khizir Mohd Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Jun%20Lim"> Yu Jun Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tshun%20Howe%20Yong"> Tshun Howe Yong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of flow behavior in an enclosed volume using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been around for decades. However, due to the knowledge limitation of adaptive grid methods, the flow in an enclosed volume near the moving wall using CFD is less explored. A CFD simulation of flow in an enclosed volume near a moving wall was demonstrated and studied by introducing a moving mesh method and was modeled with Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach. A static enclosed volume with controlled opening size in the bottom was positioned against a moving, translational wall with sliding mesh features. Controlled variables such as smoothed, crevices and corrugated wall characteristics, the distance between the enclosed volume to the wall and the moving wall speed against the enclosed chamber were varied to understand how the flow behaves and reacts in between these two geometries. These model simulations were validated against experimental results and provided result confidence when the simulation had shown good agreement with the experimental data. This study had provided better insight into the flow behaving in an enclosed volume when various wall types in motion were introduced within the various distance between each other and create a potential opportunity of application which involves adaptive grid methods in CFD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20wall" title="moving wall">moving wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20grid%20methods" title=" adaptive grid methods"> adaptive grid methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20mesh%20method" title=" moving mesh method"> moving mesh method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110284/computational-fluid-dynamics-simulation-study-of-flow-near-moving-wall-of-various-surface-types-using-moving-mesh-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2640</span> Methods Employed to Mitigate Wind Damage on Ancient Egyptian Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossam%20Mohamed%20Abdelfattah%20Helal%20Hegazi">Hossam Mohamed Abdelfattah Helal Hegazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Winds and storms are considered crucial weathering factors, representing primary causes of destruction and erosion for all materials on the Earth's surface. This naturally includes historical structures, with the impact of winds and storms intensifying their deterioration, particularly when carrying high-hardness sand particles during their passage across the ground. Ancient Egyptians utilized various methods to prevent wind damage to their ancient architecture throughout the ancient Egyptian periods . One of the techniques employed by ancient Egyptians was the use of clay or compacted earth as a filling material between opposing walls made of stone, bricks, or mud bricks. The walls made of reeds or woven tree branches were covered with clay to prevent the infiltration of winds and rain, enhancing structural integrity, this method was commonly used in hollow layers . Additionally, Egyptian engineers innovated a type of adobe brick with uniformly leveled sides, manufactured from dried clay. They utilized stone barriers, constructed wind traps, and planted trees in rows parallel to the prevailing wind direction. Moreover, they employed receptacles to drain rainwater resulting from wind-loaded rain and used mortar to fill gaps in roofs and structures. Furthermore, proactive measures such as the removal of sand from around historical and archaeological buildings were taken to prevent adverse effects <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winds" title="winds">winds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storms" title=" storms"> storms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathering" title=" weathering"> weathering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destruction" title=" destruction"> destruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Earth%27s%20surface" title=" Earth's surface"> Earth's surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20structures" title=" historical structures"> historical structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184858/methods-employed-to-mitigate-wind-damage-on-ancient-egyptian-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2639</span> Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Study Using Discontinuous Finite Volume Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prawal%20Sinha">Prawal Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peeyush%20Singh"> Peeyush Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravir%20Dutt"> Pravir Dutt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problems in elastohydrodynamic lubrication have attracted a lot of attention in the last few decades. Solving a two-dimensional problem has always been a big challenge. In this paper, a new discontinuous finite volume method (DVM) for two-dimensional point contact Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) problem has been developed and analyzed. A complete algorithm has been presented for solving such a problem. The method presented is robust and easily parallelized in MPI architecture. GMRES technique is implemented to solve the matrix obtained after the formulation. A new approach is followed in which discontinuous piecewise polynomials are used for the trail functions. It is natural to assume that the advantages of using discontinuous functions in finite element methods should also apply to finite volume methods. The nature of the discontinuity of the trail function is such that the elements in the corresponding dual partition have the smallest support as compared with the Classical finite volume methods. Film thickness calculation is done using singular quadrature approach. Results obtained have been presented graphically and discussed. This method is well suited for solving EHL point contact problem and can probably be used as commercial software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastohydrodynamic" title="elastohydrodynamic">elastohydrodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubrication" title=" lubrication"> lubrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuous%20finite%20volume%20method" title=" discontinuous finite volume method"> discontinuous finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMRES%20technique" title=" GMRES technique"> GMRES technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70195/elastohydrodynamic-lubrication-study-using-discontinuous-finite-volume-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2638</span> Effect of Alkaline Activator, Water, Superplasticiser and Slag Contents on the Compressive Strength and Workability of Slag-Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar Cured under Ambient Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al-Majidi">M. Al-Majidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lampropoulos"> A. Lampropoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cundy"> A. Cundy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geopolymer (cement-free) concrete is the most promising green alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete and other cementitious materials. While a range of different geopolymer concretes have been produced, a common feature of these concretes is heat curing treatment which is essential in order to provide sufficient mechanical properties in the early age. However, there are several practical issues with the application of heat curing in large-scale structures. The purpose of this study is to develop cement-free concrete without heat curing treatment. Experimental investigations were carried out in two phases. In the first phase (Phase A), the optimum content of water, polycarboxylate based superplasticizer contents and potassium silicate activator in the mix was determined. In the second stage (Phase B), the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) incorporation on the compressive strength of fly ash (FA) and Slag based geopolymer mixtures was evaluated. Setting time and workability were also conducted alongside with compressive tests. The results showed that as the slag content was increased the setting time was reduced while the compressive strength was improved. The obtained compressive strength was in the range of 40-50 MPa for 50% slag replacement mixtures. Furthermore, the results indicated that increment of water and superplasticizer content resulted to retarding of the setting time and slight reduction of the compressive strength. The compressive strength of the examined mixes was considerably increased as potassium silicate content was increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title="fly ash">fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20silicate" title=" potassium silicate"> potassium silicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag" title=" slag"> slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43710/effect-of-alkaline-activator-water-superplasticiser-and-slag-contents-on-the-compressive-strength-and-workability-of-slag-fly-ash-based-geopolymer-mortar-cured-under-ambient-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2637</span> Drying and Transport Processes in Distributed Hydrological Modelling Based on Finite Volume Schemes (Iber Model)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Caro">Carlos Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Blad%C3%A9"> Ernest Bladé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Acosta"> Pedro Acosta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camilo%20Lesmes"> Camilo Lesmes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The drying-wet process is one of the topics to be more careful in distributed hydrological modeling using finite volume schemes as a means of solving the equations of Saint Venant. In a hydrologic and hydraulic computer model, surface flow phenomena depend mainly on the different flow accumulation and subsequent runoff generation. These accumulations are generated by routing, cell by cell, from the heights of water, which begin to appear due to the rain at each instant of time. Determine when it is considered a dry cell and when considered wet to include in the full calculation is an issue that directly affects the quantification of direct runoff or generation of flow at the end of a zone of contribution by accumulations flow generated from cells or finite volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrology" title="hydrology">hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20processes" title=" transport processes"> transport processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20modelling" title=" hydrological modelling"> hydrological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20schemes" title=" finite volume schemes"> finite volume schemes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53077/drying-and-transport-processes-in-distributed-hydrological-modelling-based-on-finite-volume-schemes-iber-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2636</span> Overview Studies of High Strength Self-Consolidating Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raya%20Harkouss">Raya Harkouss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Hamad"> Bilal Hamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is considered as a relatively new technology created as an effective solution to problems associated with low quality consolidation. A SCC mix is defined as successful if it flows freely and cohesively without the intervention of mechanical compaction. The construction industry is showing high tendency to use SCC in many contemporary projects to benefit from the various advantages offered by this technology. At this point, a main question is raised regarding the effect of enhanced fluidity of SCC on the structural behavior of high strength self-consolidating reinforced concrete. A three phase research program was conducted at the American University of Beirut (AUB) to address this concern. The first two phases consisted of comparative studies conducted on concrete and mortar mixes prepared with second generation Sulphonated Naphtalene-based superplasticizer (SNF) or third generation Polycarboxylate Ethers-based superplasticizer (PCE). The third phase of the research program investigates and compares the structural performance of high strength reinforced concrete beam specimens prepared with two different generations of superplasticizers that formed the unique variable between the concrete mixes. The beams were designed to test and exhibit flexure, shear, or bond splitting failure. The outcomes of the experimental work revealed comparable resistance of beam specimens cast using self-compacting concrete and conventional vibrated concrete. The dissimilarities in the experimental values between the SCC and the control VC beams were minimal, leading to a conclusion, that the high consistency of SCC has little effect on the flexural, shear and bond strengths of concrete members. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-consolidating%20concrete%20%28SCC%29" title="self-consolidating concrete (SCC)">self-consolidating concrete (SCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-strength%20concrete" title=" high-strength concrete"> high-strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20admixtures" title=" concrete admixtures"> concrete admixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties%20of%20hardened%20SCC" title=" mechanical properties of hardened SCC"> mechanical properties of hardened SCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20behavior%20of%20reinforced%20concrete%20beams" title=" structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams"> structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6469/overview-studies-of-high-strength-self-consolidating-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2635</span> Evaluation of Limestone as Self-Curing Aggregate for Concretes in the Southeast of Yucatan Peninsula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20G.%20Rejon-Parra">D. G. Rejon-Parra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Escobar-Morales"> B. Escobar-Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romeli%20Barbosa"> Romeli Barbosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20Cruz"> J. C. Cruz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the southeast of Yucatan Peninsula, sedimentary limestone has different degrees of compaction. Due to its recent geological formation (Quaternary) and weathering effects causing an affordable aggregate for local manufacturers of concrete. It is characterized as lightweight aggregates (average density of 2,50), susceptible to abrasion and varying porosities (water content exceeding 7,50 % of its mass, in saturated condition). In this study, local aggregates with two moisture conditions (saturated and dry), have been examined in order to compare them for optimizing the performance of concrete. It is possible that these aggregates favour a phenomenon of mass transport (self-curing by porous aggregate); influencing the water reactions to form crystalline and gel hydration products. Based on the ACI methodology, a concrete mixture of 250 kg/cm2 was designed, with portland blended cement 30R. The bond between the mortar and the coarse aggregate was characterized as physicochemical based on trials which were carefully observed during time span of 28 days. The BET technique was used to analyse the micro porosity and surface areas of contact of the different crystalline phases of the limestone. Its chemical composition and crystal structures were verified with scanning electron microscopy SEM-EDS. On the third day, the samples with saturated aggregate reached 237 kg/cm2 of resistence, nearly the design strength; while samples with dry aggregate, exceeded the design strength, with a capacity of 308 kg/cm2. Aggregates in dry conditions demand a high quantity of water in the initial mixture, causing high resistance at the early stages. In saturated conditions, the development of resistance is progressive but constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20curing" title=" internal curing"> internal curing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestone%20aggregate" title=" limestone aggregate"> limestone aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29256/evaluation-of-limestone-as-self-curing-aggregate-for-concretes-in-the-southeast-of-yucatan-peninsula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2634</span> Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Investigation of Polypropylene and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erjola%20Reufi">Erjola Reufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozefita%20Marku"> Jozefita Marku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Bier"> Thomas Bier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method has been shown for some time to provide a reliable means of estimating properties and offers a unique opportunity for direct, quick and safe control of building damaged by earthquake, fatigue, conflagration and catastrophic scenarios. On this investigation hybrid reinforced concrete has been investigated by UPV method. Hooked end steel fiber of length 50 and 30 mm was added to concrete in different proportion 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 % by the volume of concrete. On the other hand, polypropylene fiber of length 12, 6, 3 mm was added to concrete of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 % by the volume of concrete. Fifteen different mixture has been prepared to investigate the relation between compressive strength and UPV values and also to investigate on the effect of volume and type of fiber on UPV values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20fiber" title=" polypropylene fiber"> polypropylene fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fiber" title=" steel fiber"> steel fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20velocity" title=" ultrasonic pulse velocity"> ultrasonic pulse velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume" title=" volume"> volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%20of%20fiber" title=" type of fiber"> type of fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43530/ultrasonic-pulse-velocity-investigation-of-polypropylene-and-steel-fiber-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2633</span> Effect of Threshold Configuration on Accuracy in Upper Airway Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Fahham">Saba Fahham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supak%20Ngamsom"> Supak Ngamsom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchaya%20Damrongsri"> Suchaya Damrongsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The objective is to determine the optimal threshold of Romexis software for the airway volume and minimum cross-section area (MCA) analysis using Image J as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of ten cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were collected. The airway volume and MCA of each patient were analyzed using the automatic airway segmentation function in the CBCT DICOM viewer (Romexis). Airway volume and MCA measurements were conducted on each CBCT sagittal view with fifteen different threshold values from the Romexis software, Ranging from 300 to 1000. Duplicate DICOM files, in axial view, were imported into Image J for concurrent airway volume and MCA analysis as the gold standard. The airway volume and MCA measured from Romexis and Image J were compared using a t-test with Bonferroni correction, and statistical significance was set at p<0.003. Results: Concerning airway volume, thresholds of 600 to 850 as well as 1000, exhibited results that were not significantly distinct from those obtained through Image J. Regarding MCA, employing thresholds from 400 to 850 within Romexis Viewer showed no variance from Image J. Notably, within the threshold range of 600 to 850, there were no statistically significant differences observed in both airway volume and MCA analyses, in comparison to Image J. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the utilization of Planmeca Romexis Viewer 6.4.3.3 within threshold range of 600 to 850 yields airway volume and MCA measurements that exhibit no statistically significant variance in comparison to measurements obtained through Image J. This outcome holds implications for diagnosing upper airway obstructions and post-orthodontic surgical monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20analysis" title="airway analysis">airway analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airway%20segmentation" title=" airway segmentation"> airway segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20beam%20computed%20tomography" title=" cone beam computed tomography"> cone beam computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold" title=" threshold"> threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186082/effect-of-threshold-configuration-on-accuracy-in-upper-airway-analysis-using-cone-beam-computed-tomography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2632</span> High Temperature Volume Combustion Synthesis of Ti3Al with Low Porosities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nese%20%20Ozturk%20Korpe">Nese Ozturk Korpe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20H.%20Karas"> Muhammed H. Karas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reaction synthesis, or combustion synthesis, is a processing technique in which the thermal activation energy of formation of a compound is sustained by its exothermic heat of reaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high initial pressing pressures (420 MPa, 630 MPa, and 850 MPa) on porosity of Ti3Al which produced by volume combustion synthesis. Microstructure examinations were performed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Phase analyses were performed with X-ray diffraction device (XRD). A significant decrease in porosity was obtained due to an increase in the initial pressing pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Titanium%20Aluminide" title="Titanium Aluminide">Titanium Aluminide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volume%20Combustion%20Synthesis" title=" Volume Combustion Synthesis"> Volume Combustion Synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intermetallic" title=" Intermetallic"> Intermetallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Porosity" title=" Porosity"> Porosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120337/high-temperature-volume-combustion-synthesis-of-ti3al-with-low-porosities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2631</span> Comparisons of Surveying with Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Total Station for Volume Determination of Overburden and Coal Excavations in Large Open-Pit Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Keawaram">B. Keawaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Dumrongchai"> P. Dumrongchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The volume of overburden and coal excavations in open-pit mine is generally determined by conventional survey such as total station. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) used to measure overburden and coal excavations, and to compare TLS survey data sets with the data of the total station. Results revealed that, the reference points measured with the total station showed 0.2 mm precision for both horizontal and vertical coordinates. When using TLS on the same points, the standard deviations of 4.93 cm and 0.53 cm for horizontal and vertical coordinates, respectively, were achieved. For volume measurements covering the mining areas of 79,844 m<sup>2</sup>, TLS yielded the mean difference of about 1% and the surface error margin of 6 cm at the 95% confidence level when compared to the volume obtained by total station. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine" title="mine">mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrestrial%20laser%20scanner" title=" terrestrial laser scanner"> terrestrial laser scanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20station" title=" total station"> total station</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68291/comparisons-of-surveying-with-terrestrial-laser-scanner-and-total-station-for-volume-determination-of-overburden-and-coal-excavations-in-large-open-pit-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2630</span> Coupling of Two Discretization Schemes for the Lattice Boltzmann Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Horstmann">Tobias Horstmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Le%20Garrec"> Thomas Le Garrec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel-Ciprian%20Mincu"> Daniel-Ciprian Mincu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque"> Emmanuel Lévêque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the efficiency and low dissipation of the stream-collide formulation of the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) algorithm, which is nowadays implemented in many commercial LBM solvers, there are certain situations, e.g. mesh transition, in which a classical finite-volume or finite-difference formulation of the LB algorithm still bear advantages. In this paper, we present an algorithm that combines the node-based streaming of the distribution functions with a second-order finite volume discretization of the advection term of the BGK-LB equation on a uniform D2Q9 lattice. It is shown that such a coupling is possible for a multi-domain approach as long as the overlap, or buffer zone, between two domains, is achieved on at least 2Δx. This also implies that a direct coupling (without buffer zone) of a stream-collide and finite-volume LB algorithm on a single grid is not stable. The critical parameter in the coupling is the CFL number equal to 1 that is imposed by the stream-collide algorithm. Nevertheless, an explicit filtering step on the finite-volume domain can stabilize the solution. In a further investigation, we demonstrate how such a coupling can be used for mesh transition, resulting in an intrinsic conservation of mass over the interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm%20coupling" title="algorithm coupling">algorithm coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20formulation" title=" finite volume formulation"> finite volume formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20refinement" title=" grid refinement"> grid refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method"> Lattice Boltzmann method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61400/coupling-of-two-discretization-schemes-for-the-lattice-boltzmann-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar%20volume&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar%20volume&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar%20volume&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar%20volume&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar%20volume&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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