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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kaca panguahan sampun medal log <a href="/wiki/Wantuan:Pangater" aria-label="Pelajahin malih indik panguahan"><span>pelajahin malih</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kusus:Kontribusi_saya" title="Lis uahan sané kakardi saking alamat IP puniki [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Pituut</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kusus:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pabligbagan indik uahan saking alamat IP puniki [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pabligbagan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q771" title="Pranala maring item panyimpenan data sané kasambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Piranti kaca"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">gingsirang nuju sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">engkebang</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>Ragané tan kalugra uahin kaca puniki, santukan hawanan ring sor puniki: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Ragané dados nyingakin miwah nurun wit saking kaca puniki. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="ban" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Infobox U.S. state | name = Massachusetts | official_name = Commonwealth of Massachusetts | image_flag = Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg | flag_link = Flag of Massachusetts | image_seal = Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg | image_map = Massachusetts in United States (zoom).svg | nickname = The Bay State (official)<br />The Pilgrim State; The Puritan State<br />The Old Colony State<br />The Baked Bean State<ref>{{cite book|title=Massachusetts Encyclopedia|last=Herman|first=Jennifer|page=7|year=2008|publisher=State History Publications, LLC.|quote=Various nicknames have been given to describe Massachusetts, including the Bay State, the Old Bay State, the Pilgrim State, the Puritan State, the Old Colony State and, less often, the Baked Bean State}}</ref> | motto = ''[[Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem]]'' ([[Latin]])<br /><small>By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty</small> | MottoEnglish = By the sword she seeks peace under liberty | anthem = [[All Hail to Massachusetts]] | population_demonym = Bay Stater (official)<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth |url=https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleI/Chapter2/Section35 |publisher=The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts |access-date=July 21, 2021}}</ref> Massachusite (traditional)<ref>{{cite web |page=435 |title=Collections |publisher=[[Massachusetts Historical Society]] |place=Boston |year=1877 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdbnCkXB2RwC |access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Thomas |page=[https://archive.org/details/historynewyorkd01jonegoog/page/n555 465] |title=History of New York During the Revolutionary War |publisher=[[New-York Historical Society]] |editor-first=Edward Floyd |editor-last=DeLancey |place=New York |year=1879 |url=https://archive.org/details/historynewyorkd01jonegoog |access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> Massachusettsan (recommended by the U.S. GPO)<ref name="gpo">{{cite book |title= U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual |year= 2016|at= §5.23 |url= https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2016}}</ref> Masshole (derogatory<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nagy|first1=Naomi|last2=Irwin|first2=Patricia|title=Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)|journal=Language Variation and Change|date=July 2010|volume=22|issue=2|page=270|doi=10.1017/S0954394510000062|s2cid=147556528}}</ref> or endearing<ref>{{cite web|title='Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary|url=http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2015/06/masshole_among_newest_words_ad.html|website=masslive.com|access-date=October 27, 2016|date=June 25, 2015}}</ref>) | seat = [[Boston]] | LargestCity = capital | LargestMetro = [[Greater Boston]] | Governor = [[Charlie Baker]] ([[Massachusetts Republican Party|R]]) | Lieutenant Governor = [[Karyn Polito]] ([[Massachusetts Republican Party|R]]) | Legislature = [[Massachusetts General Court|General Court]] | Upperhouse = [[Massachusetts Senate|Senate]] | Lowerhouse = [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] | Judiciary = [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]] | Senators = {{nowrap|[[Elizabeth Warren]] ([[Massachusetts Democratic Party|D]])}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Ed Markey]] ([[Massachusetts Democratic Party|D]])}} | Representative = 9 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] | postal_code = MA | TradAbbreviation = Mass. | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwarz |first1=Hunter |title=States where English is the official language |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/08/12/states-where-english-is-the-official-language/ |access-date=December 29, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> | Languages = * [[English language|English]] 77.7% * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] 8.6% * [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] 2.8%. * [[Chinese language|Chinese]] 2.1%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B16001/0400000US25 |title=Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over—2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |publisher=[[American FactFinder]] |access-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005937/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_1YR/B16001/0400000US25 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref> | area_rank = 44th | area_total_sq_mi = 10,565<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821061951/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html |archive-date=August 21, 2015 }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 27,337 | area_land_sq_mi = 7,840 | area_land_km2 = 20,306 | area_water_sq_mi = 2,715 | area_water_km2 = 7,032 | area_water_percent = 26.1 | population_as_of = 2020<ref name="2020Census">{{cite web |title=2020 Census Apportionment Results |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |website=census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426210008/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_rank = 15th | 2010Pop = 6,984,723 | 2000DensityUS = 897 | 2000Density = 346 | population_density_rank = 3rd | MedianHouseholdIncome = $77,385<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|publisher=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|access-date=December 9, 2016}}</ref> | IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|2nd]] | HDI_year = 2019 | HDI = 0.956<ref>{{cite web|title=Sub-national HDI - Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/USA/?levels=1+4&years=2019&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0|url-status=live}}</ref> — <span style="color:#090">Very high</span> | HDI_rank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by Human Development Index|1st]] | Former = [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] | AdmittanceOrder = 6th | AdmittanceDate = February 6, 1788 | timezone1 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]] | utc_offset1 = – 05:00 | timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = – 04:00 | Latitude = 41°14′ N to 42°53′ N | Longitude = 69°56′ W to 73°30′ W | length_mi = 190 | length_km = 296 | width_mi = 115 | width_km = 184 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Greylock]]<ref>{{cite ngs| name=Greylock RM 1 Reset| pid=MZ1957}}</ref>{{efn|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}} | elevation_max_ft = 3,489 | elevation_max_m = 1063.4 | elevation_ft = 500 | elevation_m = 150 | elevation_min_point = Atlantic Ocean | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | iso_code = US-MA | website = http://www.mass.gov/ | Capital = Boston | Representatives = }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols | Name = Massachusetts | Flag = Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg | Seal = Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg | Bird = [[Black-capped chickadee]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Black-Capped Chickadee:Massachusetts State Bird |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-bird/black-capped-chickadee |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref> [[wild turkey]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Wild Turkey:Massachusetts State Game Bird |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-bird/wild-turkey |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref name=MassFacts>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Facts |url=http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm |publisher=Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts |access-date=April 21, 2015}}</ref> | Fish = [[Atlantic cod|Cod]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Cod: Massachusetts State Fish |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life/cod |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Flower = [[Epigaea repens|Mayflower]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mayflower: Massachusetts State Flower |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-flower/mayflower |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Insect = [[Coccinella septempunctata|Ladybug]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Ladybug: Massachusetts State Insect |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-insect/ladybug |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Mammal = [[Right whale]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Right Whale: Massachusetts State Marine Mammal |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life-state-mammal/right-whale |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Morgan horse]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Morgan Horse: Massachusetts State Horse |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-horse-state-mammal/morgan-horse |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Tabby cat]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Tabby Cat: Massachusetts State Cat |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/tabby-cat |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Boston Terrier]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Boston Terrier: Massachusetts State Dog |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dog-cat-state-mammal/boston-terrier |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Reptile = [[Garter snake]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Garter Snake: Massachusetts State Reptile |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-reptile/garter-snake |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Tree = [[American elm]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=American Elm: Massachusetts State Tree |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-tree/american-elm |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Beverage = [[Cranberry juice]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Cranberry Juice: Massachusetts State Beverage |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry-juice |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Colors = Blue, green, cranberry<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Blue—Green—Cranberry: Massachusetts State Colors |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-colors/blue-green-cranberry |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Dance = [[Square dance]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Square Dance: Massachusetts State Folk Dance |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dance-music-symbol/square-dance |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Food = [[Cranberry]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Cranberry: Massachusetts State Berry |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/cranberry |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> [[corn muffin]],<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Corn Muffin: Massachusetts State Muffin |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/corn-muffin |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[navy bean]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Baked Navy Bean: Massachusetts State Bean |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/baked-navy-bean |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[Boston cream pie]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Boston Creme Pie: Massachusetts State Dessert |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-pie |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[chocolate chip cookie]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Chocolate Chip Cookie: Massachusetts State Cookie |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/chocolate-chip-cookie |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> [[Boston cream doughnut]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Boston Cream Donut: Massachusetts State Donut |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-food-agriculture-symbol/boston-cream-donut |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 18, 2015}}</ref> | Fossil = [[Dinosaur Footprints|Dinosaur Tracks]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Dinosaur Tracks: Massachusetts State Fossil |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-dinosaur-fossil/dinosaur-tracks |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Gemstone = [[Rhodonite]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Rhodonite: Massachusetts State Gem |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-gem-gemstone/rhodonite |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Mineral = [[Babingtonite]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Babingtonite: Massachusetts State Mineral |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-mineral-rock/babingtonite |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Poem = [[Blue Hills of Massachusetts]]<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Hills of Massachusetts: Massachusetts State Poem |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-language-poetry/blue-hills-massachusetts |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 20, 2015}}</ref> | Rock = Roxbury Puddingstone<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=Official State Rock of Massachusetts |url=https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-mineral-rock/roxbury-puddingstone |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=November 28, 2019}}</ref> | Shell = [[New England Neptune]], ''Neptunea lyrata decemcostata''<ref name=MassFacts/><ref>{{cite web |title=New England Neptune: Massachusetts State Shell |url=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-fish-aquatic-life/new-england-neptune |publisher=StateSymbolsUSA.org |access-date=April 23, 2015}}</ref> | Ships = ''[[Schooner Ernestina]]''<ref name=MassFacts/> | Slogan = ''Make It Yours'',<br />''The Spirit of America''<ref>{{cite web |title=State Slogans |url=http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-slogans/ |publisher=Ereferencedesk.com |access-date=April 21, 2015}}</ref> | Soil = [[Paxton (soil)|Paxton]]<ref name=MassFacts/> | Sport = Basketball<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/08/09/can_you_guess_the_state_sport_of_massachusetts/ |title= Can you guess the state sport of Massachusetts? |first=Michael |last=Levenson |date=August 9, 2006 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=February 14, 2012}}</ref> | Route Marker = MA Route 28.svg | Quarter = 2000 MA Proof.png | QuarterReleaseDate = 2000<ref>{{cite web |title=The Official Massachusetts State Quarter |url=http://www.theus50.com/massachusetts/quarter.php |publisher=theus50.com |access-date=April 21, 2015 |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143527/http://www.theus50.com/massachusetts/quarter.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} '''Massachusetts''' uatwi resminé Persemakmuran Massachusetts, inggih punika satunggil negara wagian [[Amérika Serikat]], wagian saking wawengkon New England. Mawatesan sareng [[Samudra Atlantik]] miwah Teluk Maine ring sisi kangin, [[Connecticut]] miwah [[Nusa Rhode]] ring sisi kelod, [[New Hampshire]] miwah [[Vermont]] ring sisi kalér, miwah [[New York]] ring sisi kauh. == Galéri == <gallery> Sunset on Cape Cod Bay.jpg USA 09562 Boston Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg Highland Light, North Truro MA.jpg </gallery> == Pustaka == {{reflist|30em}} === Bibliografi === * {{Cite book|title=New England's outpost : Acadia before the conquest of Canada|last1=Brebner|first1=John Bartlet|year=1927|publisher = Columbia University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-7812-6367-0}} * {{Cite book|title= Anthropology and Migration:Essays on Transnational Ethnicity and Identity|last1= Brettell|first1= Caroline|year = 2003|publisher =[[AltaMira Press]]|location=Walnut Creek, CA|isbn=0-7591-0320-8}} * {{Cite book|title= Massachusetts: A Concise History|url= https://archive.org/details/massachusettscon00brow|last1= Brown|first1= Richard D|last2= Tager|first2= Jack|year= 2000|publisher =[[University of Massachusetts Press]]|location=Amherst, MA|isbn=1-55849-248-8}} * {{Cite book|last1 =Dejnozka|first1 = Edward L|last2 = Gifford|first2 = Charles S|last3 = Kapel|first3 = David E|last4 = Kapel|first4 = Marilyn B|year= 1982|title= American Educators' Encyclopedia|url =https://archive.org/details/americaneducator0000dejn|publisher= [[Greenwood Press]]|location = Westport, CT|isbn = 0-313-20954-5}} * {{Cite book|last1 =Goldfield|first1 = David|last2 = Abbott|first2 = Carl|last3 = Anderson|first3 = Virginia DeJohn|last4 = Argersinger|first4 = Jo Ann E|last5 = Argersinger|first5 = Peter H|last6 = Barney|first6 = William L|last7 = Weir|first7 = Robert M|year=1998|title=The American Journey – A History of the United States|url =https://archive.org/details/americanjourneyt00davi|publisher= [[Prentice Hall]]|location= Upper Saddle River, NJ|isbn=0-13-656562-X}} * {{Cite book|title=Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge|url=https://archive.org/details/smallpoxfighttoe0000kopl|last1=Koplow|first1=David A|year=2004|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Berkeley, CA|isbn=0-520-24220-3}} * {{Cite book|title=Handbook of Local Government Administration|last1=Sokolow|first1=Alvin D|year=1997|publisher=Marcel Dekker|chapter =Town and Township Government: Serving Rural and Suburban Communities|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-8247-9782-5}} === Cutetan === <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Pustaka liyanan == === Ikhtisar miwah survei === * Hall, Donald. ed. ''The Encyclopedia of New England'' (2005) * [[Works Progress Administration]]. ''Guide to Massachusetts'' (1939) === Wit kadadua === * Abrams, Richard M. ''Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics, 1900–1912'' (1964) * Adams, James Truslow. ''Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776'' (1923) * Adams, James Truslow. ''New England in the Republic, 1776–1850'' (1926) * Andrews, Charles M. ''The Fathers of New England: A Chronicle of the Puritan Commonwealths'' (1919), short survei * Conforti, Joseph A. ''Imagining New England: Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century'' (2001) * Cumbler, John T. ''Reasonable Use: The People, the Environment, and the State, New England, 1790–1930'' (1930), environmental history * Fischer, David Hackett. ''Paul Revere's Ride'' (1994), 1775 in depth * Flagg, Charles Allcott, [http://books.google.com/books?id=0Atgy_Y0lRwC&printsec=frontcover ''A Guide to Massachusetts local history''], Salem: Salem Press Company, 1907. * Green, James R., William F. Hartford, and Tom Juravich. ''Commonwealth of Toil: Chapters in the History of Massachusetts Workers and Their Unions'' (1996) * Huthmacher, J. Joseph. ''Massachusetts People and Politics, 1919–1933'' (1958) * Labaree, Benjamin Woods. ''Colonial Massachusetts: A History'' (1979) * Morison, Samuel Eliot. ''The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783–1860'' (1921) * Peirce, Neal R. ''The New England States: People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States'' (1976), 1960–75 era * Porter, Susan L. ''Women of the Commonwealth: Work, Family, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts'' (1996) * Sletcher, Michael. ''New England'' (2004). * Starkey, Marion L. ''The Devil in Massachusetts'' (1949), Salem witches * Tager, Jack, and John W. Ifkovic, eds. ''Massachusetts in the Gilded Age: Selected Essays'' (1985), ethnic groups * Zimmerman, Joseph F. ''[http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-new-england-town-meeting-democracy-in-action-by-joseph-f-zimmerman.jsp The New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action]'' (1999) == Pranala jaba == {{Sister project links|voy=Massachusetts}} {{wikiportal|Massachusetts}} * [http://www.mass.gov/ The Commonwealth of Massachusetts] * {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Massachusetts}} * [http://www.masshist.org/ Massachusetts Historical Society] * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/massachusetts/index.html Massachusetts State Guide] from the Library of Congress * [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MA Energy Profile for Massachusetts- Economic, environmental, and energy data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229212516/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MA |date=2010-12-29 }} * [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MA USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Massachusetts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229231522/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MA |date=2013-12-29 }} * [http://www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist Massachusetts Geological Survey] * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/massachusetts.html Maps of Massachusetts] * [http://newenglandtowns.org/massachusetts/ 1837 descriptions of Massachusetts cities, towns, mountains, lakes, and rivers, from ''Hayward's New England Gazetteer.''] * [http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm Massachusetts State Symbols] * [http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf4.htm Miscellaneous Massachusetts Facts] * [http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/MA.htm Massachusetts State Facts from USDA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830095916/http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/MA.htm |date=2014-08-30 }} * [http://www.law.cornell.edu/states/massachusetts.html Massachusetts Constitution and Laws] * [http://www.massvacation.com/ Massachusetts Tourism Board] * [http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/maritime/ Maritime History of Massachusetts, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] * [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases.asp?atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlName=&PAGEPREFIX=&submittype= Atlases of Massachusetts]. 1871-Walling&Gray, 1891-Walker, 1892-Mass., 1904-Walker. 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