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id="toc-Etymology_and_naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_and_indigenous_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_and_indigenous_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Local and indigenous names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_and_indigenous_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialectal_English_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectal_English_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Dialectal English names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialectal_English_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Latin name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Domestication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subspecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Subspecies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Build" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Build"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Build</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Build-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Behaviour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_and_territorial_behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_territorial_behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Social and territorial behaviour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_territorial_behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Reproduction and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enemies_and_competitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enemies_and_competitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Enemies and competitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enemies_and_competitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hybridisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybridisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hybridisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybridisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range,_history_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range,_history_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Range, history and conservation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Range,_history_and_conservation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Range, history and conservation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Range,_history_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Former Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases_and_parasites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases_and_parasites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Diseases and parasites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases_and_parasites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Relationships with humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationships_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationships with humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationships_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hunting_and_fur_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting_and_fur_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Hunting and fur use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting_and_fur_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tameability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tameability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Tameability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tameability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">European polecat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiller" title="Hiller – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Hiller" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="ابن عرس منتن أوروبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن عرس منتن أوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" title="Mustela putorius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mustela putorius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="موستلا پوتوریوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موستلا پوتوریوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лясны тхор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лясны тхор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Тхор лясны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тхор лясны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Черен пор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черен пор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudask" title="Pudask – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pudask" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%B3_com%C3%BA" title="Turó comú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turó comú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%C3%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хура кÿрен – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хура кÿрен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" title="Mustela putorius – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mustela putorius" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcho%C5%99_tmav%C3%BD" title="Tchoř tmavý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tchoř tmavý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffwlbart" title="Ffwlbart – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffwlbart" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilder" title="Ilder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ilder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ischer_Iltis" title="Europäischer Iltis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europäischer Iltis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_w%C3%B3naan%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_dl%C7%AB%CC%81%CA%BCii" title="Tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ dlǫ́ʼii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ dlǫ́ʼii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhkur" title="Tuhkur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuhkur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" title="Mustela putorius – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mustela putorius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putoro" title="Putoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Putoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipurtats" title="Ipurtats – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipurtats" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="قاقم دورنگ اروپایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قاقم دورنگ اروپایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putois" title="Putois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Putois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murd" title="Murd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Murd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_coille" title="Cat coille – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cat coille" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur%C3%B3n_bravo" title="Furón bravo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Furón bravo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B4%ED%84%B8%EC%A1%B1%EC%A0%9C%EB%B9%84" title="긴털족제비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="긴털족제비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvor" title="Tvor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tvor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putoro" title="Putoro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Putoro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerpelai_hitam_eropa" title="Cerpelai hitam eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cerpelai hitam eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" title="Mustela putorius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mustela putorius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9" title="חמוס מבאיש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמוס מבאיש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ევროპული ქრცვინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროპული ქრცვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%ABczajny_tw%C3%B3rz" title="Zwëczajny twórz – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zwëczajny twórz" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telibol_(Mustela_putorius)" title="Telibol (Mustela putorius) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Telibol (Mustela putorius)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBkink" title="Bûkink – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bûkink" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%BEa_saskys" title="Meža saskys – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Meža saskys" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%BEa_sesks" title="Meža sesks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meža sesks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamsusis_%C5%A1e%C5%A1kas" title="Tamsusis šeškas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tamsusis šeškas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6z%C3%B6ns%C3%A9ges_g%C3%B6r%C3%A9ny" title="Közönséges görény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közönséges görény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Твор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Твор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="യൂറോപ്യൻ ധ്രുവപ്പൂച്ച – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂറോപ്യൻ ധ്രുവപ്പൂച്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89" title="ابن عرس اوروبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن عرس اوروبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunzing" title="Bunzing – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bunzing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulk" title="Ulk – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ulk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%81" title="ヨーロッパケナガイタチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーロッパケナガイタチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeesk_Elk" title="Europeesk Elk – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Europeesk Elk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilder" title="Ilder – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ilder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilder" title="Ilder – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ilder" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مسٹیلا پٹوریس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مسٹیلا پٹوریس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchioe" title="Fuchioe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Fuchioe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%B3rz_zwyczajny" title="Tchórz zwyczajny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tchórz zwyczajny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%C3%A3o" title="Tourão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tourão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihor" title="Dihor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dihor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telpi" title="Telpi – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Telpi" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Лесной хорёк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лесной хорёк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foumart" title="Foumart – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Foumart" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulk" title="Ulk – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ulk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qelb%C3%ABsi_Evropian" title="Qelbësi Evropian – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qelbësi Evropian" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="European polecat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchor_tmav%C3%BD" title="Tchor tmavý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tchor tmavý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropski_dihur" title="Evropski dihur – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evropski dihur" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Твор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Твор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvor" title="Tvor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tvor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilleri" title="Hilleri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hilleri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller" title="Iller – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iller" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awerta_yegran" title="Awerta yegran – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Awerta yegran" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бызара – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бызара" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тхір лісовий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тхір лісовий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%93n_h%C3%B4i_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Chồn hôi châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chồn hôi châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhkru" title="Tuhkru – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tuhkru" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexh%C3%A5d" title="Vexhåd – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vexhåd" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesjow" title="Fiesjow – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Fiesjow" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" title="Mustela putorius – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mustela putorius" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%BC%AC" title="欧洲鼬 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧洲鼬" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אילטיס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אילטיס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BC%AC" title="歐洲鼬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐洲鼬" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of mustelid native to Eurasia and north Morocco</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a species of mammal referred to as "polecat". For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Polecat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Polecat (disambiguation)">Polecat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">European polecat<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> – Recent</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Storm_the_polecat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Storm_the_polecat.jpg/220px-Storm_the_polecat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Storm_the_polecat.jpg/330px-Storm_the_polecat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Storm_the_polecat.jpg/440px-Storm_the_polecat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Welsh polecat (<i>M. p. anglia</i>) at the <a href="/wiki/British_Wildlife_Centre" title="British Wildlife Centre">British Wildlife Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newchapel,_Surrey" title="Newchapel, Surrey">Newchapel, Surrey</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Mustela" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel"><i>Mustela</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>M. putorius</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Mustela putorius</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg/220px-Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg/330px-Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg/440px-Mustela_putorius_distribution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="253" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Geographic range </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>European polecat</b> (<i><b>Mustela putorius</b></i>), also known as the <b>common polecat</b>, <b>black polecat</b> and <b>forest polecat</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">mustelid</a> species native to western Eurasia and North Africa. It is of a generally dark brown colour, with a pale underbelly and a dark mask across the face. Occasionally, colour mutations including <a href="/wiki/Albinism" title="Albinism">albinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leucism" title="Leucism">leucists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabelline_(colour)#In_animals" title="Isabelline (colour)">isabellinists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xanthochromism" title="Xanthochromism">xanthochromists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelanism" title="Amelanism">amelanists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erythrism" title="Erythrism">erythrists</a> occur.<sup id="cite_ref-s1109_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1109-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a shorter, more compact body than other <i><a href="/wiki/Mustela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustela">Mustela</a></i> species,<sup id="cite_ref-s1108_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1108-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a more powerfully built skull and dentition,<sup id="cite_ref-s1112_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1112-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is less agile,<sup id="cite_ref-s1130_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is well known for having the characteristic ability to secrete a particularly foul-smelling liquid to mark its territory. </p><p>It is much less territorial than other mustelids, with animals of the same sex frequently sharing home ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-h480_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h480-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other mustelids, the European polecat is polygamous, with pregnancy occurring after mating, following <a href="/wiki/Induced_ovulation_(animals)" title="Induced ovulation (animals)">induced ovulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JODVI_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JODVI-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It usually gives birth in early summer to litters consisting of five to ten kits, which become independent at the age of two to three months. The European polecat feeds on small <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s1127_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1127-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occasionally cripples its prey by piercing its <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> with its teeth and stores it, still living, in its burrow for future consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-h482_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h482-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-j155_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j155-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European polecat originated in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>, with its closest living relatives being the <a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">steppe polecat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">black-footed ferret</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a>. With the two former species, it can produce fertile offspring,<sup id="cite_ref-davison_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davison-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though hybrids between it and the latter species tend to be sterile, and are distinguished from their parent species by their larger size and more valuable pelts.<sup id="cite_ref-khonorik_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khonorik-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European polecat is thought to be the sole ancestor of the <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferret</a>, which was domesticated more than 2,000 years ago for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Pest_control#History" title="Pest control">hunting vermin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h485_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h485-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species has otherwise been historically viewed negatively by humans. In Britain especially, the polecat was persecuted by <a href="/wiki/Gamekeeping" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamekeeping">gamekeepers</a>, and became synonymous with <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">promiscuity</a> in early <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>. During modern times, the polecat is still scantly represented in popular culture when compared to other rare British mammals, and misunderstandings of its behaviour still persist in some rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-bidder_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidder-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2008, it has been classified as <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> due to its wide range and large numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_naming">Etymology and naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "polecat" first appeared after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest of England">Norman Conquest of England</a>, written (in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>) as <i>polcat</i>. While the second syllable is largely self-explanatory, the origin of the first is unclear. It is possibly derived from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">poule</i></span>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a>", likely in reference to the species' fondness for poultry, or it may be a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">ful</i></span>, meaning "foul". In Middle English, the species was referred to as <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">foumart</i></span>, meaning "foul marten", in reference to its strong odour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, the polecat was called <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">fissau</i></span>, which was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian language">Scandinavian</a> verb for "to make a disagreeable smell". This was later corrupted in English as <i>fitchew</i> or <i>fitchet</i>, which itself became the word "fitch", which is used for the polecat's pelt.<sup id="cite_ref-j154_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j154-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>fitchet</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Root_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Root word">root word</a> for the North American <a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">fisher</a>, which was named by <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch colonists in America</a> who noted similarities between the two species.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries such as New Zealand, the term "fitch" has taken on a wider use to refer to related creatures such as ferrets, especially when farmed for their fur.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2002 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Mammal_Society" title="The Mammal Society">The Mammal Society</a>'s <i>Mammal Review</i> contested the European polecat's status as an animal indigenous to Britain on account of a scarce <a href="/wiki/Fossil_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil record">fossil record</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistic</a> evidence. Unlike most native British mammals, the polecat's <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> name (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">ffwlbart</i></span>, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">foulmart</i></span>) is not of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> origin, much as the Welsh names of invasive species such as the <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">European rabbit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fallow_deer" title="Fallow deer">fallow deer</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">cwningen</i></span>, derived from the Middle English <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">konyng</i></span> and <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">danas</i></span>, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">dain</i></span>, respectively) are of Middle English or Old French origin. Polecats are not mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon literature">Anglo-Saxon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh literature</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a> in 1066, with the first recorded mention of the species in the Welsh language occurring in the 14th century's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Book_of_Hergest" class="mw-redirect" title="The Red Book of Hergest">Llyfr Coch Hergest</a></i> and in English in <a href="/wiki/Chaucer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaucer">Chaucer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pardoner%27s_Tale" title="The Pardoner's Tale">The Pardoner's Tale</a></i> (1383). In contrast, attestations of the Welsh word for <a href="/wiki/Pine_marten" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine marten">pine marten</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">bele</i></span>), date back at least to the 10th century <a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Welsh Laws</a> and possibly much earlier in northern England.<sup id="cite_ref-foulmart_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foulmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_and_indigenous_names">Local and indigenous names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Local and indigenous names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/European_polecat#Translations" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:European polecat">Wiktionary:European polecat § Translations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dialectal_English_names">Dialectal English names</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialectal English names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Probably no other animal on the British list has had as many colloquial names as the polecat. In southern England it was generally referred to as 'fitchou' whereas in the north it was 'foumat or foumard... However there were a host of others including endless spelling variations: philbert, fulmer, fishock, filibart, poulcat, poll cat, etc. Charles Oldham identified at least 20 different versions of the name in the Hertfordshire/Bedfordshire area alone.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Roger Lovegrove (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-l198_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l198-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <table class="wikitable collapsed"> <caption>Indigenous names for <i>Mustela putorius</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Linguistic group or area</th> <th>Dialectal name </th></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Manx" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Manx">Anglo-Manx</a></small></td> <td><small><i>Foul-cat</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Craven_in_the_Domesday_Book" title="Craven in the Domesday Book">Craven</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>/South Lancashire</small></td> <td><small><i>Pow-cat</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></small></td> <td><small><i>Foomart</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></small></td> <td><small><i>Fitchuck</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_dialect_and_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire dialect and accent">Lancashire</a></small></td> <td><small><i>Foomurt</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></small></td> <td><small><i>Foumart</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Thummurt</i>, <i>Thoomurt</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-wilson_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_name">Latin name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Latin name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as the several indigenous names referring to smell (see above), the scientific name <i>Mustela putorius</i> is also derived from this species' foul smell. The Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">putorius</i></span> translates to "stench" or "stink" and is the origin of the English word <i>putrid</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest true polecat was <i>Mustela stromeri</i>, which appeared during the late <a href="/wiki/Villafranchian" title="Villafranchian">Villafranchian</a>. It was considerably smaller than the present form, thus indicating polecats evolved at a relatively late period. The oldest modern polecat fossils occur in Germany, Britain and France, and date back to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>. The European polecat's closest relatives are the <a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">steppe polecat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">black-footed ferret</a>, with which it is thought to have shared <i>Mustela stromeri</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a>. The European polecat is, however, not as maximally adapted in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivory</a> as the steppe polecat, being less specialised in skull structure and dentition.<sup id="cite_ref-h480_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h480-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-k98_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k98-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-s1115_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1115-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European polecat likely diverged from the steppe polecat 1.5 million years ago based on <a href="/wiki/RBP3" title="RBP3">IRBP</a>, though <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b" title="Cytochrome b">cytochrome b</a> transversions indicate a younger date of 430,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also closely related to the <a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a>, with which it can hybridise.<sup id="cite_ref-s1086_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1086-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestication">Domestication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Domestication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg/220px-Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg/330px-Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg/440px-Women_hunting_rabbits_with_a_ferret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption><i>Women hunting rabbits with a ferret</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Psalter" title="Queen Mary Psalter">Queen Mary Psalter</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">Morphological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">cytological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular</a> studies confirm the European polecat is the sole ancestor of the ferret, thus disproving any connection with the steppe polecat, which was once thought to have contributed to the ferret's creation.<sup id="cite_ref-h485_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h485-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferrets were first mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> in 425 BC and by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> in 350 BC. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> writers in the first century AD were the first to attest on the ferret's use in bolting <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a> from their burrows. The first accurate descriptions of ferrets come from <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> during 200 AD, when ferrets were released onto the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> to <a href="/wiki/Varmint_hunting#Targets_of_varmint_hunting" title="Varmint hunting">control rabbit populations</a>. As the <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">European rabbit</a> is native to the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and northwest <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, the European polecat likely was first domesticated in these regions.<sup id="cite_ref-l3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ferret and European polecat are similar in both size and portions, to the point that dark-coloured ferrets are almost indistinguishable from their wild cousins, though the ferret's skull has a smaller cranial volume, and has a narrower postorbital constriction.<sup id="cite_ref-h485_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h485-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to the European polecat, the ferret has a much smaller brain, though this comparison has not been made with Mediterranean polecats, from which ferrets likely derive.<sup id="cite_ref-h108_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h108-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory of a Mediterranean origin is further strengthened because the ferret is less tolerant of cold than northern polecat subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-Clutton-Brock_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clutton-Brock-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other subspecies, which are largely solitary, the ferret will readily live in social groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ferret is also slower in all its movements than the polecat, and hardly ever makes any use of its anal scent glands.<sup id="cite_ref-h86_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h86-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the ferret represents a <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neotenous</a> form of polecat.<sup id="cite_ref-l93_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l93-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subspecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, seven subspecies are recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr style="background: #115a6c"> <th>Subspecies </th> <th>Trinomial authority </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Range </th> <th style="width:12em;">Synonyms </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Common polecat</b><br /><i>M. p. putorius</i> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Nominate_subspecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominate subspecies">Nominate subspecies</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polecat_in_denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Polecat_in_denmark.jpg/150px-Polecat_in_denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Polecat_in_denmark.jpg/225px-Polecat_in_denmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Polecat_in_denmark.jpg/300px-Polecat_in_denmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>Linnaeus, 1758 </td> <td>Larger than <i>mosquensis</i>, with darker, fluffier and more lustrous fur<sup id="cite_ref-s1125_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1125-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Western <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">North Africa</a> </td> <td><small><i>flavicans</i> (de Sélys Longchamps, 1839)</small><br /> <p><small><i>foetens</i> (Thunberge, 1789)</small><br /> <small><i>foetidus</i> (Gray, 1843)</small><br /> <small><i>iltis</i> (Boddaert, 1785)</small><br /> <small><i>infectus</i> (Ogérien, 1863)</small><br /> <small><i>manium</i> (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904)</small><br /> <small><i>putorius</i> (Blyth, 1842)</small><br /> <small><i>verus</i> (Brandt in Simashko, 1851)</small><br /> <small><i>vison</i> (de Sélys Longchamps, 1839)</small><br /> <small><i>vulgaris</i> (Griffith, 1827)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Welsh polecat</b><br /><i>M. p. anglia</i> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg/150px-Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg/225px-Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg/300px-Polecat_wildlife_centre_surrey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>Pocock, 1936 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mediterranean polecat</b><br /><i>M. p. aureola</i> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustelaputoriusaureola.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mustelaputoriusaureola.png/150px-Mustelaputoriusaureola.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mustelaputoriusaureola.png/225px-Mustelaputoriusaureola.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mustelaputoriusaureola.png/300px-Mustelaputoriusaureola.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="575" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 </td> <td>A small subspecies with yellowish underfur;<sup id="cite_ref-m425_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m425-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it may be the ancestral subspecies from which the domestic ferret is derived, based on the characteristics of the teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-h49_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h49-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The southern and western portions of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a><b>Scottish polecat</b><br /><i>M. p. caledoniae</i> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thorburn_Polecat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Thorburn_Polecat.jpg/150px-Thorburn_Polecat.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Thorburn_Polecat.jpg/225px-Thorburn_Polecat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Thorburn_Polecat.jpg/300px-Thorburn_Polecat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>Tetley, 1939 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Domestic ferret</b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">M. p. furo</a></i> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferret_2008.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ferret_2008.png/150px-Ferret_2008.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ferret_2008.png/225px-Ferret_2008.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ferret_2008.png/300px-Ferret_2008.png 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="941" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td>Linnaeus, 1758 </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> form, its skull is generally typical in conformation to the nominate subspecies, though with features in common with the steppe polecat.<sup id="cite_ref-s1115_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1115-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, the dark facial fur does not extend to the nose, while the pale cheek patches are very extensive and contrast poorly with the dark mask. One or more paws may be white, with white guard hairs often being well distributed over the body, particularly on the hind quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-kitch_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kitch-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic animals">Worldwide in association with humans</a> </td> <td><small><i>albus</i> (Bechstein, 1801)</small><br /> <p><small><i>furoputorius</i> (Link, 1795)</small><br /> <small><i>subrufo</i> (Gray, 1865)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Middle Russian polecat</b><br /><i>M. p. mosquensis</i> </td> <td>Heptner, 1966 </td> <td>A small subspecies, with relatively light, slightly fluffy fur with little lustre<sup id="cite_ref-s1125_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1125-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> </td> <td><small><i>orientalis</i> (Brauner, 1929)</small><br /> <p><small><i>orientalis</i> (Polushina, 1955)</small><br /> <small><i>ognevi</i> (Kratochvil)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Carpathian polecat</b><br /><i>M. p. rothschildi</i> </td> <td>Pocock, 1932 </td> <td>A very lightly coloured subspecies, its fur closely approaches that of the steppe polecat.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Build">Build</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Build"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_(Mustela_putorius_skull).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A sprinting cheetah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius_skull%29.jpg/200px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius_skull%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius_skull%29.jpg/300px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius_skull%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius_skull%29.jpg/400px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius_skull%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Skull</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_(Mustela_putorius).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius%29.jpg/200px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius%29.jpg/300px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius%29.jpg/400px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Mustela_putorius%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Skeleton</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The appearance of the European polecat is typical of members of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mustela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustela">Mustela</a></i>, though it is generally more compact in conformation and, although short-legged, has a less elongated body than the <a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a> or <a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">steppe polecat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s1108_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1108-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m419_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m419-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tail is short, about one-third its body length.<sup id="cite_ref-s1108_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1108-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eyes are small, with dark brown <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">irises</a>. The hind <a href="/wiki/Toes" class="mw-redirect" title="Toes">toes</a> are long and partially webbed, with weakly curved 4 mm-long, nonretractable claws. The front claws are strongly curved, partially retractable, and measure 6 mm in length.<sup id="cite_ref-h477_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h477-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feet are moderately long and more robust than in other members of the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-m419_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m419-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The polecat's skull is relatively coarse and massive, more so than the mink's, with a strong, but short and broad facial region and strongly developed projections. In comparison to other similarly sized mustelids, the polecat's teeth are very strong, large and massive in relation to skull size. <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a> in the skull is apparent in the lighter, narrower skull of the female, which also has weaker projections.<sup id="cite_ref-s1112_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1112-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The polecat's running gait is not as complex and twisting as that of the mink or <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a>, and it is not as fast as the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">mountain weasel</a> (<i>solongoi</i>), stoat or <a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">least weasel</a>, as it can be outrun by a conditioned man. Its <a href="/wiki/Sensory_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory organs">sensory organs</a> are well developed, though it is unable to distinguish between colours.<sup id="cite_ref-s1130_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dimensions of the European polecat vary greatly. The species does not conform to <a href="/wiki/Bergmann%27s_rule" title="Bergmann's rule">Bergmann's rule</a>, with the pattern of size variation seeming to follow a trend of size increase along an east–west axis.<sup id="cite_ref-marinis_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marinis-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males measure 350–460 mm (14–18 in) in body length and females are 290–394 mm (11–16 in). The tail measures 115–167 mm in males and 84–150 mm in females. Adult males in middle Europe weigh 1,000–1,500 grams (35–53 oz) and females 650–815 grams (23–29 oz). <a href="/wiki/Gigantism" title="Gigantism">Gigantism</a> is known among polecats, but specimens exhibiting this are likely the products of polecat-mink <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s1114_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1114-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fur">Fur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Polecat_(Mustela_putorius)-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/European_Polecat_%28Mustela_putorius%29-8.jpg/220px-European_Polecat_%28Mustela_putorius%29-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/European_Polecat_%28Mustela_putorius%29-8.jpg/330px-European_Polecat_%28Mustela_putorius%29-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/European_Polecat_%28Mustela_putorius%29-8.jpg/440px-European_Polecat_%28Mustela_putorius%29-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2524" /></a><figcaption>A young <a href="/wiki/Erythrism" title="Erythrism">erythristic</a> Welsh polecat at the British Wildlife Centre, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>The winter fur of the European polecat is brownish black or blackish brown, the intensity of which is determined by the colour of the long guard hairs. On the back and flanks, the dark tone is brightened by bright whitish-yellowish, sometimes yellowish-greyish underfur which shows through. The lightly coloured underfur is not equally visible on different parts of the body. On the back and hindquarters, the underfur is almost completely covered by the dark guard hairs. On the flanks, though, the lightening is well defined, and contrasts sharply with the general tone of the back. The throat, lower neck, chest and abdomen are black or blackish brown. The limbs are pure black or black with brown tints, while the tail is black or blackish brown, completely lacking light underfur. The area around and between the eyes is black-brown, with a longitudinal stripe of similar colour along the top of the nose. The ears are dark brown and edged with white. The summer fur is short, sparse and coarse. It is greyer, duller and lacking in the lustre of the winter fur. The underfur is more weakly developed in the summer fur, and has a brownish-grey or rusty-grey colour.<sup id="cite_ref-s1109_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1109-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The polecat is a good swimmer,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its fur is not as well insulated against cold water as the <a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a>'s; while a mink will take 118 minutes to cool in a water temperature of 8 °C (46 °F), the polecat cools down much faster at 26–28 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-s1411_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1411-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polecats were found in two major phenotypes a typic one and a dark fur one with no black mask.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colour mutations include <a href="/wiki/Albinism" title="Albinism">albinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leucism" title="Leucism">leucists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabelline_(colour)#In_animals" title="Isabelline (colour)">isabellinists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xanthochromism" title="Xanthochromism">xanthochromists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelanism" title="Amelanism">amelanists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erythrism" title="Erythrism">erythrists</a>. In typical erythristic individuals, the underfur is usually bright reddish. The guard hairs on the trunk are bright reddish or reddish brown. Black guard hairs are absent on the lower body and head. In some rare cases, the guard hairs are so light, they are almost indistinguishable from the pale-yellow underfur. These individuals are called "amelanistic". In these cases, the whole animal is a very light golden-yellow colour.<sup id="cite_ref-s1109_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1109-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These individuals are called "isabelline" or "xanthochromistic". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustela_putorius-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mustela_putorius-1.jpg/220px-Mustela_putorius-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mustela_putorius-1.jpg/330px-Mustela_putorius-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Mustela_putorius-1.jpg/440px-Mustela_putorius-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>A group of common polecats in Sweden</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_territorial_behaviour">Social and territorial behaviour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Social and territorial behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European polecat has definite <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home ranges</a> that vary according to season, habitat, sex and social status.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breeding females settle in discrete areas, whereas breeding males and dispersing juveniles have more fluid home ranges, and are more mobile.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both males and females share home ranges with other members of the same sex; males have larger home ranges than females, but evidence of <a href="/wiki/Territorial_marking" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial marking">territorial marking</a> is sparse.<sup id="cite_ref-h480_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h480-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European polecats use several den sites distributed throughout their home ranges and are often most active around rabbit warrens. Some European polecats use farm buildings or haystacks as daytime resting sites in winter.<sup id="cite_ref-h480_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h480-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, European polecats use abandoned <a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger</a> or <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a> burrows.<sup id="cite_ref-s1129_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1129-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other mustelids, the polecat is usually a silent animal, though it will growl fiercely when angered, and squeak when distressed. It also emits a low, mewling cry to its mate or offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-j155_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j155-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction_and_development">Reproduction and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reproduction and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European polecat is a seasonal breeder, with no courtship rituals. During the <a href="/wiki/Mating_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Mating season">mating season</a>, the male grabs the female by the neck and drags her about to stimulate <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a>, then copulates for up to an hour. The species is <a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour#Polygamy" title="Animal sexual behaviour">polygamous</a>, with each male polecat mating with several females. The <a href="/wiki/Gestation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestation period">gestation period</a> lasts 40–43 days, with litters usually being born in May-early June. Each litter typically consists of five to ten kits. At birth, the kits weigh 9–10 g (0.32–0.35 oz) and measure 55–70 mm (2.2–2.8 in) in body length; they are blind and deaf. At the age of one week, the kits are covered in silky, white fur, which is replaced with a cinnamon brown-greyish woolly coat at the age of 3–4 wk. <a href="/wiki/Weaning" title="Weaning">Weaning</a> begins at three weeks of age, while the permanent dentition erupts after 7–8 wk. The kits become independent after two to three months.<sup id="cite_ref-h482_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h482-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Females are very protective of their young, and have even been known to confront humans approaching too closely to their litters.<sup id="cite_ref-b158_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b158-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png/220px-Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png/330px-Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png/440px-Thorburn_polecat_rabbit_%26_weasel.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Scottish polecat guarding a rabbit carcass from a <a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">least weasel</a>, as painted by <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Thorburn" title="Archibald Thorburn">Archibald Thorburn</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polecathunting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polecathunting.jpg/220px-Polecathunting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polecathunting.jpg/330px-Polecathunting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polecathunting.jpg/440px-Polecathunting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>Common polecat attacking a <a href="/wiki/Grey_partridge" title="Grey partridge">grey partridge</a>, as exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(Bulgaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Natural History (Bulgaria)">Bulgarian National Museum of Natural History</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The European polecat's diet consists of <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mouse</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>. Its most frequent prey item in the former Soviet Union is the <a href="/wiki/Common_vole" title="Common vole">common vole</a> and rarely the <a href="/wiki/Clethrionomys" title="Clethrionomys">red-backed vole</a>. In large river floodlands, <a href="/wiki/European_Water_Vole" class="mw-redirect" title="European Water Vole">water vole</a> are common prey. In spring and winter, amphibians (especially <a href="/wiki/Rana_(genus)" title="Rana (genus)">grass frogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Toad" class="mw-redirect" title="European Green Toad">green toads</a>) become important food items. Selective predation on male frogs by the polecat decreases the occurrence of polyandry in frog populations.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because amphibians have little <a href="/wiki/Calorific_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Calorific value">calorific value</a>, the polecat never grows fat on them, no matter how many it consumes. In Central Europe, the diet in winter months is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> including <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_partridge" title="Grey partridge">grey partridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon">pigeons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerines</a>. Seasonal changes in the activity rhythm is synchronised with the activity of the main prey.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species only rarely preyed upon by the polecat include <a href="/wiki/European_hedgehog" title="European hedgehog">European hedgehogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vipera_aspis" title="Vipera aspis">asp vipers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grass_snake" title="Grass snake">grass snakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lizards" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizards">lizards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s1127_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1127-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Britain, it commonly kills <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">brown rats</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">European rabbits</a>, and is capable of killing larger prey, such as <a href="/wiki/Geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Geese">geese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h482_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h482-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One polecat was reported to frequently wait at a riverbank and catch eels, which it took back to its burrow.<sup id="cite_ref-l115_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l115-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European polecat hunts its prey by stalking it and seizing it with its <a href="/wiki/Canine_teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Canine teeth">canine teeth</a>, killing the animal with a bite to the neck. This killing method is instinctive, but perfected with practice. The polecat sometimes <a href="/wiki/Cache_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cache (biology)">caches</a> its food, particularly during seasonal gluts of frogs and toads.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, the polecat does not kill these, but bites them at the base of the skull, thus paralyzing them and keeping them fresh for later consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-h482_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h482-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they are normally shy around humans, naturalist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brehm" title="Alfred Brehm">Alfred Brehm</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Brehms_Tierleben" title="Brehms Tierleben">Brehms Tierleben</a></i> mentions an exceptional case in which three polecats attacked a baby in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b158_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b158-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During winter, some European polecats raid <a href="/wiki/Beehive" title="Beehive">beehives</a> and feed on <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maxwell_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maxwell-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enemies_and_competitors">Enemies and competitors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Enemies and competitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the European polecat can coexist with the <a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a>, it suffers in areas where the invasive <a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a> also occurs, as the latter species feeds on the same mammals as the polecat much more frequently than the European mink, and has been known to drive the polecat out of wetland habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-sidorovich_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sidorovich-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In areas where the European polecat is sympatric with the <a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">steppe polecat</a>, the two species overlap greatly in choice of food, though the former tends to consume more household foods and birds, while the latter preys on mammals more frequently.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is at least one record of a <a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">beech marten</a> killing a polecat.<sup id="cite_ref-s902_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s902-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European polecat may prey on the much smaller least weasel.<sup id="cite_ref-s992_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s992-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hybridisation">Hybridisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hybridisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Polecat%E2%80%93ferret_hybrid" title="Polecat–ferret hybrid">Polecat–ferret hybrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polecat%E2%80%93mink_hybrid" title="Polecat–mink hybrid">Polecat–mink hybrid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg/220px-Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg/330px-Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg/440px-Ferret-Polecat-Hybrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption>Heads of a <b>1)</b> polecat, <b>2)</b> ferret and <b>3)</b> polecat-ferret hybrid</figcaption></figure> <p>In some parts of Britain, the abandonment of domestic <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferrets</a> has led to ferret-polecat crossbreeds living in the wild. Ferrets were likely first brought to Britain after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Conquest of England">Norman Conquest of England</a>, or as late as the fourteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-davison_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davison-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crossbreeds between the two animals typically have a distinct white throat patch, white feet and white hairs interspersed among the fur.<sup id="cite_ref-h485_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h485-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, first generation crossbreeds between polecats and ferrets develop their wild parents' fear of humans if left with their mothers during the critical socialisation period between 7½ and 8½ weeks of age.<sup id="cite_ref-poole_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poole-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European polecat can hybridise with the <a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a>, producing offspring termed <i>khor'-tumak</i> by Russian furriers<sup id="cite_ref-s1086_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1086-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>khonorik</i> by fanciers.<sup id="cite_ref-khonorik_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khonorik-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such hybridisation is very rare in the wild, and typically only occurs where the European mink population is in decline.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A polecat-mink hybrid has a poorly defined facial mask, yellow fur on the ears, grey-yellow underfur and long, dark brown guard hairs. It is fairly large, with a male attaining the peak sizes known for European polecats weighing <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1,120–1,746 g (2 lb <span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> oz – 3 lb <span class="frac">13<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> oz) and measuring <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">41–47 cm (16–<span class="frac">18<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) in length; a female is much larger than a female European minks weighing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">742 g (<span class="frac">26<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> oz) and measuring <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">37 cm (<span class="frac">14<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-sidorovich_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sidorovich-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of polecat-mink hybrids have skulls bearing greater similarities to those of polecats than to minks; they can swim well and burrow for food like polecats, but are difficult to tame and breed, as males are <a href="/wiki/Sterility_(physiology)" title="Sterility (physiology)">sterile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tumanov_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumanov-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first captive polecat-mink hybrid was created in 1978 for fur, but breeding of these hybrids declined as European mink populations decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-khonorik_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khonorik-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies on the behavioural ecology of free-ranging polecat-mink hybrids in the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Lovat_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovat River">Lovat River</a> indicate that hybrids stray from aquatic habitats more readily than minks, and tolerate both parent species entering their territories, though the hybrid's larger size, especially the male's deters intrusion. During summer, the diets of wild polecat-mink hybrids are more similar to those of minks than to the polecats, as they feed predominantly on frogs. During winter, their diets overlap more with those of polecats, and will eat a larger proportion of <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a> than in the summer, though they still rely heavily on <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a> and rarely scavenge ungulate carcasses as polecats do.<sup id="cite_ref-sidorovich_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sidorovich-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European polecat can also hybridise with the Asian <a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">steppe polecat</a> or the domestic ferret to produce fertile offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-davison_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davison-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European-steppe polecat hybrids are very rare, despite their <a href="/wiki/Sympatry" title="Sympatry">sympatry</a> in several areas. Nevertheless, hybrids have been recorded in southern <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh Oblasts</a>, the Trans-<a href="/wiki/Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathians">Carpathians</a> and several other localities.<sup id="cite_ref-s1144_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1144-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range,_history_and_conservation"><span id="Range.2C_history_and_conservation"></span>Range, history and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Range, history and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European polecat is widespread in the western <a href="/wiki/Palaearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaearctic">Palaearctic</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>, though it is absent from Ireland, northern <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, and much of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coast. It occurs only marginally in northern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. It is found in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rif_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif Mountains">Rif Mountains</a>, from sea level to 2,400 m (7,900 ft). Its domesticated form, the ferret, was introduced in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>, and some Mediterranean islands and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britain">Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There are ... some extreme examples, but the fact remains that throughout England and Wales polecats were consistently persecuted at a greater intensity than any other species of mustelid. Did this level of persecution have an effect on overall numbers or did it purely satisfy local vengeance? ... The polecat may be the best example of a species for which the level of killing really did make a difference to the population. The developing sporting estates then administered the <i>coup de grâce</i>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Roger Lovegrove (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-l200_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l200-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In Britain, the European polecat was regarded as a serious poultry predator prior to the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Chain-link_fencing" title="Chain-link fencing">wire netting</a>, therefore eliminating it was considered the only option to protect stock. This extreme enmity does not appear to have been universal however. Speaking of <a href="/wiki/Merioneth" class="mw-redirect" title="Merioneth">Merioneth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>) Peter Hope Jones reported that "for a county supposedly well-placed within the known past distribution of this species, Merioneth has relatively very few records of Polecats amongst its parish bounty payments. Perhaps this animal was not generally considered to be an important pest, but whatever the real reason, in only two parishes are direct references made to this species by the name by which we know it today. In the years from 1729 to 1732 about twenty were killed in Towyn parish, where 2/6 was paid for a full-grown polecat and half this sum for a young 'kittin'. Records for Llanfor.... show that only 42 were killed in the 39-year period from 1720 to 1758, the payment being exactly half the going rate for a fox, i.e. 2/6 for a full-grown polecat, and 1/3 for a young animal".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, for example, at least 42 <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> paid bounties for polecats, of which three extended into the 19th century, though by this time only single individuals were recorded, and usually after gaps of many years.<sup id="cite_ref-l198_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l198-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a>, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">David II</a>, an export duty of 4<a href="/wiki/Dupondius" title="Dupondius">d.</a> was imposed on each polecat fur trimmer, which was raised to 8d. in 1424. The species held an important place in Scotland's fur markets; the annual Dumfries Fur Fair (1816–1874) sold 400 polecat pelts in 1829 and 600 in 1831. The following year, a contemporary account described polecat skins as "a drug on the market". In 1856, the number of sold pelts decreased to 240, 168 in 1860, 12 in 1866 and none in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-r162_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r162-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decline was halted with the decrease in the intensity of gamekeeping during the 20 year interval between the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-l275_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l275-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European polecat is afforded both national and European protection; it is listed on Schedule 6 of the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_and_Countryside_Act_1981" title="Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981">Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981</a> and Regulation 41 of the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994 and is listed on Annex V of the <a href="/wiki/Habitats_Directive" title="Habitats Directive">Habitats Directive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survey carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Wildlife_Trust" title="Vincent Wildlife Trust">Vincent Wildlife Trust</a> in 2015 found that the polecat had spread into areas (such as East Anglia and South Yorkshire) where they had not been seen for 100 years. Naturalist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Packham" title="Chris Packham">Chris Packham</a> termed the spread "...one of the great natural recoveries."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> also now has a small polecat population, a fact discovered after scientists set up cameras to film <a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">pine martens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European polecat is present in all of France's territories, excepting <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, and has been in a state of decline for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, it is listed as Least Concern on France's Red Data Book. The European polecat is rare in numerous regions or <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" class="mw-redirect" title="Département">départements</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhone">Rhone</a>-<a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> region, its population has undergone a sizeable decline since the 1990s, largely as a consequence of poisoning campaigns against <a href="/wiki/Muskrat" title="Muskrat">muskrats</a>. A 1999 study on the decline of polecats in this region indicated the species has little chance of surviving there. Elsewhere, it is considered either rare or sporadic in 22 districts and absent or extirpated in 22 others. In <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>, for example, polecat populations have been decreasing since 1975, and have disappeared in 27 communes in <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>. Its numbers are declining in <a href="/wiki/Morvan" title="Morvan">Morvan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>, and is thinly distributed in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>. Although present in <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, its numbers have been dropping since the 1950s, and is very rare in the mountain regions. In <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, the speed of the polecat's decline has somewhat decreased. In the alpine départements, its range is limited by altitude, as the species relies on more Mediterranean climates to thrive. It is, however, especially abundant in the irrigated <a href="/wiki/Crau" title="Crau">Crau</a>, but is absent on the eastern part of the area, apparently being restricted by the valleys of the <a href="/wiki/Durance" title="Durance">Durance</a> and Rhone Rivers. The largest populations occur in Northern France: <a href="/wiki/Pas_de_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas de Calais">Pas de Calais</a>, Central France; <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a> and the areas of the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>, which holds the largest record of polecat observations. It is common in all the départements of <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-putois_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-putois-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_Soviet_Union">Former Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Former Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The western border of the European polecat's range in the former Soviet Union begins from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in the south approximately to northwest of <a href="/wiki/Suoyarvi" title="Suoyarvi">Suoyarvi</a>, on the Finnish border in the north. In <a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a>, its northern border extends from the former point towards the southeast to the Spassk Bay of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Onega" title="Lake Onega">Lake Onega</a>, thereby passing around the West Karelian uplands from the south and then, passing around these uplands from the east, it suddenly ascends directly to the north passing in particular, near the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Segozero" title="Lake Segozero">Segozer</a> and reaches Rugozer. From there, the border line turns northeast, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Lakhtinsky_Razliv" title="Lakhtinsky Razliv">Lakhta</a> and reaching <a href="/wiki/Kem,_Russia" title="Kem, Russia">Kem</a> on the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Archangelsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangelsk">Archangelsk</a>, the border reaches <a href="/wiki/Mezen_Bay" title="Mezen Bay">Mezen</a>, thus attaining the species' most northerly range. From the <a href="/wiki/Mezen_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezen River">Mezen River</a>'s mouth, the border abruptly returns south, approaching closer to the upper Mezen near 64° lat. From there, the polecat's northern border goes on to the upper <a href="/wiki/Vychegda_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vychegda River">Vychegda River</a>, and descends further on southwards and in the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a>. Its eastern range apparently extends along the Urals, embracing <a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk,_Ukraine" title="Sverdlovsk, Ukraine">Sverdlovsk</a> from the west. It is probably absent in the southern Urals, where the steppe polecat occurs. The southern border of the polecat's range starts in the west of the Danube's mouth and extends eastward along the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> reaching the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnepr</a>, from which it moves back from the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Sea">Azov Sea</a> and, along it, goes to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don</a>. From the mouth and lower course of the Don, its range passes into the steppe region of western and middle <a href="/wiki/Ciscaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciscaucasia">Ciscaucasia</a>. The European polecat is absent from the <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> steppes of <a href="/wiki/Transvolga" title="Transvolga">Transvolga</a>, instead being encountered only in the extreme lower <a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Irgiz" title="Bolshoy Irgiz">Bolshoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maly_Irgiz_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Maly Irgiz River">Maly Irgiz Rivers</a>. Further on, the border goes to the north along the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a>. It steeply returns east somewhat south at the <a href="/wiki/Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara, Russia">Samara</a> bend, passing around <a href="/wiki/Obshchy_Syrt" title="Obshchy Syrt">Obshchy Syrt</a>, reaching the Urals at the latitude of <a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk" title="Magnitogorsk">Magnitogorsk</a>. The range of the polecat within the former Soviet Union has expanded northwards. From 1930 to 1952 for example, the polecat colonised northwestern Karelia and southern Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-s1117_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1117-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the First World War, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> produced more than 50% of global polecat skins. The harvesting of polecats in Russia increased substantially after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, which coincided with Western Europe's decline in polecat numbers. The Russian population of polecats decreased somewhat after the Second World War, and their hunting was subsequently discouraged, as polecats were acknowledged to limit harmful rodent populations.<sup id="cite_ref-s1133_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1133-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diseases_and_parasites">Diseases and parasites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Diseases and parasites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European polecat may suffer from <a href="/wiki/Canine_distemper" title="Canine distemper">distemper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>. Occasionally, it is affected by malignant <a href="/wiki/Tumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumour">tumours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrocephaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrocephaly">hydrocephaly</a>. It commonly has broken teeth and, on rarer occasions, fatal <a href="/wiki/Abscess" title="Abscess">abscesses</a> on the jaw, head and neck. In mainland Europe, it is a carrier of <a href="/wiki/Trichinosis" title="Trichinosis">trichinosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leptospirosis" title="Leptospirosis">leptospirosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiaspiromycosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiaspiromycosis (page does not exist)">adiaspiromycosis</a>. Incidences of polecats carrying <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a> are high in some localized areas.<sup id="cite_ref-h484_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h484-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ectoparasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ectoparasite">Ectoparasites</a> known to infest polecats include <a href="/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">flea</a> species such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ctenocephalides_felis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenocephalides felis">Ctenocephalides felis</a></i>, <i>Archaeospylla erinacei</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nosopsyllus_fasciatus" title="Nosopsyllus fasciatus">Nosopsyllus fasciatus</a></i> and <i>Paraceras melis</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">tick</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ixodes_hexagonus" title="Ixodes hexagonus">Ixodes hexagonus</a></i> is the polecat's most common ectoparasite, which is sometimes found in large numbers on the neck and behind the ears. Another, less common species to infest polecats is <i>I. canisuga</i>. The biting <a href="/wiki/Louse" title="Louse">louse</a> <i>Trichodectes jacobi</i> is also known to infest polecats.<sup id="cite_ref-h484_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h484-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Endoparasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Endoparasite">Endoparasites</a> carried by polecats include the <a href="/wiki/Cestode" class="mw-redirect" title="Cestode">cestodes</a> <i>Taenia tenuicollis</i> and <i>T. martis</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematodes</a> <i>Molineus patens</i>, <i>Strongyloides papillosus</i>, <i>Capilliaria putorii</i>, <i>Filaroides martis</i> and <i>Skjrabingylus nasicola</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-h484_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h484-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationships_with_humans">Relationships with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Relationships with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting_and_fur_use">Hunting and fur use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Hunting and fur use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_%282%29.jpg/220px-Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_%282%29.jpg/330px-Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_%282%29.jpg/440px-Fitch_pelts_at_Copenhagen_Fur_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="1883" /></a><figcaption>Polecat skins (fitch) in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p>The polecat has earned for itself a most unenviable fame, having been long celebrated as one of the most noxious pests to which the farmyard is liable. Slightly smaller than the marten, and not quite so powerful, it is found to be a more deadly enemy to rabbits, game and poultry, than any other animal its size.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/John_George_Wood" title="John George Wood">John George Wood</a><sup id="cite_ref-wood_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>European polecat hunting was once a favourite sport of the <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> dalesmen and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a>, who hunted them at night in midwinter. However, the majority of polecat deaths caused by humans have been accidental, having mostly been caused by steel traps set for rabbits.<sup id="cite_ref-l114_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l114-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hunting polecats by moonlight was also a popular diversion among midland schoolboys.<sup id="cite_ref-maxwell_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maxwell-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the mid-19th century, polecats in Britain were hunted from early February to late April with mixed packs of <a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">hunting dogs</a> on the Welsh hills and Lakeland fells, though <a href="/wiki/Otterhound" title="Otterhound">otterhounds</a> were used on the fells, the <a href="/wiki/Border_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Border country">Border country</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-perry_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Tucker Edwardes, the creator of the <a href="/wiki/Sealyham_terrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealyham terrier">Sealyham terrier</a>, used captured wild male polecats to test the <a href="/wiki/Gameness" title="Gameness">gameness</a> of yearling terriers.<sup id="cite_ref-plummer_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plummer-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the former Soviet Union, polecats are hunted chiefly in late autumn and early winter with <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">guns</a> and hunting dogs, as well as <a href="/wiki/Foothold_traps" class="mw-redirect" title="Foothold traps">foothold traps</a> and wooden <a href="/wiki/Animal_trapping#Snares" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal trapping">snares</a>. However, even in season, hunters rarely catch more than 10–15 polecats. The species does not constitute an important element in former Soviet commercial hunting, and is usually only caught incidentally.<sup id="cite_ref-s1133_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1133-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European polecat is a valuable fur bearer, whose pelt (fitch) is more valuable than the steppe polecat's.<sup id="cite_ref-s1133_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1133-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its skin is used primarily in the production of <a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">jackets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">capes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coat_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (clothing)">coats</a>. It is particularly well suited for <a href="/wiki/Trim_(sewing)" title="Trim (sewing)">trimmings</a> for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's clothing">women's clothing</a>. The tail is sometimes used for the making of <a href="/wiki/Paintbrush" title="Paintbrush">paintbrushes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b348_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b348-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One disadvantage of polecat skin, however, is its unpleasant odour, which is difficult to remove.<sup id="cite_ref-b158_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b158-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European polecat was first commercially farmed for its fur in Great Britain during the 1920s, but was only elevated to economic importance in Finland in 1979. It never became popular in the United States and Canada, due to import laws regarding non-native species. It did gain economic importance in the USSR, though.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg/220px-Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg/330px-Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg/440px-Polecat_feeding_geograph.co.uk._2306329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3903" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption>Welsh polecat being fed at the British Wildlife Centre, Newchapel, Surrey</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tameability">Tameability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Tameability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">least weasel</a>, the European polecat is easy to breed in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-plummer_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plummer-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Aubyn_Trevor-Battye" title="Aubyn Trevor-Battye">Aubyn Trevor-Battye</a>, the European polecat is difficult to tame, but is superior to its domesticated form, the ferret, in bolting rats from their holes due to its greater agility. It is prone to attempting escape once finished bolting rats, but can be easily outrun.<sup id="cite_ref-l116_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l116-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polecat kits can be successfully raised and suckled by mother <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b158_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b158-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Owen's Welsh Dictionary</i>, the Gwythelians (early <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> settlers in northern Wales) kept polecats as pets.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts to tame the European polecat are generally hampered by the adult's nervous and unsociable disposition. First generation hybrids between polecats and ferrets, conceived to improve the latter's bloodlines, produce animals with personalities similar to their wild parent's.<sup id="cite_ref-l93_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l93-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_culture">In culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Britain, the polecat historically has had a negative reputation. References to the polecat in early <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> are often vilifying, usually being synonymous with <a href="/wiki/Prostitute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitute">prostitutes</a> and generally immoral people, as is the case in <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i>: "Out of my door, you witch, you hag, you baggage, you polecat, you runyon!" In some rural areas, the belief persists that the polecat chews off the ears of sleeping <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> and can paralyse or kill men by jumping on them from behind and biting their necks.<sup id="cite_ref-bidder_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidder-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in some regions, it was widely believed among farmers that allowing a polecat to nest in a chicken coop would ensure the animal would not kill the poultry out of gratitude, and instead kill vermin. Cases in which polecats did kill poultry were attributed to animals which were guests at other farms.<sup id="cite_ref-wood_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Wales, polecats were widely believed to migrate in large numbers every spring to the great <a href="/wiki/Peat_bog" class="mw-redirect" title="Peat bog">peat bog</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tregaron" title="Tregaron">Tregaron</a> to feed on the breeding frogs there. This was later proven to be incorrect, as the climate in Tregaron is too wet for the European polecat, and it does not hold large frog populations.<sup id="cite_ref-perry_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to other British carnivores, such as <a href="/wiki/European_otter" class="mw-redirect" title="European otter">otters</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">badgers</a>, the polecat has received little exposure in popular media. A study conducted on rural school children showed only 3.8% of the surveyed children could identify polecats in photographs, whereas 83.7% correctly identified otters.<sup id="cite_ref-bidder_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidder-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buffon_putois.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Buffon's illustration of a polecat in volume 4 of Natural history, general and particular"><img alt="Buffon's illustration of a polecat in volume 4 of Natural history, general and particular" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Buffon_putois.png/81px-Buffon_putois.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Buffon_putois.png/122px-Buffon_putois.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Buffon_putois.png/163px-Buffon_putois.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Louis_Leclerc_Buffon" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Louis Leclerc Buffon">Buffon</a>'s illustration of a polecat in volume 4 of <i>Natural history, general and particular</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigripes_%26_putorius.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Skulls of a black-footed ferret (1) and European polecat (2), as illustrated in Merriam's Synopsis of the Weasels of North America"><img alt="Skulls of a black-footed ferret (1) and European polecat (2), as illustrated in Merriam's Synopsis of the Weasels of North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nigripes_%26_putorius.png/64px-Nigripes_%26_putorius.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nigripes_%26_putorius.png/96px-Nigripes_%26_putorius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nigripes_%26_putorius.png/128px-Nigripes_%26_putorius.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="729" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skulls of a black-footed ferret (1) and European polecat (2), as illustrated in <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hart_Merriam" title="Clinton Hart Merriam">Merriam</a>'s <i>Synopsis of the Weasels of North America</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weasel,_stoat_%26_fitch.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Comparative illustration of a European polecat, least weasel and stoat, as illustrated in Carnegie's Practical Game-preserving"><img alt="Comparative illustration of a European polecat, least weasel and stoat, as illustrated in Carnegie's Practical Game-preserving" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Weasel%2C_stoat_%26_fitch.png/120px-Weasel%2C_stoat_%26_fitch.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Weasel%2C_stoat_%26_fitch.png/180px-Weasel%2C_stoat_%26_fitch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Weasel%2C_stoat_%26_fitch.png/240px-Weasel%2C_stoat_%26_fitch.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Comparative illustration of a European polecat, least weasel and stoat, as illustrated in Carnegie's <i>Practical Game-preserving</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Velvet_the_polecat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Welsh polecat profile"><img alt="Welsh polecat profile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Velvet_the_polecat.jpg/120px-Velvet_the_polecat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Velvet_the_polecat.jpg/180px-Velvet_the_polecat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Velvet_the_polecat.jpg/240px-Velvet_the_polecat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Welsh polecat profile</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polecat_in_the_light.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A light-coloured (amelanistic) morph"><img alt="A light-coloured (amelanistic) morph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Polecat_in_the_light.jpg/120px-Polecat_in_the_light.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Polecat_in_the_light.jpg/180px-Polecat_in_the_light.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Polecat_in_the_light.jpg/240px-Polecat_in_the_light.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A light-coloured (<a href="/wiki/Amelanism" title="Amelanism">amelanistic</a>) morph</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 20 April 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildaboutnz.co.nz/2010/12/ferrets/">Ferrets</a>", "Wild about New Zealand". Retrieved 20 April 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foulmart-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foulmart_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Duncan (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all-about-ferrets.com/support-files/foulmart.pdf">The foulmart: what’s in a name?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903182308/http://www.all-about-ferrets.com/support-files/foulmart.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-09-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Mammal Rev.</i>, Volume 32, No. 2, 145–149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l198-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-l198_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l198_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLovegrove2007">Lovegrove 2007</a>, p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_A.W.1924" class="citation book cs1">Moore, A.W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Situation+actuelle+de+la+Martre+%28Martes+martes%29%2C+la+Belette+%28Mustela+nivalis%29+et+du+Putois+%28Mustela+putorius%29+en+France%3A+Proposition+d%27une+m%C3%A9thode+de+suivi&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Service+du+Patrimoine+Naturel%2C+Mus%C3%A9um+National+d%27Histoire+Naturelle&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Soubelet%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnhn.fr%2Fspn%2Fdocs%2Frapports%2FSPN%25202011%2520-%25201%2520-%2520Note%2520de%2520synthese.%2520Situation%2520actuelle%2520de%2520la%2520Belette%2520la%2520Martre%2520et%2520du%2520Putois%2520en%2520France.%2520Proposition%2520dune%2520methode%2520de%2520suivi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s1117-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s1117_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii2002">Heptner & Sludskii 2002</a>, pp. 1117–1122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s1133-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s1133_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s1133_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s1133_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii2002">Heptner & Sludskii 2002</a>, pp. 1133–1134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h484-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h484_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h484_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h484_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarrisYalden2008">Harris & Yalden 2008</a>, p. 484</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Rev. J. G. (1870) <i>Wood's Animal Kingdom</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l114-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l114_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLydekker1896">Lydekker 1896</a>, pp. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perry-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perry_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry, Richard (1978) <i>Wildlife in Britain and Ireland</i>, Taylor & Francis, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85664-306-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85664-306-8">0-85664-306-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plummer-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plummer_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plummer_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer, David Brian & Knowleden, Martin (2000) <i>Tales of a Rat-Hunting Man</i>, Coch Y Bonddu Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9533648-7-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9533648-7-9">0-9533648-7-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b348-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b348_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrach1953">Bachrach 1953</a>, pp. 348–352</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roth, Harald H. ; Merz, Günter (1997) <i>Wildlife resources: a global account of economic use</i>, Springer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-61357-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-61357-9">3-540-61357-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l116-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l116_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLydekker1896">Lydekker 1896</a>, pp. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sullivan, Jeremiah (1857) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028028532/page/n26">Cumberland & Westmorland, ancient & modern: the people, dialect, superstitions and customs</a></i>, Whittaker and co.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachrach1953" class="citation book cs1">Bachrach, M. (1953). <i>Fur: A Practical Treatise</i> (Third ed.). New York: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/498697660">498697660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fur%3A+A+Practical+Treatise&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F498697660&rft.aulast=Bachrach&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatten1920" class="citation book cs1">Batten, H. M. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/habitscharacters00battrich"><i>Habits and characters of British wild animals</i></a>. London [etc.]: W. & R. Chambers, Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habits+and+characters+of+British+wild+animals&rft.place=London+%5Betc.%5D&rft.pub=W.+%26+R.+Chambers%2C+Limited&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Batten&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhabitscharacters00battrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrehm1895" class="citation book cs1">Brehm, A. E. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brehmslifeofanim00breh"><i>Brehm's Life of Animals</i></a>. Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brehm%27s+Life+of+Animals&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=A.+N.+Marquis+%26+Company&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Brehm&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrehmslifeofanim00breh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisYalden2008" class="citation book cs1">Harris, S. & Yalden, D. (2008). <i>Mammals of the British Isles</i> (Fourth Revised ed.). Mammal Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-906282-65-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-906282-65-6"><bdi>978-0-906282-65-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+British+Isles&rft.edition=Fourth+Revised&rft.pub=Mammal+Society&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-906282-65-6&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Yalden%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1903" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, H. H. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishmammalsat00john"><i>British mammals; an attempt to describe and illustrate the mammalian fauna of the British islands from the commencement of the Pleistocene period down to the present day</i></a>. London: Hutchinson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+mammals%3B+an+attempt+to+describe+and+illustrate+the+mammalian+fauna+of+the+British+islands+from+the+commencement+of+the+Pleistocene+period+down+to+the+present+day&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=H.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishmammalsat00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemmer1990" class="citation book cs1">Hemmer, H. (1990). <i>Domestication: the decline of environmental appreciation</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34178-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34178-7"><bdi>0-521-34178-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domestication%3A+the+decline+of+environmental+appreciation&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-34178-7&rft.aulast=Hemmer&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeptnerSludskii2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Heptner, V. G. & Sludskii, A. A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept/page/1106/mode/2up">"Forest, or Black, Polecat"</a>. <i>Mammals of the Soviet Union</i>. Vol. Volume II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae) . Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1107–1133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-08876-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-08876-8"><bdi>90-04-08876-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Forest%2C+or+Black%2C+Polecat&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=1107-1133&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries+and+National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=90-04-08876-8&rft.aulast=Heptner&rft.aufirst=V.+G.&rft.au=Sludskii%2C+A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalsofsov212001gept%2Fpage%2F1106%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtén1968" class="citation book cs1">Kurtén, B. (1968). <i>Pleistocene mammals of Europe</i>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pleistocene+mammals+of+Europe&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Kurt%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewington2000" class="citation book cs1">Lewington, J. (2000). <i>Ferret husbandry, medicine, and surgery</i>. Elsevier Health Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-4251-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-4251-3"><bdi>0-7506-4251-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferret+husbandry%2C+medicine%2C+and+surgery&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7506-4251-3&rft.aulast=Lewington&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovegrove2007" class="citation book cs1">Lovegrove, R. (2007). <i>Silent fields: the long decline of a nation's wildlife</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-852071-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-852071-9"><bdi>978-0-19-852071-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silent+fields%3A+the+long+decline+of+a+nation%27s+wildlife&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-852071-9&rft.aulast=Lovegrove&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydekker1896" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Lydekker, R.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924052094251/page/n149/mode/2up">"<i>Mustela putorius</i>"</a>. <i>The hand-book to the British Mammalia</i>. London: Edward Lloyd. pp. 111–116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mustela+putorius&rft.btitle=The+hand-book+to+the+British+Mammalia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=111-116&rft.pub=Edward+Lloyd&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Lydekker&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924052094251%2Fpage%2Fn149%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1912" class="citation book cs1">Miller, G. S. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924003031220"><i>Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe (Europe Exclusive of Russia) in the Collection of the British Museum</i></a>. London: Printed by order of the Trustees.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Mammals+of+Western+Europe+%28Europe+Exclusive+of+Russia%29+in+the+Collection+of+the+British+Museum&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Printed+by+order+of+the+Trustees&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924003031220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie1920" class="citation book cs1">Ritchie, J. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/influenceofmanon00ritciala"><i>The Influence of Man on Animal Life in Scotland; Study in Faunal Evolution</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Influence+of+Man+on+Animal+Life+in+Scotland%3B+Study+in+Faunal+Evolution&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finfluenceofmanon00ritciala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuropean+polecat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Mustela putorius">Mustela putorius</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evolutionaryecology.fr.gd/The-polecat-project.htm">The Polecat Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618010743/http://waarneming.nl/soort.php?id=381&wno_datum_van=&wno_datum_tm=&tab=info">Pictures, sightings and distribution maps of European polecats in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weasels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Weasels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mustela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustela">Mustela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European polecat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_weasel" title="Tonkin weasel">Tonkin weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_weasel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical weasel">Tropical weasel</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Sea_mink" title="Sea mink">Sea mink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polecat%E2%80%93mink_hybrid" title="Polecat–mink hybrid">Polecat–mink hybrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polecat%E2%80%93ferret_hybrid" title="Polecat–ferret hybrid">Polecat–ferret hybrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galanthis" title="Galanthis">Galanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_(mythology)" title="Gale (mythology)">Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_weasels" title="Cultural depictions of weasels">Cultural depictions of weasels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weasel_and_Aphrodite" title="The Weasel and Aphrodite">Weasel and Aphrodite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Weasels" title="Category:Weasels">Category:Weasels</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_weasels" title="Category:Fictional weasels">Category:Fictional weasels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Carnivora_species" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora" title="Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora" title="Template talk:Carnivora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Carnivora_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&quot;cat-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Mustela putorius</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26582" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q26582">Q26582</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mustela_putorius" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Mustela putorius">Mustela putorius</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_putorius/">Mustela_putorius</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/european-polecat/mustela-putorius/">mustela-putorius</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1770">1770</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=210833">210833</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/44QYC">44QYC</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/311518">311518</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MUSTPU">MUSTPU</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:305328">305328</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/80f21f9b-5315-4060-af06-a8b4bcca30c7">80f21f9b-5315-4060-af06-a8b4bcca30c7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5218911">5218911</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41812">41812</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10457323">10457323</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621954">621954</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/41658">41658</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005876">1005876</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14001460">14001460</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101714/">2.101714</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000005129">NBNSYS0000005129</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9668">9668</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/381/">381</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=923126">923126</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104168">104168</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=71105">71105</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=11130">11130</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1461486">1461486</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/FCAF5464-9AF7-4752-8481-4B1A857EDD7F">FCAF5464-9AF7-4752-8481-4B1A857EDD7F</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26582#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4263215-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="European polecat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85045850">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Putois"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12114829q">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Putois"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12114829q">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560306205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&oldid=1252010507">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_polecat&oldid=1252010507</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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