The unnerving capabilities of state-of-the-art chatbots and how to use them

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data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQECozGZifXAjw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1676537010707?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=L9uYUIs7IYhAZitmLOqy60K-STDIlKTU1JyQoY5OEno" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Christian Hendriksen"> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Christian Hendriksen </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Assistant Professor at Copenhagen Business School </h4>  <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata"> Published Feb 9, 2024 </div>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__ctas z-[3] self-center ml-3 babybear:ml-1 babybear:self-start"> <a class="base-main-card__cta btn-sm btn-secondary" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-will-navigate> + Follow </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <div data-test-id="article-content-blocks">  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>You may have heard </span><span class><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Arthur C. Clarke </a></span><span class>'s famous quote, "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." In many ways, this quote captures the current development of generative AI as seen not only by us end users but also by </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv%2Eorg%2Fabs%2F2303%2E12712&urlhash=nRU5&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>experts in the field of deep learning </a></span><span class>. When we start a new chat with the current state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs), like GPT-4 or the recently-released Gemeni Ultra, we are basically interacting with technology that can do things so unreasonably well that it might just be magic. Sure, the models have obvious limitations and flaws: they can hardly count their own words or reliably do math. Their writing skills are good, but not better than professional authors. They have inherent biases. And of course, they hallucinate from time to time, making them somewhat unreliable. Yet, despite all this, the core function of these models is absolutely astounding. Having a general purpose technology that, purely through language, can emulate reasoning and apply knowledge on any arbitrary problem is, indeed, indistinguishable from magic. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>However, in my view, all of us who are going to be using these Chatbots (</span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etheinformation%2Ecom%2Farticles%2Fopenai-shifts-ai-battleground-to-software-that-operates-devices-automates-tasks&urlhash=B8xp&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>and eventually AI agents </a></span><span class>) for our everyday work have a problem. There's no good template for how to work with these tools, no manual for using these tools exist, and we do not have accurate mental reference points for how to categorize the technology. This and more is something that people like </span><span class> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattbeane?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-mention" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-mention" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link> Matt Beane </a>  </span><span class> and </span><span class> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/emollick?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-mention" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-mention" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link> Ethan Mollick </a>  </span><span class> have covered extensively. So how do we actually use these AI tools?</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>I want to find a way to make these tools useful in the most demanding cognitive professional roles possible. The benchmarks for evaluating LLMs do not capture this at all - </span><span class><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVade_8H8mE&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>for example, the most widely used benchmarks are basically obscure trivia questions </a></span><span class>. And the examples that Google, OpenAI and others provide are simple, consumer-focused examples or less complex tasks like writing a piece of code. In fact, since GPT-4 released in March 2023, I have seen surprisingly little complex, real-life engagement - outside of programmers and machine learning engineers writing code - with either GPT-4 nor any other capable AI model. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>What I am looking for is a way to understand how to make the models make </span><span class="italic">us </span><span class>better in </span><span class="italic">any</span><span class> work role, rather than only automating the boring parts. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>But first, we have to grapple with a problem. Most readers of this article will have tried ChatGPT-3.5, but not any more advanced models like GPT-4 or Gemini Ultra. Part of my mission here is to make you aware that if you are basing your AI expectations on what the free version of ChatGPT can do, then it's time to update your beliefs.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>In this article, I will do three things. First, I will show that our base expectations about AI are mostly based on ChatGPT-3.5 (i.e. "free" ChatGPT), which poses a problem for experimenting further. Second, I will discuss my own heuristic for how to use state-of-the-art AI models professionally. Third, go through a detailed workflow of my own to illustrate how to interact with a state-of-the-art model in a deeper and more complex way, treating it as a true assistant.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>The ChatGPT Conondrum</span></h3> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>When ChatGPT came out in late 2022, it seemed like magic at the time. It was using the new GPT-3.5 model that OpenAI had released the same month, and it shocked most people with its level of writing. Arguably, the reason that this was a watershed moment was not because there was a significant capability jump between GPT-3 and GPT-3.5 - it was because anyone who bothered to sign up could try out ChatGPT for free. Because of this massive success - and because most of us have tried the free version of ChatGPT at least once - our mental benchmark for what AI can do is rooted in this experience.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>This means that the vast majority of people think of AI capabilities with reference to ChatGPT-3.5, simply because we all tried it. And while 3.5 was impressive in terms of its capability in generating language, it did not exhibit any sign of actual intelligence nor advanced reasoning. In practice, this means that anyone who have tried ChatGPT-3.5 but not any other model has their expectations set based on the performance of GPT-3.5</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>This is a problem. For organizations or teams that want to experiment with how to use AI productively, we now have to overcome this initial expectation to make people think about more advanced uses. The reason is that people with an expectation rooted in 3.5 mostly thinks about how to </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etandfonline%2Ecom%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10%2E1080%2F23735082%2E2023%2E2261106%3Fcasa_token%3DeMQMJB5d9IsAAAAA%253Ayd-Y4unpUaI10vdBZawAq8K6pctYdpK5mLyu84QiwrWLV2w_9FyLiBRyEroGNstsJa36IsJO1NZ2bQ&urlhash=xVY4&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>offload </a></span><span class> tasks to the AI but not use it for cognitive work. Thus, if we are mainly thinking about having the AI write emails for us, we are not getting close the possible potential of state-of-the-art models or possible future models.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>It's hard to give very clear examples of the performance difference between 3.5 and 4 (and Gemini Ultra), mainly because most actual use case demonstrations are very subjective (because they are more realistic). In one instance just last week, I showed students GPT-3.5 vs GPT-4 on a reasonably complex workshop task in one of my diploma classes. Students were asked to give recommendations to a hypothetical retail firm based on fictional interview quotes, and in the second part of the class explain how new information led them to update their beliefs. A core part of the exercise consisted of seeing that new information shifted the relative value of other interviewees. Remarkably, GPT-4 could very clearly see the motivations behind the fictional interviewee who was not to be trusted, while GPT-3.5 seemed to not pick up on this. These kind of examples become common, but they always require in-depth realistic engagement with the model.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQHBvs2PXszSzQ/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/0/1707404291277?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=KAAJWckaEdoe8U7l7f4L64sDpaAfv50TLSVOK0eLRJg"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>GPT-3.5 when giving its answer on the testimony by a fictional interviewee in a workshop case. </span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQH0Kl3zRb626g/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707404316250?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=RTL3ONIvJOha5T5xrVl0zLd6rQSNIEi6KaKgHho-RtE"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>GPT-4 when prompted identically to GPT-3.5 above. </span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The takeaway is this: Free yourself from ChatGPT-3.5 as the benchmark for your AI expectations. Try Microsoft Copilot, or Gemini Advanced, or ChatGPT Plus and play around with state-of-the-art models to get a sense of what they can and cannot do. They are really a different class of models compared to GPT-3.5</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h3><span class>Three ways of interacting with the AI</span></h3> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>I have read and enjoyed the work by </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etandfonline%2Ecom%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10%2E1080%2F23735082%2E2023%2E2261106%3Fcasa_token%3DeMQMJB5d9IsAAAAA%253Ayd-Y4unpUaI10vdBZawAq8K6pctYdpK5mLyu84QiwrWLV2w_9FyLiBRyEroGNstsJa36IsJO1NZ2bQ&urlhash=xVY4&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Lodge and colleagues </a></span><span class> who have categorized students' use of generative AI tools. But their approach is focused on higher education, not general-purpose professional use. So informally, I have begun operating with a few key categories of use that are inspired by Lodge et al., but in practice are different. These categories are heuristic devices for thinking about how to use AI.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Offloading tasks to the AI</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>When you offload work to an AI, you basically automate part of your work. You could write that long, formal e-mail yourself, but ChatGPT does it better and faster. You could make a one-page summary of your research project for an external stakeholder, but Copilot does it faster. You could read a lengthy report, but any AI of your choice can give you a one-page executive summary with a focus of your choice.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEgGuN5q5BMKA/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707407642331?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=bZ2cJxORf8sKDUTc1ibtBM5oRnCrW3lWyp-WVLC97Lo"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>A fairly standard example of offloading a task to GPT-4. The reason that GPT-4 "knows" who I am and what I do is because of my custom instructions.</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Most of us think about offloading when we are thinking about AI tools: The ability to automate boring or repetitive tasks, or tasks that give us no joy and take time away from more important or more fun tasks. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>For many offloading tasks, good old ChatGPT-3.5 will do fine. It's not going to make your e-mail game stellar, but it will do fine. It can summarize a decent amount of text. It can also write the song for the Christmas Party. Of course, more capable models with more tools to use will be able to do more. I can give GPT-4 a spreadsheet with a ton of data and quickly run through some simple analyses rather than doing it myself. Or I can have Gemini Ultra search the web for some specific news items to update me on a topic. But fundamentally, this category of use is about automating tasks we prefer not to do ourselves.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Getting advice from the AI</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>In many situations, a key advantage of the best AI models is that they are better experts than you on most topics you are not explicitly trained in. Thus, asking the AI for advice - not about </span><span class="italic">facts</span><span class>, but about </span><span class="italic">concepts </span><span class>as applied to a real problem - can actually be extremely beneficial.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>For example, I ran a demonstration of GPT-4 in a smaller company in the fall of 2023. I tested out how GPT-4 would advise the company to handle suppliers that would be unable to report CO2 emissions, which can be a challenge for smaller companies without the necessary capabilities. GPT-4 gave a pretty good plan, in line with what I would say myself. But when I presented, I learned that the company had had the exact problem that I had asked GPT-4 about, and they had done more or less what GPT-4 had said - but it had taken them </span><span class="italic">months </span><span class>to figure it out because they did not have in-house expertise. GPT-4 had given me the answer in a couple of minutes.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEeXpCnLexCtw/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/0/1707478285814?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=HL0RMP5K2GmdjtDBbgsA9nmzL9VELXGaC6egmrMYk2E"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>Simple example that corresponds to a problem that many firms have.</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQFOjtC-CP8OEA/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707478291105?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=ljJ4N3J1VWxbt5Su9KyPKPMrCcQ1bW2J72AW4DttTnk"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>GPT-4 giving its answer. Pretty decent answer, but not groundbreaking. </span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQE0WSUn39jueQ/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232/0/1707407101201?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=G2ihMwxv8P8EEMWlJ38_zcGI0067BOgXyMmzpR42K8w"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>Exerpt from Gemini Ultra's answer to the same prompt. </span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>To me, this is an instructive example of how these models can provide value as advisors without producing anything directly. The value here is the additional perspective or advice that we humans can take as input if we want, not the actual content itself. And we if we primed to think of AI chatbots as primarily useful for producing texts for offloading, it is harder to think about how AI acting as advisors can be useful in different situations.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Note that AI advisory avoids the problem of hallucinations that is a key limitation of language models. Advisory is not about recalling precise facts or looking up information in a large table; it is about asking the AI to draw on its </span><span class="italic">conceptual </span><span class>knowledge to apply it to a specific situation. This makes the LLM strong rather than weak in this capacity. They key is not to rely on the LLM for precise facts.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="font-[700]">Working with the AI as an assistant</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Other people, </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eoneusefulthing%2Eorg%2Fp%2Fon-boarding-your-ai-intern&urlhash=Mu3-&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>like Ethan Mollick </a></span><span class>, have already shown that state-of-the-art AI systems act much like interns or assistants. But what does this mode of interaction look like? For me, working with an AI in assistant mode is a matter of constantly iterating on the AI output, using it in different capacaties for different types of sub-tasks, and weaving together part human and part AI to produce some output. This is what </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers%2Essrn%2Ecom%2Fsol3%2Fpapers%2Ecfm%3Fabstract_id%3D4573321&urlhash=TgH5&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Dell'Acqua and colleages </a></span><span class> refer to as either "cyborg" or "centaur" modes of working. Centaurs tend to divide up the work between AI and human, while cyborgs tend to integrate human-AI collaboration throughout their workflow. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>While the distinction is probably highly task dependent (even if Dell'Acqua and colleagues found their participants differed on identical tasks), the better question for me is how this mode of interaction looks in practice. Using AI as an assistant is about integrating human-AI expertise where it makes sense, and delegate tasks to either human or AI when that, in turn, is a better solution. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>In my mind, there are two key parts of using AI as assistants in a productive way. First, it is important to iterate rapidly on both human and AI side, at least for some parts of the workflow. Second, the human should start by having at least a cursory idea of what the </span><span class="italic">AI strategy </span><span class>should be, meaning 'how should I roughly be thinking about what I can do with AI in this workflow?'. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>I'll illustrate here with a simple example that is fairly complex but also quite illustrative of some of the complex work I do on a daily basis as a research. The task at hand is simple: Develop a 1000-word extended abstract that introduces a novel theory of individual AI usage. Let's use good-old trusty ChatGPT-4 for this task.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 data-test-id="pulse-publishing-h1"> <span class>Illustrative AI workflow: Developing a new theory and an extended abstract using GenAI</span> </h2> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Let's start with the basics: What should our AI strategy be? In this case, we are using GPT-4 with its suite of tools, so we know it can do the following reasonably well:</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class>Long context length of at least 32k tokens / 25k words, possibly 128k (OpenAI does not disclose this)</span></li> <li><span class>Integrated search, code interpreter / data manipulation, image generation</span></li> <li><span class>Access to custom GPTs through the GPT store</span></li> <li><span class>Generally high-quality reasoning on abstract topics</span></li> <li><span class>Decent writing, but not better than professional writers</span></li> <li><span class>Ability to read most files</span></li> </ul> </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>In addition, we should be aware of the standard limitions: it can hallucinate, it is biased in some ways, and it requires context to provide output that is relevant to our situation. With that, let's formulate a simple strategy:</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">I will use the AI as an assistant to brainstorm and co-develop the core tenets of the theoretical framework by discussing directly with the AI. The AI will help checking for relevant references and sharpen the argument and structure. The human will do the final writing maintain control over decisions about theorizing. As we move towards finalizing, the human will do more of the work to ensure the final output aligns with expectations.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>This is not rocket science, but it is a nice way to think about how to use the AI. Let's begin! You can view the chat in its entirety by </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fchat%2Eopenai%2Ecom%2Fshare%2Fe%2Fac3b5a77-e3d5-4236-aac7-ce56cde2f515&urlhash=vgog&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>following this link </a></span><span class>.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQFVRFvHh3e35Q/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/0/1707481018079?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=A8Wyh5Bt1S5yRon0ce-jSfpOleBwYJBxnM3LaoskmsM"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>https://chat.openai.com/share/e/ac3b5a77-e3d5-4236-aac7-ce56cde2f515</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>So we have given GPT-4 an interesting challenge. Let's see how it starts out.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQFZetgFAJY2UA/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481095840?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=_voXPJJmS7G2nVNvPFCfYsrHRJBDa1TFwXJLyhF_8Oo">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>We are off to a good start. While I like the tactical vs strategic dimensions, the autonomous vs collaborative dimension does not seem super interesting if we are trying to theorize something like ChatGPT usage (because it is not autonomous, yet).</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQFKFI7wK306iw/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481101396?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=M6u4iNXKMYLIu6fnXdcVe1y8g9MIrqX6goJDrzroNFA">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>We can ignore some of these recommendations as we are going to go with other axes, but from the human side, I think it is already highlighting some theories that are relevant, if not new or radical.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQHPHCWZuO3DZA/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481105475?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=iZ3Z23CA6AS5k2Aae3n90_febhRdfhUABZeXDgM-X1A">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Yes, real world examples are nice. Sure, then we can write the extended abstract. This is not a complex process but it is nice that GPT-4 spells out how to deconstruct the workflow. The challenges at the bottom are good, even if they are not new to experienced scholars.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQE807nyHJm8DQ/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481108471?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=9ESeklM9XKpwHLyrohDkb-tcvSj12fGwpP45MEQSY10">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The follow-up questions arise because I have asked GPT-4 to ask me follow-up questions when it thinks it is appropriate. And it is indeed appropriate here! </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Getting this initial answer from GPT-4 has served two purposes: First, it has given me some ideas for what could be interesting pathways. It is easier to think about what we want or don't want when we see the first draft, so GPT-4 has leapfrogged the human equivalent which would be making an early draft of a theoretical sketch. Second, it has given us a basis on which to continue iterating with GPT-4 since we can just inject our ideas into the process. As noted earlier, I think that the axes should be different. Let's play to the AI's strength and let it identify the implications.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEjpFrZBBdAKA/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/0/1707481663744?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=nbSzmtsL6aP9VW6882wgiAhEZyAGHsM0FG-HBY-XM4I">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Let's see how GPT-4 reacts.</span> </p> </div> <div class="inline-articles bg-color-surface-new border-hidden rounded-sm p-1 mx-auto my-1.5 mamabear:w-2/3 inline-articles__after"> <h2 class="text-xl font-medium ml-1.5 my-1 text-color-text mamabear:text-center">Recommended by LinkedIn</h2> <div class="flex flex-wrap mx-0.5 babybear:mx-1.5"> <div class="content-author-card flex flex-col max-w-[270px] h-auto rounded-md border-1 border-system-gray-30 border-solid pb-1.5 inline-article mx-auto my-1 border-hidden papabear:w-[219px] babybear:min-w-full mamabear:min-w-full h-auto bg-color-canvas-tint"> <a class="no-underline" data-tracking-control-name="inline-recommended-articles" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/generative-ai-explained-its-impact-future-bertalan-mesk%C3%B3-md-phd"> <img class="content-image w-full h-[150px] bg-cover rounded-t-md object-cover" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQGCh9KoDGmIRQ/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1691592335557?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=wHxBqD_0w1Sog_Fbs7Itdodusik8T8Kglo88GJfQ8G4"> <div class="inline-article-title text-md text-color-text font-bold pl-2 pt-1 pr-1.5">Generative AI Explained - Its Impact And Future In…</div> <div class="inline-article-meta px-2 mt-1 font-sans text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis h-full"> <span class="inline-article-author pt-0.5"> Bertalan Meskó, MD, PhD </span> <span class="before:middot pt-0.5 inline-article-published-date"> 1 year ago </span> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="content-author-card flex flex-col max-w-[270px] h-auto rounded-md border-1 border-system-gray-30 border-solid pb-1.5 inline-article mx-auto my-1 border-hidden papabear:w-[219px] babybear:min-w-full mamabear:min-w-full h-auto bg-color-canvas-tint"> <a class="no-underline" data-tracking-control-name="inline-recommended-articles" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/almost-timely-news-improving-performance-generative-ai-penn-1huie"> <img class="content-image w-full h-[150px] bg-cover rounded-t-md object-cover" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQH5v8_dNMNVmg/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1702843335495?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=luolrjX4_EKaAaIzeeNwn4rRd2c33y-7QZRD_D-YCWY"> <div class="inline-article-title text-md text-color-text font-bold pl-2 pt-1 pr-1.5">Almost Timely News: Improving the Performance of…</div> <div class="inline-article-meta px-2 mt-1 font-sans text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis h-full"> <span class="inline-article-author pt-0.5"> Christopher Penn </span> <span class="before:middot pt-0.5 inline-article-published-date"> 11 months ago </span> </div> </a>  </div> <div class="content-author-card flex flex-col max-w-[270px] h-auto rounded-md border-1 border-system-gray-30 border-solid pb-1.5 inline-article mx-auto my-1 border-hidden papabear:w-[219px] babybear:min-w-full mamabear:min-w-full h-auto bg-color-canvas-tint"> <a class="no-underline" data-tracking-control-name="inline-recommended-articles" data-tracking-will-navigate href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-gptzero-relied-upon-ai-detection-accuracy-anna-yuliani-hd6kf"> <img class="content-image w-full h-[150px] bg-cover rounded-t-md object-cover" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEU7OoN6GIpyA/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1715758304981?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=EqVlArIevFGzvrRO8bX36c0naOxvsV57Xz4liW-IPkg"> <div class="inline-article-title text-md text-color-text font-bold pl-2 pt-1 pr-1.5">Can GPTZero be relied upon for AI Detection accuracy?</div> <div class="inline-article-meta px-2 mt-1 font-sans text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis h-full"> <span class="inline-article-author pt-0.5"> Anna Y. </span> <span class="before:middot pt-0.5 inline-article-published-date"> 6 months ago </span> </div> </a>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEfoLrTCzcYPA/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481800886?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=fcfRwg3Loz9c5U7AQVTj6h4xcCzGraRiq1S65Z4Xs1M">  </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQG8UQQFwxMB1w/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481806025?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=cx3E6xXpX1EANvlDwT3o7kp53aJyDQcL6cUN8WyYYeg">  </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEFAb0C1YQLJQ/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707481809282?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=2WZKgloyuyn-i68_YcMLKww0Tc0iu_qBdQYSwIxG-oA">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>This is not bad. It is not a Nobel prize, but nevertheless useful as a theoretical heuristic. As the human in the loop, this is where I would say "Yup, this direction works." and then continue iterating on the basis of these ideas.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>At this point, I call up the Consensus GPT inside the conversation. This GPT is hooked into a few hundred million academic texts, so I strike up a conversation with this specialized GPT to get my bearing on relevant theories and papers.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQF3GNY4rxh5DQ/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/0/1707482119240?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=sactUE2nntJzvnjsh__n7c-te_jVXbIvtlgPX1et9BA"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>In ChatGPT-4, you can write "@" and then call up GPTs that you have used recently or saved in your sidebar.</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEc1UuhPIntjQ/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707482180591?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=UbAcjjv0RMgFjgVZ5qZnIwm4TNS6kNRrO93KU6fk9Vg">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Here, I am moving into a kind of search pattern with the AI trying to establish whether it is a good path forward and if so, how I can relate my theorizing to existing papers. Consensus whips up </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etandfonline%2Ecom%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10%2E1080%2F13561820500082529&urlhash=BXWi&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>D'amour et al </a></span><span class>, which I hadn't seen before. For demonstration purposes, I'll go ahead and say that this perspective is relevant. Note that the human role here is managerial in nature where I make decisions based on information provided by the AI, but not allowing the AI to make decisions by itself. Of course, the AI is, in a sense, constraining my perspective by offering me a certain selection of the world - and it is crucial to note that navigating this </span><span class="italic">still </span><span class>requires human expertise. If I was an inexperienced researcher, I would not know whether this or that theory would be more interesting. But humans carrying expertise can quickly identify whether the AI is serving up suggestions that are good, and based on that decide whether to swing the AI in a different direction. I could, for instance, have told GPT-4 that the range of theories it suggests are rubbish and go in a specific direction, but that necessitates that the human in charge has expert knowledge that they can mobilize.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Next, I ask GPT-4 to relate it to our dimensions.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQHyTdiZvNJrTw/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707482566898?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=vvvTeTauhsZ049G74gnGL9FiINmlDa005ZwGJvIikIA">  </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQF4gp0bYZWfog/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707482582604?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=ewx2j4C50BHrQVOC_5nS0vTjGVaO85n8_AwxRU0J4yg">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Okay, so far so good. As the human in charge, I make sure to open the D'amour et al. paper and give it a read to double-check the AI's interpretation (which in this case seems correct). By this point, we probably have a working early theory that can develop further.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Now comes a tricky part of the writing. I have been going back-and-forth with GPT-4 do have it give me ideas that I can evaluate and use as the basis for further iteration. With writing, it becomes a little different. I know that GPT-4 is good enough at standard writing, but for an actual academic article, it is not entirely up to snuff. Let's start out by drafting a structure. I call up another GPT for this purpose. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEkmbJJIMVHBQ/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707483071429?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=1IoDglE3SNRstdJjVg_Ek2XEyCTFavGXk3xjhAh96IU">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Write For Me is one of the many GPTs that are specialized in writing in a precise way. Since GPT-4 by default is not super precise in following writing instructions, it is often necessary to call up a specialized GPT. </span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEEI8vzn7hwSQ/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707483149601?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=eFPaej8V6GnMzsZ4oJVY97wE1vjzTXEoC2lZMT6k96I">  </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQEhBad8K02Zsw/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707483152590?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=IssT7N56WlC_LzCJPQ53m7cvmLyiv5CzmYH_lNPHyFU">  </figure> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQG72KSgkR3V4w/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/article-inline_image-shrink_400_744/0/1707483156044?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=72LDyJEC6nIGi-xelixt448L6ExnlBI0HGP_DEDtuzk">  </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>This is a fairly solid structure for writing the actual extended abstract. Depending on your writing style, you will then either take this structure and make it your own before writing it out, take it as inspiration before freestyling your way through, or you can have the AI develop an early draft. It is usually a good idea to do this section by section. I have inserted the final draft of the AI version </span><span class="italic">before </span><span class>I have done any more work.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>From here, the utility of the AI limited. You can see that it is missing some things, like a good and thorough explanation of the axes, and it has made the dreaded bullet point explanation of D'amour instead of explaining in simple terms how their concepts matter. It is easier for a human to go through the draft and revise (or rewrite entirely). Any experienced researcher can see that this is not a done draft, but it is a pretty good starting point.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>That AI can get me so far on a task that is pretty specialized and has to follow an exact format (whether it is articles for journals or abstracts for conferences) is remarkable. This back-and-forth with the AI where it acts an assistant makes many things much faster even if the human is still in control. This example is useful because it is something I do quite often (and thus, at least claim some expertise in) so I can clearly highlight when and how I draw on the AI to do some things and not others. And I know, because of my expertise, when I should overrule the AI and set a new direction or take the product and make it my own from there. This is, to me, a better way to use LLM assistant tools than only thinking about them as automation tools. But it requires experimentation for the individual to get a sense of how this can work in your own workflows.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>I should say that this example does not mean it is necessarily a good idea to have AI write research articles. But if they become indistinguishable from human-made research articles, what then? If I publish a theoretical article based on empirics where I co-developed the theoretical part with an AI, but the writing is my own, is it then a problem? And if not, who would have known? I find it fascinating that we are surprisingly close to having off-the-shelf AI systems capable of mimicking at least </span><span class="italic">some </span><span class>abstract theorizing that we as researchers thought would be one of the last bastions to fall to automated systems. Yet, here we are.</span> </p> </div>  <hr data-test-id="publishing-divider-block" class="my-[3.2rem] mx-auto h-[1px] border-0 bg-black-a16">  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Extended Abstract: Pure AI developed version</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Introduction</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">The rapid advancement and integration of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the workplace necessitates a deeper understanding of how individuals utilize these technologies in various work settings. This exploration is crucial for harnessing AI's full potential to enhance productivity, innovation, and collaboration. However, the diverse ways in which generative AI is employed across different tasks and organizational contexts remain underexplored. To address this gap, we propose a novel theory presented as a 2x2 typology that categorizes the use of generative AI at the individual level. This typology is designed to aid managers and practitioners in navigating the complexities of AI integration, ensuring its alignment with strategic goals and collaborative processes. By grounding our theory in the principles of social interdependence and collaboration, we aim to offer a comprehensive framework that not only elucidates the multifaceted applications of generative AI but also fosters a deeper understanding of its implications for work dynamics and organizational outcomes.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Theoretical Background</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Ultra-brief Overview of Social Interdependence Theory and Collaboration</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Social Interdependence Theory posits that the interactions among group members significantly influence outcomes, shaping the dynamics between cooperative and competitive endeavors. At its core, the theory suggests that the structure of interdependencies among team members determines the direction, magnitude, and quality of interpersonal relations, ultimately affecting performance and satisfaction levels. This theoretical lens provides a foundational perspective for examining the collaborative use of generative AI, highlighting the importance of understanding the interplay between technology and social dynamics in work settings.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Five Elements of Collaboration based on D'Amour et al.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">The framework proposed by D'Amour et al. (2005) identifies five critical elements of collaboration: sharing, partnership, power, interdependency, and process. These elements serve as the building blocks for effective collaboration, each contributing uniquely to the collaborative endeavor:</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> <ul> <li><span class="italic font-[700]">Sharing</span><span class="italic"> encompasses the mutual exchange of resources, knowledge, and responsibilities among team members, facilitated by generative AI through enhanced communication and information dissemination.</span></li> <li><span class="italic font-[700]">Partnership</span><span class="italic"> refers to the cooperative relationships developed among individuals and teams, where generative AI can support by enabling more equitable participation and contribution.</span></li> <li><span class="italic font-[700]">Power</span><span class="italic"> highlights the distribution of decision-making authority and autonomy within collaborative contexts, with generative AI offering tools for more informed and democratized decision processes.</span></li> <li><span class="italic font-[700]">Interdependency</span><span class="italic"> underscores the reliance among team members on each other's tasks and outputs, a dynamic that generative AI can optimize through streamlined coordination and integration of efforts.</span></li> <li><span class="italic font-[700]">Process</span><span class="italic"> involves the methods and procedures that govern collaboration, where generative AI can introduce efficiencies and innovations in how work is conducted and coordinated.</span></li> </ul> </span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Together, these elements provide a multifaceted understanding of collaboration that is essential for integrating generative AI into work practices in a way that enhances, rather than disrupts, team dynamics and organizational objectives.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Explanation of the Theory and the 2x2 Typology</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">The novel theory is encapsulated in a 2x2 typology that categorizes the use of generative AI based on the dual dimensions of Purpose of Use (Tactical vs. Strategic) and Degree of Coordination with Other Humans (Low vs. High). This typology aids in understanding the nuanced ways individuals leverage generative AI in their work, offering insights into the design and implementation of AI tools to enhance workplace collaboration and productivity.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="flex flex-col mt-2" data-test-id="publishing-image-block" rel="ugc"> <figure> <img class="lazy-load block w-full" data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D12AQHhC9224nz2nw/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488/0/1707483781121?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Y336Pj-Gx3_6Bqv20TZhm5yZxgT_I9CPhTiKIBYR4vU"> <figcaption class="mt-[0.8rem] text-center text-sm font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis" data-test-id="publishing-image-block-caption"> <span class>The table generated by the AI does not translate well into the LinkedIn article format.</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Tactical-Low Coordination</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">This quadrant represents roles like Data Analysts who utilize generative AI for automating routine data processing tasks, thereby enhancing their personal productivity with minimal need for coordination with others.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Tactical-High Coordination</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">In roles such as Project Managers, generative AI facilitates high levels of team communication and coordination, streamlining project workflows and enhancing the efficiency of collaborative tasks.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Strategic-Low Coordination</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Strategy Consultants use generative AI to inform high-level decision-making processes. Here, AI tools provide deep insights into market trends and opportunities, supporting strategic planning with limited direct collaboration.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Strategic-High Coordination</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Product Development Teams operating in this quadrant leverage generative AI to foster innovation and strategic planning in highly collaborative settings. AI tools are used to generate new ideas, enhance product design, and formulate market strategies collaboratively.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Discussion</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Implications for Management Practice</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">The 2x2 typology offers valuable insights for managers and organizational leaders on effectively integrating generative AI into work processes. It underscores the importance of aligning AI tools with both the strategic orientation of tasks and the required degree of human coordination. For instance, understanding that a Project Manager operates in the Tactical-High Coordination quadrant can guide the selection of AI tools that enhance team collaboration and communication, as opposed to tools that solely focus on individual productivity.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Future Research Directions</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">Future research directions should focus on several key areas to build upon the foundation established by the 2x2 typology of generative AI use in work settings. Firstly, empirical testing is crucial to validate the typology's applicability and effectiveness across various industries and organizational contexts, ensuring its broad relevance and utility. Additionally, there is a significant opportunity to explore the design of AI tools specifically tailored to support the distinct needs identified within each quadrant of the typology, particularly in terms of balancing tactical versus strategic purposes and accommodating different degrees of human coordination. Investigating the impact of generative AI on team dynamics, communication patterns, and organizational culture within these quadrants can also provide valuable insights. Such research could offer a deeper understanding of how AI integration influences work environments and contributes to organizational goals, potentially guiding more effective strategies for leveraging AI in collaborative and strategic endeavors.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic font-[700]">Conclusion</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">The proposed 2x2 typology offers a novel framework for categorizing the use of generative AI in work settings, bridging the gap between technological capabilities and human collaboration needs. By aligning AI tool design and implementation with the strategic and coordination requirements of different roles, organizations can maximize the benefits of generative AI, fostering enhanced productivity, innovation, and collaboration.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class="italic">This extended abstract lays the groundwork for a comprehensive exploration of generative AI's role in the modern workplace, inviting further research and discussion on optimizing AI integration for collaborative and strategic success.</span> </p> </div>  <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class> </span> </p> </div>  </div>   </article>  <code id="ugcPostUrl" style="display: none"></code> <code id="ugcPost" style="display: none"></code> <code id="disableLinkedinShareRedirectLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="ugcPostUrn" style="display: none"></code> <code id="signInUrl" 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leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://ca.linkedin.com/in/brenkinfa?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQFKkgxCHijlCg/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1732322442529?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=aS6u03q8ZeXvqPXXKWpc8j9KqLU5oAY81HOidlmIxxg" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Bren Kinfa 💎"> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://ca.linkedin.com/in/brenkinfa?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Bren Kinfa 💎 </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline">Founder of SaaSAITools.com | #1 Product of the Day 🥇 | Helping 15,000+ Founders Discover the Best AI & SaaS Tools for Free | Curated Tools & Resources for Creators & Founders 🚀</p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 9mo </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 !mr-0.5 babybear:!-top-0.5" data-test-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button 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Looking forward to reading your article! 🚀</p>  </div>   </div> <div class="comment__actions flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center ml-2" aria-label="Comment Controls"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Like </span> </div> </a> <span class="before:middot font-sans text-s 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class="comment__reactions-count font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis border-l-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis pl-1 mx-1 hidden"> 1 Reaction </span> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="comment flex grow-1 items-stretch leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/sameertewari?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Sameer T."> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/sameertewari?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Sameer T. </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline">Global Sales Strategy and Planning | New Business Development, CRM</p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 9mo </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 !mr-0.5 babybear:!-top-0.5" data-test-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] babybear:rotate-90 mamabear:!h-4 mamabear:!min-h-[32px] papabear:!h-4 papabear:!min-h-[32px]" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c26vw8uiog92lvrqov98hvbxr"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-auto top-[100%]" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis first-of-type:border-none flex"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=COMMENT&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="COMMENT" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:ugcPost:7161713807227056128,7162046672884248576)" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm 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Can't wait to explore the possibilities with Gemini Advanced and GPT-4. </p>  </div>   </div> <div class="comment__actions flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center ml-2" aria-label="Comment Controls"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Like </span> </div> </a> <span class="before:middot 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class="comment__reactions-count font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis border-l-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis pl-1 mx-1 hidden"> 1 Reaction </span> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="comment flex grow-1 items-stretch leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ai-tools-midjourney-chatgpt?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D0BAQEPbYauTJQsfA/company-logo_100_100/company-logo_100_100/0/1727882017037/ai_tools_midjourney_chatgpt_logo?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=7im4oJbArUbimzTtykhA2mCJEVbRG_JsGBKVSoksilk" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cs8pjfgyw96g44ln9r7tct85f" alt="Free AI Tools & ChatGPT Prompts 🔥"> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ai-tools-midjourney-chatgpt?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Free AI Tools & ChatGPT Prompts 🔥 </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline"></p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 9mo </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute 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tabindex="-1"> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis first-of-type:border-none flex"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=COMMENT&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="COMMENT" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:ugcPost:7161713807227056128,7162017318489817089)" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint focus:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint outline-offset-[-2px]">  <icon class="ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-text h-[24px] w-[24px] mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/iq0x9q37wj214o129ai1yjut"> </icon> Report this comment </a>  </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="attributed-text-segment-list__container relative mt-1 mb-1.5 babybear:mt-0 babybear:mb-0.5"> <p class="attributed-text-segment-list__content text-color-text !text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap break-words comment__text babybear:mt-0.5" dir="ltr">This is great! Looking forward to reading your article. </p>  </div>   </div> <div class="comment__actions flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center ml-2" aria-label="Comment Controls"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Like </span> </div> </a> <span class="before:middot font-sans text-s 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class="comment__reactions-count font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis border-l-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis pl-1 mx-1 hidden"> 1 Reaction </span> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="comment flex grow-1 items-stretch leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/chrisbrown13?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5603AQHlEOBOk7RSPw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1682204306825?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=C3VQJp1VMLrl9EPuEWgWSgpGcP9_HmNVav2-PdVh8ko" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Chris Brown"> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/chrisbrown13?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Chris Brown </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline">Business Leader Offering a Track Record of Achievement in Project Management, Marketing, And Financial.</p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 9mo </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 !mr-0.5 babybear:!-top-0.5" data-test-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] babybear:rotate-90 mamabear:!h-4 mamabear:!min-h-[32px] papabear:!h-4 papabear:!min-h-[32px]" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c26vw8uiog92lvrqov98hvbxr"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-auto top-[100%]" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis first-of-type:border-none flex"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=COMMENT&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="COMMENT" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:ugcPost:7161713807227056128,7161990883930783744)" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint focus:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint outline-offset-[-2px]">  <icon class="ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-text h-[24px] w-[24px] mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/iq0x9q37wj214o129ai1yjut"> </icon> Report this comment </a>  </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="attributed-text-segment-list__container relative mt-1 mb-1.5 babybear:mt-0 babybear:mb-0.5"> <p class="attributed-text-segment-list__content text-color-text !text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap break-words comment__text babybear:mt-0.5" dir="ltr">Awesome article! Thanks for sharing your insights on the potential of advanced generative AI models like GPT-4 and Gemini. Looking forward to exploring new possibilities! </p>  </div>   </div> <div class="comment__actions flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center ml-2" aria-label="Comment Controls"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Like </span> </div> </a> <span class="before:middot font-sans text-s 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class="comment__reactions-count font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis border-l-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis pl-1 mx-1 hidden"> 1 Reaction </span> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="comment flex grow-1 items-stretch leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://dk.linkedin.com/in/joachim-delventhal-63301542?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQHr6sC9rHevAw/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1729067980868?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=juSA89PqGpRsLVWhH3PIj_08o6kP_3Q1aDtMPzPeR8E" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Joachim Delventhal"> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://dk.linkedin.com/in/joachim-delventhal-63301542?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Joachim Delventhal </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline">Strategic Advisor | Responsible Business Conduct | ESG & Sustainability Leader</p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 9mo </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 !mr-0.5 babybear:!-top-0.5" data-test-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] babybear:rotate-90 mamabear:!h-4 mamabear:!min-h-[32px] papabear:!h-4 papabear:!min-h-[32px]" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c26vw8uiog92lvrqov98hvbxr"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-auto top-[100%]" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis first-of-type:border-none flex"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=COMMENT&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="COMMENT" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:ugcPost:7161713807227056128,7161978993401917440)" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint focus:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint outline-offset-[-2px]">  <icon class="ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-text h-[24px] w-[24px] mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/iq0x9q37wj214o129ai1yjut"> </icon> Report this comment </a>  </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="attributed-text-segment-list__container relative mt-1 mb-1.5 babybear:mt-0 babybear:mb-0.5"> <p class="attributed-text-segment-list__content text-color-text !text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap break-words comment__text babybear:mt-0.5" dir="ltr">Thanks Christian! Interesting read and I would like to highlight what you are saying about expertise. AI tools are very good at generating (seemingly) convincing outputs but unless one really knows a subject matter, it is precarious to rely on what they “say” and it is important to guide them. That being said, I definitely profited from reading your article. Keep them coming</p>  </div>   </div> <div class="comment__actions flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center ml-2" aria-label="Comment Controls"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Funnerving-capabilities-state-of-the-art-chatbots-how-use-hendriksen-qzj6f&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Like </span> </div> </a> <span class="before:middot font-sans text-s text-color-text-low-emphasis"></span> <a 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data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/u6kgm8vi5s4rhtbgmjlphlp6"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-error"> <icon class="text-color-icon-negative toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/2ffvlzyh9wb65459t9va8w2ph"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-gdpr"> <icon class="text-color-icon-neutral toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/a0d85elrpgg38lskvq1kvzb3"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-notify"> <icon class="text-color-icon-neutral toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/de23f5me7dfm17unsj9up4vga"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-icon-success"> <icon class="text-color-icon-positive toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c44ryoszao52cyd0y87z7s0uf"></icon> </template> <template id="toast-cta"> <a class="toast__cta cta-link 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