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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Summit discussions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Summit_discussions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Summit discussions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Summit_discussions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Summit_of_the_Americas_and_the_Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Summit_of_the_Americas_and_the_Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Summit of the Americas and the Free Trade Area of the Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Summit_of_the_Americas_and_the_Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summit_fails_to_reach_a_trade_agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summit_fails_to_reach_a_trade_agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Summit fails to reach a trade agreement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summit_fails_to_reach_a_trade_agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests_against_FTAA_and_Bush" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests_against_FTAA_and_Bush"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Protests against FTAA and Bush</span> </div> 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_del_Plata_Summit_of_the_Americas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas">Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">4th Summit of the Americas</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_Summit_of_Americas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/4th_Summit_of_Americas.jpg/220px-4th_Summit_of_Americas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/4th_Summit_of_Americas.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="110" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">4th Summit of the Americas logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host country</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">Argentina</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data">November 4–5, 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Follows</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="3rd Summit of the Americas">3rd Summit of the Americas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precedes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="5th Summit of the Americas">5th Summit of the Americas</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>4th Summit of the Americas</b> was held at <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a>, about 400 km (250 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> in Argentina, on November 4–5, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Summit_(meeting)" title="Summit (meeting)">summit</a> gathered together the leaders of all the countries of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">American</a> continent, except <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. Major security arrangements and massive popular protests against the presence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> soil, took place in the days leading up to the summit. </p><p>The summit was characterized for a regional opposition against the US-sponsored <a href="/wiki/FTAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FTAA">FTAA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">ALCA</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Summit of the Americas">Summit of the Americas</a>" is the name for a continuing series of summits bringing together the leaders of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. The function of these summits is to foster discussion of a variety of issues affecting the western hemisphere. These high-level summit meetings have been organized by a number of multilateral bodies under the aegis of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>. In the early 1990s, what were formerly <i>ad hoc</i> summits came to be institutionalized into a regular "Summits of the Americas" conference program.<sup id="cite_ref-twaddle382_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twaddle382-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>December 9–11, 1994 <sup id="cite_ref-summits_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="1st Summit of the Americas">1st Summit of the Americas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 7–8, 1996 <sup id="cite_ref-summits_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Summit_of_the_Americas_on_Sustainable_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summit of the Americas on Sustainable Development (page does not exist)">Summit of the Americas on Sustainable Development</a> at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz, Bolivia">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 18–19, 1998 <sup id="cite_ref-summits_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/wiki/2nd_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="2nd Summit of the Americas">2nd Summit of the Americas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April 20–22, 2001 <sup id="cite_ref-summits_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summits-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="3rd Summit of the Americas">3rd Summit of the Americas</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City, Quebec">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summit_discussions">Summit discussions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summit discussions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The theme of the Fourth <a href="/wiki/Summits_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Summits of the Americas">Summits of the Americas</a> was "Creating Jobs to Fight Poverty and Strengthen Democratic Governance". The Declaration and Plan of Action of Mar del Plata, signed by the attending heads of state and government at the conclusion of the event, was expected to deal extensively with the topic of job creation. Nevertheless, most of the deliberations concerned the <a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Summit_of_the_Americas_and_the_Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas">The Summit of the Americas and the Free Trade Area of the Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Summit of the Americas and the Free Trade Area of the Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg/220px-Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg/330px-Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg/440px-Head_of_States_at_the_Americas_Summit_in_Mar_del_Plata_Argentina_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1309" /></a><figcaption>The heads of state during the Fourth Summit of the Americas 2005 in Mar del Plata, Argentina</figcaption></figure> <p>These original objectives dealing with job creation in Latin America however quickly dissolved over a disagreement in the wording of a clause encompassing the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), with Brazil and Argentina (two countries with highly competitive agricultural industries) in particular refusing to negotiate a deal where the U.S. does not limit barriers and subsidies to the U.S. agricultural industry. Talks about the FTAA, a possible free trade zone encompassing thirty-four nations in the American Continent, began on 11 December 1994 at the first <a href="/wiki/Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Summit of the Americas">Summit of the Americas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The concept of a 34-nation free trade zone, however, only came to prominence and the public consciousness seven years later at the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Summit_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City Summit of the Americas">Quebec City Summit of the Americas</a> which was met with large protests and demonstrations by people involved in the <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">anti-globalization movement</a>. President Bush stated prior to the Mar del Plata Summit that the U.S. would continue to push in favor the FTAA agreement despite opposition from some left-wing governments in the region. Though President Bush acknowledged that progress on the FTAA talks had stalled, he stated that the <a href="/wiki/Doha_Round" class="mw-redirect" title="Doha Round">Doha Round</a> global trade talks aimed at securing a global trade pact by the start of 2006 had to now take priority over the FTAA stating to reporters in Washington: "The Doha round really trumps the FTAA as a priority because the Doha round not only involves our neighborhood, it involves the whole world", he said. President Bush also went on to urge the Brazilian government to put pressure on the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to cut its farm subsidies, a major issue in world trade negotiations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summit_fails_to_reach_a_trade_agreement">Summit fails to reach a trade agreement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Summit fails to reach a trade agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the midst of protests from the civilian population and after US refusal to end or reduce its protectionism on agricultural markets, and opposition from the four <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a> countries (<a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, which maintained that the U.S.-led proposal would damage their nations' economies, the Summit talks failed to reach an agreement on a regional trade deal. Talks continued beyond the scheduled end of the meeting as supporters of the U.S.-led proposal sought to set another date to continue negotiations. Twenty-nine of the nations at the meeting agreed to resume talks over the Free Trade Area of the Americas in 2006; the five dissenters instead proposed to wait for the results of the next <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> meeting in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> pronounced the FTAA "buried". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage-MDQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Hermitage-MDQ.jpg/250px-Hermitage-MDQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Hermitage-MDQ.jpg/375px-Hermitage-MDQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Hermitage-MDQ.jpg/500px-Hermitage-MDQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><i>Hermitage</i> Hotel, venue for the 2005 summit</figcaption></figure> <p>Security for the summit included 10,000 local police and national security forces, including <a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Federal_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Policía Federal Argentina">Federal Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gendarmer%C3%ADa_Nacional_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendarmería Nacional Argentina">National Gendarmerie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_Naval_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectura Naval Argentina">Naval Prefecture</a>. More than twenty streets were blockaded in the main beach district. Three <a href="/wiki/Concentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentric">concentric</a> rings of chain-link fence were erected in the city, and residents living inside were issued special passes to be permitted in to get to their homes. </p><p>Ships belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a> were positioned offshore, while helicopters patrolled the beach area. The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a> deployed <a href="/wiki/A-4AR_Fightinghawk" class="mw-redirect" title="A-4AR Fightinghawk">A-4AR Fightinghawks</a> to the nearest <a href="/wiki/Tandil" title="Tandil">Tandil</a> airbase supported by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/E-3_Sentry" class="mw-redirect" title="E-3 Sentry">E-3 Sentry</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_Warning_And_Control_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne Warning And Control System">AWACS</a> operating from <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_Blanca" title="Bahía Blanca">Bahía Blanca</a>. There was a one hundred mile <a href="/wiki/No-fly_zone" title="No-fly zone">no-fly zone</a> in effect around the city for the duration of the summit with orders given for any planes in violation to be shot down. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protests_against_FTAA_and_Bush">Protests against FTAA and Bush</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protests against FTAA and Bush"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leading up to the summit, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivian</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a>, Argentine <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a> legend <a href="/wiki/Diego_Maradona" title="Diego Maradona">Diego Maradona</a>, and Cuban singer and composer <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Silvio Rodríguez">Silvio Rodríguez</a> travelled together to take part in the "Peoples' Summit" or the "American Anti-Summit", summoning Latin American activists who oppose the <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> "<a href="/wiki/Washington_Consensus" title="Washington Consensus">Washington Consensus</a>", the FTAA, and U.S. President George W. Bush. </p><p>Morales, Maradona and Rodríguez were part of a group of participants who travelled aboard a train named the <i>Expreso del Alba</i> from Buenos Aires to Mar del Plata. <i>Alba</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for <i>Alternativa Bolivariana para las Américas</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alternative_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas">Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas</a>") but is also the Spanish word for <i>dawn</i>. The Express was joined by road by hundreds of buses carrying members of political and social organisations, protests organizers claimed days before the summit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4403202.stm">[1]</a> </p><p>The group arriving in Mar del Plata aboard the <i>ALBA Express</i> went to the World Cup Stadium where <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Venezuela" title="President of Venezuela">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> spoke to the crowd, then joined the "peoples' march" summoned to repudiate the presence of George W. Bush in Latin America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200511/03/eng20051103_218759.html">[2]</a> </p><p>The march did not come close to the exclusion zone and ended peacefully. However, radical protesters (<a href="/wiki/Piquetero" title="Piquetero">piqueteros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing political parties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> organisations, etc.), who opposed what they considered reformism, organized a second march in which the protests turned violent. Protesters lit fires, hurled <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>, and set fire to a bank. Police used tear gas in an attempt to quell the violence. Unconfirmed reports indicate that there were at least twenty injured resulting from the violence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/americas/11/04/bush.summit/index.html">[3]</a> During the incident, MSNBC reported that 60 arrests had been made by 7:50 p.m. local time. </p><p>The downtown streets of Mar del Plata seemed empty and ghostlike by the time rioting had started. On <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> during the incident, <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> Chief <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> Correspondent David Gregory and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reporter Michael Fletcher attributed this to the widespread anticipation among locals that the summit would bring violence. Fletcher said during the broadcast that "people (local residents and business owners) anticipated that this summit was coming, and (the locals) got out of town" and that "most businesses and shops are closed". <i>The Washington Post</i> journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fletcher_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Fletcher (journalist) (page does not exist)">Michael Fletcher</a> also suggested that the violence was an outlet for anger caused by "growing wealth discrepancies" and the "rich getting richer", problems which he says many South Americans believe have "been made worse by free trade... and government inefficiency". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summits_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Summits of the Americas">Summits of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Consensus" title="Washington Consensus">Washington Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Argentina" title="Foreign relations of Argentina">Foreign relations of Argentina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summit-americas.org/default.htm">Summit Americas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090625221903/http://www.summit-americas.org/default.htm">Archived</a> 2009-06-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summit-americas.org/iv_summit.html">IV summit (4th)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612192718/http://www.summit-americas.org/iv_summit.html">Archived</a> June 12, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twaddle382-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twaddle382_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Twaddle, Andrew C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=71x7NlQ_xfgC&dq=summit+of+the+Americas&pg=PA382"><i>Health Care Reform Around the World,</i> p. 382.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-summits-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-summits_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-summits_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-summits_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-summits_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americasnet.net/home/about.htm">Summit of the Americas Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090527040557/http://www.americasnet.net/home/about.htm">Archived</a> May 27, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (SOAC): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americasnet.net/home/summits.htm">Summits list</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427152152/http://www.americasnet.net/home/summits.htm">Archived</a> April 27, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summit Americas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summit-americas.org/i_summit.html">I summit (1st)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612191553/http://www.summit-americas.org/i_summit.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summit Americas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summit-americas.org/summit_sd.html">Sustainable development</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090902092222/http://www.summit-americas.org/summit_sd.html">Archived</a> September 2, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summit Americas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summit-americas.org/ii_summit.html">II summit (2nd)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summit Americas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.summit-americas.org/iii_summit.html">III summit (3rd)</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTwaddle2002" class="citation book cs1">Twaddle, Andrew C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=71x7NlQ_xfgC"><i>Health Care Reform Around the World</i></a>. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Publishing">Greenwood Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86569-288-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86569-288-6"><bdi>978-0-86569-288-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48132063">48132063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+Care+Reform+Around+the+World&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48132063&rft.isbn=978-0-86569-288-6&rft.aulast=Twaddle&rft.aufirst=Andrew+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D71x7NlQ_xfgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4th+Summit+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trade-battle-looms-at-summit/">Trade Battle Looms At Summit</a> <i>(CBS News)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/02/international/americas/02latin.html">Bush Faces Tough Time in South America</a> (<i>The New York Times</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4403202.stm">Battle ahead at Americas summit</a> <i>(BBC News)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4399084.stm">US pushes for Americas trade zone </a> <i>(BBC News)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4410190.stm">No trade deal at Americas summit</a> <i>(BBC News)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4990070">Protesters Greet Bush at Latin America Summit</a> (<i>NPR's All Things Considered </i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/02/AR2005110202917.html?nav=rss_business/government">South Americans' Discontent Portends a Chilly Reception for Bush</a> (<i>The Washington Post</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/11/02/news/latam.php">Plans for Bush visit displease many in Latin America</a> (<i>International Herald Tribune</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000086&sid=a0v5r8ZT58M0">Argentina's Maradona to Lead Anti-Bush Protest</a> <i>(Bloomberg)</i></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="3rd Summit of the Americas">3rd Summit of the Americas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Summits_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Summits of the Americas">Summits of the Americas</a> </b><br /><b>2004</b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="5th Summit of the Americas">5th Summit of the Americas</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Summits_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Summits of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Summits_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Summits of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Summits_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Summits of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Summits_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Summit of the Americas">Summits of the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="1st Summit of the Americas">1st</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="2nd Summit of the Americas">2nd</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="3rd Summit of the Americas">3rd</a>: <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4th</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="5th Summit of the Americas">5th</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="6th Summit of the Americas">6th</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="7th Summit of the Americas">7th</a>: <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="8th Summit of the Americas">8th</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="9th Summit of the Americas">9th</a>: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Summit of the Americas on Sustainable Development: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Special_Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Monterrey Special Summit of the Americas">Monterrey Special Summit of the Americas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&oldid=1256291888">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_Summit_of_the_Americas&oldid=1256291888</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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