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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australian_Aboriginal_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Aboriginal_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australian Aboriginal culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Aboriginal_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ancient 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Māori_culture_(New_Zealand)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_culture_(New_Zealand)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Māori culture (New Zealand)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Māori_culture_(New_Zealand)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_North_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_North_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Native North American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_North_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pomo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pomo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Pomo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pomo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_South_American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_South_American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Native South American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_South_American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bullroarer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Svingtræ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Svingtræ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwirrger%C3%A4t" title="Schwirrgerät – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwirrgerät" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuristi" title="Vuristi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vuristi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churinga" title="Churinga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Churinga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siblilo" title="Siblilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Siblilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombos" title="Rhombos – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Rhombos" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%98%D8%BA%DA%98%D9%87" title="غژغژه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غژغژه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombe_(instrument)" title="Rhombe (instrument) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhombe (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toirnead%C3%B3ir" title="Toirneadóir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Toirneadóir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rombo_(strumento_musicale)" title="Rombo (strumento musicale) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rombo (strumento musicale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorrebot" title="Snorrebot – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Snorrebot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurre" title="Hurre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hurre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummar" title="Brummar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brummar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czurynga" title="Czurynga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czurynga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rombo_(instrumento_musical)" title="Rombo (instrumento musical) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rombo (instrumento musical)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вихревой аэрофон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вихревой аэрофон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brnivka" title="Brnivka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brnivka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brumsnurra" title="Brumsnurra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brumsnurra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullroarer_(nh%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A5)" title="Bullroarer (nhạc cụ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bullroarer (nhạc cụ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q666971#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bullroarer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bullroarer (disambiguation)">Bullroarer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bull_roarers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bull_roarers.jpg/290px-Bull_roarers.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bull_roarers.jpg/435px-Bull_roarers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bull_roarers.jpg/580px-Bull_roarers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Bullroarers from Africa in the <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>bullroarer</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>rhombus</b></i>, or <i><b>turndun</b></i>, is an ancient ritual musical instrument and a device historically used for communicating over great distances.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a piece of wood attached to a string, which when swung in a large circle produces a roaring vibration sound. </p><p>It dates to the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic period">Paleolithic period</a>, being found in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> dating from 18,000 BC. Anthropologist Michael Boyd, a bullroarer expert, documents a number found in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Ancient Greece it was a sacred instrument used in the <a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a> and is still used in rituals worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a prominent musical technology among the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal">Australian Aboriginal</a> people, used in <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal ceremony">ceremonies</a> and to communicate with different people groups across the continent. </p><p>Many different cultures believe that the sounds they make have the power to <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">ward off evil influences</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design,_use,_and_sound"><span id="Design.2C_use.2C_and_sound"></span>Design, use, and sound</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design, use, and sound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/220px--Bullroarer_noise.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="36" data-mwtitle="Bullroarer_noise.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bullroarer_noise.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Bullroarer_noise.webm/Bullroarer_noise.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video of a bullroarer being swung to make a noise</figcaption></figure> <p>A bullroarer consists of a weighted <a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">airfoil</a> (a rectangular thin slat of <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> about 15 to 60 centimetres (6 to 20 in) long and about 1.2 to 5 centimetres (0.5 to 2 in) wide) attached to a long <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">cord</a>. Typically, the wood slat is trimmed down to a sharp edge and serrations along the length of the wooden slat may or may not be used, depending on the cultural traditions of the region in question. </p><p>The cord is given a slight initial twist, and the roarer is then swung in a large circle in a horizontal plane, or in a smaller circle in a vertical plane. The <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a> of the roarer will keep it spinning about its axis even after the initial twist has unwound. The cord winds fully first in one direction and then the other, alternating. </p><p>It makes a characteristic roaring <a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a> <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> with notable sound modulations occurring from the rotation of the roarer along its longitudinal axis, and the choice of whether a shorter or longer length of cord is used to spin the bullroarer. By modifying the expansiveness of its circuit and the speed given it, and by changing the plane in which the bullroarer is whirled from horizontal to vertical or vice versa, the modulation of the sound produced can be controlled, making the coding of information possible. </p><p>The low-frequency component of the sound travels extremely long distances, clearly audible over many miles on a quiet night.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various cultures have used bullroarers as musical, ritual, and religious instruments and long-range communication devices for at least 19,000 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">North American Indigenous Bullroarers. </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BullRoarerNavajo1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/BullRoarerNavajo1910.jpg/100px-BullRoarerNavajo1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/BullRoarerNavajo1910.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="354" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BullRoarerApache1892.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BullRoarerApache1892.jpg/158px-BullRoarerApache1892.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/BullRoarerApache1892.jpg/237px-BullRoarerApache1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/BullRoarerApache1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BullRoarerGrosVentre1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BullRoarerGrosVentre1908.jpg/84px-BullRoarerGrosVentre1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/BullRoarerGrosVentre1908.jpg/126px-BullRoarerGrosVentre1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/BullRoarerGrosVentre1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="462" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Navajo<br /><i>tsin ndi'ni'</i><br />"groaning stick"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Apache<br /><i>tzi-ditindi</i><br />"sounding wood"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Gros Ventre<br /><i>nakaa<sup>n</sup>ta<sup>n</sup></i><br />"making cold"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This instrument has been used by numerous early and traditional cultures in both the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern hemisphere">southern hemispheres</a> but in the popular consciousness it is perhaps best known for its use by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigine" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigine">Australian Aborigines</a> (it is from one of their languages that the name <i>turndun</i> comes). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a> composed a composition for two violins, viola, two celli, and two bullroarers.<sup id="cite_ref-Blades_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bullroarer featured in the Kate Bush <i>Before The Dawn</i> concerts in London 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-review_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_Aboriginal_culture">Australian Aboriginal culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australian Aboriginal culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullroarers have been used in <a href="/wiki/Initiation_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Initiation ceremony">initiation ceremonies</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burials</a> to ward off evil spirits, and for bad tidings. Bullroarers are considered secret men's business by all or almost all Aboriginal tribal groups, and hence forbidden for women, children, non-initiated men, or outsiders to even hear. Fison and Howitt documented this in "Kamilaroi and Kurnai" (page 198). Anyone caught breaching the imposed secrecy was to be punished by death. </p><p>They are used in men's initiation ceremonies, and the sound they produce is considered in some indigenous cultures to represent the sound of the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Serpent" title="Rainbow Serpent">Rainbow Serpent</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the cultures of southeastern Australia, the sound of the bullroarer is the voice of <a href="/wiki/Daramulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daramulan">Daramulan</a>, and a successful bullroarer can be made only if it has been cut from a tree containing his spirit. </p><p>The bullroarer can also be used as a tool in <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal art">Aboriginal art</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bullroarers have sometimes been referred to as "wife-callers" by Indigenous Australians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A bullroarer is used by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hogan" title="Paul Hogan">Paul Hogan</a> in the 1988 film <i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Dundee_II" title="Crocodile Dundee II">Crocodile Dundee II</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Antill" title="John Antill">John Antill</a> included one in the orchestration of his <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Corroboree_(ballet)" title="Corroboree (ballet)">Corroboree</a></i> (1946).<sup id="cite_ref-Blades_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blades-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See: <a href="/wiki/Corroboree" title="Corroboree">Corroboree</a>. </p><p>An Australian band <a href="/wiki/Midnight_Oil" title="Midnight Oil">Midnight Oil</a> included a recording of an imitation bullroarer on their album <i><a href="/wiki/Diesel_and_Dust" title="Diesel and Dust">Diesel and Dust</a></i> (1987) at the beginning of the song "Bullroarer". In an interview, the band's drummer <a href="/wiki/Rob_Hirst" title="Rob Hirst">Rob Hirst</a> stated "it's a sacred instrument... only initiated men are supposed to hear those sounds. So we didn't use a real bullroarer as that would have been cultural imperialism. Instead we used an imitation bullroarer that school kids in Australia use. It is a ruler with a piece of rope wrapped around it."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg/150px-BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg/225px-BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg/300px-BullRoarerBritish1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Bull-Roarers from the Great Britain and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, bullroarers were especially used in the ceremonies of the cult of <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a>. A bullroarer was known as a <i>rhombos</i> (literally meaning "whirling" or "rumbling"), both to describe its sonic character and its typical shape, the <a href="/wiki/Rhombus" title="Rhombus">rhombus</a>. (<i>Rhombos</i> also sometimes referred to the <a href="/wiki/Rhoptron" title="Rhoptron">rhoptron</a>, a buzzing drum).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Britain_and_Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Great Britain and Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Great Britain and Ireland, the bullroarer—under a number of different names and styles—is used chiefly for amusement, although formerly it may have been used for ceremonial purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parts of Scotland it was known as a "thunder-spell" and was thought to protect against being struck by lightning.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Goudge" title="Elizabeth Goudge">Elizabeth Goudge</a> novel <i>Gentian Hill</i> (1949), set in Devon in the early 19th century, a bullroarer figures as a toy cherished by Sol, an elderly farm labourer, who uses it occasionally to express strong emotion; however, the sound it makes is perceived as being both eerie and unlucky by two other characters, who have an uneasy sense that ominous spirits of the air ("Them") are being invoked by its whirring whistle.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scandinavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scandinavian Stone Age cultures used the bullroarer. In 1991, the archeologists Hein B. Bjerck and Martinius Hauglid found a 6.4 cm-long piece of slate that turned out to be a 5000-year-old bullroarer (called a <i>brummer</i> in Scandinavia). It was found in Tuv in northern Norway, a place that was inhabited in the Stone Age. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mali">Mali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dogon_people" title="Dogon people">Dogon</a> use bullroarers to announce the beginning of ceremonies conducted during the <i>Sigui</i> festival held every sixty years over a seven-year period. The sound has been identified as the voice of an ancestor from whom all Dogon are descended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Māori_culture_(New_Zealand)"><span id="M.C4.81ori_culture_.28New_Zealand.29"></span>Māori culture (New Zealand)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Māori culture (New Zealand)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pūrerehua is a traditional Māori bullroarer.<sup id="cite_ref-Teara_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teara-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name comes from the Māori word for moth. Made from wood, stone or bone and attached to a long string, the instruments were traditionally used for healing or making rain.<sup id="cite_ref-Teara_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teara-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_North_American">Native North American</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Native North American"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost all the native tribes in North America used bullroarers in religious and healing ceremonies and as toys. There are many styles. </p><p>North Alaskan <a href="/wiki/Inupiat" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat">Inupiat</a> bullroarers are known as <i>imigluktaaq</i> or <i>imigluktaun</i> and described as toy noise maker of bone or wood and braided sinew (wolf-scare).<sup id="cite_ref-inupiaqskills_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inupiaqskills-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks Island Eskimos were still using Bullroarers in 1963, when a 59 year old woman named Susie scared off four polar bears armed only with three seal hooks acting as such accompanied by vocals.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aleut, Eskimo and Inuit used bullroarers occasionally as a children's toy or musical instruments, but preferred drums and rattles.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pomo">Pomo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pomo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inland <a href="/wiki/Pomo" title="Pomo">Pomo</a> tribes of California used bullroarers as a central part of the <i>xalimatoto</i> or Thunder ceremony. Four male tribe members, accompanied by a drummer, would spin bullroarers made from cottonwood, imitating the sound of a thunder storm.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_South_American">Native South American</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Native South American"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">Shamans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a>, for example in <a href="/wiki/Tupi_people" title="Tupi people">Tupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamayur%C3%A1" title="Kamayurá">Kamayurá</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bororo" title="Bororo">Bororo</a> culture used bullroarers as musical instrument for rituals. In <a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian languages</a>, the bullroarer is known as <i>hori hori.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzzer_(whirligig)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzzer (whirligig)">Buzzer (whirligig)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haddon, <i>The Study of Man</i>, p. 219: "Prof. E. B. Tylor informs me that the name of 'bull-roarer' was first introduced into anthropological literature by the Rev. <a href="/wiki/Lorimer_Fison" title="Lorimer Fison">Lorimer Fison</a>, who compares the Australian <i>tundun</i> to 'the wooden toy which I remember to have made as a boy, called a 'bull-roarer',' and this term has since been universally adopted as the technical name for the implement." [Fison and Howitt, <i>Kamilaroi and Kurnai</i>, 1880. p. 267.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.otagomuseum.nz/athome/make-your-own-bullroarer">"MAKE YOUR OWN BULLROARER"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Museum">Otago Museum</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Museum&rft.atitle=MAKE+YOUR+OWN+BULLROARER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.otagomuseum.nz%2Fathome%2Fmake-your-own-bullroarer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregor, Thomas. <i>Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Lives of an Amazonian People</i>. University Of Chicago Press (1987). p. 106 "Today we know that the bullroarer is a very ancient object, specimens from France (13,000 B.C.) and the Ukraine (17,000 B.C.) dating back well into the Paleolithic period. Moreover, some archeologists—notably Gordon Willey (1971, 20)—now admit the bullroarer to the kit-bag of artifacts brought by the very earliest migrants to the Americas."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bayley, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostlanguageofsy01bayl"><i>The Lost Language of Symbolism: An Inquiry into the Origin of Certain Letters, Words, Names, Fairy-Tales, Folklore, and Mythologies</i></a> Book Tree (2000). p. 86: "The bullroarer, used always as a sacred instrument, is still employed in New Mexico, the Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, New Zealand, Africa, and Australia, and under the name of <i>Rhombus</i> it figured prominently in the Mysteries of Ancient Greece."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fransciscan Fathers, <i>An Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho Language</i>, p. 414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, R & Morgan, W <i>An Analytical Lexicon of Navajo</i>, (1992) <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico Press</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8263-1356-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8263-1356-6">0-8263-1356-6</a>, p. 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Powell, <i>Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology</i>, p. 477: "Fig. 430.—Rhombus of the Apache."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kroeber, "Ethnology of the Gros Ventre", p. 190: "Fig. 26 (50-1788). Bull-roarer, Length, 56 cm."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blades-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blades_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blades_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blades, James (1992). <i>Percussion Instruments and Their History</i>, p.394. Bold Strummer. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780933224612" title="Special:BookSources/9780933224612">9780933224612</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-review-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-review_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/kate-bush-hammersmith-apollo-music-review-a-preamble-then-a-coup-de-thtre--and-suddenly-the-long-wait-felt-worth-it-9692634.html">"Kate Bush, Hammersmith Apollo, gig review: Just what everyone was hoping for"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a></i>. 28 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924235657/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/kate-bush-hammersmith-apollo-music-review-a-preamble-then-a-coup-de-thtre--and-suddenly-the-long-wait-felt-worth-it-9692634.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Kate+Bush%2C+Hammersmith+Apollo%2C+gig+review%3A+Just+what+everyone+was+hoping+for&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Freviews%2Fkate-bush-hammersmith-apollo-music-review-a-preamble-then-a-coup-de-thtre--and-suddenly-the-long-wait-felt-worth-it-9692634.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Lawrence2016" class="citation book cs1">Michael Lawrence (2016). <i>Midnight Oil</i>. Melbourne Books. pp. 171–172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midnight+Oil&rft.pages=171-172&rft.pub=Melbourne+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Michael+Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haddon, <i>The Study of Man</i>, p. 221: "Fig 38. Bull-Roarers from the British Isles."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathiesen2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mathiesen, Thomas J.; et al. (2001). "Greece, §I: Ancient". In <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">Tyrrell, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5"><bdi>978-1-56159-239-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greece%2C+%C2%A7I%3A+Ancient&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-239-5&rft.aulast=Mathiesen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span>‎</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haddon, <i>The Study of Man</i>,p 225: "Those given to me were made for me, and may not represent the common form of bull-roarer in the north-east corner of Ireland. My informant stated that once when, as a boy, he was playing with a 'boomer' an old country woman said it was a 'sacred' thing."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haddon, <i>The Study of Man</i>, p. 222: "It was believed that the use of this instrument [thunder-spell] during a thunder-storm saved one from being struck with 'the thun'er-bolt'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goudge, Elizabeth. <i>Gentian Hill,</i> New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1946, pp. 71-72, 168, 315-321, 346-348, 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teara-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Teara_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Teara_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonga" class="citation web cs1">Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/maori-musical-instruments-taonga-puoro">"Māori musical instruments – taonga puoro – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141618/https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-musical-instruments-taonga-puoro">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C4%81ori+musical+instruments+%E2%80%93+taonga+puoro+%E2%80%93+Te+Ara+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Taonga&rft.aufirst=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmaori-musical-instruments-taonga-puoro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.netvalue.nz" class="citation web cs1">www.netvalue.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&keywords=purerehua&search=">"purerehua - Māori Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.maoridictionary.co.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180227181849/http://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&keywords=purerehua&search=">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maoridictionary.co.nz&rft.atitle=purerehua+-+M%C4%81ori+Dictionary&rft.au=www.netvalue.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maoridictionary.co.nz%2Fsearch%3Fidiom%3D%26phrase%3D%26proverb%3D%26loan%3D%26keywords%3Dpurerehua%26search%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inupiaqskills-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inupiaqskills_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725184842/http://nsbsdbeta.schoolwires.net/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=727&dataid=344&FileName=ILFComm.pdf">"Iñupiaq Knowledge and Skills"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>North Slope Borough School District</i>. <a href="/wiki/Utqiagvik,_Alaska" title="Utqiagvik, Alaska">Utqiagvik, Alaska</a>. p. 7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsbsdbeta.schoolwires.net/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=727&dataid=344&FileName=ILFComm.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>pdf download - toy noise maker of bone or wood and braided sinew</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Slope+Borough+School+District&rft.atitle=I%C3%B1upiaq+Knowledge+and+Skills&rft.pages=7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsbsdbeta.schoolwires.net%2Fsite%2Fhandlers%2Ffiledownload.ashx%3Fmoduleinstanceid%3D727%26dataid%3D344%26FileName%3DILFComm.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1964" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, William O. (May 1964). <i>National Geographic</i> (722 ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Geographic&rft.edition=722&rft.date=1964-05&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=William+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naiscurationproject.weebly.com/inuit.html">"The Bullroarer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017035400/https://naiscurationproject.weebly.com/inuit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bullroarer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaiscurationproject.weebly.com%2Finuit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoeb1926" class="citation book cs1">Loeb, Edwin M. (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucp019-003.pdf"><i>Pomo Folkways</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. University of California Press. pp. 378–380. <q>pdf extract - page 378=234 (e) The Thunder Ceremony</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pomo+Folkways&rft.series=University+of+California+Publications+in+American+Archaeology+and+Ethnology&rft.pages=378-380&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Loeb&rft.aufirst=Edwin+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu%2Fanthpubs%2Fucb%2Ftext%2Fucp019-003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullroarer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bullroarer" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bullroarer">Bullroarer</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Franciscan Fathers. <i>An Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho Language</i>. Saint Michaels, Arizona: Navajo Indian Mission (1910.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cort_Haddon" title="Alfred Cort Haddon">Haddon, Alfred C.</a> <i>The Study of Man</i>. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons (1898).</li> <li>Lang, A. "Bull-roarer", in J. Hastings, "Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics II", p. 889-890 (1908-1927).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_L._Kroeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred L. Kroeber">Kroeber, A.L.</a> "Ethnology of the Gros Ventre", <i>Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History</i> pp. 145–283. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees (1908).</li> <li>Powell, J.W. (Director). <i>Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1887-'88</i>. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office (1892).</li> <li>Hart, Mickey <i>Planet Drum, A Celebration of Percussion and Rhythm</i> pp. 154–155. New York: HarperCollins (1991).</li> <li>Battaglia, R., <i>Sopravvivenze del rombo nelle Province Venete (con 7 illustrazioni)</i>, Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni 1 (1925), pp. 190–217.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vscBpbao7Os"><span class="plainlinks">Audio/visual demonstration</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afaLL9BQv24"><span class="plainlinks">Sound modulation by changing orbital plane</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">Evil eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck" title="Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">Omen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">Talismans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_and_ritual" title="Myth and ritual">Myth and ritual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superstitions" title="List of superstitions">List of superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">List of lucky symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bad_luck_signs" title="List of bad luck signs">List of bad luck signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailors%27_superstitions" title="Sailors' superstitions">Sailors' superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_superstitions" title="Theatrical superstitions">Theatrical superstitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Ethiopia" title="Superstition in Ethiopia">Superstition in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_(folklore)" title="Buda (folklore)">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gris-gris_(talisman)" title="Gris-gris (talisman)">Gris-gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampy" title="Sampy">Sampy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_child" title="Sleeping child">Sleeping child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascalapha_odorata" title="Ascalapha odorata">Ascalapha odorata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Brujería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carranca" title="Carranca">Carranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooties" title="Cooties">Cooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Tippecanoe" title="Curse of Tippecanoe">Curse of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curupira" title="Curupira">Curupira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djucu" title="Djucu">Djucu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_cookie" title="Fortune cookie">Fortune cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_superstitions" title="Japanese superstitions">Japanese superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Korea" title="Superstition in Korea">Superstition in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoot_(ghost)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhoot (ghost)"><i>Bhoot</i> (ghost)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaupadi" title="Chhaupadi">Chhaupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churel" title="Churel">Churel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Bengali_culture" title="Ghosts in Bengali culture">Ghosts in Bengali culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal%27s_horn" title="Jackal's horn">Jackal's horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuai_Kuai_culture" title="Kuai Kuai culture">Kuai Kuai culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhurta" title="Muhurta">Muhurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratna" title="Navaratna">Navaratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_(amulet)" title="Nazar (amulet)">Nazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_battu" title="Nazar battu">Nazar battu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichal_Peri" title="Pichal Peri">Pichal Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_pregnancy_syndrome" title="Puppy pregnancy syndrome">Puppy pregnancy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akabeko" title="Akabeko">Akabeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanai_Anzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanai Anzen">Kanai Anzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneki-neko" title="Maneki-neko">Maneki-neko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiagari-koboshi" title="Okiagari-koboshi">Okiagari-koboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_death" title="Fan death">Fan death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agimat" title="Agimat">Agimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albularyo" title="Albularyo">Albularyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_the_Philippines" title="Witchcraft in the Philippines">Barang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulam">Kulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihi" title="Lihi">Lihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagtatawas" title="Pagtatawas">Pagtatawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasma" title="Pasma">Pasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usog" title="Usog">Usog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_Thong" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuman Thong">Kuman Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palad_khik" title="Palad khik">Palad khik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takrut" title="Takrut">Takrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nang_Kwak" title="Nang Kwak">Nang Kwak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_elephant_(animal)" title="White elephant (animal)">White elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chan" title="Jin Chan">Jin Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerology" title="Chinese numerology">Numbers in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_cloth" title="Yantra cloth">Yantra cloth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_curse" title="August curse">August curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayern-luck" title="Bayern-luck">Bayern-luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarney_Stone" title="Blarney Stone">Blarney Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimaruta" title="Cimaruta">Cimaruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornicello" title="Cornicello">Cornicello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goodman%27s_Croft" title="The Goodman's Croft">The Goodman's Croft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himmelsbrief" title="Himmelsbrief">Himmelsbrief</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_magical_staves" title="Icelandic magical staves">Icelandic magical staves</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_bocca_al_lupo" title="In bocca al lupo">In bocca al lupo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_witch" title="Kitchen witch">Kitchen witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooncalf" title="Mooncalf">Mooncalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Need-fire" title="Need-fire">Need-fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_painted_pebbles" title="Scottish painted pebbles">Painted pebbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_of_sympathy" title="Powder of sympathy">Powder of sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_rabbit_rabbit" title="Rabbit rabbit rabbit">Rabbit rabbit rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Russian traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstition in Britain">Superstition in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Serbia" title="Superstition in Serbia">Superstition in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_water_for_luck" title="Spilling water for luck">Spilling water for luck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Play" title="The Scottish Play">The Scottish Play</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll_cross" title="Troll cross">Troll cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe_days" title="Tycho Brahe days">Tycho Brahe days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_post" title="Witch post">Witch post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfssegen" title="Wolfssegen">Wolfssegen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades" title="Ace of spades">Ace of spades</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_on_a_match" title="Three on a match">Three on a match</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Four-leaf_clover" title="Four-leaf clover">Four-leaf clover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetraphobia" title="Tetraphobia">tetraphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh_son_of_a_seventh_son" title="Seventh son of a seventh son">Seventh son of a seventh son</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11:11_(numerology)" title="11:11 (numerology)">11:11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_(number)#Luck" title="13 (number)">13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th" title="Friday the 13th">Friday the 13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Thirteen_Club" title="The Thirteen Club">The Thirteen Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth floor">thirteenth floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triskaidekaphobia" title="Triskaidekaphobia">triskaidekaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_(number)#In_other_fields" title="17 (number)">17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heptadecaphobia" title="Heptadecaphobia">Heptadecaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_(number)" title="27 (number)">27</a> (<a href="/wiki/27_Club" title="27 Club">27 Club</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_(number)" title="39 (number)">39</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curse_of_39" title="Curse of 39">Curse of 39</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666</a> (<a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspicious_wedding_dates" title="Auspicious wedding dates">Auspicious wedding dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_superstition" title="Baseball superstition">Baseball superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beginner%27s_luck" title="Beginner's luck">Beginner's luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_butter_(superstition)" title="Bread and butter (superstition)">Bread and butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_a_leg" title="Break a leg">Break a leg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_letter" title="Chain letter">Chain letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp-ring" title="Cramp-ring">Cramp-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones%27_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Davy Jones' Locker">Davy Jones' Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man%27s_hand" title="Dead man's hand">Dead man's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-the-day_betting_effect" title="End-of-the-day betting effect">End-of-the-day betting effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_frogs" title="Fear of frogs">Fear of frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_ghosts" title="Fear of ghosts">Fear of ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_rite" title="Fertility rite">Fertility rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-foot" title="First-foot">First-foot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman" title="Flying Dutchman">Flying Dutchman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_eleven_forty-four" title="Four eleven forty-four">Four eleven forty-four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambler%27s_conceit" title="Gambler's conceit">Gambler's conceit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">Good luck charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinx" title="Jinx">Jinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocking_on_wood" title="Knocking on wood">Knocking on wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_contagion" title="Law of contagion">Law of contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literomancy" title="Literomancy">Literomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_of_hair" title="Lock of hair">Lock of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_impression" title="Maternal impression">Maternal impression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miasma_theory" title="Miasma theory">Miasma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(cricket)" title="Nelson (cricket)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerophobia" title="Numerophobia">Numerophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_charm" title="Numismatic charm">Numismatic charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">Penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit%27s_foot" title="Rabbit's foot">Rabbit's foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainmaking_(ritual)" title="Rainmaking (ritual)">Rainmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_sponsor" title="Ship sponsor">Ship sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoes_on_a_table" title="Shoes on a table">Shoes on a table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_horns" title="Sign of the horns">Sign of the horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_old" title="Something old">Something old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_salt" title="Spilling salt">Spilling salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_rubbing" title="Statue rubbing">Statue rubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(door)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threshold (door)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_toi_toi" title="Toi toi toi">Toi toi toi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well" title="Wishing well">Wishing well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_ball" title="Witch ball">Witch ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coincidence" title="Coincidence">Coincidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">Obsessive–compulsive disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptions_of_religious_imagery_in_natural_phenomena" title="Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena">Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc ergo propter hoc">Post hoc ergo propter hoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questionable_cause" title="Questionable cause">Questionable cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Judaism" title="Superstition in Judaism">Superstition in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstitions_in_Muslim_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstitions in Muslim societies">Superstitions in Muslim societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_music_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Template:Indigenous music of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Indigenous music of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous music of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_music_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Indigenous music of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapstick" title="Clapstick">Clapstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo">Didgeridoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_stick" title="Monkey stick">Lagerphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rock" title="Indigenous rock">Aboriginal rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songline" title="Songline">Songline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangga" title="Wangga">Wangga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reed_aerophones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reed_aerophones" title="Template:Reed aerophones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reed_aerophones" title="Template talk:Reed aerophones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reed_aerophones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reed aerophones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reed_aerophones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reed_aerophone" title="Reed aerophone">Reed aerophones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_reed" title="Double reed">Double reed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Cylindrical bore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaban_(instrument)" title="Balaban (instrument)">Balaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirimia" title="Chirimia">Chirimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duduk" title="Duduk">Duduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_(instrument)" title="Guan (instrument)">Guan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piri_(instrument)" title="Piri (instrument)">Piri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Conical bore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">Bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_(musical_instrument)" title="Bombard (musical instrument)">Bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">English horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hne" title="Hne">Hne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A8n" title="Kèn">Kèn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">Oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_d%27amore" title="Oboe d'amore">Oboe d'amore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_(music)" title="Piston (music)">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaita" title="Rhaita">Rhaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">Shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopila" title="Sopila">Sopila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taepyeongso" title="Taepyeongso">Taepyeongso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Single-reed_instrument" title="Single-reed instrument">Single reed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cylindrical bore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">Alboka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghul" title="Arghul">Arghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClban" title="Bülban">Bülban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalumeau" title="Chalumeau">Chalumeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">Clarinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplica" title="Diplica">Diplica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launeddas" title="Launeddas">Launeddas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijwiz" title="Mijwiz">Mijwiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibgorn_(instrument)" title="Pibgorn (instrument)">Pibgorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclam_de_xeremies" title="Reclam de xeremies">Reclam de xeremies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipsi" title="Sipsi">Sipsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xaphoon" title="Xaphoon">Xaphoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaleika" title="Zhaleika">Zhaleika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conical bore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aulochrome" title="Aulochrome">Aulochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckel-clarina" title="Heckel-clarina">Heckel-clarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckelphone-clarinet" title="Heckelphone-clarinet">Heckelphone-clarinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavin" title="Octavin">Octavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">Saxophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1rogat%C3%B3" title="Tárogató">Tárogató</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_reed_aerophone" title="Free reed aerophone">Free reed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawu" title="Bawu">Bawu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_horn" title="Party horn">Party horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_pipe" title="Pitch pipe">Pitch pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneng" title="Sneng">Sneng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviola" title="Claviola">Claviola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina" title="Concertina">Concertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couesnophone" title="Couesnophone">Couesnophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmoneon" title="Harmoneon">Harmoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">Harmonica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_harmonica" title="Chromatic harmonica">Chromatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_harmonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic harmonica">Diatonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter-tuned_harmonica" title="Richter-tuned harmonica">Richter-tuned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremolo_harmonica" title="Tremolo harmonica">Tremolo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourd_mouth_organ" title="Gourd mouth organ">Gourd mouth organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornophone" title="Hornophone">Hornophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulusi" title="Hulusi">Hulusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khene" title="Khene">Khene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusheng" title="Lusheng">Lusheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangtong" title="Mangtong">Mangtong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinshorn" title="Martinshorn">Martinshorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica">Melodica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organetto" title="Organetto">Organetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physharmonica" title="Physharmonica">Physharmonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">Pump organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide-chant" title="Guide-chant">Guide-chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_harmonium" title="Indian harmonium">Indian harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthotonophonium" title="Orthotonophonium">Orthotonophonium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saenghwang" title="Saenghwang">Saenghwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng_(instrument)" title="Sheng (instrument)">Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_(instrument)" title="Shō (instrument)">Shō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triola" title="Triola">Triola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(wind_instrument)" title="Yu (wind instrument)">Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruple_reed" title="Quadruple reed">Quadruple reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed (instrument)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_hole" title="Tone hole">Tone hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666971#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666971#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666971#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4180570-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh97006054">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007537101205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/d00cec5f-f9bc-4235-a54f-6639a02d4e4c">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&oldid=1259464295">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bullroarer&oldid=1259464295</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rotating_and_whirling_aerophones" title="Category:Rotating and whirling 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