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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategic_Problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_Problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Strategic Problem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_Problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complexity_Theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complexity_Theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Complexity Theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complexity_Theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formulation_and_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formulation_and_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Formulation and implementation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formulation_and_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Game theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Strategy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategie" title="Strategie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Strategie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إستراتيجية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إستراتيجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategiya" title="Strategiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Strategiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Стратэгія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стратэгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Стратэгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стратэгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Стратегия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стратегия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategija" title="Strategija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Strategija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Стратеги – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Стратеги" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrat%C3%A8gia" title="Estratègia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estratègia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategaeth" title="Strategaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Strategaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategi" title="Strategi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strategi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strateegia" title="Strateegia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Strateegia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Στρατηγική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρατηγική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrategia_(juegos)" title="Estrategia (juegos) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estrategia (juegos)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategio" title="Strategio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Strategio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrategia" title="Estrategia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estrategia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="راهبرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهبرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strat%C3%A9gie" title="Stratégie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stratégie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratexia" title="Estratexia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estratexia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5" title="전략 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전략" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ռազմավարություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռազմավարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="रणनीति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रणनीति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategija" title="Strategija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Strategija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategi" title="Strategi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Strategi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategia" title="Strategia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strategia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" title="אסטרטגיה (מדעי החברה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטרטגיה (מדעי החברה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಟೆಜಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಟೆಜಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Стратегия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Стратегия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategia" title="Strategia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Strategia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strat%C4%93%C4%A3ija" title="Stratēģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stratēģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategija" title="Strategija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Strategija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strat%C3%A9gia" title="Stratégia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stratégia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strate%C4%A1ija" title="Strateġija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Strateġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87" title="استراتيجيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استراتيجيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategi" title="Strategi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Strategi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Стратеги – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стратеги" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E7%95%A5" title="戦略 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="戦略" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategi" title="Strategi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strategi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategiya" title="Strategiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Strategiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategia_organizacji" title="Strategia organizacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strategia organizacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrat%C3%A9gia" title="Estratégia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estratégia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Стратегия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стратегия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategjia" title="Strategjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Strategjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratic%C3%ACa" title="Straticìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Straticìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strategy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategija" title="Strategija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strategija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="ستراتیجی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ستراتیجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strateji" title="Strateji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Strateji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Стратегія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стратегія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c" title="Chiến lược – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến lược" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estratehiya" title="Estratehiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estratehiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="策略 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="策略" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5" title="战略 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="战略" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Plan to achieve goals in uncertainty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Strategy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Strategy (disambiguation)">Strategy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Strategy" title="Category:Strategy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strategy_Concept.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strategy topics"><img alt="Strategy topics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Strategy_Concept.svg/80px-Strategy_Concept.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Strategy_Concept.svg/120px-Strategy_Concept.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Strategy_Concept.svg/160px-Strategy_Concept.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#DDFFDD;;color: var(--color-base)">Analysis methods</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategy</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Military strategy</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">Strategic planning</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Strategic_thinking" title="Strategic thinking">Strategic thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theory" title="Decision theory">Decision theory</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#DDFFDD;;color: var(--color-base)">Major thinkers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Porter" title="Michael Porter">Michael Porter</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Rita_Gunther_McGrath" title="Rita Gunther McGrath">Rita Gunther McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Henderson" title="Bruce Henderson">Bruce Henderson</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Gary_Hamel" title="Gary Hamel">Gary Hamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_A._Yano" title="Candace A. Yano">Candace A. Yano</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/C._K._Prahalad" title="C. K. Prahalad">C. K. Prahalad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Collins" title="James C. Collins">Jim Collins</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">Liddell Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Corbett" title="Julian Corbett">Julian Corbett</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan" title="Alfred Thayer Mahan">Alfred Thayer Mahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.C._Wylie" title="J.C. Wylie">J.C. Wylie</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Slywotzky" title="Adrian Slywotzky">Adrian Slywotzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Oster" title="Sharon Oster">Sharon Oster</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Chris_Zook" title="Chris Zook">Chris Zook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mintzberg" title="Henry Mintzberg">Henry Mintzberg</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#DDFFDD;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">Business model</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Competitive_advantage" title="Competitive advantage">Competitive advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_chain" title="Value chain">Value chain</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Performance_effects" title="Performance effects">Performance effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_competency" title="Core competency">Core competency</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Porter%27s_generic_strategies" title="Porter's generic strategies">Generic strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_statement" title="Mission statement">Mission statement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#DDFFDD;;color: var(--color-base)">Frameworks and tools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SWOT_analysis" title="SWOT analysis">SWOT</a> • <a href="/wiki/Porter%27s_five_forces_analysis" title="Porter's five forces analysis">Five forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_scorecard" title="Balanced scorecard">Balanced scorecard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ansoff_matrix" title="Ansoff matrix">Ansoff matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGSM" title="OGSM">OGSM</a> • <a href="/wiki/Managerial_grid_model" title="Managerial grid model">Managerial grid model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEST_analysis" title="PEST analysis">PEST analysis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Growth%E2%80%93share_matrix" title="Growth–share matrix">Growth–share matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segmenting-targeting-positioning" title="Segmenting-targeting-positioning">STP</a> • <a href="/wiki/MECE_principle" title="MECE principle">MECE principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Model_Canvas" title="Business Model Canvas">Business Model Canvas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kraljic_matrix" title="Kraljic matrix">Kraljic matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Grid_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Grid Model">Strategic Grid Model</a> • <a href="/wiki/Strategy_map" title="Strategy map">Strategy map</a> • <a href="/wiki/VRIO" title="VRIO">VRIO</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strategy" title="Template:Strategy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strategy" title="Template talk:Strategy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strategy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strategy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ddddff;;padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ddddff;;padding-top:0;"><a href="/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">Planning</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;;border-top:1px #ddddff solid;"> Planning</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal" title="Goal">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan" title="Plan">Plan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;;border-top:1px #ddddff solid;"> Psychology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intention" title="Intention">Intention</a> (<a href="/wiki/Implementation_intention" title="Implementation intention">Implementation intention</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;;border-top:1px #ddddff solid;"> Business</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_plan" title="Business plan">Business plan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;;border-top:1px #ddddff solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Automated_planning_and_scheduling" title="Automated planning and scheduling">Automated planning and scheduling</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_planning" title="Motion planning">Motion planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-agent_planning" title="Multi-agent planning">Multi-agent planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial-order_planning" title="Partial-order planning">Partial-order planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference-based_planning" title="Preference-based planning">Preference-based planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactive_planning" title="Reactive planning">Reactive planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_space_planning" title="State space planning">State space planning</a></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_continuity_planning" title="Business continuity planning">Business continuity planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">Strategic planning</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Planning_sidebar" title="Template:Planning sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Planning_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Planning sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Planning_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Planning sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Strategy</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> στρατηγία <i>stratēgia</i>, "art of troop leader; office of general, command, generalship"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a general <a href="/wiki/Plan" title="Plan">plan</a> to achieve one or more long-term or overall <a href="/wiki/Goal" title="Goal">goals</a> under conditions of <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">uncertainty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the sense of the "<a href="/wiki/Art_(skill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Art (skill)">art</a> of the general", which included several subsets of skills including <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siegecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegecraft">siegecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a> etc., the term came into use in the 6th century C.E. in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman">Eastern Roman</a> terminology, and was translated into Western <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernacular languages">vernacular languages</a> only in the 18th century. From then until the 20th century, the word "strategy" came to denote "a comprehensive way to try to pursue political ends, including the threat or actual use of force, in a dialectic of wills" in a <a href="/wiki/Military_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Military conflict">military conflict</a>, in which both adversaries interact.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals and priorities, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions.<sup id="cite_ref-LFreedman2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LFreedman2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strategy can be intended or can emerge as a pattern of activity as the organization adapts to its environment or competes.<sup id="cite_ref-LFreedman2013_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LFreedman2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It involves activities such as <a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">strategic planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_thinking" title="Strategic thinking">strategic thinking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mintzberg" title="Henry Mintzberg">Henry Mintzberg</a> from <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> defined strategy as a pattern in a stream of decisions to contrast with a view of strategy as planning,<sup id="cite_ref-charlesw_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charlesw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Henrik von Scheel defines the essence of strategy as the activities to deliver a unique mix of value – choosing to perform activities differently or to perform different activities than rivals.<sup id="cite_ref-source_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-source-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Max_McKeown" title="Max McKeown">Max McKeown</a> (2011) argues that "strategy is about shaping the <a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">future</a>" and is the human attempt to get to "desirable ends with available means". <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kvint" title="Vladimir Kvint">Vladimir Kvint</a> defines strategy as "a system of finding, formulating, and developing a doctrine that will ensure long-term success if followed faithfully."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_theory">Military theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Military theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Military strategy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Subordinating the political point of view to the military would be absurd, for it is policy that has created war...Policy is the guiding intelligence, and war only the instrument, not vice-versa.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/On_War" title="On War">On War</a> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In military theory, strategy is "the utilization during both peace and war, of all of the nation's forces, through large scale, long-range planning and development, to ensure security and victory" (<i>Random House Dictionary</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-charlesw_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charlesw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The father of Western modern <a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">strategic study</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a>, defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." <a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">B. H. Liddell Hart</a>'s definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfill the ends of policy".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals. U.S. Naval War College instructor Andrew Wilson defined strategy as the "process by which political purpose is translated into military action."<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Freedman" title="Lawrence Freedman">Lawrence Freedman</a> defined strategy as the "art of creating power."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eastern <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> philosophy dates back much further, with examples such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a> dated around 500 B.C.<sup id="cite_ref-Lionel_Giles_2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lionel_Giles_2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counterterrorism_Strategy">Counterterrorism Strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Counterterrorism Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counterterrorism</a> involves the synchronized efforts of numerous competing bureaucratic entities, national governments frequently create overarching counterterrorism strategies at the national level.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A national counterterrorism strategy is a government's plan to use the instruments of national power to neutralize terrorists, their organizations, and their networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and to coerce the government or its citizens to react in accordance with the terrorists' goals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States has had several such strategies in the past, including the <i>United States National Strategy for Counterterrorism</i> (2018);<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Obama-era <i>National Strategy for Counterterrorism</i> (2011); and the <i>National Strategy for Combatting Terrorism</i> (2003). There have also been a number of ancillary or supporting plans, such as the 2014 <i>Strategy to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</i>, and the 2016 <i>Strategic Implementation Plan for Empowering Local Partners to Prevent Violent Extremism in the United States</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the United Kingdom's counterterrorism strategy, <a href="/wiki/CONTEST" title="CONTEST">CONTEST</a>, seeks "to reduce the risk to the UK and its citizens and interests overseas from terrorism, so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management_theory">Management theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Management theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic management</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The essence of formulating competitive strategy is relating a company to its environment. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Michael_Porter" title="Michael Porter">Michael Porter</a><sup id="cite_ref-Porter1980_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter1980-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Modern business strategy emerged as a field of study and practice in the 1960s; prior to that time, the words "strategy" and "competition" rarely appeared in the most prominent management literature.<sup id="cite_ref-LOS2010_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOS2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ghemawat1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghemawat1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Chandler,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.">Alfred Chandler</a> wrote in 1962 that: "Strategy is the <a href="/wiki/Determination" title="Determination">determination</a> of the basic long-term goals of an <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">enterprise</a>, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Porter" title="Michael Porter">Michael Porter</a> defined strategy in 1980 as the "...broad formula for how a business is going to compete, what its goals should be, and what policies will be needed to carry out those goals" and the "...combination of the <i>ends</i> (goals) for which the firm is striving and the <i>means</i> (policies) by which it is seeking to get there."<sup id="cite_ref-Porter1980_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter1980-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mintzberg" title="Henry Mintzberg">Henry Mintzberg</a> described five definitions of strategy in 1998: </p> <ul><li>Strategy as plan – a directed course of action to achieve an <i>intended</i> set of goals; similar to the strategic planning concept;</li> <li>Strategy as pattern – a consistent pattern of past behavior, with a strategy <i>realized</i> over time rather than planned or <i>intended</i>. Where the realized pattern was different from the intent, he referred to the strategy as <i>emergent</i>;</li> <li>Strategy as position – locating brands, products, or companies within the market, based on the conceptual framework of consumers or other stakeholders; a strategy determined primarily by factors outside the firm;</li> <li>Strategy as ploy – a specific maneuver intended to outwit a competitor; and</li> <li>Strategy as perspective – executing strategy based on a "theory of the business" or natural extension of the mindset or ideological perspective of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Complexity theorists define strategy as the unfolding of the internal and external aspects of the organization that results in actions in a socio-economic context.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_Problem">Strategic Problem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Strategic Problem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Crouch in 1998 defined the strategic problem as maintaining of flexible relationships that range from intense competition to harmonious cooperation among different players in a changing market. Despite being open to the idea of cooperation between players, this approach still considers that strategy is determined by market and organizational structure, a view consistent with the definition of strategy by Porter and Mintzberg.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, Burnett regards strategy as a plan formulated through methodology in which strategic problem encompasses six tasks: goal formulation, environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy evaluation, strategy implementation, and strategy control.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The literature identifies two main sources for defining a strategic problem. The first is related to environmental factors, and the second focuses on the organizational context (Mukherji and Hurtado, 2001). These two sources summarize three dimensions originally proposed by Ansoff and Hayes (1981). According to them, a strategic problem arises from analysis of internal and external issues, the processes to solve them, and the variables involved.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Terra and Passador's conceptualization, organizations and their surrounding systems are closely linked, so their survival depends on each other. Therefore, a strategy should combine proactive and reactive approaches, which means recognizing the organization’s impact on the environment and acting to minimize harm while adapting to new demands. The strategy should also align internal and external aspects of the organization and include all related entities. This helps build a complex socio-economic system where the organization is part of a sustainable ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complexity_Theory">Complexity Theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Complexity Theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Complexity" title="Complexity">Complexity</a> science, as articulated by R. D. Stacey, represents a conceptual framework capable of harmonizing emergent and deliberate strategies. Within complexity approaches, the term "strategy" is intricately linked to action but contrasts programmed action. Complexity theorists view programs merely as predetermined sequences effective in highly ordered and less chaotic environments. Conversely, strategy emerges from a simultaneous examination of determined conditions (order) and uncertainties (disorder) that drive action. Complexity theory posits that strategy involves execution, encompasses control and emergence, scrutinizes both internal and external organizational aspects, and can take the form of maneuvers or any other act or process.<sup id="cite_ref-Stacey1995_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stacey1995-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morin2005_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morin2005-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The works of Stacey stand as pioneering efforts in applying complexity principles to the field of strategy. This author applied self-organization and chaos principles to describe strategy, organizational change dynamics, and learning. Their propositions advocate for strategy approached through choices and the evolutionary process of competitive selection. In this context, corrections of anomalies occur through actions involving negative feedback, while innovation and continuous change stem from actions guided by positive feedback.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stacey1995_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stacey1995-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dynamically, complexity in strategic management can be elucidated through the model of "Symbiotic Dynamics" by Terra and Passador.<sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2019_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model conceives the social organization of production as an interplay between two distinct systems existing in a symbiotic relationship while interconnected with the external environment. The organization's social network acts as a self-referential entity controlling the organization's life, while its technical structure resembles a purposeful "machine" supplying the social system by processing resources. These intertwined structures exchange disturbances and residues while interacting with the external world through their openness. Essentially, as the organization produces itself, it also hetero-produces, surviving through energy and resource flows across its subsystems.<sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2019_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This dynamic has strategic implications, governing organizational dynamics through a set of attraction basins establishing operational and regenerative capabilities. Hence, one of the primary roles of strategists is to identify "human attractors" and assess their impacts on organizational dynamics. According to the theory of Symbiotic Dynamics, both leaders and the technical system can act as attractors, directly influencing organizational dynamics and responses to external disruptions. Terra and Passador further assert that while producing, organizations contribute to environmental entropy, potentially leading to abrupt ruptures and collapses within their subsystems, even within the organizations themselves. Given this issue, the authors conclude that organizations intervening to maintain the environment's stability within suitable parameters for survival tend to exhibit greater longevity.<sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2019_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2019-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theory of Symbiotic Dynamics posits that organizations must acknowledge their impact on the external environment (markets, society, and the environment) and act systematically to reduce their degradation while adapting to the demands arising from these interactions. To achieve this, organizations need to incorporate all interconnected systems into their decision-making processes, enabling the envisioning of complex socio-economic systems where they integrate in a stable and sustainable manner. This blend of proactivity and reactivity is fundamental to ensure the survival of the organization itself. <sup id="cite_ref-TerraPassador2016_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerraPassador2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Professor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rumelt" title="Richard Rumelt">Richard P. Rumelt</a> described strategy as a type of problem solving in 2011. He wrote that good strategy has an underlying structure he called a <i>kernel</i>. The kernel has three parts: 1) A <i>diagnosis</i> that defines or explains the nature of the challenge; 2) A <i>guiding policy</i> for dealing with the challenge; and 3) Coherent <i>actions</i> designed to carry out the guiding policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Rumelt2011_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rumelt2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> illustrated these three elements of strategy in his <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> Address to the Nation of 22 October 1962: </p> <ol><li>Diagnosis: "This Government, as promised, has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites are now in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a> strike capability against the Western Hemisphere."</li> <li>Guiding Policy: "Our unswerving objective, therefore, must be to prevent the use of these missiles against this or any other country, and to secure their withdrawal or elimination from the Western Hemisphere."</li> <li>Action Plans: First among seven numbered steps was the following: "To halt this offensive buildup a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated. All ships of any kind bound for Cuba from whatever nation or port will, if found to contain cargoes of offensive weapons, be turned back."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Rumelt wrote in 2011 that three important aspects of strategy include "premeditation, the anticipation of others' behavior, and the purposeful design of coordinated actions." He described strategy as solving a design problem, with trade-offs among various elements that must be arranged, adjusted and coordinated, rather than a plan or choice.<sup id="cite_ref-Rumelt2011_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rumelt2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formulation_and_implementation">Formulation and implementation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Formulation and implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strategy typically involves two major processes: <i><a href="/wiki/Formulation" title="Formulation">formulation</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Implementation" title="Implementation">implementation</a></i>. <i>Formulation</i> involves analyzing the environment or situation, making a diagnosis, and developing guiding policies. It includes such activities as <a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">strategic planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_thinking" title="Strategic thinking">strategic thinking</a>. <i>Implementation</i> refers to the action plans taken to achieve the goals established by the guiding policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rumelt2011_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rumelt2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Henderson" title="Bruce Henderson">Bruce Henderson</a> wrote in 1981 that: "Strategy depends upon the ability to foresee future consequences of present initiatives." He wrote that the basic requirements for strategy development include, among other factors: 1) extensive knowledge about the environment, market and competitors; 2) ability to examine this knowledge as an interactive dynamic system; and 3) the imagination and logic to choose between specific alternatives. Henderson wrote that strategy was valuable because of: "finite resources, uncertainty about an adversary's capability and intentions; the irreversible commitment of resources; necessity of coordinating action over time and distance; uncertainty about control of the initiative; and the nature of adversaries' mutual perceptions of each other."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_theory">Game theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Game theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strategy_(game_theory)" title="Strategy (game theory)">Strategy (game theory)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Player_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Player (game)">player</a>'s strategy is any of the options that the player would choose in a specific setting. Any optimal outcomes they receive depend not only on their actions but also, the actions of other players.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concept_Driven_Strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Concept Driven Strategy">Concept Driven Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultant" title="Consultant">Consultant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odds_algorithm" title="Odds algorithm">Odds algorithm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Odds_algorithm#Odds-strategy" title="Odds algorithm">Odds strategy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_strategy" title="Sports strategy">Sports strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">Strategy game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">Strategic management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_pattern" title="Strategy pattern">Strategy pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_planning" title="Strategic planning">Strategic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_voting" title="Strategic voting">Strategic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategist" title="Strategist">Strategist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Markup_Language" title="Strategy Markup Language">Strategy Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactic_(method)" title="Tactic (method)">Tactic (method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">Time management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Strategist" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Strategist">U.S. Army Strategist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Burgelman, James. <i>Strategy is Destiny (2002)</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Strategy-Is-Destiny-Strategy-Making-Companys/dp/0684855542">Strategy Is Destiny: How Strategy-Making Shapes a Company's Future</a></li> <li>Freedman, Lawrence. <i>Strategy: A History</i> (2013): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Strategy-A-History-Lawrence-Freedman/dp/0199325154/">Strategy: A History 1st Edition</a></li> <li>Heuser, Beatrice. <i>The Evolution of Strategy</i> (2010): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Strategy-Thinking-Antiquity-Present/dp/052115524X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1409208658&sr=1-1&keywords=Beatrice+Heuser+Evolution+of+Strategy#reader_052115524X">The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present</a></li> <li>Kvint, Vladimir. <i>Strategy for the Global Market: Theory and Practical Applications</i> (2016): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mb5n8O9y6YIC&q=Vladimir+Kvint%2F">Excerpt from Google Books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dstrathgi%2Fa">στρατηγία</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWragg1973" class="citation book cs1">Wragg, David W. (1973). <i>A Dictionary of Aviation</i> (first ed.). Osprey. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850451634" title="Special:BookSources/9780850451634"><bdi>9780850451634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Aviation&rft.pages=251&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780850451634&rft.aulast=Wragg&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeuser2010" class="citation book cs1">Heuser, Beatrice (14 October 2010). <i>The evolution of strategy : thinking war from antiquity to the present</i> (Illustrated ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52-115524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52-115524-3"><bdi>978-0-52-115524-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+strategy+%3A+thinking+war+from+antiquity+to+the+present&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=27-28&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft.isbn=978-0-52-115524-3&rft.aulast=Heuser&rft.aufirst=Beatrice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LFreedman2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LFreedman2013_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LFreedman2013_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2013" class="citation book cs1">Freedman, Lawrence (2013). <i>Strategy</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932515-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932515-3"><bdi>978-0-19-932515-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-932515-3&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimeone2020" class="citation journal cs1">Simeone, Luca (3 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/334327680/Characterizing_strategic_design_processes_Simeone.pdf">"Characterizing Strategic Design Processes in Relation to Definitions of Strategy from Military, Business and Management Studies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Design Journal</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 515–534. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14606925.2020.1758472">10.1080/14606925.2020.1758472</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218922359">218922359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Design+Journal&rft.atitle=Characterizing+Strategic+Design+Processes+in+Relation+to+Definitions+of+Strategy+from+Military%2C+Business+and+Management+Studies&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=515-534&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14606925.2020.1758472&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218922359%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Simeone&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvbn.aau.dk%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F334327680%2FCharacterizing_strategic_design_processes_Simeone.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mintzberg_and_Quinn_1996_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMintzberg,_Henry_and1996" class="citation book cs1">Mintzberg, Henry and, Quinn, James Brian (1996). <i>The Strategy Process: Concepts, Contexts, Cases</i>. Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-132-340304" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-132-340304"><bdi>978-0-132-340304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategy+Process%3A+Concepts%2C+Contexts%2C+Cases&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-132-340304&rft.aulast=Mintzberg%2C+Henry+and&rft.aufirst=Quinn%2C+James+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charlesw-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charlesw_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-charlesw_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Mintzberg1978" class="citation journal cs1">Henry Mintzberg (May 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019210811/http://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~charlesw/LongStrat2010/papers/class%2010/Patterns%20of%20Strategy%20Formulation.pdf">"Patterns in Strategy Formation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Management Science</i>. <b>24</b> (9): 934–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1287%2Fmnsc.24.9.934">10.1287/mnsc.24.9.934</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154086210">154086210</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~charlesw/LongStrat2010/papers/class%2010/Patterns%20of%20Strategy%20Formulation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Management+Science&rft.atitle=Patterns+in+Strategy+Formation&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=934-48&rft.date=1978-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1287%2Fmnsc.24.9.934&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154086210%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Henry+Mintzberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.fuqua.duke.edu%2F~charlesw%2FLongStrat2010%2Fpapers%2Fclass%252010%2FPatterns%2520of%2520Strategy%2520Formulation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-source-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-source_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henrik von Scheel and Prof Mark von Rosing. Importance of a Business Model (pp. 23–54). Applying real-world BPM in an SAP environment. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59229-877-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59229-877-8">978-1-59229-877-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKvint,_Vladimir2009" class="citation book cs1">Kvint, Vladimir (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globalemergingma0000kvin"><i><span></span></i>The Global Emerging Market: Strategic Management and Economics<i><span></span></i></a></span>. Routeledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203882917" title="Special:BookSources/9780203882917"><bdi>9780203882917</bdi></a>. <q>the global emerging market.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Emerging+Market%3A+Strategic+Management+and+Economics&rft.pub=Routeledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780203882917&rft.au=Kvint%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglobalemergingma0000kvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">Liddell Hart, B. H.</a> <i>Strategy</i> London: Faber, 1967 (2nd rev ed.) p. 321</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson2012-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson2012_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Andrew (2012). <i>Masters of War: History's Greatest Strategic Thinkers</i>. 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(2005). <i>Introduction à la pensée complexe</i>. Paris: Éditionsdu Seuil.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+%C3%A0+la+pens%C3%A9e+complexe&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditionsdu+Seuil&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Morin&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStecey1996" class="citation journal cs1">Stecey, R. D. (1996). "Emerging strategies for a chaotic environment". <i>Long Range Planning</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 182–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0024-6301%2896%2900006-4">10.1016/0024-6301(96)00006-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+Range+Planning&rft.atitle=Emerging+strategies+for+a+chaotic+environment&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=182-189&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0024-6301%2896%2900006-4&rft.aulast=Stecey&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacey2005" class="citation book cs1">Stacey, R. D. (2005). <i>The chaos frontier: creative strategic control for business</i>. Malksham: Redwood Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+chaos+frontier%3A+creative+strategic+control+for+business&rft.place=Malksham&rft.pub=Redwood+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TerraPassador2019-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TerraPassador2019_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TerraPassador2019_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TerraPassador2019_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerraPassador2019" class="citation journal cs1">Terra, L. A. A.; Passador, J. L. (2019). "The nature of social organization of production: From firms to complex dynamics". <i>Systems Research and Behavioral Science</i>. <b>36</b> (4): 514–531. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsres.2567">10.1002/sres.2567</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149946425">149946425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systems+Research+and+Behavioral+Science&rft.atitle=The+nature+of+social+organization+of+production%3A+From+firms+to+complex+dynamics&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=514-531&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsres.2567&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149946425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Terra&rft.aufirst=L.+A.+A.&rft.au=Passador%2C+J.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rumelt2011-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rumelt2011_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rumelt2011_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rumelt2011_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumelt2011" class="citation book cs1">Rumelt, Richard P. (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goodstrategybads00rume"><i>Good Strategy/Bad Strategy</i></a></span>. Crown Business. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-88623-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-88623-1"><bdi>978-0-307-88623-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Strategy%2FBad+Strategy&rft.pub=Crown+Business&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-307-88623-1&rft.aulast=Rumelt&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoodstrategybads00rume&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcubanmissilecrisis.html">"American Rhetoric: John F. Kennedy – Cuban Missile Crisis Address to the Nation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Rhetoric%3A+John+F.+Kennedy+%E2%80%93+Cuban+Missile+Crisis+Address+to+the+Nation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrhetoric.com%2Fspeeches%2Fjfkcubanmissilecrisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson,_Bruce1981" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Bruce (1 January 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/Classics/strategy_concept_of_strategy/">"The Concept of Strategy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Concept+of+Strategy&rft.pub=Boston+Consulting+Group&rft.date=1981-01-01&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcgperspectives.com%2Fcontent%2FClassics%2Fstrategy_concept_of_strategy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrategy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Polak" title="Ben Polak">Ben Polak</a> <i>Game Theory: Lecture 1 Transcript</i> ECON 159, 5 September 2007, <a href="/wiki/Open_Yale_Courses" title="Open Yale Courses">Open Yale Courses</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_and_war" title="Template:Military and war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_and_war" title="Template talk:Military and war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_and_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military and war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_and_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_technology" title="History of military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Occupational roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a></li> <li><i>Roles:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">Airman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">Commanding officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">Executive officer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Protocols and structure:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_ranks" title="Category:Military ranks">Ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Armed Forces</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><i>Functional specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Reconnaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reconnaissance_units" title="List of reconnaissance units">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_forces" title="Security forces">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_units_and_formations" title="Category:Military logistics units and formations">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Combat_occupations" title="Category:Combat occupations">Combat occupations</a></li> <li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruit_training" title="Military recruit training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_arms" title="Combat arms">Combat arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li> <li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_combatant" title="Surface combatant">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armed_forces" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armed forces">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structure_of_contemporary_armies" title="Category:Structure of contemporary armies">Armies by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">General staff</a></li> <li><i>Land:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_corps" title="List of military corps">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_divisions" title="List of military divisions">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brigades_by_type" title="Category:Brigades by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_country" title="Category:Regiments by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regiments_by_type" title="Category:Regiments by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_country" title="Category:Battalions by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battalions_by_type" title="Category:Battalions by type">By type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a></li> <li><i>Naval:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">Naval fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_force#Naval" title="Task force">Task force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_strike_group" title="Carrier strike group">Carrier strike group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">Squadron</a></li> <li><i>Air:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_box" title="Combat box">Combat box</a></li> <li><i>Special units by nation:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front; Russian land forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Ground:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">Ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_vehicles" title="List of military vehicles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_vehicle" title="Combat vehicle">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tracked_military_vehicles" title="Category:Tracked military vehicles">Tracked vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wheeled_military_vehicles" title="Category:Wheeled military vehicles">Wheeled vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="Lists of armoured fighting vehicles">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armoured_fighting_vehicles_by_country" title="List of armoured fighting vehicles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_car" title="Scout car">Scout car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle#Military_trucks" title="Military vehicle">Truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_trucks" title="Category:Military trucks">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_truck" title="Gun truck">Gun truck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers#Self-propelled_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">Anti-aircraft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_railways" title="Military railways">Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Artillery:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">Artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery" title="List of artillery">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artillery_by_country" title="List of artillery by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">Field gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_guns" title="List of field guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">Howitzer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_howitzers" title="List of howitzers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocket_artillery" title="List of rocket artillery">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Infantry guns</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_pistol" title="Service pistol">Pistols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_machine_guns" title="List of machine guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifles</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a></li> <li><i>Other infantry weapons:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_gun" title="Anti-tank gun">Anti-tank gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-tank_guns" title="List of anti-tank guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">Grenade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grenades" title="Category:Grenades">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">Flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_knife" title="Combat knife">Combat knife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_knives" title="Category:Military knives">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Missiles</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder-fired_missile" title="Shoulder-fired missile">Shoulder-fired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_country" title="List of missiles by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortar</a> <ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_infantry_mortars" title="List of infantry mortars">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_mortars" title="List of heavy mortars">Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Other:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">Land mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sea/Air:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Guided missiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missiles" title="List of missiles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_artillery" title="Naval artillery">Naval artillery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_guns" title="List of naval guns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Anti-ship missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">Torpedoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">Depth charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system" title="Close-in weapon system">Close-in weapons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_guns" title="Category:Aircraft guns">Guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Air-launched_missiles" title="Category:Air-launched missiles">Missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">Bombs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_equipment" title="Lists of military equipment">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_by_country" title="Category:Military equipment by country">By country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Helmet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_combat_helmets" title="List of combat helmets">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_clothing_camouflage_patterns" title="List of military clothing camouflage patterns">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_armor" title="Body armor">Body armor</a></li> <li><i>Facilities:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li> <li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo Data Computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Military science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><i>By era:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>By type:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armoured warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance" title="Alliance">Alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediation</a></li> <li><i>Public policy:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Defense budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Defense policy</a></li> <li><i>Related:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Military lists</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">Military tactics</a></li> <li><i>History lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_wars" title="Lists of wars">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><i>Related lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War">War</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_ranks_by_country" title="Template:Military ranks by country">Ranks</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Vehicles and weapons</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Tanks" title="Template:Tanks">Tanks</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Weapons" title="Template:Weapons">Weapons</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_IFV_and_APC" title="Template:Modern IFV and APC">Infantry fighting vehicles</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Warship_types_of_the_19th_%26_20th_centuries" title="Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries">Modern warships</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Military_aircraft_types_(roles)" title="Template:Military aircraft types (roles)">Aircraft</a>}}</span></li></ul></li> <li><i>Specific modern wars</i> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I">World War I</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II">World War II</a>}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War">Cold War</a>}}</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_wars_by_country_involved" title="Category:Lists of wars by country involved">Lists of wars by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_by_time" title="Category:Conflicts by time">Conflicts by time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_studies" title="Global studies">Global studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_in_international_relations" title="Idealism in international relations">Idealism in international relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarianism" title="Humanitarianism">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">International cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:International_relations" title="Template:International relations">International relations</a>}}</span></li> <li><i>Categories:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peace_organizations" title="Category:Peace organizations">Peace organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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