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<span>Massacre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Massacre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Massacre subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gladiator-like_killings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gladiator-like_killings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Gladiator-like killings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gladiator-like_killings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Highway_101" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Highway_101"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Federal Highway 101</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Highway_101-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unconfirmed_higher_death_toll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unconfirmed_higher_death_toll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Unconfirmed higher death toll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unconfirmed_higher_death_toll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Arrests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Police implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exodus_in_San_Fernando" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exodus_in_San_Fernando"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Exodus in San Fernando</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exodus_in_San_Fernando-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military-led_responses_and_new_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military-led_responses_and_new_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Military-led responses and new base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-led_responses_and_new_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Fernando_after_the_massacres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Fernando_after_the_massacres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>San Fernando after the massacres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Fernando_after_the_massacres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <button 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id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&params=24_50_51_N_98_09_30_W_region:MX_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°50′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">98°09′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.84750°N 98.15833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.84750; -98.15833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mass murder in San Fernando</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">2010 San Fernando massacre</a>, the mass murder of 72 non-Mexican nationals, or the <a href="/wiki/1868_San_Fernando_massacre" title="1868 San Fernando massacre">1868 San Fernando massacre</a>, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">2011 San Fernando massacre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2011 San Fernando massacre is located in Tamaulipas"><img alt="2011 San Fernando massacre is located in Tamaulipas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg/240px-Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg/360px-Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg/480px-Mexico_Tamaulipas_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="669" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.542%;left:63.149%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="2011 San Fernando massacre"><img alt="2011 San Fernando massacre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">2011 San Fernando massacre (Tamaulipas)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Tamaulipas</span></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_States_blank_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2011 San Fernando massacre is located in Mexico"><img alt="2011 San Fernando massacre is located in Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/240px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/360px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/480px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1326" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.254%;left:63.173%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="2011 San Fernando massacre"><img alt="2011 San Fernando massacre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">2011 San Fernando massacre (Mexico)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Mexico</span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&params=24_50_N_98_09_W_source:kolossus-nlwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°50′N</span> <span class="longitude">98°09′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.833°N 98.150°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.833; -98.150</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">24–29 March 2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data">Civilians and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> hitmen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">Mass murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">193</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>2011 San Fernando massacre</b>, also known as the <b>second massacre of San Fernando</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the mass murder of 193 people by <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> drug cartel at La Joya ranch in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, Mexico, in March 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-193muertoz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193muertoz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authorities investigating the massacre reported numerous hijackings of passenger buses on <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_101" title="Mexican Federal Highway 101">Mexican Federal Highway 101</a> in San Fernando, and the kidnapped victims were later killed and buried in 47 clandestine mass graves.<sup id="cite_ref-193muertoz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193muertoz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investigations began immediately after several suitcases and other baggage went unclaimed in <a href="/wiki/Reynosa" title="Reynosa">Reynosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros, Tamaulipas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 April 2011, Mexican authorities exhumed 59 corpses from eight mass graves.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 7 June 2011, after a series of multiple excavations, a total of 193 bodies were exhumed from mass graves in San Fernando.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reports mentioned that female kidnapping victims were raped and able-bodied male kidnapping victims were forced to fight to the death with other hostages, where they were given knives, hammers, machetes and clubs to find recruits who were willing to kill for their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the blood sport, the survivor was recruited as a hitman for <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a>; those who did not survive were buried in a clandestine gravesite.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the massacre, thousands of citizens from San Fernando fled to other parts of Mexico and to the US.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Mexico" title="Federal government of Mexico">Mexican government</a> responded by sending 650 soldiers to San Fernando and establishing a military base in the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The troops took over the duties of the police force in the city and worked on social programs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a total of 82 Zeta members were arrested by 23 August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 tranquility slowly returned to the city, along with the inhabitants who fled because of the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mexican authorities are not certain why <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> decided to abduct people from buses, and then torture, murder and bury them. They speculate that the Zetas may have forcibly recruited the passengers as foot soldiers for the organization, intending to hold them for ransom or extort them before they crossed into the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some killers, however, confessed that they abducted and killed the passengers because they feared their rivals, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a>, were getting reinforcements from other states.<sup id="cite_ref-killedmystery_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killedmystery-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the leaders confessed that <a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Heriberto Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano</a>, the supreme leader of Los Zetas, had ordered the investigation of all buses coming in through San Fernando; those "who had nothing to do with it were freed. But those that did, they were killed."<sup id="cite_ref-killedmystery_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killedmystery-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the killers claimed to have investigated passengers' cellphones and text messages to determine if they were involved with the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> or not, and that they were particularly worried about buses coming in from the states of <a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, two strongholds of the rival <a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana" title="La Familia Michoacana">La Familia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-killedmystery_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-killedmystery-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a></div> <p>In early 2010, <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> broke apart from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> and both organizations turned their weapons against each other.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first clash between the groups happened in <a href="/wiki/Reynosa,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynosa, Tamaulipas">Reynosa</a>, then expanded to <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Laredo,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas">Nuevo Laredo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war spread throughout 11 of Tamaulipas' municipalities, 9 of which border <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and soon thereafter spread to Tamaulipas' neighboring states: <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the midst of violence and panic, authorities and media initially attempted to downplay the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a>, Gulf Cartel forces led by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Antonio Cárdenas Guillén">Antonio Cárdenas Guillén</a> "strung the bodies of fallen Zetas and their associates from light poles."<sup id="cite_ref-sanfernandomonitor_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanfernandomonitor-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gulf Cartel lashed out to attack Los Zetas at their stronghold in San Fernando. According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monitor_(Texas)" title="The Monitor (Texas)">The Monitor</a></i>, the municipality of San Fernando is a "virtual spiderweb" of dirt roads that connect with <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, and Matamoros—making it a prized territory for drug traffickers.<sup id="cite_ref-sanfernandomonitor_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanfernandomonitor-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2010, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Naval_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Naval Infantry">Mexican Naval Infantry</a> found <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">72 dead immigrants</a>—58 men and 14 women—in San Fernando, killed by Los Zetas for their failure to pay their ransom and their refusal to work for the cartel.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Ecuadorian survivor faked his death and made it up to a military checkpoint, and subsequently led authorities to the 72 dead inside a warehouse on a ranch.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massacre was internationally condemned.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massacre">Massacre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Mexican_drug_war" title="Template:Campaignbox Mexican drug war"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Mexican_drug_war" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Mexican drug war"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Mexican_drug_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Mexican drug war"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mexican_drug_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war"><span class="wrap">Mexican drug war</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Projects and operations:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Community_Shield_(2005-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Community Shield (2005-present)"><i>Community Shield</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gunrunner" title="Project Gunrunner"><i>Gunrunner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start"><i>Jump Start</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Operation Michoacán"><i>Michoacán</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal#2006–2008:_Operation_Wide_Receiver_and_other_probes" title="ATF gunwalking scandal"><i>Wide Receiver</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baja_California" title="Operation Baja California"><i>Baja California</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solare" title="Operation Solare"><i>Solare</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Xcellerator" title="Operation Xcellerator"><i>Xcellerator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinaloa" title="Operation Sinaloa"><i>Sinaloa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Operation_Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n-Tamaulipas" title="Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas"><i>Nuevo León-Tamaulipas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Guerrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Guerrero (page does not exist)"><i>Guerrero</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chihuahua" title="Operation Chihuahua"><i>Chihuahua</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Quintana_Roo" title="Operation Quintana Roo"><i>Quintana Roo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana#Project_Coronado" title="La Familia Michoacana"><i>Coronado</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal#2009–2011:_Operation_Fast_and_Furious" title="ATF gunwalking scandal"><i>Fast and Furious</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)"><i>Phalanx</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Southern_Tempest" title="Project Southern Tempest"><i>Southern Tempest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Lince_Norte" title="Operación Lince Norte"><i>Lince Norte</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Escorpi%C3%B3n" title="Operación Escorpión"><i>Escorpión</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana#Project_Delirium" title="La Familia Michoacana"><i>Delirium</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Laguna_Segura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Laguna Segura (page does not exist)"><i>Laguna Segura</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Safe_Veracruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Safe Veracruz (page does not exist)"><i>Safe Veracruz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Safe_San_Luis_Potosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Safe San Luis Potosi (page does not exist)"><i>Safe San Luis Potosi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Neza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Neza (page does not exist)"><i>Neza</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Estado_de_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Estado de Mexico (page does not exist)"><i>State of Mexico</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Storm" title="Operation Blue Storm"><i>Blue Storm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kruz_Control" title="Operation Kruz Control"><i>Kruz Control</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Terminus" title="Operation Terminus"><i>Terminus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bishop" title="Operation Bishop"><i>Bishop</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Coyote" title="Operation Coyote"><i>Coyote</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Wildfire" title="Project Wildfire"><i>Wildfire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Swan" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Black Swan"><i>Black Swan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Diablo_Express" title="Operation Diablo Express"><i>Diablo Express</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Shadowfire" title="Project Shadowfire"><i>Shadowfire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Culiacán">Culiacán</a></li></ul> <p><b>Events:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_of_Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n_(2001%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2014)">El Chapo manhunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia_grenade_attacks" title="Morelia grenade attacks">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_prison_riot" title="2009 Ciudad Juárez prison riot">1st Juárez prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Raul_and_Brisenia_Flores" title="Murders of Raul and Brisenia Flores">Arivaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Guanajuato_and_Hidalgo_shootings" title="2009 Guanajuato and Hidalgo shootings">Guanajuato & Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_rehab_center_attack" title="Ciudad Juárez rehab center attack">Juárez rehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villas_de_Salv%C3%A1rcar_massacre" title="Villas de Salvárcar massacre">Villas de Salvárcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Chihuahua_shootings" title="2010 Chihuahua shootings">Chihuahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n_mass_graves" title="Nuevo León mass graves">Nuevo León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrero_mass_graves" title="Guerrero mass graves">Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">San Fernando (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Saric_shootout" title="2010 Saric shootout">Saric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Puebla_oil_pipeline_explosion" title="2010 Puebla oil pipeline explosion">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Zapata" title="Jaime Zapata">San Luis Potosi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Fernando (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Durango_massacres" title="2011 Durango massacres">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Guerena_shooting" title="Jose Guerena shooting">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ru%C3%ADz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Ruíz (page does not exist)">Ruíz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_mass_graves" title="Coahuila mass graves">Coahuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Matamoros_mass_kidnapping" title="2011 Matamoros mass kidnapping">1st Matamoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Monterrey_casino_attack" title="2011 Monterrey casino attack">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_prison_brawl" title="Altamira prison brawl">Altamira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodaca_prison_riot" title="Apodaca prison riot">Apodaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nuevo_Laredo_massacres" title="2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres">Nuevo Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Boca_del_R%C3%ADo_murder_of_journalists" title="2012 Boca del Río murder of journalists">Boca del Río</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadereyta_Jim%C3%A9nez_massacre" title="Cadereyta Jiménez massacre">Cadereyta Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jose_Rodriguez" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Jose Rodriguez">Nogales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_La_Joya_shooting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 La Joya shooting (page does not exist)">La Joya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Iguala_mass_kidnapping" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Iguala mass kidnapping">Iguala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_May_2015_Jalisco_attacks" title="1 May 2015 Jalisco attacks">Jalisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_del_Oeste_ambush" title="2015 San Sebastián del Oeste ambush">San Sebastián del Oeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tanhuato%E2%80%93Ecuandureo_shootout" title="2015 Tanhuato–Ecuandureo shootout">Tanhuato-Ecuandureo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_Chico_prison_riot" title="Topo Chico prison riot">Topo Chico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Chimney_Canyon_shootout" title="2018 Chimney Canyon shootout">Chimney Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_nightclub_shooting" title="Salamanca nightclub shooting">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatitl%C3%A1n_massacre" title="Minatitlán massacre">Minatitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruapan_massacre" title="Uruapan massacre">Uruapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos_nightclub_fire" title="Coatzacoalcos nightclub fire">Coatzacoalcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Western_Michoac%C3%A1n_clashes" title="2019 Western Michoacán clashes">W Michoacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeBar%C3%B3n_and_Langford_families_massacre" title="LeBarón and Langford families massacre">LeBarón & Langford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Villa_Uni%C3%B3n_shootout" title="2019 Villa Unión shootout">Villa Unión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cieneguillas_prison_riots" title="Cieneguillas prison riots">Cieneguillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruapan_arcade_shooting" title="Uruapan arcade shooting">Uruapan arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_ambush" title="Madera ambush">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irapuato_massacres" title="Irapuato massacres">Irapuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatierra_mass_graves" title="Salvatierra mass graves">1st Salvatierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camargo_massacre" title="Camargo massacre">Camargo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coatepec_Harinas_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coatepec Harinas attack (page does not exist)">Coatepec Harinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doctor_Coss" title="Battle of Doctor Coss">Doctor Coss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Aguililla" title="Capture of Aguililla">Aguililla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarecuato_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarecuato massacre (page does not exist)">Tarecuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_prison_break" title="Tula prison break">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Tinajas_massacre" title="Las Tinajas massacre">Las Tinajas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaya_massacre" title="Celaya massacre">Celaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzantla_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuzantla shooting">Tuzantla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Totolapan_massacre" title="San Miguel Totolapan massacre">San Miguel Totolapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_prison_attack" title="2023 Ciudad Juárez prison attack">2nd Juárez prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Sinaloa_unrest" title="2023 Sinaloa unrest">Sinaloa unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Matamoros_kidnappings" title="2023 Matamoros kidnappings">2nd Matamoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensenada_shootout" title="Ensenada shootout">Ensenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatierra_massacre" title="Salvatierra massacre">2nd Salvatierra</a></li> <li>Ciudad Obregón</li></ul> <p><b>Topics:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Mexican_drug_war" title="Women in the Mexican drug war">Women in the Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_on_Falcon_Lake" title="Piracy on Falcon Lake">Piracy on Falcon Lake</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Mexico is supported by the United States in this conflict through the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida_Initiative" title="Mérida Initiative">Mérida Initiative</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Between 24 and 29 March 2011, several public transportation buses that were heading to <a href="/wiki/Reynosa,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynosa, Tamaulipas">Reynosa, Tamaulipas</a>, were hijacked in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 April 2011 Mexican authorities found 59 bodies in eight clandestine mass graves in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando, Tamaulipas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discovery led officials to acknowledge that the Mexican drug cartels had begun to inflict fear through a new modus operandi: "stopping buses and removing passengers, some never to be seen again."<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two weeks before the bodies were found, there were reports of buses being hijacked by the cartels near San Fernando, where cartel members would "stop the bus, select passengers, take them hostage."<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourteen cartel members were arrested too.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 8 April 2011, the secretary general of Tamaulipas, Morelos Jaime Canseco, confirmed the finding of 13 more bodies, increasing the body count to 72.<sup id="cite_ref-72cuerpos_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72cuerpos-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the death toll reached 72, bus lines in <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> refused to take people to San Fernando until the situation was resolved.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigators began to mention that those killed were not migrants (like the previous massacre of the <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">72 migrants</a> in 2010), but "fellow <a href="/wiki/Mexican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican people">Mexican citizens</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-72cuerpos_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72cuerpos-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 April 2011, in four other mass graves, 16 more bodies were exhumed, increasing the death toll to 88.<sup id="cite_ref-88muertos_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88muertos-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnesses then reported that cartel members had stopped the bus at a fake <a href="/wiki/Military_checkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Military checkpoint">military checkpoint</a>, and that they had ordered the passengers to "pay up to $300 US dollars" for them to continue on their route.<sup id="cite_ref-88muertos_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88muertos-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investigation continued, and on 12 April 2011 the Mexican military confirmed the finding of 28 more bodies, upping the death toll to 116 and the mass graves up to 15.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was then proven by the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Mexico" title="Attorney General of Mexico">PGR</a> that the massacre was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a>, a drug trafficking organization formed originally by former military soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 13 April the authorities found six more bodies, making the death toll 122.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, on 14 April, 12 more mass graves were found with 23 bodies, and the body count reached 145.<sup id="cite_ref-145muertos_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145muertos-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigators mentioned that the bodies had been deceased for between "one and two months."<sup id="cite_ref-145muertos_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145muertos-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, 16 police officers from San Fernando were arrested for allegedly serving as accomplices to members of <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> in the slayings.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 April 2011 authorities found 32 more bodies in eight other mass graves; the death toll went up to 177.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five days later, on 26 April, the body count reached 183, and the mass graves found now numbered over 40.<sup id="cite_ref-183milenio_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183milenio-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventy-four suspected killers had been captured too.<sup id="cite_ref-183milenio_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183milenio-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this date only two of the 183 bodies found had been "fully identified" by authorities, and around 120 bodies were sent to <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> for identification.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, on 7 June 2011, the bodies found in clandestine mass graves in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando, Tamaulipas</a>, stopped at 193 corpses.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">US citizen</a> was killed in the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gladiator-like_killings">Gladiator-like killings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gladiator-like killings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i> journalist Dane Schiller interviewed an alleged cartel member, who explained Los Zetas had been using an "ancient Roman gladiator blood sport" to groom new assassins and to find recruits for their organization. </p><p>The kidnapped victims were forced to fight to the death with other victims.<sup id="cite_ref-houstonassassin_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houstonassassin-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men were given knives, hammers and machetes, and were ordered at gunpoint to fight for their lives like a "gladiator-style contest." The winners were ordered to go on suicide missions and shoot at rival drug cartel members elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-houstonassassin_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houstonassassin-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dead were buried in mass graves. Almost all the corpses found in the mass graves had evidence of "blunt force trauma." </p><p>A cartel member on trial in <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a>, testified that the fighting contests between the kidnapped victims were ordered by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Miguel Treviño Morales">Miguel Treviño Morales</a>, a high-ranking Zeta lieutenant, and that they were used to make the killers "lose their fear."<sup id="cite_ref-Forty_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forty-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, he mentioned that 100 Zeta recruits were being trained in <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas">Ciudad Victoria</a>, and 300 more in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a> in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Forty_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forty-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Highway_101">Federal Highway 101</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federal Highway 101"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_101" title="Mexican Federal Highway 101">Mexican Federal Highway 101</a>, which extends from the border city of <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros</a>, to the capital of the state, <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria" title="Ciudad Victoria">Ciudad Victoria</a>, is known by local residents as the "Highway of Death."<sup id="cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viadelamuerte-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who traveled through this highway in 2010 and 2011 used to see "burned vehicles, bullet-shot trucks on the side of the road, and dead bodies, often decapitated, that the cartels would leave behind."<sup id="cite_ref-carreteradia_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreteradia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others who have traveled through this highway and have survived car hijackings and checkpoints the organized crime groups have installed from <a href="/wiki/Padilla,_Tamaulipas" title="Padilla, Tamaulipas">Padilla</a> to <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a> have reported what happens on the highway.<sup id="cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viadelamuerte-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survivor saw "four SUVs, all grey and with tinted windows," adding that "everyone was armed."<sup id="cite_ref-camionetas_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camionetas-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The violence and constant car hijackings were so bad that bus lines avoided Highway 101 by driving miles out of their way.<sup id="cite_ref-camionetas_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camionetas-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another survivor stated that heavily armed men would stop buses at roadblocks, and then force women and young girls at gunpoint, "strip them naked, rape them," and then drive away in trucks, leaving the passengers traumatized.<sup id="cite_ref-camionetas_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camionetas-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One bus driver, "who said he had avoided being stopped thus far," claimed that another bus driver at the station had said that 12 people were pulled off the bus just 30 minutes before him.<sup id="cite_ref-camionetas_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camionetas-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other witnesses claim that once the buses were stopped, gunmen would storm the bus and point at certain passengers and say "you, you're coming down," and take them at gunpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viadelamuerte-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buses were then ordered to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viadelamuerte-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Highway 101 is the biggest and most important transportation system in the state of Tamaulipas, and it connects the state with Matamoros and Texas with the rest of Tamaulipas.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local residents mention that there is only traffic on this highway during daylight.<sup id="cite_ref-carreteradia_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreteradia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, they mention that the cartels "still kill people in San Fernando."<sup id="cite_ref-carreteradia_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carreteradia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US has issued travel warnings south of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unconfirmed_higher_death_toll">Unconfirmed higher death toll</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Unconfirmed higher death toll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 June 2011, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">federal police</a> captured Édgar Huerta Montiel, a high-ranking boss in Los Zetas and the man responsible for the <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">killing of 72 migrants</a> in 2010. He confessed during interrogation that "more than 600 bodies" were buried in clandestine mass graves near San Fernando, unconfirmed by Mexican authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-600cronica_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-600cronica-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-torreon600_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torreon600-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isabel Miranda de Wallace of "Stop the Kidnappings" suspects that the mass graves in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a> contain more than 500 dead, but that the government of <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> has not released such information because of the political troubles it may instigate.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrests">Arrests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 April 2011, in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria" title="Ciudad Victoria">Ciudad Victoria</a>, Mexican authorities captured Martín Omar Estrada Luna, alias <i>El Kilo</i>, lieutenant boss of <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando, Tamaulipas</a>, and responsible for at least 217 killings in that locality.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <i>El Kilo</i>, 11 additional Zeta gunmen were apprehended.<sup id="cite_ref-kiloinfo_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiloinfo-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were linked to the killing of a policeman and an investigator who were covering the massacres.<sup id="cite_ref-kiloinfo_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiloinfo-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Estrada Luna was one of the masterminds of the massacre of the <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">72 migrants</a> and of the mass graves found.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was regarded by the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a> as "one of the most aggressive leaders in <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> organization."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Federal Police</a> captured Édgar Huerta Montiel, alias <i>El Wache</i>, a high-ranking lieutenant of <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> and the man responsible for the killings of the 72 immigrants, on 17 June 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Fresnillo,_Zacatecas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnillo, Zacatecas">Fresnillo, Zacatecas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-captura_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-captura-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Huerta Montiel was an army deserter before joining <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-desertor_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-desertor-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Zeta lieutenants, like Abraham Barrios Caporal, alias <i>El Erasmo</i>, were captured on 30 June 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Mexico" title="Attorney General of Mexico">PGR</a> offered up to $15 million for information leading to the capture of those responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the PGR led the investigation and as of August 2011, 82 people had been arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-dosprofugos_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dosprofugos-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of those arrested were minors under the age of 18.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Top-Zeta leaders responsible for the attacks have also been arrested: Salvador Alfonso Martínez Escobedo, alias <i>La Ardilla</i>, was captured in late 2012 and <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Miguel Treviño Morales">Miguel Treviño Morales</a>, <i>Commander 40</i>, was arrested on 15 July 2013. One Zeta leader accused of involvement was still on the run as of July 2013: Román Ricardo Palomo Rincones, alias <i>El Coyote</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 August 2024, 11 gunmen working for Los Zetas were convicted and sentenced to up to 50 years' imprisonment for their role in the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_implications">Police implications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Police implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marisela_Morales_(lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marisela Morales (lawyer)">Marisela Morales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Mexico" title="Attorney General of Mexico">Attorney General of Mexico</a>, mentioned in a communiqué on 13 April 2011 that 16 of those arrested were municipal police officers in San Fernando. According to the investigations, the policemen offered <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a> "protection and help[ed] them cover up the killings."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president of Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a>, criticized the governors of the <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of Mexico">Mexican states</a> for failing to certify and regulate their police forces, who often aid criminal groups in their activities.<sup id="cite_ref-calderonpoli_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calderonpoli-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calderón condemned the fact that policemen kidnap civilians and then take them in their own police vehicles to the place where they are to be killed.<sup id="cite_ref-calderonpoli_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calderonpoli-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President</a> then mentioned that although the government at a federal level is working to "clean up" the police forces, at state and municipal levels the improvements "have not been parallel."<sup id="cite_ref-calderonpoli_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calderonpoli-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A judge ordered the imprisonment of all police officers implicated in the massacre on 18 April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exodus_in_San_Fernando">Exodus in San Fernando</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exodus in San Fernando"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the massacre of the 72 migrants, the discovery of the mass graves and the continuing violence between the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a>, fear so overwhelmed the citizens of San Fernando that more than 10,000 of them left the city.<sup id="cite_ref-exodoterra_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exodoterra-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's mayor, Tomás Gloria Requena, estimates that "around 10% of the population" left to "other towns and cities in Tamaulipas, and possibly to other parts of Mexico and the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-exodoterra_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exodoterra-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A priest of San Fernando, however, noted that those who left the city were directly "threaten[ed] by the organized crime groups," and that the arrival of the military has brought some of the tranquility the inhabitants of San Fernando wanted.<sup id="cite_ref-exodoterra_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exodoterra-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The priest related that when he drove around the city to go to other parishes, "heavily armed men with ski-masks ordered [him] to stop and identify [himself]."<sup id="cite_ref-exodoterra_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exodoterra-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would let him go after he said he was a priest at a local church, but mentioned that "these risks happened to the whole population."<sup id="cite_ref-exodoterra_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exodoterra-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newspapers mention that <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando, Tamaulipas</a>, "stayed without policemen," and the ones who were from that municipality were either arrested or assigned different functions.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> believes that the "exodus of the citizens of San Fernando is transitory, and once order is re-established, the families will be back again."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 2012 the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_National_Defense" title="Secretariat of National Defense">SEDENA</a> thanked the soldiers in San Fernando for bringing order and for "reverting the exodus of San Fernando, an unfortunate phenomenon that occurred due to the violence and the criminal groups that operated in the region."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military-led_responses_and_new_base">Military-led responses and new base</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Military-led responses and new base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2011 the federal government sent more than 500 troops to <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> to combat the drug cartels in the area and work together with the state forces.<sup id="cite_ref-500llegan_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500llegan-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, retired soldiers were also called to voluntarily join in the fight against the organized crime groups.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A military base was established in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a> on 18 January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-basemilitar_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basemilitar-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The headquarters were inaugurated by <a href="/wiki/Egidio_Torre_Cant%C3%BA" title="Egidio Torre Cantú">Egidio Torre Cantú</a>, the current governor of <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-basemilitar_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basemilitar-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The base hosts more than 650 military personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-basemilitar_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basemilitar-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below is the welcoming speech Torre Cantú gave to the soldiers on their arrival at <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"You all come here today to collaborate with the people of Tamaulipas, to show your love for this country and your call for service, and to participate in the establishment of law to bring tranquility to the citizens of this state."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Egidio_Torre_Cant%C3%BA" title="Egidio Torre Cantú">Egidio Torre Cantú</a>, governor of the state of Tamaulipas<sup id="cite_ref-500llegan_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500llegan-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>On another note, the troops also worked on "social projects" throughout San Fernando;<sup id="cite_ref-milisocial_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milisocial-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they provided medical care to the citizens, helped in the infrastructure of the city, provided free haircuts, helped repaint buildings and picked up trash.<sup id="cite_ref-milisocial_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milisocial-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2011 the military took over the responsibilities of the police in San Fernando, and now patrols the city, answers emergency calls of civilians, mans military checkpoints on highways, guards the municipal palace, investigates passenger buses and cars for drugs and other illegal goods and directs traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, another military base was opened in the city of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Mier,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Mier, Tamaulipas">Ciudad Mier, Tamaulipas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="San_Fernando_after_the_massacres">San Fernando after the massacres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: San Fernando after the massacres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little by little, the people who left <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando, Tamaulipas</a>, are slowly coming back to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eluniversalregreso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the citizens still find themselves "scared," and they reportedly "mistrust foreigners."<sup id="cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eluniversalregreso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the arrival of Mexican federal troops and the creation of the military base, San Fernando's social fabric and normality have been recovering.<sup id="cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eluniversalregreso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the city square, one can now see "a pair of lovers, bootblacks at work, people walking in the streets, and kids having fun."<sup id="cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eluniversalregreso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Candy stores, restaurants, shoe stores, and other establishments have reopened.<sup id="cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eluniversalregreso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> As of 2012 life in San Fernando appears to be calm, but once nightfall comes around, people are no longer in the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-silencio_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silencio-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 10:00 p.m. "San Fernando is a ghost town."<sup id="cite_ref-silencio_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silencio-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last bus departure from <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria" title="Ciudad Victoria">Ciudad Victoria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros</a> to San Fernando is at 6:10 p.m.; before the violence, buses drove to San Fernando throughout the night.<sup id="cite_ref-silencio_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silencio-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taxi drivers used to wait for people arriving at San Fernando throughout all hours of the night, and now the last bus arrives at around 9:30 p.m., and everyone then closes their doors and goes home.<sup id="cite_ref-silencio_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silencio-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 it had been more than three years since the city of San Fernando had a carnival dance; the <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Ayala" title="Ramón Ayala">Ramón Ayala</a> pub used to be the get-together place every weekend, and now it is closed.<sup id="cite_ref-bailes_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailes-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other bars have also closed too, as well as the cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-bailes_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailes-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Alberto Torres from <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i>, the people of San Fernando are resentful toward the government, from the federal level to the state and local ones.<sup id="cite_ref-bailes_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailes-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For more than two years "they were abandoned and forgotten, left at their own luck, in the middle of a raging <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">drug war</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-bailes_82-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailes-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A resident recalls what he feels when people from other parts of Mexico hear he's from San Fernando: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"You have no idea what it feels to go to a different place and say 'I am from San Fernando' and be discriminated."<sup id="cite_ref-bailes_82-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailes-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In addition, although the highways and dirt roads in <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> are sometimes the scenes of armed confrontations, as of February 2012 there have been "advancements" in the security situation of highways in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Mexico" title="Attorney General of Mexico">PGR</a> has not identified 159 of the 193 corpses exhumed as of April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamaulipas_as_a_failed_state">Tamaulipas as a failed state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tamaulipas as a failed state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The massacre of the 72 migrants,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the mass graves with nearly 200 bodies, the assassination of the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">PRI</a> candidate for state governor, <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Torre_Cant%C3%BA" title="Rodolfo Torre Cantú">Rodolfo Torre Cantú</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the murder of two city mayors,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the numerous prison breaks and killings,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the escalating violence in Tamaulipas and the lack of media coverage,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the political and police corruption,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have brought analysts to conclude that <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a> may in fact be or become a <a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">failed state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manuel Suárez-Mier, economist and drug war expert, believes that Mexico and Tamaulipas are "not failed states," since their economies are projected to grow starting in 2010, and the security measures stand in "a phase of reconstruction."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Mexico" title="List of massacres in Mexico">List of massacres in Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Durango_massacres" title="2011 Durango massacres">2011 Durango massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_in_the_Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 in the Mexican Drug War">2011–2012 in the Mexican Drug War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_mass_graves" title="Coahuila mass graves">Coahuila mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n_mass_graves" title="Nuevo León mass graves">Nuevo León mass graves</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/184592.html">"Hallan ocho fosas con 59 cuerpos en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 7 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120110080909/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/184592.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Hallan+ocho+fosas+con+59+cuerpos+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F184592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193muertoz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-193muertoz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-193muertoz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609071102/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/a83771a907f9b3b0aaf6153c163b67ca">"Aumenta a 193 los muertos por matanza en San Fernando, Tamaulipas: PGR"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milenio" title="Milenio">Milenio</a></i> (in Spanish). 7 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/a83771a907f9b3b0aaf6153c163b67ca">the original</a> on 9 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milenio&rft.atitle=Aumenta+a+193+los+muertos+por+matanza+en+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas%3A+PGR&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milenio.com%2Fcdb%2Fdoc%2Fnoticias2011%2Fa83771a907f9b3b0aaf6153c163b67ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306200844/http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1093197/Mexico+Maletas+abandonadas+pista+para+esclarecer+asesinatos+en+Tamaulipas.htm">"México: Maletas abandonadas, pista para esclarecer asesinatos en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Networks">Terra Networks</a></i> (in Spanish). 19 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1093197/Mexico+Maletas+abandonadas+pista+para+esclarecer+asesinatos+en+Tamaulipas.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Networks&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico%3A+Maletas+abandonadas%2C+pista+para+esclarecer+asesinatos+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra.com.mx%2Fnoticias%2Farticulo%2F1093197%2FMexico%2BMaletas%2Babandonadas%2Bpista%2Bpara%2Besclarecer%2Basesinatos%2Ben%2BTamaulipas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapa2011" class="citation news cs1">Chapa, Sergio (6 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=602111#.T16VqmK3CFc">"59 bodies found in eight mass graves near San Fernando"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KGBT-TV" title="KGBT-TV">KGBT-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412031325/http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=602111#.T16VqmK3CFc">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=59+bodies+found+in+eight+mass+graves+near+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft.aulast=Chapa&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valleycentral.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D602111%23.T16VqmK3CFc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapa2011" class="citation news cs1">Chapa, Sergio (7 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=627152#.T16WOGK3CFc">"San Fernando body count climbs to 193"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KGBT-TV" title="KGBT-TV">KGBT-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060800/http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=627152#.T16WOGK3CFc">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=San+Fernando+body+count+climbs+to+193&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft.aulast=Chapa&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valleycentral.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D627152%23.T16WOGK3CFc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animalpolitico.com/2011/06/zetas-recrean-peleas-del-coliseo-romano-con-secuestrados-houston-chronicle/">"Zetas recrean peleas del Coliseo Romano con secuestrados: Houston Chronicle"</a>. <i>Animal Politico</i> (in Spanish). 13 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820025255/http://www.animalpolitico.com/2011/06/zetas-recrean-peleas-del-coliseo-romano-con-secuestrados-houston-chronicle/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Politico&rft.atitle=Zetas+recrean+peleas+del+Coliseo+Romano+con+secuestrados%3A+Houston+Chronicle&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animalpolitico.com%2F2011%2F06%2Fzetas-recrean-peleas-del-coliseo-romano-con-secuestrados-houston-chronicle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/20110614/internacional/abci-carteles-mexicanos-peleas-gladiadores-201106141814.html">"Los narcos mexicanos obligan a los secuestrados a pelear como gladiadores"</a>. <i>ABC Internacional</i> (in Spanish). 14 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110910172540/http://www.abc.es/20110614/internacional/abci-carteles-mexicanos-peleas-gladiadores-201106141814.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=San+Fernando%2C+seguro+al+100%25&rft.date=2012-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Festados%2F84269.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animalpolitico.com/2011/08/ya-son-82-detenidos-por-fosas-de-san-fernando-tamaulipas-son-presuntos-zetas/">"Ya son 82 detenidos por fosas de San Fernando, Tamaulipas; son presuntos Zetas"</a>. <i>Animal Politico</i> (in Spanish). 23 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508074116/http://www.animalpolitico.com/2011/08/ya-son-82-detenidos-por-fosas-de-san-fernando-tamaulipas-son-presuntos-zetas">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/1140-zeta-testimony-solves-mystery-of-mexico-bus-massacres">the original</a> on 11 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Univision&rft.atitle=Los+Zetas+y+el+c%C3%A1rtel+del+Golfo+se+pelean+por+Monterrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.univision.com%2Fnarcotrafico%2Freportajes%2Fslideshow%2F2011-07-11%2Flos-zetas-cartel-del-golfo-pelean-monterrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216183527/http://www.mundonarco.org/2011/02/la-guerra-de-el-cartel-del-golfo-y-los.html?zx=862b69e2d65cce53">"La guerra del cártel del Golfo y Los Zetas, mañana 24 de febrero se cumple un año"</a>. <i>Mundo Narco</i> (in Spanish). 23 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mundonarco.org/2011/02/la-guerra-de-el-cartel-del-golfo-y-los.html?zx=862b69e2d65cce53">the original</a> on 16 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mundo+Narco&rft.atitle=La+guerra+del+c%C3%A1rtel+del+Golfo+y+Los+Zetas%2C+ma%C3%B1ana+24+de+febrero+se+cumple+un+a%C3%B1o&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mundonarco.org%2F2011%2F02%2Fla-guerra-de-el-cartel-del-golfo-y-los.html%3Fzx%3D862b69e2d65cce53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanfernandomonitor-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sanfernandomonitor_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanfernandomonitor_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308083331/http://www.themonitor.com/articles/cartel-59178-zetas-gulf.html">"After two-year struggle Gulf Cartel, Zetas at impasse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monitor_(Texas)" title="The Monitor (Texas)">The Monitor</a></i>. 3 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themonitor.com/articles/cartel-59178-zetas-gulf.html">the original</a> on 8 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monitor&rft.atitle=After+two-year+struggle+Gulf+Cartel%2C+Zetas+at+impasse&rft.date=2012-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themonitor.com%2Farticles%2Fcartel-59178-zetas-gulf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/703946.html">"Marina encuentra 72 cuerpos en fosa en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 25 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120110083438/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/703946.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Marina+encuentra+72+cuerpos+en+fosa+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2010-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F703946.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38867434">"Migrants killed for refusing to be assassins, teen says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MSN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN News">MSN News</a></i>. 26 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MSN+News&rft.atitle=Migrants+killed+for+refusing+to+be+assassins%2C+teen+says&rft.date=2010-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna38867434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/704384.html">"EU ofrece cooperación para aclarar muerte de migrantes"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 26 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100829090919/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/704384.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=EU+ofrece+cooperaci%C3%B3n+para+aclarar+muerte+de+migrantes&rft.date=2010-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F704384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/08/caso-san-fernando-se-fortalece-la-hipotesis-de-los-autobuses-secuestrados">"Caso San Fernando: la hipótesis de los autobuses secuestrados se fortalece"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 8 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729115018/http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/08/caso-san-fernando-se-fortalece-la-hipotesis-de-los-autobuses-secuestrados">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=Caso+San+Fernando%3A+la+hip%C3%B3tesis+de+los+autobuses+secuestrados+se+fortalece&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F08%2Fcaso-san-fernando-se-fortalece-la-hipotesis-de-los-autobuses-secuestrados&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/08/tres-estados-buscan-a-desaparecidos-entre-los-72-muertos-de-san-fernando">"Tres estados buscan a desaparecidos entre los 72 muertos de San Fernando"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 8 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=Tres+estados+buscan+a+desaparecidos+entre+los+72+muertos+de+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F08%2Ftres-estados-buscan-a-desaparecidos-entre-los-72-muertos-de-san-fernando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/06/autoridades-hallan-una-fosa-con-cuerpos-en-san-fernando-tamaulipas">"Autoridades hallan fosas con al menos 59 cuerpos en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 6 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122157/https://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/06/autoridades-hallan-una-fosa-con-cuerpos-en-san-fernando-tamaulipas">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=Autoridades+hallan+fosas+con+al+menos+59+cuerpos+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F06%2Fautoridades-hallan-una-fosa-con-cuerpos-en-san-fernando-tamaulipas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/184609.html">"Arrestan a 14 presuntos implicados en masacre"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 8 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110411043943/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/184609.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Arrestan+a+14+presuntos+implicados+en+masacre&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F184609.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72cuerpos-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-72cuerpos_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-72cuerpos_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/757778.html">"Hallan 13 cuerpos en Tamaulipas; suman 72"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 8 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629192042/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/757778.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Hallan+13+cuerpos+en+Tamaulipas%3B+suman+72&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F757778.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/primera/36606.html">"Autobuses suspenden corridas en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 9 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412133724/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/primera/36606.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Autobuses+suspenden+corridas+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fprimera%2F36606.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88muertos-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-88muertos_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-88muertos_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/10/militares-localizan-cuatro-fosas-con-16-cadaveres-mas-en-tamaulipas">"Militares localizan cuatro fosas con 16 cadáveres más en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 10 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122159/https://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/10/militares-localizan-cuatro-fosas-con-16-cadaveres-mas-en-tamaulipas">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=Militares+localizan+cuatro+fosas+con+16+cad%C3%A1veres+m%C3%A1s+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F10%2Fmilitares-localizan-cuatro-fosas-con-16-cadaveres-mas-en-tamaulipas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/758232.html">"Suman 88 cuerpos hallados en San Fernando: Sedena"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 10 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011225336/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/758232.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Suman+88+cuerpos+hallados+en+San+Fernando%3A+Sedena&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F758232.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&seccion=especial-global-por-tu-salud&cat=1&id_nota=729451">"Encuentran 28 cuerpos más; son 116 los asesinados en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%A9lsior" title="Excélsior">Excélsior</a></i> (in Spanish). 13 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228043059/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exc%C3%A9lsior&rft.atitle=Encuentran+28+cuerpos+m%C3%A1s%3B+son+116+los+asesinados+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Findex.php%3Fm%3Dnota%26seccion%3Despecial-global-por-tu-salud%26cat%3D1%26id_nota%3D729451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223100150/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8S6ioMbWB39l8yKCFIl9ajgXSBw?docId=CNG.b4703df1fdcf51f580e9189db2dc7b5c.501">"Drug gang blamed for mass killing of 116 in Mexico"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 12 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8S6ioMbWB39l8yKCFIl9ajgXSBw?docId=CNG.b4703df1fdcf51f580e9189db2dc7b5c.501">the original</a> on 23 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Drug+gang+blamed+for+mass+killing+of+116+in+Mexico&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5j8S6ioMbWB39l8yKCFIl9ajgXSBw%3FdocId%3DCNG.b4703df1fdcf51f580e9189db2dc7b5c.501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/12/hallazgo-de-fosas-en-san-fernando-tamaulipas">"PGR acusa a 'Los Zetas' como responsables de las 116 muertes en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 12 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062952/https://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/12/hallazgo-de-fosas-en-san-fernando-tamaulipas">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=PGR+acusa+a+%27Los+Zetas%27+como+responsables+de+las+116+muertes+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F12%2Fhallazgo-de-fosas-en-san-fernando-tamaulipas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapoliciaca.com/nota-roja/suben-a-122-los-cadaveres-hallados-en-narcofosas-en-san-fernando/">"Suben a 122 los cadáveres hallados en narcofosas en San Fernando"</a>. <i>La Policiaca</i> (in Spanish). 13 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408224731/http://www.lapoliciaca.com/nota-roja/suben-a-122-los-cadaveres-hallados-en-narcofosas-en-san-fernando/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Policiaca&rft.atitle=Suben+a+122+los+cad%C3%A1veres+hallados+en+narcofosas+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapoliciaca.com%2Fnota-roja%2Fsuben-a-122-los-cadaveres-hallados-en-narcofosas-en-san-fernando%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145muertos-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-145muertos_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-145muertos_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/14/la-cifra-de-cadaveres-aumenta-a-145-en-fosas-de-san-fernando-tamaulipas">"La cifra de cadáveres aumenta a 145 en fosas de San Fernando, Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 14 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122130/https://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/14/la-cifra-de-cadaveres-aumenta-a-145-en-fosas-de-san-fernando-tamaulipas">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=La+cifra+de+cad%C3%A1veres+aumenta+a+145+en+fosas+de+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F14%2Fla-cifra-de-cadaveres-aumenta-a-145-en-fosas-de-san-fernando-tamaulipas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/617563.html">"Suman 145 cuerpos en San Fernando"</a>. <i>El Siglo de Torreón</i> (in Spanish). 15 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827131550/http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/617563.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Siglo+de+Torre%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Suman+145+cuerpos+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx%2Fnoticia%2F617563.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2011/04/22/politica/006n1pol">"Hallan otros 32 cuerpos en San Fernando; suman ya 177"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Jornada" title="La Jornada">La Jornada</a></i> (in Spanish). 22 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918142102/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2011/04/22/politica/006n1pol">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=Hallan+otros+32+cuerpos+en+San+Fernando%3B+suman+ya+177&rft.date=2011-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2011%2F04%2F22%2Fpolitica%2F006n1pol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1090165/Cronologia+de+los+hallazgos+de+177+cadaveres+en+San+Fernando.htm">"Cronología de los hallazgos de 177 cadáveres en San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Networks">Terra Networks</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420184203/http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1090165/Cronologia+de+los+hallazgos+de+177+cadaveres+en+San+Fernando.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Networks&rft.atitle=Cronolog%C3%ADa+de+los+hallazgos+de+177+cad%C3%A1veres+en+San+Fernando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra.com.mx%2Fnoticias%2Farticulo%2F1090165%2FCronologia%2Bde%2Blos%2Bhallazgos%2Bde%2B177%2Bcadaveres%2Ben%2BSan%2BFernando.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183milenio-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-183milenio_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-183milenio_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110619192104/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/94735cf9dc1fc6e1994f97a4421d18ca">"Hallan 183 cadáveres en fosas de San Fernando; van 74 detenidos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milenio" title="Milenio">Milenio</a></i> (in Spanish). 26 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/94735cf9dc1fc6e1994f97a4421d18ca">the original</a> on 19 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milenio&rft.atitle=Hallan+183+cad%C3%A1veres+en+fosas+de+San+Fernando%3B+van+74+detenidos&rft.date=2011-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milenio.com%2Fcdb%2Fdoc%2Fnoticias2011%2F94735cf9dc1fc6e1994f97a4421d18ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/26/solo-dos-de-las-183-victimas-de-tamaulipas-han-sido-identificadas">"Sólo dos de las 183 víctimas de Tamaulipas han sido identificadas"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 26 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062954/https://expansion.mx/nacional/2011/04/26/solo-dos-de-las-183-victimas-de-tamaulipas-han-sido-identificadas">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=S%C3%B3lo+dos+de+las+183+v%C3%ADctimas+de+Tamaulipas+han+sido+identificadas&rft.date=2011-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpansion.mx%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F04%2F26%2Fsolo-dos-de-las-183-victimas-de-tamaulipas-han-sido-identificadas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723033855/http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/articles/san-127455-fernando-report.html">"Body count in San Fernando now at 193"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brownsville_Herald" title="The Brownsville Herald">The Brownsville Herald</a></i>. 7 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/articles/san-127455-fernando-report.html">the original</a> on 23 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brownsville+Herald&rft.atitle=Body+count+in+San+Fernando+now+at+193&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brownsvilleherald.com%2Farticles%2Fsan-127455-fernando-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapa2011" class="citation news cs1">Chapa, Sergio (14 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=629779#.T16ELmK3CFc">"One American confirmed among dead in San Fernando graves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KGBT-TV" title="KGBT-TV">KGBT-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215535/http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=629779#.T16ELmK3CFc">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=One+American+confirmed+among+dead+in+San+Fernando+graves&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft.aulast=Chapa&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valleycentral.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D629779%23.T16ELmK3CFc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houstonassassin-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-houstonassassin_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-houstonassassin_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiller2011" class="citation news cs1">Schiller, Dane (11 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Mexican-crook-Gangsters-arrange-fights-to-death-1692716.php">"Mexican crook: Gangsters arrange fights to death for entertainment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306225225/http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Mexican-crook-Gangsters-arrange-fights-to-death-1692716.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Mexican+crook%3A+Gangsters+arrange+fights+to+death+for+entertainment&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft.aulast=Schiller&rft.aufirst=Dane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Farticle%2FMexican-crook-Gangsters-arrange-fights-to-death-1692716.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forty-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forty_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forty_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman2012" class="citation news cs1">Sherman, Christopher (18 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/article/Alleged-cartel-hit-man-goes-on-trial-in-Texas-2601871.php">"Alleged cartel hit man goes on trial in Texas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Alleged+cartel+hit+man+goes+on+trial+in+Texas&rft.date=2012-01-18&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FAlleged-cartel-hit-man-goes-on-trial-in-Texas-2601871.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-viadelamuerte-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-viadelamuerte_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Torres, Alberto (13 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/184735.html">"Choferes eluden la "vía de la muerte"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111142228/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/184735.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Choferes+eluden+la+%22v%C3%ADa+de+la+muerte%22&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F184735.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carreteradia-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carreteradia_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carreteradia_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carreteradia_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130221044338/http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/san_fernando,_donde_el_miedo_no_se_ha_ido-1222627.html">"San Fernando, donde el miedo no se ha ido"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i> (in Spanish). 20 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/san_fernando,_donde_el_miedo_no_se_ha_ido-1222627.html">the original</a> on 21 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=San+Fernando%2C+donde+el+miedo+no+se+ha+ido&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardia.com.mx%2Fsan_fernando%2C_donde_el_miedo_no_se_ha_ido-1222627.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-camionetas-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-camionetas_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-camionetas_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-camionetas_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-camionetas_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsey2011" class="citation news cs1">Ramsey, Geoffrey (13 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305141108/http://insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/773-video-highway-of-death-runs-past-mass-graves-in-northern-mexico">"Video: 'Highway of Death' Runs Past Mass Graves in Northern Mexico"</a>. <i>Insight Crime</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/773-video-highway-of-death-runs-past-mass-graves-in-northern-mexico">the original</a> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insight+Crime&rft.atitle=Video%3A+%27Highway+of+Death%27+Runs+Past+Mass+Graves+in+Northern+Mexico&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft.aulast=Ramsey&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsightcrime.org%2Finsight-latest-news%2Fitem%2F773-video-highway-of-death-runs-past-mass-graves-in-northern-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130221073002/http://www.yucatan.com.mx/20110707/nota-13/110007-la-autopista-de-la-muerte.htm">"La autopista de la muerte"</a>. <i>Diario de Yucatán</i> (in Spanish). 24 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yucatan.com.mx/20110707/nota-13/110007-la-autopista-de-la-muerte.htm">the original</a> on 21 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diario+de+Yucat%C3%A1n&rft.atitle=La+autopista+de+la+muerte&rft.date=2011-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yucatan.com.mx%2F20110707%2Fnota-13%2F110007-la-autopista-de-la-muerte.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=573382#.T1p1WHK3CFc">"American consul speaks about dangerous San Fernando highway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KGBT-TV" title="KGBT-TV">KGBT-TV</a>. 27 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408223007/http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=573382#.T1p1WHK3CFc">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=American+consul+speaks+about+dangerous+San+Fernando+highway&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valleycentral.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D573382%23.T1p1WHK3CFc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-600cronica-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-600cronica_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cronica.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=586301">"600 fosas en San Fernando, dice el autor de las matanzas"</a>. <i>La Cronica</i> (in Spanish). 18 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110619201422/http://www.cronica.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=586301">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Cronica&rft.atitle=600+fosas+en+San+Fernando%2C+dice+el+autor+de+las+matanzas&rft.date=2011-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cronica.com.mx%2Fnota.php%3Fid_nota%3D586301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-torreon600-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-torreon600_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/635136.cae-responsable-de-masacre-masiva-en-san-fern.html">"Cae responsable de masacre masiva en San Fernando"</a>. <i>El Siglo de Torreón</i> (in Spanish). 17 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903212701/http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/635136.cae-responsable-de-masacre-masiva-en-san-fern.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Siglo+de+Torre%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Cae+responsable+de+masacre+masiva+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx%2Fnoticia%2F635136.cae-responsable-de-masacre-masiva-en-san-fern.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/654174.en-san-fernando-hay-fosas-con-500-muertos-mas.html">"En San Fernando hay fosas con 500 muertos más: Wallace"</a>. <i>El Siglo de Torreón</i> (in Spanish). 22 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322101425/http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/654174.en-san-fernando-hay-fosas-con-500-muertos-mas.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Siglo+de+Torre%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=En+San+Fernando+hay+fosas+con+500+muertos+m%C3%A1s%3A+Wallace&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx%2Fnoticia%2F654174.en-san-fernando-hay-fosas-con-500-muertos-mas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=762879">"En San Fernando hay fosas con 500 muertos más: Miranda de Wallace"</a>. <i>Excelsior</i> (in Spanish). 22 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120611084150/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=762879">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Excelsior&rft.atitle=En+San+Fernando+hay+fosas+con+500+muertos+m%C3%A1s%3A+Miranda+de+Wallace&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Findex.php%3Fm%3Dnota%26id_nota%3D762879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808235458/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/434f5cc48739b1e6f2b64e6cf2952f8b">"Presentan a El Kilo, presunto responsable de 217 ejecuciones en San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milenio" title="Milenio">Milenio</a></i> (in Spanish). 17 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/434f5cc48739b1e6f2b64e6cf2952f8b">the original</a> on 8 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milenio&rft.atitle=Presentan+a+El+Kilo%2C+presunto+responsable+de+217+ejecuciones+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milenio.com%2Fcdb%2Fdoc%2Fnoticias2011%2F434f5cc48739b1e6f2b64e6cf2952f8b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kiloinfo-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kiloinfo_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiloinfo_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2011/04/mexico-presents-el-kilo-alleged.html">"Borderland Beat: Mexico presents "El Kilo", alleged mastermind of the 217 executions in San Fernando, Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Borderland_Beat" title="Borderland Beat">Borderland Beat</a></i>. 17 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125121435/http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2011/04/mexico-presents-el-kilo-alleged.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Borderland+Beat&rft.atitle=Borderland+Beat%3A+Mexico+presents+%22El+Kilo%22%2C+alleged+mastermind+of+the+217+executions+in+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borderlandbeat.com%2F2011%2F04%2Fmexico-presents-el-kilo-alleged.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/759844.html">"Presentan a Omar Estrada, El Kilo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 17 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104080721/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/759844.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Presentan+a+Omar+Estrada%2C+El+Kilo&rft.date=2011-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F759844.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Torres, Ruben (18 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2011/04/19/psicopata-lider-zetas-san-fernando">"Psicópata, líder de Los Zetas en San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Economista_(Mexico)" title="El Economista (Mexico)">El Economista</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314030956/http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2011/04/19/psicopata-lider-zetas-san-fernando">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Economista&rft.atitle=Psic%C3%B3pata%2C+l%C3%ADder+de+Los+Zetas+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Ruben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feleconomista.com.mx%2Fseguridad-publica%2F2011%2F04%2F19%2Fpsicopata-lider-zetas-san-fernando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-captura-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-captura_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com/2011/06/17/detenido-responsable-de-matanza-de-72-migrantes-en-mexico.shtml">"Detenido responsable de matanza de 72 migrantes en México"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 17 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204183036/http://www.eluniversal.com/2011/06/17/detenido-responsable-de-matanza-de-72-migrantes-en-mexico.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Detenido+responsable+de+matanza+de+72+migrantes+en+M%C3%A9xico&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com%2F2011%2F06%2F17%2Fdetenido-responsable-de-matanza-de-72-migrantes-en-mexico.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-desertor-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-desertor_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2011-jun-18-la-fg-mexico-arrest-20110618-story.html">"Mexico says leader in kidnapping, killing of 72 migrants arrested"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 18 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305064803/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/18/world/la-fg-mexico-arrest-20110618">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Mexico+says+leader+in+kidnapping%2C+killing+of+72+migrants+arrested&rft.date=2011-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2011-jun-18-la-fg-mexico-arrest-20110618-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlores2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Flores, Xavier (11 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717045822/http://mx.ibtimes.com/articles/14984/20110630/captura-erasmo-lider-zetas-muerte-migrantes-tamaulipas.htm">"Ejército captura a "El Erasmo", líder de Los Zetas relacionado con muerte de migrantes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a></i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mx.ibtimes.com/articles/14984/20110630/captura-erasmo-lider-zetas-muerte-migrantes-tamaulipas.htm">the original</a> on 17 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Ej%C3%A9rcito+captura+a+%22El+Erasmo%22%2C+l%C3%ADder+de+Los+Zetas+relacionado+con+muerte+de+migrantes&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmx.ibtimes.com%2Farticles%2F14984%2F20110630%2Fcaptura-erasmo-lider-zetas-muerte-migrantes-tamaulipas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/759509.html">"Hasta 15 mdp por datos de masacre en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 15 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111161827/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/759509.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Hasta+15+mdp+por+datos+de+masacre+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F759509.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dosprofugos-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dosprofugos_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130219031053/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/188315.html">"PGR: van 82 detenidos por la matanza; aún hay 2 prófugos"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 24 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/188315.html">the original</a> on 19 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=PGR%3A+van+82+detenidos+por+la+matanza%3B+a%C3%BAn+hay+2+pr%C3%B3fugos&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F188315.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2011/288096/6/hay-menores-de-edad-involucrados-en-caso-de-las-fosas-de-san-fernando.htm">"Hay menores de edad involucrados en caso de las fosas de San Fernando"</a>. <i>El Informador</i> (in Spanish). 26 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630051939/http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2011/288096/6/hay-menores-de-edad-involucrados-en-caso-de-las-fosas-de-san-fernando.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Informador&rft.atitle=Hay+menores+de+edad+involucrados+en+caso+de+las+fosas+de+San+Fernando&rft.date=2012-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informador.com.mx%2Fmexico%2F2011%2F288096%2F6%2Fhay-menores-de-edad-involucrados-en-caso-de-las-fosas-de-san-fernando.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.terra.com.mx/mexico/seguridad/quien-es-roman-ricardo-palomo-rincones-alias-el-coyote,1a07b4d44d8ef310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html">"¿Quién es Román Ricardo Palomo Rincones alias "El Coyote"?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Networks">Terra Networks</a></i> (in Spanish). 16 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719051940/http://noticias.terra.com.mx/mexico/seguridad/quien-es-roman-ricardo-palomo-rincones-alias-el-coyote,1a07b4d44d8ef310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Networks&rft.atitle=%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n+es+Rom%C3%A1n+Ricardo+Palomo+Rincones+alias+%22El+Coyote%22%3F&rft.date=2013-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.terra.com.mx%2Fmexico%2Fseguridad%2Fquien-es-roman-ricardo-palomo-rincones-alias-el-coyote%2C1a07b4d44d8ef310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/mexico-2010-massacre-bus-passengers-drug-cartel-06b887ec07d5c0041ca93bc852163ff3">"Mexico convicts 11 cartel gunmen in killings of 122 bus passengers near US border over 2 years"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 22 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Mexico+convicts+11+cartel+gunmen+in+killings+of+122+bus+passengers+near+US+border+over+2+years&rft.date=2024-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmexico-2010-massacre-bus-passengers-drug-cartel-06b887ec07d5c0041ca93bc852163ff3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/759096.html">"Caen 16 policías por masacre de San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 13 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824011107/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/759096.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Caen+16+polic%C3%ADas+por+masacre+de+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F759096.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calderonpoli-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calderonpoli_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calderonpoli_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calderonpoli_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=738291">"Ligan a policías con matanza de migrantes en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%A9lsior" title="Excélsior">Excélsior</a></i> (in Spanish). 20 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822153737/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=738291">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exc%C3%A9lsior&rft.atitle=Ligan+a+polic%C3%ADas+con+matanza+de+migrantes+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Findex.php%3Fm%3Dnota%26id_nota%3D738291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticierostelevisa.esmas.com/nacional/279970/arraigan-16-policias-ligados-matanza-san-fernando">"Arraigan a 16 policías ligados a matanza en San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a></i> (in Spanish). 18 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031940/http://noticierostelevisa.esmas.com/nacional/279970/arraigan-16-policias-ligados-matanza-san-fernando">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Televisa&rft.atitle=Arraigan+a+16+polic%C3%ADas+ligados+a+matanza+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticierostelevisa.esmas.com%2Fnacional%2F279970%2Farraigan-16-policias-ligados-matanza-san-fernando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exodoterra-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exodoterra_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exodoterra_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exodoterra_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exodoterra_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exodoterra_70-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1093619/Vive+exodo+San+Fernando+Tamaulipas+por+violencia+del+narco.htm">"Vive éxodo San Fernando, Tamaulipas, por violencia del narco"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Networks">Terra Networks</a></i> (in Spanish). 20 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917003627/http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1093619/Vive+exodo+San+Fernando+Tamaulipas+por+violencia+del+narco.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Networks&rft.atitle=Vive+%C3%A9xodo+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas%2C+por+violencia+del+narco&rft.date=2011-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra.com.mx%2Fnoticias%2Farticulo%2F1093619%2FVive%2Bexodo%2BSan%2BFernando%2BTamaulipas%2Bpor%2Bviolencia%2Bdel%2Bnarco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmanana.com/diario/noticia/tamaulipas/noticias/vive_exodo_san_fernando/1119145">"Vive éxodo San Fernando"</a>. <i>El Mañana</i> (in Spanish). 20 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Ma%C3%B1ana&rft.atitle=Vive+%C3%A9xodo+San+Fernando&rft.date=2011-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmanana.com%2Fdiario%2Fnoticia%2Ftamaulipas%2Fnoticias%2Fvive_exodo_san_fernando%2F1119145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoytamaulipas.net/notas/32582/Aceptan-exodo-de-familias-de-San-Fernando-Tamaulipas.html">"Aceptan éxodo de familias de San Fernando, Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>Hoy Tamaulipas</i> (in Spanish). 1 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230074237/http://hoytamaulipas.net/notas/32582/Aceptan-exodo-de-familias-de-San-Fernando-Tamaulipas.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hoy+Tamaulipas&rft.atitle=Aceptan+%C3%A9xodo+de+familias+de+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoytamaulipas.net%2Fnotas%2F32582%2FAceptan-exodo-de-familias-de-San-Fernando-Tamaulipas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709192534/http://impreso.milenio.com/node/9093040">"La Sedena instalará otro cuartel en San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milenio" title="Milenio">Milenio</a></i> (in Spanish). 1 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://impreso.milenio.com/node/9093040">the original</a> on 9 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milenio&rft.atitle=La+Sedena+instalar%C3%A1+otro+cuartel+en+San+Fernando&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimpreso.milenio.com%2Fnode%2F9093040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-500llegan-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-500llegan_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-500llegan_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&seccion=&cat=&id_nota=736547">"Al rescate: llegan hoy 500 elementos del Ejército a Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%A9lsior" title="Excélsior">Excélsior</a></i> (in Spanish). 13 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228043059/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Exc%C3%A9lsior&rft.atitle=Al+rescate%3A+llegan+hoy+500+elementos+del+Ej%C3%A9rcito+a+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.excelsior.com.mx%2Findex.php%3Fm%3Dnota%26seccion%3D%26cat%3D%26id_nota%3D736547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elnuevoheraldo.com/articles/retirados-55146-san-asesor.html">"SAN FERNANDO: Contratarán a militares retirados"</a>. <i>El Nuevo Heraldo</i> (in Spanish). 2 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Nuevo+Heraldo&rft.atitle=SAN+FERNANDO%3A+Contratar%C3%A1n+a+militares+retirados&rft.date=2012-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnuevoheraldo.com%2Farticles%2Fretirados-55146-san-asesor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basemilitar-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-basemilitar_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-basemilitar_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-basemilitar_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/llegan650militaresanuevocuartelensanfernandotamaulipas-1197859.html">"Llegan 650 militares a nuevo cuartel en San Fernando, Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i> (in Spanish). 17 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021133/http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/llegan650militaresanuevocuartelensanfernandotamaulipas-1197859.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Llegan+650+militares+a+nuevo+cuartel+en+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardia.com.mx%2Fllegan650militaresanuevocuartelensanfernandotamaulipas-1197859.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milisocial-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-milisocial_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-milisocial_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.univision.com/narcotrafico/reportajes/slideshow/2011-12-21/militares-realizaron-trabajo-social-en">"Militares realizaron trabajo social en San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070142/http://noticias.univision.com/narcotrafico/reportajes/slideshow/2011-12-21/militares-realizaron-trabajo-social-en">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Univision&rft.atitle=Militares+realizaron+trabajo+social+en+San+Fernando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.univision.com%2Fnarcotrafico%2Freportajes%2Fslideshow%2F2011-12-21%2Fmilitares-realizaron-trabajo-social-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrada2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Estrada, Javier (10 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/11/10/100-militares-convertidos-en-policias-cuidan-san-fernando-tamaulipas">"100 militares, convertidos en policías, cuidan San Fernando, Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="CNN en Español">Expansion</a></i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303075914/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/11/10/100-militares-convertidos-en-policias-cuidan-san-fernando-tamaulipas">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=100+militares%2C+convertidos+en+polic%C3%ADas%2C+cuidan+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.aulast=Estrada&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexico.cnn.com%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2F100-militares-convertidos-en-policias-cuidan-san-fernando-tamaulipas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714205048/http://mx.noticias.yahoo.com/llegar%C3%A1n-600-militares-cuartel-san-fernando-tamaulipas-231900752.html">"Llegarán 600 militares a nuevo cuartel de San Fernando, Tamaulipas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a></i> (in Spanish). 17 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mx.noticias.yahoo.com/llegar%C3%A1n-600-militares-cuartel-san-fernando-tamaulipas-231900752.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Llegar%C3%A1n+600+militares+a+nuevo+cuartel+de+San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2012-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmx.noticias.yahoo.com%2Fllegar%25C3%25A1n-600-militares-cuartel-san-fernando-tamaulipas-231900752.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eluniversalregreso-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eluniversalregreso_80-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/807744.html">"San Fernando, Tamaulipas, recobra lentamente su vida"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i> (in Spanish). 10 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111213232721/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/807744.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=San+Fernando%2C+Tamaulipas%2C+recobra+lentamente+su+vida&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F807744.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-silencio-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-silencio_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silencio_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silencio_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silencio_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105163914/http://mx.noticias.yahoo.com/silencio-manto-cubre-san-fernando-060352666.html">"El silencio, un manto que cubre a San Fernando"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a></i> (in Spanish). 22 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mx.noticias.yahoo.com/silencio-manto-cubre-san-fernando-060352666.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=El+silencio%2C+un+manto+que+cubre+a+San+Fernando&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmx.noticias.yahoo.com%2Fsilencio-manto-cubre-san-fernando-060352666.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bailes-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bailes_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bailes_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bailes_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bailes_82-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bailes_82-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Torres, Alberto (21 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/194129.html">"El silencio, un manto que envuelve a San Fernando"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224011127/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/194129.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=El+silencio%2C+un+manto+que+envuelve+a+San+Fernando&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F194129.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.univision.com/mexico/noticias/article/2012-02-29/destacan-avances-de-seguridad-carreteras-tamaulipas-mexico#axzz1oyIwx7m1">"Destacan avances de seguridad en carreteras de Tamaulipas, México"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></i> (in Spanish). 29 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426195002/http://noticias.univision.com/mexico/noticias/article/2012-02-29/destacan-avances-de-seguridad-carreteras-tamaulipas-mexico#axzz1oyIwx7m1">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Univision&rft.atitle=Destacan+avances+de+seguridad+en+carreteras+de+Tamaulipas%2C+M%C3%A9xico&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.univision.com%2Fmexico%2Fnoticias%2Farticle%2F2012-02-29%2Fdestacan-avances-de-seguridad-carreteras-tamaulipas-mexico%23axzz1oyIwx7m1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaniguchi" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Taniguchi, Hanako. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/04/03/la-mayoria-de-los-cadaveres-de-san-fernando-siguen-sin-ser-identificados">"La mayoría de los cadáveres de San Fernando siguen sin ser identificados"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403215648/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2012/04/03/la-mayoria-de-los-cadaveres-de-san-fernando-siguen-sin-ser-identificados">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=La+mayor%C3%ADa+de+los+cad%C3%A1veres+de+San+Fernando+siguen+sin+ser+identificados&rft.aulast=Taniguchi&rft.aufirst=Hanako&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexico.cnn.com%2Fnacional%2F2012%2F04%2F03%2Fla-mayoria-de-los-cadaveres-de-san-fernando-siguen-sin-ser-identificados&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.univision.com/mexico/noticias/article/2010-08-25/hallan-72-cadaveres-en-tamaulipas#axzz1ofr6m4DV">"Los 72 cadáveres encontrados en México pueden ser de indocumentados"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></i> (in Spanish). 25 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112023150/http://noticias.univision.com/mexico/noticias/article/2010-08-25/hallan-72-cadaveres-en-tamaulipas#axzz1ofr6m4DV">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Univision&rft.atitle=Los+72+cad%C3%A1veres+encontrados+en+M%C3%A9xico+pueden+ser+de+indocumentados&rft.date=2010-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.univision.com%2Fmexico%2Fnoticias%2Farticle%2F2010-08-25%2Fhallan-72-cadaveres-en-tamaulipas%23axzz1ofr6m4DV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckerman2010" class="citation news cs1">Tuckerman, Jo (29 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/29/leading-politician-rodolfo-torre-cantu-murdered-mexico">"Leading politician Rodolfo Torre Cantú murdered in Mexico"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120801085509/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jun/29/leading-politician-rodolfo-torre-cantu-murdered-mexico">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Leading+politician+Rodolfo+Torre+Cant%C3%BA+murdered+in+Mexico&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft.aulast=Tuckerman&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fjun%2F29%2Fleading-politician-rodolfo-torre-cantu-murdered-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2010/08/30/ocho-presidentes-municipales-de-mexico-han-muerto-asesinados-en-2010">"Ocho presidentes municipales de México han muerto asesinados en 2010"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 30 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306014658/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2010/08/30/ocho-presidentes-municipales-de-mexico-han-muerto-asesinados-en-2010">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=Ocho+presidentes+municipales+de+M%C3%A9xico+han+muerto+asesinados+en+2010&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexico.cnn.com%2Fnacional%2F2010%2F08%2F30%2Focho-presidentes-municipales-de-mexico-han-muerto-asesinados-en-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101233449/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/07/15/mas-de-400-reos-se-fugaron-de-carceles-de-tamaulipas-en-14-meses">"Más de 400 reos se fugaron de cárceles de Tamaulipas en 14 meses"</a>. <i>Expansion</i> (in Spanish). 15 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/07/15/mas-de-400-reos-se-fugaron-de-carceles-de-tamaulipas-en-14-meses">the original</a> on 1 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expansion&rft.atitle=M%C3%A1s+de+400+reos+se+fugaron+de+c%C3%A1rceles+de+Tamaulipas+en+14+meses&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexico.cnn.com%2Fnacional%2F2011%2F07%2F15%2Fmas-de-400-reos-se-fugaron-de-carceles-de-tamaulipas-en-14-meses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912050354/http://www.themonitor.com/articles/escalation-44520-likely-tamaulipas.html">"Tamaulipas drug violence likely to continue escalation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monitor_(Texas)" title="The Monitor (Texas)">The Monitor</a></i>. 10 November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themonitor.com/articles/escalation-44520-likely-tamaulipas.html">the original</a> on 12 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monitor&rft.atitle=Tamaulipas+drug+violence+likely+to+continue+escalation&rft.date=2010-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themonitor.com%2Farticles%2Fescalation-44520-likely-tamaulipas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/178728.html">"Narcopolítica en Tamaulipas"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 29 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205093132/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/178728.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Narcopol%C3%ADtica+en+Tamaulipas&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnacion%2F178728.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/04/110413_mexico_tamaulipas_estado_fallido_an.shtml">"Tamaulipas, ¿en camino de convertirse en un estado fallido?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i> (in Spanish). 13 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110416111147/http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/04/110413_mexico_tamaulipas_estado_fallido_an.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tamaulipas%2C+%C2%BFen+camino+de+convertirse+en+un+estado+fallido%3F&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias%2F2011%2F04%2F110413_mexico_tamaulipas_estado_fallido_an.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/674199.html">"México no es un Estado fallido, dice experto"</a>. <i>El Universal</i> (in Spanish). 20 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423160517/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/674199.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=M%C3%A9xico+no+es+un+Estado+fallido%2C+dice+experto&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F674199.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2011+San+Fernando+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/graficos/graficosanimados11/EU_snfernando/index.html">Testimonios sobre San Fernando</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)" title="El Universal (Mexico City)">El Universal</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/18621268">Mexico's drug war: Shallow graves, deepening alarm</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/mass-graves-in-mexico-reveal-new-levels-of-savagery/2011/04/23/AFPoasbE_story.html">Mass graves in Mexico reveal new levels of savagery</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/tamaulipashueleamiedodanrespiroasanfernando-1227699.html">Tamaulipas huele a miedo, dan respiro a San Fernando</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vanguardia" title="La Vanguardia">La Vanguardia</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/06/07/tamaulipas-entregan-solo-12-de-los-193-cadaveres-a-familiares">Tamaulipas: entregan sólo 12 de los 193 cadáveres a familiares</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="CNN en Español">Expansion</a></i></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2011_San_Fernando_massacre&params=24_50_51_N_98_09_30_W_region:MX_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°50′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">98°09′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.84750°N 98.15833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.84750; -98.15833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mexican_drug_war_(2006–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_Drug_War" title="Template:Mexican Drug War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mexican_Drug_War" title="Template talk:Mexican Drug War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican_Drug_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican Drug War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mexican_drug_war_(2006–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war (2006–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Names in <i>italics</i> represent dead or arrested individuals.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;"><div id="Timeline"><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mexican_drug_war" title="Timeline of the Mexican drug war">Timeline</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Federal_forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Armed_Forces" title="Mexican Armed Forces">Federal forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexican Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexican Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerpo_de_Fuerzas_Especiales" title="Cuerpo de Fuerzas Especiales">Fuerzas Especiales (special forces)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Federal_Ministerial" class="mw-redirect" title="Policía Federal Ministerial">Policía Federal Ministerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEIDO" title="SEIDO">SEIDO (organized crime investigation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Federal Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">National Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Beltrán-Leyva_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beltr%C3%A1n-Leyva_Organization" title="Beltrán-Leyva Organization">Beltrán-Leyva Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="disbanded_2010">disbanded 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Mazatlecos" title="Los Mazatlecos">Los Mazatlecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Cartel" title="South Pacific Cartel">South Pacific Cartel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Arturo Beltrán Leyva">Arturo Beltrán Leyva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Alfredo Beltrán Leyva">Alfredo Beltrán Leyva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Carlos Beltrán Leyva">Carlos Beltrán Leyva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Valdez_Villarreal" title="Edgar Valdez Villarreal">Edgar Valdez Villarreal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Villarreal_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Sergio Villarreal Barragán">Sergio Villarreal Barragán</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Héctor Beltrán Leyva">Héctor Beltrán Leyva</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Héctor Beltrán Leyva">Héctor Beltrán Leyva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Isidro_Meza_Flores" title="Fausto Isidro Meza Flores">Fausto Isidro Meza Flores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="La_Familia_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana" title="La Familia Michoacana">La Familia Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founders" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nazario_Moreno_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Nazario Moreno González">Nazario Moreno González</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Rosales_Mendoza" title="Carlos Rosales Mendoza">Carlos Rosales Mendoza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Rueda_Medina" title="Arnoldo Rueda Medina">Arnoldo Rueda Medina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Loya_Plancarte" title="Dionisio Loya Plancarte">Dionisio Loya Plancarte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cede%C3%B1o_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Rafael Cedeño Hernández">Rafael Cedeño Hernández</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Espinoza_Barr%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Espinoza Barrón">Alberto Espinoza Barrón</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Plancarte_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Enrique Plancarte Solís">Enrique Plancarte Solís</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_M%C3%A9ndez_Vargas" title="José de Jesús Méndez Vargas">José de Jesús Méndez Vargas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Servando_G%C3%B3mez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Servando Gómez Martínez">Servando Gómez Martínez</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gulf_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Metros" title="Los Metros">Los Metros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rojos" title="Los Rojos">Los Rojos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Nepomuceno_Guerra" title="Juan Nepomuceno Guerra">Juan Nepomuceno Guerra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_Abrego" title="Juan García Abrego">Juan García Abrego</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Malherbe_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Óscar Malherbe de León">Óscar Malherbe de León</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osiel_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Osiel Cárdenas Guillén">Osiel Cárdenas Guillén</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Antonio Cárdenas Guillén">Antonio Cárdenas Guillén</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eduardo_Costilla_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez">Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_Ram%C3%ADrez_Trevi%C3%B1o" title="Mario Ramírez Treviño">Mario Ramírez Treviño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homero_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Homero Cárdenas Guillén">Homero Cárdenas Guillén</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Juárez_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_Cartel" title="Juárez Cartel">Juárez Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_(gang)" title="La Línea (gang)">La Línea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Aguilar_Guajardo" title="Rafael Aguilar Guajardo">Rafael Aguilar Guajardo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Acosta_Villarreal" title="Pablo Acosta Villarreal">Pablo Acosta Villarreal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amado_Carrillo_Fuentes" title="Amado Carrillo Fuentes">Amado Carrillo Fuentes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Carrillo_Fuentes" title="Vicente Carrillo Fuentes">Vicente Carrillo Fuentes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Ledezma" title="Juan Pablo Ledezma">Juan Pablo Ledezma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Knights_Templar_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_Cartel" title="Knights Templar Cartel">Knights Templar Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Resistencia_(gang)" title="La Resistencia (gang)">La Resistencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Plancarte_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Enrique Plancarte Solís">Enrique Plancarte Solís</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Servando_G%C3%B3mez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Servando Gómez Martínez">Servando Gómez Martínez</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Plancarte_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Enrique Plancarte Solís">Enrique Plancarte Solís</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Servando_G%C3%B3mez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Servando Gómez Martínez">Servando Gómez Martínez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nazario_Moreno_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Nazario Moreno González">Nazario Moreno González</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sinaloa_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gente_Nueva" title="Gente Nueva">Gente Nueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_%C3%81ntrax" title="Los Ántrax">Los Ántrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistas_Asesinos" title="Artistas Asesinos">Artistas Asesinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Luis_Palma_Salazar" title="Héctor Luis Palma Salazar">Héctor Luis Palma Salazar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_G%C3%B3mez_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Adrián Gómez González">Adrián Gómez González</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán"><i>Joaquín Guzmán Loera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Zambada_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismael Zambada García">Ismael Zambada García</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán"><i>Joaquín Guzmán Loera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Zambada_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismael Zambada García">Ismael Zambada García</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Esparragoza_Moreno" title="Juan José Esparragoza Moreno">Juan José Esparragoza Moreno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Coronel_Villarreal" title="Ignacio Coronel Villarreal">Ignacio Coronel Villarreal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tijuana_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cartel" title="Tijuana Cartel">Tijuana Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Ramón Arellano Félix">Ramón Arellano Félix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Benjamín Arellano Félix">Benjamín Arellano Félix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rafael_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Francisco Rafael Arellano Félix">Francisco Rafael Arellano Félix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Carlos Arellano Félix">Carlos Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Eduardo Arellano Félix">Eduardo Arellano Félix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Francisco Javier Arellano Félix">Francisco Javier Arellano Félix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enedina_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Enedina Arellano Félix">Enedina Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fernando_S%C3%A1nchez_Arellano" title="Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano">Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Leyva_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Edgardo Leyva Escandón">Edgardo Leyva Escandón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Los_Zetas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas">Los Zetas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Guzm%C3%A1n_Decena" title="Arturo Guzmán Decena">Arturo Guzmán Decena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Jaime González Durán">Jaime González Durán</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Enrique_Rej%C3%B3n_Aguilar" title="Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar">Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano_Lazcano" title="Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galindo_Mellado_Cruz" title="Galindo Mellado Cruz">Galindo Mellado Cruz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano_Lazcano" title="Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Miguel Treviño Morales">Miguel Treviño Morales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omar_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Omar Treviño Morales">Omar Treviño Morales</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Oseguera_Cervantes" title="Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes">Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rick_Valencia_Salazar" title="Érick Valencia Salazar">Érick Valencia Salazar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abigael_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Abigael González Valencia">Abigael González Valencia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Arzola_Ortega" title="Martín Arzola Ortega">Martín Arzola Ortega</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Oseguera_Cervantes" title="Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes">Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Mendoza_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas">Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rick_Valencia_Salazar" title="Érick Valencia Salazar">Érick Valencia Salazar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Arzola_Ortega" title="Martín Arzola Ortega">Martín Arzola Ortega</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Oseguera_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Rubén Oseguera González">Rubén Oseguera González</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abigael_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Abigael González Valencia">Abigael González Valencia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Oseguera_Cervantes" title="Antonio Oseguera Cervantes">Antonio Oseguera Cervantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Elvis González Valencia">Elvis González Valencia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julio_Alberto_Castillo_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez">Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Gerardo González Valencia">Gerardo González Valencia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="José González Valencia">José González Valencia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Rosalinda González Valencia">Rosalinda González Valencia</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cartels_and_drug_lordsCorrupt_officials" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Other cartels and drug lords</li><li>Corrupt officials</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cartels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Cartel_of_Acapulco" title="Independent Cartel of Acapulco">Independent Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborca_Cartel" title="Caborca Cartel">Caborca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colima_Cartel" title="Colima Cartel">Colima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_Cartel" title="Guadalajara Cartel">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Negros" title="Los Negros">Los Negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rojos_Cartel" title="Los Rojos Cartel">Los Rojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Viagras" title="Los Viagras">Los Viagras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Cartel" title="Milenio Cartel">Milenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1rtel_del_Noreste" title="Cártel del Noreste">Noreste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Plaza_Cartel" title="Nueva Plaza Cartel">Nueva Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_Cartel" title="Oaxaca Cartel">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_de_Lima_Cartel" title="Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel">Santa Rosa de Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora_Cartel" title="Sonora Cartel">Sonora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early drug lords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_F%C3%A9lix_Gallardo" title="Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo">Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caro_Quintero" title="Rafael Caro Quintero">Rafael Caro Quintero</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Fonseca_Carrillo" title="Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo">Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Luis_Palma_Salazar" title="Héctor Luis Palma Salazar">Héctor Luis Palma Salazar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Amezcua_Contreras" title="Jesús Amezcua Contreras">Jesús Amezcua Contreras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Avil%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez" title="Pedro Avilés Pérez">Pedro Avilés Pérez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Nepomuceno_Guerra" title="Juan Nepomuceno Guerra">Juan Nepomuceno Guerra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%81brego" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan García Ábrego">Juan García Ábrego</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corrupt officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Nazar_Haro" title="Miguel Nazar Haro">Miguel Nazar Haro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Rebollo" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo">José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Durazo_Moreno" title="Arturo Durazo Moreno">Arturo Durazo Moreno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No%C3%A9_Ram%C3%ADrez_Mandujano" title="Noé Ramírez Mandujano">Noé Ramírez Mandujano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Salinas_de_Gortari" title="Raúl Salinas de Gortari">Raúl Salinas de Gortari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Godoy_Toscano" title="Julio César Godoy Toscano">Julio César Godoy Toscano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Yarrington" title="Tomás Yarrington">Tomás Yarrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ProjectsOperations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Projects</li><li>Operations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana#Project_Coronado" title="La Familia Michoacana"><i>Coronado</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana#Project_Delirium" title="La Familia Michoacana"><i>Delirium</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gunrunner" title="Project Gunrunner"><i>Gunrunner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Shadowfire" title="Project Shadowfire"><i>Shadowfire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Southern_Tempest" title="Project Southern Tempest"><i>Southern Tempest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Wildfire" title="Project Wildfire"><i>Wildfire</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baja_California" title="Operation Baja California"><i>Baja California</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bishop" title="Operation Bishop"><i>Bishop</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Swan" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Black Swan"><i>Black Swan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Storm" title="Operation Blue Storm"><i>Blue Storm</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chihuahua" title="Operation Chihuahua"><i>Chihuahua</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Community_Shield_(2005-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Community Shield (2005-present)"><i>Community Shield</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Coyote" title="Operation Coyote"><i>Coyote</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Diablo_Express" title="Operation Diablo Express"><i>Diablo Express</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Escorpi%C3%B3n" title="Operación Escorpión"><i>Escorpión</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal#2009–2011:_Operation_Fast_and_Furious" title="ATF gunwalking scandal"><i>Fast and Furious</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start"><i>Jump Start</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kruz_Control" title="Operation Kruz Control"><i>Kruz Control</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Lince_Norte" title="Operación Lince Norte"><i>Lince Norte</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Operation Michoacán"><i>Michoacán</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Operation_Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n-Tamaulipas" title="Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas"><i>Nuevo León-Tamaulipas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)"><i>Phalanx</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Quintana_Roo" title="Operation Quintana Roo"><i>Quintana Roo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinaloa" title="Operation Sinaloa"><i>Sinaloa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solare" title="Operation Solare"><i>Solare</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Terminus" title="Operation Terminus"><i>Terminus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal#2006–2008:_Operation_Wide_Receiver_and_other_probes" title="ATF gunwalking scandal"><i>Wide Receiver</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Xcellerator" title="Operation Xcellerator"><i>Xcellerator</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="MassacresDeaths" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Massacres</li><li>Deaths</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Mexico" title="List of massacres in Mexico">Massacres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_rehab_center_attack" title="Ciudad Juárez rehab center attack">Juárez rehab center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villas_de_Salv%C3%A1rcar_massacre" title="Villas de Salvárcar massacre">Villas de Salvárcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Chihuahua_shootings" title="2010 Chihuahua shootings">Chihuauha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n_mass_graves" title="Nuevo León mass graves">Nuevo León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrero_mass_graves" title="Guerrero mass graves">Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">2010 San Fernando</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2011 San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Durango_massacres" title="2011 Durango massacres">2011 Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_mass_graves" title="Coahuila mass graves">Coahuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Monterrey_casino_attack" title="2011 Monterrey casino attack">2011 Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_prison_brawl" title="Altamira prison brawl">Altamira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodaca_prison_riot" title="Apodaca prison riot">Apodaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nuevo_Laredo_massacres" title="2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres">2012 Nuevo Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadereyta_Jim%C3%A9nez_massacre" title="Cadereyta Jiménez massacre">Cadereyta Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Iguala_mass_kidnapping" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Iguala mass kidnapping">2014 Iguala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_del_Oeste_ambush" title="2015 San Sebastián del Oeste ambush">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_Chico_prison_riot" title="Topo Chico prison riot">Topo Chico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_nightclub_shooting" title="Salamanca nightclub shooting">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatitl%C3%A1n_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Minatitlán shooting">Minatitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruapan_massacre" title="Uruapan massacre">Uruapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos_nightclub_fire" title="Coatzacoalcos nightclub fire">Coatzacoalcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeBar%C3%B3n_and_Langford_families_massacre" title="LeBarón and Langford families massacre">LeBarón & Langford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cieneguillas_prison_riots" title="Cieneguillas prison riots">Cieneguillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irapuato_massacres" title="Irapuato massacres">Irapuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camargo_massacre" title="Camargo massacre">Camargo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coatepec_Harinas_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coatepec Harinas attack (page does not exist)">Coatepec Harinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Tinajas_massacre" title="Las Tinajas massacre">Las Tinajas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaya_massacre" title="Celaya massacre">Celaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_prison_attack" title="2023 Ciudad Juárez prison attack">Juárez prison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_Mexican_drug_war" title="List of politicians killed in the Mexican drug war">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_and_media_workers_killed_in_Mexico" title="List of journalists and media workers killed in Mexico">Journalists and media workers killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Camarena" title="Kiki Camarena"><i>Enrique Camarena</i> (DEA agent)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Torre_Cant%C3%BA" title="Rodolfo Torre Cantú"><i>Rodolfo Torre Cantú</i> (physician / politician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dgar_Eusebio_Mill%C3%A1n_G%C3%B3mez" title="Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez"><i>Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez</i> (police commander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Zapata" title="Jaime Zapata"><i>Jaime Jorge Zapata</i> (US agent)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="BooksOther_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Books</li><li>Other topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel:_The_Coming_Invasion_of_Mexico%27s_Drug_Wars" title="Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars">Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Narco:_Inside_Mexico%27s_Criminal_Insurgency" title="El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency">El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fight_to_Save_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="The Fight to Save Juárez">The Fight to Save Juárez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of CIA drug trafficking">Allegations of CIA drug trafficking</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blog_del_Narco" title="Blog del Narco">Blog del Narco</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_house_of_death" title="Juárez house of death">Juárez house of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexico%27s_37_most-wanted_drug_lords" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords">Most-wanted Mexican drug lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_on_Falcon_Lake" title="Piracy on Falcon Lake">Piracy on Falcon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco-submarine" title="Narco-submarine">Narco-submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco_tank" title="Narco tank">Narco tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_of_Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n_(2001%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2014)">Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Amado_checkpoint_protest" title="2015 Amado checkpoint protest">2015 Amado checkpoint protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Chimney_Canyon_shootout" title="2018 Chimney Canyon shootout">2018 Chimney Canyon shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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