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Peter Grünberg – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Grünberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 73 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="بيتر غرونبيرغ – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيتر غرونبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="پتر گرونبرگ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پتر گرونبرگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="পিটার গ্রুনবার্গ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিটার গ্রুনবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петэр Грунберг – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Петэр Грунберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Грюнберг – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Петер Грюнберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="پتر گرونبرگ – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتر گرونبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A5%80%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="페터 그륀베르크 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페터 그륀베르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Պետեր Գրունբերգ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետեր Գրունբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="पीटर ग्रूनबर्ग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीटर ग्रूनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Andreas Grünberg – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Peter Andreas Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Andreas Grünberg – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Peter Andreas Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="פטר גרינברג – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטר גרינברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="პეტერ გრიუნბერგი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პეტერ გრიუნბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Petrus Grünberg – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters_Gr%C4%ABnbergs" title="Peters Grīnbergs – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Peters Grīnbergs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Гринберг – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Петер Гринберг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="पीटर ग्रुनबर्ग – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पीटर ग्रुनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="بيتر جرونبيرج – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيتر جرونبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="پتر گرونبرگ – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پتر گرونبرگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="ペーター・グリューンベルク – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペーター・グリューンベルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Andreas Grünberg – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Peter Andreas Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="پیٹر گرنبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیٹر گرنبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грюнберг, Петер – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грюнберг, Петер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gruenberg" title="Peter Gruenberg – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Peter Gruenberg" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="پیتەر گرونبێرگ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیتەر گرونبێرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Гринберг – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Петер Гринберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="பீட்டர் குருன்பெர்க் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பீட்டர் குருன்பெர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Грүнберг – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Петер Грүнберг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="เพเทอร์ กรืนแบร์ค – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพเทอร์ กรืนแบร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Грюнберг – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Петер Грюнберг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Грюнберг – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Петер Грюнберг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="پیٹر گرون برک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیٹر گرون برک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Peter Grünberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC" title="彼得·格林贝格 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Peter Grünberg</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg/166px-Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg/248px-Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg/331px-Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Niemcy" title="Niemcy">Niemcy</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i&#160;miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">18 maja 1939</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Pilzno" title="Pilzno">Pilzno</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i&#160;miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">7 kwietnia 2018</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BClich" title="Jülich">Jülich</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: <a href="/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka">fizyka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizyki" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Wolfa" title="Nagroda Wolfa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/30px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/45px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/60px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="551" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Wolfa" title="Nagroda Wolfa">Nagroda Wolfa</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Japo%C5%84ska" title="Nagroda Japońska"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Japan_Prize_logo.svg/30px-Japan_Prize_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Japan_Prize_logo.svg/45px-Japan_Prize_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Japan_Prize_logo.svg/60px-Japan_Prize_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="205" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Japo%C5%84ska" title="Nagroda Japońska">Nagroda Japońska</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Peter Grünberg">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Wikicytaty"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" class="extiw" title="q:Peter Grünberg">Cytaty w Wikicytatach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Andreas Grünberg</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/18_maja" title="18 maja">18 maja</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> w <a href="/wiki/Pilzno" title="Pilzno">Pilźnie</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/7_kwietnia" title="7 kwietnia">7 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a> w <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BClich" title="Jülich">Jülich</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>) – <a href="/wiki/Niemcy_(nar%C3%B3d)" title="Niemcy (naród)">niemiecki</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizyk" title="Fizyk">fizyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">noblista</a>. Współodkrywca efektu <a href="/wiki/Gigantyczny_magnetoop%C3%B3r" title="Gigantyczny magnetoopór">gigantycznego magnetooporu</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>, dzięki któremu możliwa stała się miniaturyzacja <a href="/wiki/Dysk_twardy" title="Dysk twardy">dysków twardych</a><sup id="cite_ref-wyborcza.pl_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wyborcza.pl-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studia pierwszego stopnia ukończył w 1962 na <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Johanna_Wolfganga_Goethego_we_Frankfurcie_nad_Menem" title="Uniwersytet Johanna Wolfganga Goethego we Frankfurcie nad Menem">Uniwersytecie we Frankfurcie nad Menem</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. Magisterium otrzymał w 1966 na <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. Doktorat obronił na tej samej uczelni w 1969<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. Od 1972 do przejścia na emeryturę w 2004 był pracownikiem badawczym w Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. Za dokonane odkrycie w 2007 wraz z <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albertem Fertem</a> roku otrzymał <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizyki" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki">Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afp.com/en/news/206/german-physics-nobel-laureate-peter-gruenberg-dead-78-doc-13u9br1">German physics Nobel laureate Peter Gruenberg dead at 78</a> AFP.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_2-5">f</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Grunberg"><i>Peter Grünberg</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2018-04-13]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft.gengre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Peter+Gr%C3%BCnberg&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPeter-Grunberg" style="display:none">&#160;</span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wyborcza.pl-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wyborcza.pl_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Piotr Cieśliński&#58;&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wyborcza.pl/7,75400,23263600,zmarl-peter-grunberg-ktorego-odkrycie-zmienilo-nasza-cywilizacje.html">Zmarł Peter Grünberg, którego odkrycie zmieniło naszą cywilizację</a>.&#32;wyborcza.pl.&#32;[dostęp 2018-04-13].&#32;<span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/grunberg/facts/">The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 &gt; Peter Grünberg</a>.&#32;The Nobel Foundation.&#32;[dostęp 2014-01-20].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" 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.opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Fizyka" title="Szablon:Nobel Fizyka"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Fizyka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Fizyka (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Fizyka&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizyki" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">M. Curie</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Rayleigh</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Michelson</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">von Laue</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.H. Bragg</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Millikan</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Raman</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Blackett</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.D. Lee</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Pawie%C5%82_Czerenkow" title="Pawieł Czerenkow">Czerenkow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer" title="Rudolf Mößbauer">Mössbauer</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Lew_Landau" title="Lew Landau">Landau</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Basow" title="Nikołaj Basow">Basow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prochorow" title="Aleksandr Prochorow">Prochorow</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin’ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mottelson" title="Benjamin Mottelson">Mottelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ting" title="Samuel Ting">Ting</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">van Vleck</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Kapica" title="Piotr Kapica">Kapica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Penzias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_M._Siegbahn" title="Kai M. Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_F._Ramsey" title="Norman F. Ramsey">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_I._Friedman" title="Jerome I. Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kendall" title="Henry Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph H. Taylor Jr.">Taylor</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Perl" title="Martin Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/David_M._Lee" title="David M. Lee">D. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Osheroff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Richardson" title="Robert C. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_D._Phillips" title="William D. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerardus ’t Hooft">'t Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J.G._Veltman" title="Martinus J.G. Veltman">Veltman</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBores_A%C5%82fiorow" title="Żores Ałfiorow">Ałfiorow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis" title="Raymond Davis">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Aleksiej_Abrikosow" title="Aleksiej Abrikosow">Abrikosow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witalij_Ginzburg" title="Witalij Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._David_Politzer" title="H. David Politzer">Politzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Smoot" title="George F. Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grünberg</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Maskawa</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Andriej_Gejm" title="Andriej Gejm">Gejm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Nowosio%C5%82ow" title="Konstantin Nowosiołow">Nowosiołow</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABji_Nakamura" title="Shūji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">L’Huillier</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nagroda_Wolfa_Fizyka" title="Szablon:Nagroda Wolfa Fizyka"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nagroda_Wolfa_Fizyka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nagroda Wolfa Fizyka (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nagroda_Wolfa_Fizyka&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Wolfa" title="Nagroda Wolfa">Nagrody Wolfa</a> w dziedzinie fizyki</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Eugene Uhlenbeck</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Occhialini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Occhialini (strona nie istnieje)">Giuseppe Occhialini</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_E._Fisher&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael E. Fisher (strona nie istnieje)">Michael E. Fisher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_P._Kadanoff&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo P. Kadanoff (strona nie istnieje)">Leo P. Kadanoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Kenneth G. Wilson</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman J. Dyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerardus ’t Hooft">Gerardus ’t Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Perl" title="Martin Perl">Martin Perl</a></li> <li>1983/1984: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_L._Hahn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin L. Hahn (strona nie istnieje)">Erwin L. Hahn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_B._Hirsch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter B. Hirsch (strona nie istnieje)">Peter B. Hirsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Maiman" title="Theodore Maiman">Theodore H. Maiman</a></li> <li>1984/1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conyers_Herring&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Conyers Herring (strona nie istnieje)">Conyers Herring</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Nozieres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Nozieres (strona nie istnieje)">Philippe Nozieres</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Jay_Feigenbaum" title="Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum">Mitchell J. Feigenbaum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_J._Libchaber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert J. Libchaber (strona nie istnieje)">Albert J. Libchaber</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Friedman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Friedman (strona nie istnieje)">Herbert Friedman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_B._Rossi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno B. Rossi (strona nie istnieje)">Bruno B. Rossi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li>1989: <i>nie przyznano</i></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">David J. Thouless</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentine_L._Telegdi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentine L. Telegdi (strona nie istnieje)">Valentine L. Telegdi</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph H. Taylor Jr.">Joseph H. Taylor Jr.</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrot" title="Benoît Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a></li> <li>1994/1995: <a href="/wiki/Witalij_Ginzburg" title="Witalij Ginzburg">Witalij Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></li> <li>1995/1996: <i>nie przyznano</i></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Jakir_Aharonow" title="Jakir Aharonow">Jakir Aharonow</a>, sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(fizyk)" title="Michael Berry (fizyk)">Michael V. Berry</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Szechtman" title="Dan Szechtman">Dan Szechtman</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis" title="Raymond Davis">Raymond Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <i>nie przyznano</i></li> <li>2002/3: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_I._Halperin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertrand I. Halperin (strona nie istnieje)">Bertrand I. Halperin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony J. Leggett</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Brout&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Brout (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Brout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Francois Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter W. Higgs</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kleppner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Kleppner (strona nie istnieje)">Daniel Kleppner</a></li> <li>2006/2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Grünberg</a></li> <li>2008/2009: <i>nie przyznano</i></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">John Clauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Anton Zeilinger</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_Haider&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilian Haider (strona nie istnieje)">Maximilian Haider</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harald_Rose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harald Rose (strona nie istnieje)">Harald Rose</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knut_Urban&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Knut Urban (strona nie istnieje)">Knut Urban</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Ja%E2%80%99akow_Bekenstein" title="Ja’akow Bekenstein">Ja’akow Bekenstein</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Cirac&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignacio Cirac (strona nie istnieje)">Ignacio Cirac</a></li> <li>2014: <i>nie przyznano</i></li> <li>2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_D._Bjorken&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James D. Bjorken (strona nie istnieje)">James D. Bjorken</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Kirshner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Kirshner (strona nie istnieje)">Robert P. Kirshner</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Imry&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Imry (strona nie istnieje)">Josef Imry</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Didier Queloz</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Bennett">Charles Henry Bennett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilles_Brassard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilles Brassard (strona nie istnieje)">Gilles Brassard</a></li> <li>2019: <i>nie przyznano</i></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Rafi_Bistritzer" title="Rafi Bistritzer">Rafi Bistritzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Jarillo-Herrero" title="Pablo Jarillo-Herrero">Pablo Jarillo-Herrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_MacDonald" title="Allan MacDonald">Allan MacDonald</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Corkum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Corkum (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Corkum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">Anne L’Huillier</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Wolf_prize_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/80px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/120px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/160px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="551" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Nagrody_Japo%C5%84skiej" title="Szablon:Laureaci Nagrody Japońskiej"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Nagrody_Japo%C5%84skiej&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Nagrody Japońskiej (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Nagrody_Japo%C5%84skiej&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Japo%C5%84ska" title="Nagroda Japońska">Nagrody Japońskiej</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1985: <a href="/wiki/John_R._Pierce" title="John R. Pierce">John R. Pierce</a> i <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Kacir" title="Efraim Kacir">Ephraim Katchalski</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Turnbull_(naukowiec)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Turnbull (naukowiec) (strona nie istnieje)">David Turnbull</a> i <a href="/wiki/Willem_J._Kolff" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem J. Kolff">Willem J. Kolff</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Beachell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry M. Beachell (strona nie istnieje)">Henry M. Beachell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurdev_S._Khush&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurdev S. Khush (strona nie istnieje)">Gurdev S. Khush</a> i <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Maiman" title="Theodore Maiman">Theodore H. Maiman</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Vendryes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Vendryes (strona nie istnieje)">Georges Vendryes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_A._Henderson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald A. Henderson (strona nie istnieje)">Donald A. Henderson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isao_Arita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Isao Arita (strona nie istnieje)">Isao Arita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Fenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> i <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gallo" title="Robert Gallo">Robert C. Gallo</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elias_Corey" title="Elias Corey">Elias James Corey</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jason_Morgan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Jason Morgan (strona nie istnieje)">William Jason Morgan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Peter_Mckenzie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Peter Mckenzie (strona nie istnieje)">Dan Peter Mckenzie</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Le_Pichon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier Le Pichon (strona nie istnieje)">Xavier Le Pichon</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_-_Louis_Lions&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques - Louis Lions (strona nie istnieje)">Jacques - Louis Lions</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Julian_Wild&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Julian Wild (strona nie istnieje)">John Julian Wild</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_John_Christopher_Polge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest John Christopher Polge (strona nie istnieje)">Ernest John Christopher Polge</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Press (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Press</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary B. Mullis</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/William_Pickering" title="William Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak_Jr." title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_F._Knipling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward F. Knipling (strona nie istnieje)">Edward F. Knipling</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masao_Ito&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masao Ito (strona nie istnieje)">Masao Ito</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takashi_Sugimura&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Takashi Sugimura (strona nie istnieje)">Takashi Sugimura</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_N._Ames&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce N. Ames (strona nie istnieje)">Bruce N. Ames</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_F._Engelberger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph F. Engelberger (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph F. Engelberger</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiroyuki_Yoshikawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiroyuki Yoshikawa (strona nie istnieje)">Hiroyuki Yoshikawa</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_S._Schell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jozef S. Schell (strona nie istnieje)">Jozef S. Schell</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_C._E._Van_Montagu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc C. E. Van Montagu (strona nie istnieje)">Marc C. E. Van Montagu</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._Wesley_Peterson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="W. Wesley Peterson (strona nie istnieje)">W. Wesley Peterson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_L._Strominger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack L. Strominger (strona nie istnieje)">Jack L. Strominger</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_C._Wiley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Don C. Wiley (strona nie istnieje)">Don C. Wiley</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian L. McHarg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kimishige_Ishizaka" title="Kimishige Ishizaka">Kimishige Ishizaka</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_R._Parsons&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy R. Parsons (strona nie istnieje)">Timothy R. Parsons</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_McLaren" title="Anne McLaren">Anne McLaren</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Tarkowski" title="Andrzej Tarkowski">Andrzej K. Tarkowski</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Mandelbrot" title="Benoît Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_A._Yorke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James A. Yorke (strona nie istnieje)">James A. Yorke</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiji_Ogawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seiji Ogawa (strona nie istnieje)">Seiji Ogawa</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken%E2%80%99ichi_Honda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken’ichi Honda (strona nie istnieje)">Ken’ichi Honda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Fujishima&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akira Fujishima (strona nie istnieje)">Akira Fujishima</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_J._Sainsbury&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith J. Sainsbury (strona nie istnieje)">Keith J. Sainsbury</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Lawton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Lawton (strona nie istnieje)">John H. Lawton</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makoto_Nagao&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Makoto Nagao (strona nie istnieje)">Makoto Nagao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masatoshi_Takeichi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masatoshi Takeichi (strona nie istnieje)">Masatoshi Takeichi</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erkki_Ruoslahti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erkki Ruoslahti (strona nie istnieje)">Erkki Ruoslahti</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_T._Houghton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John T. Houghton (strona nie istnieje)">John Houghton</a> i <a href="/wiki/Akira_End%C5%8D" title="Akira Endō">Akira Endō</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Shaw_Ashton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Shaw Ashton (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Shaw Ashton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a> i <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Grünberg</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Victor_McKusick" title="Victor McKusick">Victor McKusick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vinton_Gray_Cerf" title="Vinton Gray Cerf">Vinton Gray Cerf</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_L._Meadows&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis L. Meadows (strona nie istnieje)">Dennis L. Meadows</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_E._Kuhl&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David E. Kuhl (strona nie istnieje)">David E. Kuhl</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shun%E2%80%99ichi_Iwasaki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shun’ichi Iwasaki (strona nie istnieje)">Shun’ichi Iwasaki</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Vitousek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Vitousek (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Vitousek</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Kenneth Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadamitsu_Kishimoto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadamitsu Kishimoto (strona nie istnieje)">Tadamitsu Kishimoto</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshio_Hirano&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Toshio Hirano (strona nie istnieje)">Toshio Hirano</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_Rowley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet Rowley (strona nie istnieje)">Janet Rowley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Druker" title="Brian Druker">Brian Druker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Lydon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Lydon (strona nie istnieje)">Nicholas Lydon</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masato_Sagawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masato Sagawa (strona nie istnieje)">Masato Sagawa</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grant_Willson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Willson (strona nie istnieje)">C. Grant Willson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fr%C3%A9chet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Fréchet (strona nie istnieje)">Jean M. J. Fréchet</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frederick_Grassle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frederick Grassle (strona nie istnieje)">John Frederick Grassle</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasuharu_Suematsu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasuharu Suematsu (strona nie istnieje)">Yasuharu Suematsu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_David_Allis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles David Allis (strona nie istnieje)">C. David Allis</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yutaka_Takahashi_(in%C5%BCynier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yutaka Takahashi (inżynier) (strona nie istnieje)">Yutaka Takahasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Friedmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Friedmann (strona nie istnieje)">Theodore Friedmann</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Fischer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Fischer (strona nie istnieje)">Alain Fischer</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hideo_Hosono&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hideo Hosono (strona nie istnieje)">Hideo Hosono</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_D._Tanksley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven D. Tanksley (strona nie istnieje)">Steven D. Tanksley</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Adi_Szamir" title="Adi Szamir">Adi Szamir</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_D._Cooper&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Max D. Cooper (strona nie istnieje)">Max D. Cooper</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Miller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Miller (strona nie istnieje)">Jacques Miller</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshio_Okamoto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoshio Okamoto (strona nie istnieje)">Yoshio Okamoto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rattan_Lal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rattan Lal (strona nie istnieje)">Rattan Lal</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Gallager&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Gallager (strona nie istnieje)">Robert G. Gallager</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_A._Green&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin A. Green (strona nie istnieje)">Martin A. Green</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bert_Vogelstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bert Vogelstein (strona nie istnieje)">Bert Vogelstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Weinberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert A. Weinberg (strona nie istnieje)">Robert A. Weinberg</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Field&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Field (strona nie istnieje)">Christopher Field</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masataka_Nakazawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masataka Nakazawa (strona nie istnieje)">Masataka Nakazawa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazuo_Hagimoto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazuo Hagimoto (strona nie istnieje)">Kazuo Hagimoto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gero_Miesenb%C3%B6ck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gero Miesenböck (strona nie istnieje)">Gero Miesenböck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Deisseroth" title="Karl Deisseroth">Karl Deisseroth</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/28261852">28261852</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n80031292">n80031292</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/133476693">133476693</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/pna2007418772">pna2007418772</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p326211225">326211225</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810668731605606">9810668731605606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202009139181">n2009139181</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000344487&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">000344487</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/169535331">169535331</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;4888908.html">4888908</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Grunberg">biography/Peter-Grunberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/peter-a-grunberg">peter-a-grunberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/peter-grunberg/">peter-grunberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/3432745">3432745</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/peter-grunberg">peter-grunberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&amp;url_prefix=https://snl.no/&amp;id=Peter_A._Gr%C3%BCnberg">Peter_A._Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/peter-grunberg/">peter-grunberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0420065.xml">0420065</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&amp;url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&amp;id=Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg">Peter_Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=69380">69380</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Grünberg&amp;oldid=73476643">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Grünberg&amp;oldid=73476643</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Niemieccy_fizycy_XX_wieku" 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