CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9196b0884d7b3ddb',cH: '944HkTwWE6xMgIPB92xb9mGKnx3o98cedSNGjF0S9gs-1740811505-1.2.1.1-utzHPQX76Y9n8h04xpCS3Ea4kjZF0nlxAufAL2x6ZHhMUi47BDA3Q8834eS4S7bb',cUPMDTk: "\/651\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=mCNQIdlP0i5rNq7FLMyD1riPFiVvbWIC1vd.Fxg1Kkw-1740811505-1.0.1.1-clSJDJ2enN0ci0WnpBqTrnQpuZ57SA9fAzZ.2t_G9LQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740811505',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/651\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=mCNQIdlP0i5rNq7FLMyD1riPFiVvbWIC1vd.Fxg1Kkw-1740811505-1.0.1.1-clSJDJ2enN0ci0WnpBqTrnQpuZ57SA9fAzZ.2t_G9LQ",md: "4Bjn819mxGjqPppTvGwLZ7rBQ4XeGPNkKzXGt6H7LhA-1740811505-1.2.1.1-oiTN_NZMF8nMbkjxlzlZGGnI.aZpI70P8kACRfD1suQuL8vAZuWDo1uJdyWhnJDcEmz4E6Hn3xcv.dhI5QHTNol9MmymI549BI.LOcC40V0X1XxxYQ46bEL7hfG0hBq7lrCUotXLdR8aCKaS3n7e4fEHez07zM6jqJLb3He1uJnNsC5eVf1zE2gy0txbqT5FT3TUlvMaLgbnAqamMLft5ZnZBlma2mLmkr_IXJJBtW1Tuxr9o4McBnmuK1XfK1NTR32ZUgv.4WDGahfFAKRrbuTEXX1UG3dsg8NlSB8YQWxZ5RPa16UH___KFtdiF810iQzbtZi6Ac0HLgDUe9vIBK7Jzy5dJ7WVV1rTCWWlYd3_DIDGpQAiOpwZLw_IkBJADxoZjywcLxiV7hjZ5h2xaMlItWTCP3gtasyE.bprJ0abWppAeP7AJhTR7kesviH0ah2jTBW.dlz9cDkESXIZhmCr9H..4UNyXHditMjtAGuIfJ1z96kjvRo03w2WhLfQJW5amRaSSShUXa0JPRmKsnt8nqohXD0YiZraiDemy1Klg7Vrgb6uLnHR5LTi9AVF9MggOdq27Oaftqm5ktzFLpTyl11oTwRNz1bHppeVpPt1CeEFcyCqpj4XP12M9LmISb_YLgQF4y0IETD9GXs4KydNXnb3J63j2ZSh59zGRF._Bb4G85vFsEOFBqK9aNY_0qEi5cIPBq24BkJLd7tnG.basTgWlpHQVlTCbxyUEPFFTf1C5FwZGSYPQRofosqmbV2h.NdHZIsS5YfoI5O_gBbAqpS3qf6Bcbmg71zqWIODKBRnky_pWKFcqdNAYDbIMrIg7wqCOkF89VCjIXhd6FJhf2ZqLqf.63OcleR6SqYGdjFXky6Nt5yl2kfEw58j9g808u2SNe_PjGmOfFOHq7jW.Kq0Gx6B3hjI63wZY0OWSqbqfCyL2Du_zHRIihxXTmM5C.xIjeUJqtGtKR7kb_Ci.BfNGMNzeT6WmZWbaNFkYVsxNfv5BVuezoWLVqsQXkyg16sGgRS9tAmVaCnfM8vVdRoiwfBmzylRaHeBgQQ1_zHoUGizFeSdTW_p.dXlswyGsQAMNkbClm4P6UySfR5tP_ygLT5zV_DHY77dAceVUGI9DW5Whj9dS7y6lTeA5uIqnpJah1UQZ1M5sy5J1V2Q_tOri2C.94HZ6FF.7_k0tcT1fjfNUhXgwFynRTBQ",mdrd: "D6_kzn.3UAn41pkhprvx3QfLRzaAkl5NagsFhr4PyuM-1740811505-1.2.1.1-askfGIapLcbCWTerbXfGhTfhK_LJyeqoPC8U1k2LVjbBF2HdbvRPw1cvETgOXU9fH6BvNsysPAiqBrA_wTY.lQUgkWwmA3VA88eKkt5YfWOfF2l4Usdvl5GPAKXtWLiEixpidmrrFNIEeukDt.KdekkZvyjjUYpErLYHHsvSGjXqiDk1a.8JFRZYWHkFE0lVX7a6Y9uM.YqVVRDn7oHIbn4dcTjiU5zFIQKs9HgnNu0SRD0RzHajMTseu76Fz7gYFfH50UCIWHOBwC8VdGNP8NkA9gndfeBQPMJfZOt3PHw4UXxwzIxvEuInvcDjwtLW0F2JcBPlDvdG8SynAIGVuXu2lRhDa7fgLXt6VBnRdppK2BHpBvw0CLGZ_uLnkCbHDKyM8ITxr5H7F9N_tp5RRlxrVWgKLE_k8aABP4tXUPVRuMkJkh2sfbiHj9x79PvQe5gCRiNrYPhX4O7D1jOHZin5hShkAXIJzpaluvWVXR5X4WGfsT_Aq5A0MAnBaSVdoVll0pUTdwUDNYPutyKNjx6d4iJ45ODmSnDB8.OROQJjyhTxEeUNCn1IfFnp8Bib9dF0cQpP087_S2qbym5Eq2.sG37.faAFaoYCxeTyS48aMUJecgvlECLK1u2UpACjdHpu8cXi1DO3NeUqfC8ri4Z8G1daWGuKZP9PXJAl.tw9iCeOlVGOHp_iQ2uUaIiSNTp8K.1ZprOOpZncD5bkG8bjgl8F14edracUo96VQyJsi0nNEVnH0AxuiPlJGd36kuxWeg3Vjma9Mu4c2ZiZtgw5ImvfN9LFZqAHgU.8RqJa1CtrYH7KSKrJSVasU7HfP4YlZePqE4xF56Ew6q78sldHVuLQlNXRRypfOz05_5MuIXTWNPMSFirgTcjMiFEA_GtDNFgK33FjA4arqqxC6DjTH0MSVaI67H97FFiSoyFhGeB_AAl5GSzruoJEk71IsOuTFvHrQYqmYtDiCaRvov1R3PZmFs.CHCkjJNDNRGq92kAv.wO9EgEjr7u62IFNbbisDwzFMw8vIFybIfNDDfTfMovSDRAuhQboSVLBmLyQFtghqdHq52ckn09H2xcNFAecNt0SFnBA82GKJ1kBbibQ1Wlhm7Qne3yPuTTafmcxCd6xBQ4BEzpn4hui7DeSSTYgqoDjXE0r4hHEnfCdbbkfKhxKxtOl4cMiYpYulR_grrEzquTaA4ENiTK___EEZnHhZGZefRvsUQYYmcmvMj4oFwm6bHMkjFWnY5Wef.Srok3DlBdLSLbZ9sdD6QDKE.RA7fWiALNrSc4QoA3eXIMeRAlNBtalrz6PLjRb139BBFjjf7PqgWfXoONDKRplZ04nRPNrIFr.PTcqziaw3sxgKelIbEvBhm1T4ukOHLK7.qeRdd4ZoqsCVvO4hF.cAVO.tIrX0A.1YV1Zm_yx4E0v36femzxp7NDIMjZwv9EroqxtP2P5Rpbpyl9e0pAprROGXhGg6aqgl9vUdVN8JpbJaMr_1EBGPkLi8jyrddJu1frR45rVtMt9Lk6.SBIaNMeglt5aQrnN1mEPB.mOxeQ2KUP10LXKi8k0T3Dm_rhFFcBdDKSXpGYgoaHw58jWI7qlNyBlkF1Okv.7gIjx9OWhXt0kQcDKEsvyCa.xdAuSnwtuUwgoTENgQZ5EoVIMLKLrAf3bjLIuXwCzpCWTBLgh5KYPdAnJhH1JzVYN8pmxpOTOdycY4hJqOvlruIcIXoAK2PM001TE01C6g3u6ZkSpeXeMjIC3yKSQ8ZP.GTnjuXNzcxuHJDMqqD9sq7dogjdCekThPvgxa2C_HqHCKWMyLngqWWkxSZJnYY1ejpKbVVMo16CGpGcaJjhGbvdz3ECfp2fWg8cYmXozldfzZb8v2IX_cYSSSCxJkLF37Z5N5yfCDg0c.3RMBkAM716Qni1C.H5mxgCP4YuNNt2ZRmK5XiWJ.NwtnFQIPTTErURY54EXGpYa1J5DfMF6x26.8_ULU9o_ZLTBLzeAXvA5lA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9196b0884d7b3ddb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/651\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=mCNQIdlP0i5rNq7FLMyD1riPFiVvbWIC1vd.Fxg1Kkw-1740811505-1.0.1.1-clSJDJ2enN0ci0WnpBqTrnQpuZ57SA9fAzZ.2t_G9LQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>