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id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">科技树</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。14种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="شجرة التكنولوجيا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجرة التكنولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_tecnol%C3%B2gic" title="Arbre tecnològic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arbre tecnològic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technologiebaum" title="Technologiebaum – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Technologiebaum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_tree" title="Technology tree – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Technology tree" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbol_tecnol%C3%B3gico" title="Árbol tecnológico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Árbol tecnológico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="درخت تکنولوژی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت تکنولوژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_des_technologies" title="Arbre des technologies – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arbre des technologies" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albero_tecnologico" title="Albero tecnologico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albero tecnologico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%86%80%EB%A1%9C%EC%A7%80_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="테크놀로지 트리 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테크놀로지 트리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technologieboom" title="Technologieboom – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Technologieboom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drzewo_technologiczne" title="Drzewo technologiczne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drzewo technologiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Технологическое древо – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Технологическое древо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Технологічне дерево – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Технологічне дерево" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%A8%B9" title="科技樹 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科技樹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1199501#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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title="回合制策略遊戲Freeciv的科技樹的一部份，需注意科技與科技間複雜的連結關係。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png/1200px-Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png" decoding="async" width="1200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png/1800px-Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png/2400px-Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png 2x" data-file-width="4820" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png/1200px-Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png" decoding="async" width="1200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png/1800px-Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png/2400px-Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png 2x" data-file-width="4820" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Freeciv-2.1.8_technology_tree.png" title="File:Freeciv-2.1.8 technology tree.png"> </a></div>回合制策略遊戲<a href="/wiki/Freeciv" title="Freeciv">Freeciv</a>的科技樹的一部份，需注意科技與科技間複雜的連結關係。</div> </div></div> <p><b>科技樹</b>是在遊戲領域中，以圖像呈現的升級方向的可選项。由於通常以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91_(%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA)" title="树 (图论)">樹狀結構</a>來呈現，因此而得名<sup id="cite_ref-fundamentals_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。从图论的角度，它实际上为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%90%91%E6%97%A0%E7%8E%AF%E5%9B%BE" title="有向无环图">有向无环图</a>。科技樹中的選項會被歸類於數個層級，玩家通常會從最初級開始，並且只能做出較少的選擇，在玩家的技術提升、或在遊戲中達到某個成就後，便可以鑽研較高級別的選項，同時也可能會關閉通往其它選項的路徑。科技樹有时也以玩家所升级的不同角色特质而改稱，如以技能為基礎時稱為<b>技能樹</b>，以天賦為基礎時稱為<b>天賦樹。</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%A0%91&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在典型的即時戰略遊戲和大多數的回合制戰略遊戲中、玩家必須在遊戲進行的途中、同時顧及新技術的研發。玩家在遊戲開始時擁有一個「指揮中心」、「單位訓練場」和「研究設施」，允許玩家一面開發更先進的技術，一面與敵方交戰。此時，研發科技與生產戰鬥單位間的平衡是玩家所必需面臨的問題。 </p><p>在研究先進技術時，玩家透過分配點數或消耗遊戲中的資源來開發新技術。在一部份遊戲中，玩家必須透過特定順序構築建築物來解鎖科技樹、以獲取開發更先進技術或更高級建築物的權力。而有些遊戲的高階技術不是基於建築物，而是基於一個或多的低階技術。有一些遊戲兩種混用。 </p><p>科技樹的結構相當廣泛，在最簡單的情況下，從最初階到最高階的路徑是獨立且沒有其他分支的；在更複雜的情況下，高階科技需要以研究一個或多個低階科技做為先決條件。做為複雜科技樹的例子，在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97" title="太空帝国系列">太空帝國III</a>》中，有超過兩百種科技，而在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E9%BB%AF%E9%81%93" title="流亡黯道">流亡黯道</a>》中有超過1300種。一些遊戲中讓不同的種族或文明使用完全不同的科技樹，而有一些則使用相同的科技樹，但有著相異的起始點、或是有著各自獨特的路徑限制。 </p><p>當科技樹上的科技全部研發完成後，有些遊戲會設計玩家得以研發一項最終技術，有一些則沒有任何新變化，此時玩家可以選擇將研究設施變賣以獲取更多資源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%A0%91&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fundamentals-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fundamentals_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rollings, Andrew; Ernest Adams. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231072651/http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_gamedev_1/54/14053/3597646.cw/index.html">Fundamentals of Game Design</a>. Prentice Hall. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_gamedev_1/54/14053/3597646.cw/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%A0%91&rft.au=Ernest+Adams&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.aulast=Rollings&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Game+Design&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwps.prenhall.com%2Fbp_gamedev_1%2F54%2F14053%2F3597646.cw%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%A0%91&action=edit&section=3" 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