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Associations" class="uialogo">UIA</a></div> <hgroup id="name-and-slogan"> <h1 id="site-name"> <a href="/ybio/" title="Home" rel="home" id="homelink">Yearbook of International Organizations</a></h1> <div id="ybio-vols"><a href="/ybio/">Organizations</a> | <a href="/s/sdg/en/">UN SDGs</a> | <a href="/ybio/v5">Statistics</a> | <a href="/ybio/v4">Bibliography</a> | <a href="/data/geo/">Geography</a> | <a href="/data/subject/">Subjects</a> | <a href="/ybguide/">User Guide</a> | <a href="/icco/">Events</a></div> <div id="uiashort"><a href="/"><span>Yearbook of International Organizations</span></a></div> </hgroup> </header>  <div id="main"> <div id="content" class="column" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="title" id="page-title">Yearbook of International Organizations Online User Guide</h1> <div class="panel-display panel-2col clearfix" > <div class="panel-panel panel-col-first"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-node-content" > <h4 class="pane-title">Type 1 codes</h4> <div class="pane-content"> <article class="node-3889 node node-database-user-guide node-promoted view-mode-full clearfix"> <section class="field-short-description"> <div id="ybug-type1-tabs"> <ul> <li><a href="#yb-type1-short">Quick explanation</a></li> <li><a href="#yb-type1-long">Detailed explanation</a></li> </ul>  <div id="yb-type1-short"> <p>Organizations are coded by hierarchy in the Yearbook, indicated by a single upper case letter known as Type 1 code. This typology may be used to help determine the level of "internationality" or status (active or dissolved) of an organization. In brief, these type codes have the following significance:</p> <p>Type A - Federations of international organizations: A principal membership category includes at least three autonomous international bodies</p> <p>Type B - Universal membership organizations: Membership covers at least 60 countries regardless of distribution, or membership covers at least 30 countries and is equitably distributed over several continents</p> <p>Type C - Intercontinental membership organizations: Membership exceeds that of a particular continental region, covers at least 10 countries, and is equitably distributed over at least two continents</p> <p>Type D - Regionally defined membership organizations: Membership and preoccupations restricted to a particular continental or sub-continental region or contiguous group of countries, and covers at least 3 countries or includes at least 3 autonomous international bodies</p> <p>Type E - Organizations emanating from places, persons or other bodies: May include international centres and institutes created by intergovernmental bodies, and joint bodies, regardless of membership</p> <p>Type F - Organizations having a special form: May include foundations, funds, banks, and illegal or unusual bodies</p> <p>Type G - Internationally-oriented national organizations: Includes bilateral bodies, organizations with membership or management structure limited to a single country yet name or activities indicate an international character, and national bodies with formal links (member, funder, partner) with a body of the UN system or other international organization</p> <p>Type H - Inactive or dissolved international organizations: Dissolved or inactive organization previously classified as a Type A, B, C or D</p> <p>Type J - Recently reported or proposed international organizations: Information available is insufficient to enable classification as another Type</p> <p>Type K - Subsidiary and internal bodies: A substantive unit within a complex international organization which has a degree of autonomy</p> <p>Type N - National organizations: Membership or management structure is essentially limited to a single country, yet title or activities make it appear to be international</p> <p>Type R - Religious orders, fraternities and secular institutes: A religious or fraternal order or similar body based on commitment to a set of religious practices. Membership covers at least 3 countries</p> <p>Type S - Autonomous conference series: Not an organization as such but represents a continuing series of international meetings which has a name which could be assumed to refer to an international body</p> <p>Type T - Multilateral treaties and agreements: Not an organization as such but a multilateral treaty, convention, agreement, pact, protocol or covenant signed by at least 3 parties, whether States or intergovernmental organizations</p> <p>Type U - Inactive or dissolved non-conventional bodies: Dissolved or inactive organization previously classified as a Type other than A, B, C or D </p> </div>  <div id="yb-type1-long">  <div id="ybug-type1-sub-tabs"> <ul> <li><a href="#yb-type1-tab1">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="#yb-type1-tab2">IGOs and NGOs</a></li> <li><a href="#yb-type1-tab3">Comments</a></li> <li><a href="#yb-type1-tab4">Comparative Characteristics</a></li> </ul>  <div id="yb-type1-tab1"> <p>The Yearbook attempts to cover all “international organizations”, according to a broad range of criteria. It therefore includes many bodies that may be perceived as not being fully international, or as not being organizations as such. These bodies are nevertheless included so as to enable users to make their own evaluation in the light of their own criteria.</p> <p>To assist this evaluation, the editors have developed a hierarchical typology, assigning each organization to one of 15 types. This hierarchical typology may be used to help determine the status or level of "internationality" of an organization. All of these types include both intergovernmental and non-governmental international organizations (see IGOs and NGOs tab for a discussion of the terms "intergovernmental " and "non-governmental"). The 15 types are designated by an upper case letter.</p> <p>The 15 upper case letters used for Type 1, their significance, and their chief characteristics (as determined by information regarding membership and structure) are the following.</p>  <div class="ugtable"> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" rules="rows"> <tbody> <tr class="ugtable-head"> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Membership</th> <th>Structure</th> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">A</td> <td valign="top">Federations of international organizations</td> <td valign="top">Includes at least 3 international organizations</td> <td valign="top">Management and policy-making organs reflect a well-balanced geographical distribution (cf membership)</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">B</td> <td valign="top">Universal membership organizations</td> <td valign="top">From either at least 60 countries or at least 30 countries in at least 2 continents and with a well-balanced geographical distribution</td> <td valign="top">Management and policy-making organs reflect a well-balanced geographical distribution (cf membership)</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">C</td> <td valign="top">Intercontinental membership organizations</td> <td valign="top">From at least 10 countries in at least 2 continents with a well-balanced geographical distribution</td> <td valign="top">Management and policy-making organs reflect a well-balanced geographical distribution (cf membership)</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">D</td> <td valign="top">Regionally defined membership organizations</td> <td valign="top">From at least 3 countries within one continental or subcontinental region</td> <td valign="top">Management and policy-making organs reflect a well-balanced geographical distribution (cf membership)</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">E</td> <td valign="top">Organizations emanating from places, persons or other bodies</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">Reference to, and to some degree limited by, another international organization, or a person, or a place</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">F</td> <td valign="top">Organizations having a special form</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">Non-formal, unconventional or unusual</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">G</td> <td valign="top">Internationally-oriented national organizations</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">Management and policy-making organs reflect participation of only one or two countries; formal links with at least one other international organization</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">H</td> <td valign="top">Inactive or dissolved international organizations</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">While active, classified as Types A, B, C or D</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">J</td> <td valign="top">Recently reported or proposed international organizations</td> <td valign="top" colspan="2">Type J is a temporary allocation. Organizations of Type J are reallocated to the appropriate Type whenever sufficient information is obtained.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">K</td> <td valign="top">Subsidiary and internal bodies</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">Substantive unit with a degree of autonomy within another organization</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">N</td> <td valign="top">National organizations</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">Management and policy-making organs reflect participation of only one country; no formal links with other international organizations</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">R</td> <td valign="top">Religious orders, fraternities, and secular institutes</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">Based on charismatic leadership or a commitment to a set of (religious) practices</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">S</td> <td valign="top">Autonomous conference series</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">No continuing structure</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">T</td> <td valign="top">Multilateral treaties and agreements</td> <td valign="top">At least 3 signatories</td> <td valign="top">No structure. (If an organization is established to implement or otherwise take responsibility for the treaty, that organization is normally classified as Type E.)</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top">U</td> <td valign="top">Currently inactive non-conventional organizations</td> <td valign="top">No criteria</td> <td valign="top">While active, classified as Types other than A, B, C or D</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div>  <div id="yb-type1-tab2"> <p><strong>Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)</strong></p> <p>The approach to the selection of organizations for inclusion in this Yearbook was first developed by the Union of International Associations for the <em>Annuaire de la Vie Internationale</em> (1908-1909, 1910-1911). It was further developed after 1945 for the early editions of the Yearbook of International Organizations. The approach was endorsed by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC) in 1950 and in 1953.</p> <p>The Economic and Social Council, in considering these matters in 1950, itself clarified the distinction between intergovernmental and international non-governmental organizations as follows:</p> <p><em>Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)</em></p> <p>The view of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations concerning intergovernmental organizations is implicit in its Resolution 288 (X) of 27 February 1950: “Any international organization which is not established by intergovernmental agreement shall be considered as a non-governmental organization for the purpose of these arrangements.” The resolution was concerned with the implementation of Article 71 of the United Nations Charter on consultative status of non-governmental organizations, and it was amplified by Resolution 1296 (XLIV) of 25 June 1968: “...including organizations which accept members designated by government authorities, provided that such membership does not interfere with the free expression of views of the organizations.”</p> <p>The matter is complicated by the fact that, pursuant to Article 12 of the regulations of the General Assembly of the United Nations (giving effect to Article 102 of the Charter), the Secretariat publishes, in the UN Treaty Series, every instrument submitted to it by a Member State, when “so far as that party is concerned, the instrument is a treaty or an international agreement within the meaning of Article 102” (Note in UN Treaty Series, Vol. 748). The terms “treaty” and “international agreement” have not been defined either in the Charter or in the regulations. Furthermore: “It is the understanding of the Secretariat that its action does not confer on the instrument the status of a treaty or an international agreement if it does not already have that status ...”</p> <p>Further complications arise from:</p> <ul> <li>the increasing number of “international agreements” in which one or more of the parties is a constituent state of a federal state system (e.g. Quebec); this matter was not resolved by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna, 1969);</li> <li>bilateralization of treaties when several states act together to aid another state under a “multilateral” treaty signed by all of them;</li> <li>agreements in which one of the parties is itself an intergovernmental organization (thus “multilateralizing” the agreement) acting to establish an intergovernmental institute in a particular country (thus “bilateralizing” the agreement), of which the government is one of the parties to that agreement (e.g. many UNESCO agreements with individual developing countries to establish regional research centres);</li> <li>agreements signed on behalf of national government agencies or departments which, in the case of purely technical matters, may not fully engage the state; the resulting organizations may then define themselves as “non-governmental”.</li> </ul> <p>In practice therefore, the editors assume that an organization is intergovernmental if it is established by signature of an agreement engendering obligations between governments, whether or not that agreement is eventually published. If any organization declares itself to be non-governmental, it is accepted as such by the editors.</p> <p><em>Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)</em></p> <p>The problem of identifying eligible non-governmental organizations is more difficult. Resolution 288 (X) makes no attempt to explain what is meant by the term “international organization”. Editorial experience has shown that it is useful to take seven aspects of organizational life as indicators of the eligibility of an organization: aims; membership; structure; officers; finance; relations with other organizations; and activities. These aspects are discussed below for different types of organization.</p> </div>  <div id="yb-type1-tab3"> <p><strong>Detailed comments on Type 1</strong></p> <p>The complexity of the hierarchical typology warrants further explanation.</p> <p><strong>Type A: Federations of international organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type A if:</p> <ul> <li>its membership includes at least three autonomous international bodies.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type A if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>its membership includes only regional organizations;</li> <li>its membership is limited to international organizations linked to a particular place or organization or people;</li> <li>its membership is limited to non-autonomous commissions or sections of one or more international organizations;</li> <li>its international organizational membership is of secondary importance (e.g. “associate members”);</li> <li>its preoccupation or field of activity is limited to one region or continent;</li> <li>it is in some way a “joint committee”, created to liaise between international organizations;</li> <li>it has been created by one or more international organizations which then themselves become members of it.</li> </ul> <p>The United Nations is included in Type A because of its focal role in relation to the specialized agencies; these can be seen as “members” of the UN system.</p> <p>“Umbrella” organizations which have national organizations as an additional membership category may also be included here.</p> <p><strong>Type B: Universal membership organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type B if:</p> <ul> <li>its membership covers at least 60 countries regardless of distribution, or if its membership covers at least 30 countries and is equitably distributed over several continents (the fewer the number of countries represented, the greater must be the number of continents represented);</li> <li>its management structure and its activities reflect its membership in terms of geographical distribution and balance.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type B if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>its title mentions any term effectively restricting its membership or activities to a particular group of countries or particular group of people (e.g. Commonwealth, French-speaking);</li> <li>it is universal in aims or activities only.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type C: Intercontinental membership organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type C if:</p> <ul> <li>its membership and preoccupations exceed that of a particular continental region though not to the degree of justifying its inclusion in Type B;</li> <li>its membership covers at least 10 countries and is equitably distributed over at least two continents;</li> <li>its management structure and its activities reflect its membership in terms of geographical distribution and balance.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type C if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>its title mentions any term effectively restricting its membership or activities to a single continental region or contiguous group of countries (e.g. European, Inter-American, Mediterranean).</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type D: Regionally defined membership organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type D if:</p> <ul> <li>its membership and preoccupations are restricted to a particular continental or sub-continental region or contiguous group of countries;</li> <li>its membership covers at least three countries or includes at least three autonomous international bodies;</li> <li>its title mentions a single continental region or contiguous group of countries (e.g. European, Inter-American, Mediterranean) regardless of membership.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type D if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>its title mentions another organization or a particular place or person.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type E: Organizations emanating from places, persons or other bodies</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type E if:</p> <ul> <li>it can be considered as an “emanation” of another organization or of a place, person or proprietary product, regardless of membership;</li> <li>its title incorporates, in any way, the name of another organization (excepting intergovernmental organizations that are the subject of a special multi-lateral treaty, e.g. the FAO);</li> <li>provision is made for its creation in the statutes of another organization though it nonetheless functions autonomously (non-autonomous bodies being included in Type K);</li> <li>it is in some way a “joint committee”, created to liaise between international organizations, functioning autonomously;</li> <li>it is a centre or institute created by intergovernmental bodies, possibly by agreement with a particular government;</li> <li>it is especially identified with a particular physical location and its activities are largely determined by that location (e.g. training courses, experimental stations);</li> <li>it is specifically concerned with a single country (NB an organization specifically concerned with a single language, though it may be spoken in a single country, is not necessarily classified as Type E).</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type E if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>it does not function at least semi-autonomously.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type F: Organizations having a special form</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type F if:</p> <ul> <li>its formal characteristics would cause fundamental questions to be raised were it included in one of the preceding Types;</li> <li>it has international dimensions which make it equivalent to a more conventional international organization;</li> <li>its special nature is implied by the presence of certain terms in its title, whether or not the use of such terms is in effect a misnomer; such terms include:</li> <ul> <li>Activities: campaign, programme, project, service, survey</li> <li>Arbitration and legislation: court, parliament, tribunal</li> <li>Buildings: laboratory, library, museum, observatory</li> <li>Collections: cultures, gene bank, organ bank, reserve</li> <li>Education: college, school, training institute, university</li> <li>Financing: bank, clearing house, foundation, fund, trust</li> <li>Information: data network, information system, inventory, registry</li> <li>Media and entertainment: news agency, orchestra, radio</li> <li>Military: army, brigade, corps, force</li> <li>Politics: international party or group, international movement</li> <li>Semi-formal groupings: club, community, governmental grouping, movement, network</li> <li>Treaty-oriented: agreement, intellectual property unions, treaty</li> <li>Trade: common market, free trade zone, monetary zone</li> </ul> <li>it is a patronage body, e.g. under pontifical or royal charter, or is headed by a charismatic leader (unless more appropriate to classify it as Type R);</li> <li>it includes a significant membership of exiled groups from named countries;</li> <li>it is a “quasi” organization, possibly without a well-defined secretariat or structure (e.g. Group of 8), sometimes even a non-existent organization nonetheless recognized in common usage (e.g. World Bank Group);</li> <li>it is an unusual, possibly illegal or questionable, body.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type F if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>it does not function at least semi-autonomously.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type G: Internationally-oriented national organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type G if:</p> <ul> <li>it is a bilateral governmental body;</li> <li>its membership or management structure is limited to a single country, yet its name or activities indicate an international character;</li> <li>it has been granted consultative status by a body of the UN system;</li> <li>it is formally linked to an international organization included in one of the preceding Types (e.g. as a member, a funder, a partner).</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type G if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>it has no links with an organization included in one of the preceding Types and is not a bilateral governmental body.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type H: Inactive or dissolved international organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type H if:</p> <ul> <li>it has been dissolved, has been inactive for several years (that is, there has been no indication of activity for several years), or is dormant for a period of years;</li> <li>as an active body it was or would have been classified as Type A, B, C or D, or if it was or would have been intergovernmental.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type H if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type J: Recently reported or proposed international organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type J if:</p> <ul> <li>the information available is insufficient to enable classification as another Type, usually because its creation has only recently been reported, or because its creation has been proposed but has not yet taken place.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type J if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type K: Subsidiary and internal bodies</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type K if:</p> <ul> <li>it is a substantive unit with a complex international organization;</li> <li>it has a degree of autonomy which, if it had more independent activities, would allow it to be classified as another Type (usually Type E or F).</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type K if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type N: National organizations</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type N if:</p> <ul> <li>its membership or management structure is essentially limited to a single country, yet its title or activities make it appear to be international;</li> <li>it appears on public information lists of a body of the UN system.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type N if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>it has links with an organization included in another Type.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type R: Religious orders, fraternities and secular institutes</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type R if:</p> <ul> <li>it is a religious, military or fraternal order, or is a similar body based on charismatic leadership or commitment to a set of religious practices;</li> <li>its membership covers at least three countries;</li> <li>though not widely active now, it has a historical significance (the older the body, the more relaxed the criteria).</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type R if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type S: Autonomous conference series</strong></p> <p>A conference series is classified as Type S if:</p> <ul> <li>while not being an organization as such, it represents a continuing series of international meetings;</li> <li>the series has a name which could be assumed to refer to an international body.</li> </ul> <p>A conference series is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type S if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>a more conventional or formal organization, whether national or international, is responsible for the series.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type T: Multilateral treaties and agreements</strong></p> <p>A treaty is classified as Type T if:</p> <ul> <li>while not being an organization as such, it is a multilateral treaty, convention, agreement, pact, protocol or covenant signed by at least three parties, whether States or intergovernmental organizations.</li> </ul> <p>A treaty is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type T if:</p> <ul> <li>it is a peace treaty for a specific war or for the consequences of a specific war;</li> <li>it pertains to the relations between two countries under the auspices of an intergovernmental agency (e.g. the transfer of uranium, the resolution of border issues);</li> <li>regardless of the number of signatories, its articles pertain to one country or one event.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Type U: Inactive or dissolved non-conventional bodies</strong></p> <p>An organization is classified as Type U if:</p> <ul> <li>it has been dissolved, has been inactive for several years (that is, there has been no indication of activity for several years), or is dormant for a period of years;</li> <li>as an active body it was or would have been classified as a Type other than Type A, B, C or D.</li> </ul> <p>An organization is <strong><u>not</u></strong> classified as Type U if:</p> <ul> <li>it meets the criteria for another Type more closely than it meets the criteria for this Type;</li> <li>as an active body it was or would have been intergovernmental.</li> </ul> </div>  <div id="yb-type1-tab4"> <div class="ugtable"> <table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="1" rules="cols"> <tbody> <tr class="ugtable-head"> <th>Types A to D are generally “conventional” organizations.</th> <th>Types E, F, G, H and N have less predictable characteristics.</th> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" width="50%" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Aims</strong> The aims must be genuinely international in character, with the intention to cover operations in at least three countries. Hence such bodies as the International Action Committee for Safeguarding the Nubian Monuments or the Anglo-Swedish Society are generally excluded. Societies devoted solely to commemorating particular individuals are therefore likewise ineligible, even if they have made major contributions to the international community.</td> <td valign="top" width="50%"><strong>Aims</strong> If the title of the organization suggests that the aims may be international in character, it is included. This applies whether or not the activities are concerned with a particular sub-national geographical area or with the link between a particular country and one or more other countries. Organizations which are obviously bilateral are excluded (except in the case of intergovernmental bodies), although national or bilateral organizations with international programmes (e.g. aid programmes) may be included.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Members</strong> There must be individual or collective participation, with full voting rights, from at least three countries. Membership must be open to any appropriately qualified individual or entity in the organization’s area of operations. Closed groups are therefore excluded, although the situation becomes ambiguous when only one member is allowed per country by the organization, thus effectively closing the organization to other qualified groups in that country. Voting power must be such that no one national group can control the organization. National organizations which accept foreigners as members are therefore usually excluded, as are religious orders or communities governed on a hierarchical basis, and also informal social movements.</td> <td valign="top"><strong>Members</strong> If the title of an organization suggests that its membership may be international in character, it is included. Bodies which are clearly national in character are however excluded even if they have foreign members (except bodies which are recognized by an intergovernmental organization for purposes of consultation). No account is taken of the manner in which members participate in the control of the organization, if at all. Non-membership organizations may therefore be included.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Structure</strong> The Constitution must provide for a formal structure giving members the right periodically to elect a governing body and officers. There must be permanent headquarters and provision made for continuity of operation.</td> <td valign="top"><strong>Structure</strong> No account is taken of the formal structure, if any. Informal social movements and ad hoc bodies are, however, excluded unless there is a permanent office and continuity over a period of more that a year.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Officers</strong> The fact that for a period the officers are all of the same nationality, to facilitate management operations, does not necessarily disqualify the organization, but in this case there should be rotation at designated intervals of headquarters and officers among the various member countries.D</td> <td valign="top"><strong>Officers</strong> No account is taken of the nationality of the elected or appointed officers of the organization.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Finance</strong> Substantial contributions to the budget must come from at least three countries. There must be no attempt to make profits for distribution to members. This does not exclude organizations which exist in order to help members themselves to make more profits or better their economic situation (e.g. trade unions or trade associations); but it does exclude international business enterprises, investment houses or cartels. The distinction between a trade association and a cartel is often unclear; in practice the external relations of the body are used as a guideline.</td> <td valign="top"><strong>Finance</strong> No account is taken of the source of the organization’s finance. National foundations distributing funds internationally may therefore be included. Profit-making organizations may be included but only when they appear (from the title) to be nonprofit-making (and international) in character; multinational governmental enterprises are included. Liner/shipping/freight conferences are only included when the name could be confused with a conventional organization.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Relations</strong> with other organizations Entities formally connected with another organization are included if there is evidence that they lead an independent life and elect their own officers. Internal or subsidiary committees, appointed by and reporting to one of the structural units of a given organization, are excluded.</td> <td valign="top"><strong>Relations</strong> with other organizations Bodies which have some special organic or legal connection to another organization (by which they may have been created) are included here rather than in Types A to D. This applies particularly to functional and regional bodies of large organizations, but normally only when the title would appear to imply that they are independent, or where the degree of autonomy is unclear.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" style="border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"><strong>Activities</strong> Evidence of current activity must be available; organizations which appear to have been inactive for over four years are eventually treated as “dissolved” or “dormant” (and transferred to Type H).</td> <td valign="top"><strong>Activities</strong> Evidence of current activity must be available. Organizations which have been in Types A to D at some stage but have since become inactive or have ceased to exist are however included. Organizations in process of formation may also be included.</td> </tr> <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <td valign="top" colspan="2"><strong>Other criteria</strong> For all types, no stipulations are made as to size or “importance”, whether in terms of number of members, degree of activity or financial strength. No organization is excluded on political or ideological grounds, nor are fields of interest or activity taken into consideration. The geographical location of the headquarters and the terminology used in the organization’s name (whether “committee”, “council”, etc.) have likewise been held to be irrelevant in the determination of eligibility.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-panel panel-col-last"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="menu__item is-expanded menu__item is-expanded first expanded"><a href="/ybguide/yboverview" title="" class="menu__link menu__link">About the Yearbook</a><ul class="menu"><li class="menu__item is-leaf menu__item is-leaf first leaf"><a href="/ybguide/history" title="" class="menu__link menu__link">Publication History</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf menu__item is-leaf leaf"><a href="/ybguide/editors" title="" class="menu__link menu__link">About the Editors</a></li> <li class="menu__item is-leaf 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