Targeting metastatic melanoma

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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QzFhKcmkoVAx5muV5c3uiFP0RK1DOoeFe5KpcznNpPK4TZ8jBXFRyMGVvjmNGmW5"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QzFhKcmkoVAx5muV5c3uiFP0RK1DOoeFe5KpcznNpPK4TZ8jBXFRyMGVvjmNGmW5"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QzFhKcmkoVAx5muV5c3uiFP0RK1DOoeFe5KpcznNpPK4TZ8jBXFRyMGVvjmNGmW5"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QzFhKcmkoVAx5muV5c3uiFP0RK1DOoeFe5KpcznNpPK4TZ8jBXFRyMGVvjmNGmW5"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="19052265"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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Box 6510, Mail Stop F757, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Jamie.Poust@uch.edu" href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/19052265/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Inpatient Pavilion, 12605 East 16th Avenue, P.O. Box 6510, Mail Stop F757, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Jamie.Poust@uch.edu</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">19052265</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.2146/ajhp080461&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp080461" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.2146/ajhp080461 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Targeting metastatic melanoma </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item only-author"><span class="full-name">Jamie Poust</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span></span> </span> <span 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American Society of Health-System Pharmacists" data-pinger-ignore> Am J Health Syst Pharm </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Am+J+Health+Syst+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Am+J+Health+Syst+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Am J Health Syst Pharm" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Am J Health Syst Pharm"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Am+J+Health+Syst+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Am J Health Syst Pharm"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Am J Health Syst Pharm"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Am J Health Syst Pharm"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2008 Dec 15;65(24 Suppl 9):S9-S15.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.2146/ajhp080461. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Author </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Poust+J&cauthor_id=19052265" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jamie Poust">Jamie Poust</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Inpatient Pavilion, 12605 East 16th Avenue, P.O. Box 6510, Mail Stop F757, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Jamie.Poust@uch.edu" href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Inpatient Pavilion, 12605 East 16th Avenue, P.O. Box 6510, Mail Stop F757, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Jamie.Poust@uch.edu</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">19052265</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.2146/ajhp080461&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp080461" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.2146/ajhp080461 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/19052265/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/19052265/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Purpose: </strong> New medications and combination treatment strategies for patients with metastatic melanoma are discussed. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Summary: </strong> Bcl-2 is an inhibitor of apoptosis that is overexpressed in approximately 80% of melanoma cell lines and is believed to contribute to the development of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with melanoma. Oblimersen, an antisense oligonucleotide that stops the translation of Bcl-2 mRNA to protein, significantly improved progression-free survival when administered in combination with dacarbazine. Overall survival was significantly improved in patients with low levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), but not in patients with elevated LDH. RAF proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulate many aspects of cellular function. RAF mutations occur in 70% of melanoma cell lines. Although RAF kinases are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of melanoma, RAF inhibition with sorafenib has not significantly improved survival in patients with advanced disease. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of T-cell function that prevents the complete activation of T cells upon exposure to antigens by antigen-presenting cells. Two monoclonal antibodies to CTLA-4 (tremelimumab and ipilimumab) have been developed to promote T-cell activation in melanoma and other types of cancer. Phase I and phase II clinical trials of these agents in patients with metastatic melanoma have demonstrated promising effects on tumor progression, with objective response rates of approximately 20% and sustained responses in some patients. Several vaccines have been developed to stimulate immune system responses against melanoma. Despite promising early findings with polyvalent melanoma vaccine and with vaccine containing heat shock proteins, results with these agents in larger clinical trials have been disappointing. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> Ongoing clinical trials continue to evaluate these and other novel approaches to the treatment of metastatic melanoma. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/17767397/" ref="article_id=17767397&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="17767397" data-ga-label=""> Oblimersen: Augmerosen, BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotide - 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class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Melanoma / therapy*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Melanoma / therapy* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Melanoma / therapy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Melanoma%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Melanoma%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Melanoma/therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Melanoma / therapy*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Melanoma" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Melanoma / therapy*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Melanoma/therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Melanoma/therapy"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Niacinamide%2Fanalogs+and+derivatives%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Niacinamide%2Fanalogs+and+derivatives%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Niacinamide/analogs and derivatives"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Niacinamide" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Niacinamide/analogs and derivatives"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Niacinamide/analogs and derivatives"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Phenylurea Compounds" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Phenylurea Compounds </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Phenylurea Compounds"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Phenylurea+Compounds%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Phenylurea+Compounds%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Phenylurea Compounds"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Phenylurea Compounds"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Phenylurea+Compounds" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Phenylurea Compounds"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Phenylurea Compounds"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Phenylurea Compounds"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Pyridines / therapeutic use" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Pyridines / therapeutic use </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Pyridines / therapeutic use"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Pyridines%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Pyridines%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Pyridines/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Pyridines / therapeutic use"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pyridines" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Pyridines / therapeutic use"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Pyridines/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Pyridines/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Skin Neoplasms / therapy*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Skin Neoplasms / therapy* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Skin Neoplasms / therapy*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Skin+Neoplasms%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Skin+Neoplasms%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Skin Neoplasms/therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Skin Neoplasms / therapy*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Skin+Neoplasms" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Skin Neoplasms / therapy*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Skin Neoplasms/therapy"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Skin Neoplasms/therapy"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Sorafenib" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Sorafenib </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Sorafenib"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Sorafenib%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Sorafenib%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Sorafenib"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Sorafenib"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Sorafenib" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Sorafenib"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Sorafenib"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Sorafenib"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Thionucleotides / therapeutic use" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Thionucleotides / therapeutic use </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Thionucleotides / therapeutic use"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Thionucleotides%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Thionucleotides%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Thionucleotides/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Thionucleotides / therapeutic use"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Thionucleotides" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Thionucleotides / therapeutic use"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Thionucleotides/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Thionucleotides/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword raf Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> raf Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword raf Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22raf+Kinases%2Fantagonists+and+inhibitors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22raf+Kinases%2Fantagonists+and+inhibitors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="raf Kinases/antagonists and inhibitors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="raf Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=raf+Kinases" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="raf Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""raf Kinases/antagonists and inhibitors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""raf Kinases/antagonists and inhibitors"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antibodies, Monoclonal </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Monoclonal"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Antibodies, Monoclonal"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Monoclonal%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Monoclonal"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antibodies, Monoclonal"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antibodies, Monoclonal"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antigens, CD" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antigens, CD </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antigens, CD"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antigens%2C+CD%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antigens%2C+CD%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Antigens, CD"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Antigens, CD"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Antigens%2C+CD%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Antigens, CD"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antigens, CD"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antigens, CD"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antineoplastic Agents" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antineoplastic Agents </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antineoplastic Agents"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antineoplastic+Agents%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antineoplastic+Agents%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Antineoplastic Agents"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Antineoplastic Agents"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Antineoplastic+Agents%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Antineoplastic Agents"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Antineoplastic Agents"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Antineoplastic Agents"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Benzenesulfonates" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Benzenesulfonates </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Benzenesulfonates"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Benzenesulfonates%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Benzenesulfonates%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Benzenesulfonates"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Benzenesulfonates"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Benzenesulfonates%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Benzenesulfonates"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Benzenesulfonates"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Benzenesulfonates"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword CTLA-4 Antigen" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> CTLA-4 Antigen </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword CTLA-4 Antigen"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22CTLA-4+Antigen%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22CTLA-4+Antigen%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="CTLA-4 Antigen"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="CTLA-4 Antigen"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22CTLA-4+Antigen%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="CTLA-4 Antigen"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""CTLA-4 Antigen"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""CTLA-4 Antigen"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions 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