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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1941 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Axis_invasion_and_dismemberment_of_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axis_invasion_and_dismemberment_of_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axis_invasion_and_dismemberment_of_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1942" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1942"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1942</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1942-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1943</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1943-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1943 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_Axis_offensives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_Axis_offensives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Critical Axis offensives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_Axis_offensives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_capitulation_and_Allied_support_for_the_Partisans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_capitulation_and_Allied_support_for_the_Partisans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Italian capitulation and Allied support for the Partisans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_capitulation_and_Allied_support_for_the_Partisans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1944</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1944-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1944 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Last_Axis_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_Axis_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Last Axis offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_Axis_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partisan_growth_to_domination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_growth_to_domination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Partisan growth to domination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partisan_growth_to_domination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_advances_in_Romania_and_Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_advances_in_Romania_and_Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Allied advances in Romania and Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_advances_in_Romania_and_Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberation_of_Belgrade_and_eastern_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberation_of_Belgrade_and_eastern_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Liberation of Belgrade and eastern Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberation_of_Belgrade_and_eastern_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>1945</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1945-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1945 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partisan_general_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_general_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Partisan general offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partisan_general_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Final operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes_and_atrocities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes_and_atrocities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>War crimes and atrocities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War_crimes_and_atrocities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War crimes and atrocities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War_crimes_and_atrocities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ustashas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ustashas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ustashas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ustashas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chetniks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chetniks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Chetniks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chetniks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>German forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Italian forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungarian_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungarian_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Hungarian forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungarian_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partisans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Partisans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partisans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Casualties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yugoslav_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslav_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Yugoslav casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslav_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Slovenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territory_of_the_NDH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory_of_the_NDH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Territory of the NDH</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory_of_the_NDH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>German casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Italian casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">World War II in Yugoslavia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الحرب العالمية الثانية في يوغوسلافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب العالمية الثانية في يوغوسلافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Югославия във Втората световна война – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Югославия във Втората световна война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka_borba_Jugoslavije" title="Narodnooslobodilačka borba Jugoslavije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Narodnooslobodilačka borba Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_Iugoslau" title="Front Iugoslau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Front Iugoslau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka_v_Jugosl%C3%A1vii" title="Druhá světová válka v Jugoslávii – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá světová válka v Jugoslávii" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslavien_under_2._verdenskrig" title="Jugoslavien under 2. verdenskrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jugoslavien under 2. verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%84_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia_durante_la_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Yugoslavia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yugoslavia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="جنگ جهانی دوم در یوگسلاوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ جهانی دوم در یوگسلاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_yougoslave_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Front yougoslave de la Seconde Guerre mondiale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Front yougoslave de la Seconde Guerre mondiale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B3%A0%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0" title="유고슬라비아 전선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유고슬라비아 전선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat_u_Jugoslaviji" title="Drugi svjetski rat u Jugoslaviji – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat u Jugoslaviji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II_di_Yugoslavia" title="Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronte_jugoslavo" title="Fronte jugoslavo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fronte jugoslavo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იუგოსლავიის სახალხო-გამათავისუფლებელი ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იუგოსლავიის სახალხო-გამათავისუფლებელი ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II_di_Yugoslavia" title="Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" 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href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_jugoslaviske_frigjeringskrigen" title="Den jugoslaviske frigjeringskrigen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den jugoslaviske frigjeringskrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87_%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%90_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="په يوګوسلاويا کې دويمه نړيواله جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="په يوګوسلاويا کې دويمه نړيواله جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Народно-освободительная война Югославии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народно-освободительная война Югославии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_svetovna_vojna_v_Jugoslaviji" title="Druga svetovna vojna v Jugoslaviji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Druga svetovna vojna v Jugoslaviji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Други светски рат у Југославији – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Други светски рат у Југославији" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat_u_Jugoslaviji" title="Drugi svjetski rat u Jugoslaviji – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat u Jugoslaviji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">World War II in Yugoslavia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European theatre of World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Liberation_War_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/National_Liberation_War_collage.jpg/300px-National_Liberation_War_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/National_Liberation_War_collage.jpg/450px-National_Liberation_War_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/National_Liberation_War_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />Clockwise from top left: <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a> visits <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Berghof_(residence)" title="Berghof (residence)">Berghof</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Filipovi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Filipović">Stjepan Filipović</a> hanged by the occupation forces; <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> confers with his troops; a group of <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> with German soldiers in a village in Serbia; <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> with members of the British mission</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">6 April 1941</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">25 May 1945</a><br />(4 years, 1 month, 1 week and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Partisan">Yugoslav Partisan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> victory </p> <ul><li>Defeat of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Fascist Italy</a> in the Balkans</li> <li>Defeat and overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Government of National Salvation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, and other Axis collaborators</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> officially abolish the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav monarchy</a></li> <li>Establishment of <a href="/wiki/Federal_People%27s_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a> under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></li> <li>Post-war <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans#Post-war" title="Yugoslav Partisans">mass killings in reprisal and repression</a> by Yugoslav Partisans</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">April 1941</a>:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a><br /><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a></span><br /><span data-sort-value="Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a></span></td><td colspan="2" style="width:67%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>April 1941:</b><br /><span data-sort-value="Yugoslavia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>1941 – <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">September 1943</a>:</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="376" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Government of National Salvation</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">a</a></sup> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%87anac_Chetniks" title="Pećanac Chetniks">Pećanac Chetniks</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Montenegro</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">a</a></sup></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania_under_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under Italy">Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Bulgaria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">a</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>1941–43:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_2"><a href="#endnote_2">b</a></sup></li> <li><b>Support:</b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>1941–43:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a></span></li> <li><b>Support:</b></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Soviet Union"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:67%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>September 1943–1945:</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="376" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Government of National Salvation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">until 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1944)</span></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Albania"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Bulgaria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">Bulgaria</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">until 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>1943–45:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">DF Yugoslavia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="Soviet Union"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_South" title="Kingdom of the South">Italy</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–45)</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">LANÇ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–45)</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–45)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 300,000 (1944)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971211_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971211-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy"><img alt="Fascist Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> 321,000 (1943)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001255_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001255-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia"><img alt="Independent State of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 170,000 (1943)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJelić_Butić1977270_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelić_Butić1977270-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />130,000 (1945)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColić197761–79_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColić197761–79-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)"><img alt="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 70,000 (1943)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski197149_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski197149-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001167_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001167-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation"><img alt="Government of National Salvation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></span> 60,000 (1944)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001183_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001183-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="540" /></span></span></span> 12,000 (1944)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001771_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001771-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:33%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> 700,000 (1941)<br /><small>(400,000 ill-prepared)</small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><hr /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks"><img alt="Chetniks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></span> 93,000 (1943)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorković9_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorković9-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> 100,000 (1943)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />800,000 (1945)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerica200496_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerica200496-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)"><img alt="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 580,000 (1944)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> 40,000 (1943)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:67%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Germany:<sup id="cite_ref-Sorge1986_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorge1986-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_3"><a href="#endnote_3">c</a></sup><br />19,235-103,693 killed<br />14,805 missing<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy"><img alt="Fascist Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Italy:<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_4"><a href="#endnote_4">d</a></sup><br />9,065 killed<br />15,160 wounded<br />6,306 missing<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia"><img alt="Independent State of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Independent State of Croatia:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011743–744_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011743–744-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />99,000 killed</td><td style="width:33%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Partisans:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011701_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011701-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />245,549 killed<br />399,880 wounded<br />31,200 died from wounds<br />28,925 missing</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Civilians killed:</b> ≈514,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–581,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Total Yugoslav casualties</b>: ≈850,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1,200,000</div><br /> <p><sup><b>a</b></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><b><a href="#ref_1">^</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis</a> puppet regime established on occupied <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> territory</span> <br /> <sup><b>b</b></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><b><a href="#ref_2">^</a></b> Initially a resistance movement. Engaged in collaboration with Axis forces from mid-1942 onward, lost official Allied support in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001226_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001226-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006147_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006147-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001308_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001308-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Full names: initially "Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army", then "Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland".</span> <br /> <sup><b>c</b></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><b><a href="#ref_3">^</a></b> Casualties in the Balkan area, including Greece, from April 1941 to January 1945</span> <br /> </p> <sup><b>d</b></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><b><a href="#ref_4">^</a></b> Including casualties in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">April invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campaigns_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Campaigns of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)#1944–1945:_The_Second_Front" title="Western Front (World War II)">1944–1945</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_France" title="Italian invasion of France">Alps 1940</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Alps" title="Second Battle of the Alps">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Balkans campaign (World War II)">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South West Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma and India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">pre-war border conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Attacks on Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Libya-Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Morocco-Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_World_War_II" title="Adriatic campaign of World War II">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_campaign" title="Dodecanese campaign">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Southern France</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other campaigns</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Peruvian_War" title="Ecuadorian–Peruvian War">Ecuador–Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Coups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_Nazi_coup_and_invasion_of_Uruguay" title="Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Norwegian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 Norwegian coup d'état">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionnaires%27_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Romania 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_Coup" title="Palm Sunday Coup">Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Voki%C4%87_plot" title="Lorković–Vokić plot">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">Romania 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panzerfaust" title="Operation Panzerfaust">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsue_incident" title="Matsue incident">Matsue</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Campaignbox Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">World War II in Yugoslavia</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1941</b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis invasion</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">Bombing of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Bombing of Sarajevo</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Uprisings</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina</b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1941_Sanski_Most_revolt" title="May 1941 Sanski Most revolt">Sanski Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">Eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drvar_uprising" title="Drvar uprising">Drvar uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Rogatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Olovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Uprising in Croatia</b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Crkva_incident" title="Bela Crkva incident">Bela Crkva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Banja Koviljača">Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_%C5%A0abac" title="Attack on Šabac">Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Attack on Kruševac">Kruševac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_operation" title="Mačva operation">Mačva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice"><i>Uzice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tre%C5%A1njica" title="Battle of Trešnjica">Trešnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic"><i>Mihailovic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sjenica_(1941)" title="Battle of Sjenica (1941)">Sjenica</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bullseye" title="Operation Bullseye">Bullseye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Pljevlja</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1942</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dra%C5%BEgo%C5%A1e" title="Battle of Dražgoše">Dražgoše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia"><i>Southeast Croatia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hydra_(Yugoslavia)" title="Operation Hydra (Yugoslavia)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prijedor" title="Operation Prijedor"><i>Prijedor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanos" title="Battle of Nanos">Nanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio"><i>Trio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_sabotage_of_Axis_communication_lines" title="Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines">Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Montenegro_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1942 Montenegro offensive">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Long_March" title="Partisan Long March">Partisan Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kupres_(1942)" title="Battle of Kupres (1942)">Kupres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Livno" title="Battle of Livno">Livno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa"><i>Alfa</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik"><i>Kopaonik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_operation" title="Bihać operation">Bihać</a></li></ul> <p><b>1943</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White"><i>Case White</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Greenwood%E2%80%93Rootham" title="Mission Greenwood–Rootham">Greenwood–Rootham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Otto_(1943)" title="Operation Otto (1943)"><i>Otto</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fungus" title="Operation Fungus">Fungus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hoathley_1" title="Operation Hoathley 1">Hoathley 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black"><i>Case Black</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Typical" title="Operation Typical"><i>Typical</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zvornik" title="Battle of Zvornik">Zvornik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Davidson" title="Mission Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gr%C4%8Darice" title="Battle of Grčarice">Grčarice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turjak" title="Siege of Turjak">Turjak Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maclean_Mission" title="Maclean Mission">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Višegrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Bombing of Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Bombing of Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Delphin" title="Operation Delphin"><i>Delphin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Rogers" title="Mission Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz"><i>Kugelblitz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ko%C4%8Devje" title="Battle of Kočevje">Kočevje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1944</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)#Anti-Partisan_operations_March_to_May_1944" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)"><i>Maibaum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">Bombing of Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mljet" title="Raid on Mljet">Raid on Mljet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%A0olta" title="Raid on Šolta">Raid on Šolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Dafoe" title="Mission Dafoe">Dafoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Lindsay" title="Mission Lindsay">Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)"><i>Rösselsprung</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Andrijevica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Halyard" title="Operation Halyard"><i>Halyard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_at_O%C5%BEbalt" title="Raid at Ožbalt">Ožbalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ratweek_(1944)" title="Operation Ratweek (1944)"><i>Ratweek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Serbia" title="Battle of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_operation" title="Niš operation">Niš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stracin%E2%80%93Kumanovo_operation" title="Stracin–Kumanovo operation">Stracin–Kumanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukov_Klanac" title="Battle of Vukov Klanac">Vukov Klanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregalnitsa%E2%80%93Strumica_operation" title="Bregalnitsa–Strumica operation">Bregalnitsa–Strumica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Floxo" title="Operation Floxo"><i>Floxo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_battle_over_Ni%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Air battle over Niš">Niš airspace incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Batina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desivojca" title="Battle of Desivojca">Desivojca</a></li></ul> <p><b>1945</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trnovo" title="Battle of Trnovo">Trnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Bombing of Zagreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Spring Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Transdanubian_Hills" title="Battle of the Transdanubian Hills">Transdanubian Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lika-Primorje_operation" title="Lika-Primorje operation">Lika-Primorje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagykanizsa-K%C3%B6rmend_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagykanizsa-Körmend Offensive">Nagykanizsa-Körmend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Operation" title="Sarajevo Operation">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste operation">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Zelengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Odžak</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Axis occupation of Serbia">Axis occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories" title="Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories">Hungarian occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">Kosovo during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_in_Yugoslavia_(1941%E2%80%931945)" title="Air warfare in Yugoslavia (1941–1945)">Air warfare in Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_bombing_of_Yugoslavia_in_World_War_II" title="Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II">Allied bombing campaign</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_Theatre" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_Theatre" title="Template:Campaignbox Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_Theatre" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_Theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_Theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II"><span class="wrap">Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_World_War_II" title="Adriatic campaign of World War II">Adriatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Bahrain_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Bahrain in World War II">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Balkans campaign (World War II)">Balkans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_bombing_of_Mandatory_Palestine_in_World_War_II" title="Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlas" title="Operation Atlas">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italian mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_campaign" title="Dodecanese campaign">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_Corsica#Liberation_of_Corsica_(Operation_Vesuvius)" title="Italian occupation of Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Alps" title="Second Battle of the Alps">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> began on 6 April 1941, when the country was <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invaded and swiftly conquered</a> by <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> forces and partitioned among <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client regimes</a>. Shortly after <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Germany attacked the USSR</a> on 22 June 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">communist</a>-led republican <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, on orders from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberation_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation war">liberation war</a> fighting against the Axis forces and their locally established <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet regimes</a>, including the Axis-allied <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (NDH) and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Government of National Salvation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German-occupied territory of Serbia</a>. This was dubbed the <b>National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution</b> in post-war Yugoslav communist historiography. Simultaneously, a multi-side <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> was waged between the Yugoslav communist Partisans, the Serbian royalist <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, the Axis-allied Croatian <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(World_War_II)" title="Croatian Home Guard (World War II)">Home Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_State_Guard" title="Serbian State Guard">State Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a>, as well as Nazi-allied <a href="/wiki/Russian_Protective_Corps" title="Russian Protective Corps">Russian Protective Corps</a> troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the Yugoslav Partisans and the Chetnik movement initially resisted the Axis invasion. However, after 1941, Chetniks extensively and systematically <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborated</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italian occupation forces</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Italian_capitulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian capitulation">Italian capitulation</a>, and thereon also with <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German</a> and Ustaše forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975246_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975246-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Axis mounted a <a href="/wiki/Seven_anti-partisan_offensives" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven anti-partisan offensives">series of offensives</a> intended to destroy the Partisans, coming close to doing so in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battles of Neretva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sutjeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sutjeska">Sutjeska</a> in the spring and summer of 1943. </p><p>Despite the setbacks, the Partisans remained a credible fighting force, with <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia">their organisation</a> gaining recognition from the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Western Allies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference#Results" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> and laying the foundations for the post-war Yugoslav socialist state. With support in logistics and air power from the Western Allies, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet ground troops</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a>, the Partisans eventually gained control of the entire country and of the border regions of <a href="/wiki/Trieste#World_War_II_and_aftermath" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carinthia#After_World_War_I_to_present" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a>. The victorious Partisans established the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. </p><p>The conflict in Yugoslavia had one of the highest death tolls by population in the war, and is usually estimated at around one million, about half of whom were civilians. Genocide and ethnic cleansing was carried out by the Axis forces (particularly the <i>Wehrmacht</i>) and their collaborators (particularly the Ustaše and Chetniks), and reprisal actions from the Partisans became more frequent towards the end of the war, and continued after it. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the outbreak of war, the government of <a href="/wiki/Milan_Stojadinovi%C4%87" title="Milan Stojadinović">Milan Stojadinović</a> (1935–1939) tried to navigate between the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> and the imperial powers by seeking neutral status, signing a non-aggression treaty with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> and extending its treaty of friendship with <a href="/wiki/Third_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third French Republic">France</a>. At the same time, the country was destabilized by internal tensions, as Croatian leaders demanded a greater level of autonomy. Stojadinović was sacked by the regent <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Prince Paul</a> in 1939 and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Dragi%C5%A1a_Cvetkovi%C4%87" title="Dragiša Cvetković">Dragiša Cvetković</a>, who negotiated a compromise with Croatian leader <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a> in 1939, resulting in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a>. </p><p>However, rather than reducing tensions, the agreement only reinforced the crisis in the country's governance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008131–132_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008131–132-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groups from both sides of the political spectrum were not satisfied: the pro-fascist <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> sought an independent Croatia allied with the Axis; Serbian public and military circles preferred alliance with the Western European empires, while the then-banned <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> saw the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as a natural ally. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">fall of France</a> in May 1940, Yugoslavia's Regent Prince Paul and his government saw no way of saving the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> except through accommodation with the Axis powers. Although Germany's <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> was not particularly interested in creating another front in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, and Yugoslavia itself remained at peace during the first year of the war, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s Italy had <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">invaded Albania</a> in April 1939 and launched the rather unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Italo-Greek_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Greek War">Italo-Greek War</a> in October 1940. These events resulted in Yugoslavia's geographical isolation from potential <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> support. The government tried to negotiate with the Axis on cooperation with as few concessions as possible, while attempting secret negotiations with the Allies and the Soviet Union, but these moves failed to keep the country out of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELampe2000198_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELampe2000198-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A secret mission to the U.S., led by the influential Serbian-Jewish Captain <a href="/wiki/David_Albala" title="David Albala">David Albala</a>, with the purpose of obtaining funding to buy arms for the expected invasion went nowhere,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while the Soviet Union's <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> expelled Yugoslav ambassador <a href="/wiki/Milan_Gavrilovi%C4%87" title="Milan Gavrilović">Milan Gavrilović</a> just one month after agreeing a treaty of friendship with Yugoslavia<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGorodetsky2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidwd0hGHrq7d4CpgPA130_130–]_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGorodetsky2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidwd0hGHrq7d4CpgPA130_130–]-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (prior to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">22 June 1941</a>, Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia adhered to the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">non-aggression pact</a> the parties had signed in August 1939 and in the autumn 1940, Germany and the Soviet Union had been in <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks" title="German–Soviet Axis talks">talks on the USSR's potential accession</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1941">1941</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1941"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having steadily fallen within the orbit of the Axis during 1940 after events such as the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award" title="Second Vienna Award">Second Vienna Award</a>, Yugoslavia followed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_accession_to_the_Tripartite_Pact" title="Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact">formally joined the Tripartite Pact</a> on 25 March 1941. Senior Serbian air force officers opposed to the move <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">staged a coup d'état</a> and took over in the following days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axis_invasion_and_dismemberment_of_Yugoslavia">Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="map of Axis-held Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg/550px-Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="496" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg/825px-Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg/1100px-Map_of_the_Axis_occupation_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia</figcaption></figure> <p>On 6 April 1941 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invaded</a> from all sides – by Germany, Italy, and <a href="/wiki/Hungary_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary during World War II">their ally Hungary</a>. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">Belgrade was bombed</a> by the German air force (<i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i>). The war, known in the post-Yugoslavia states as the <i>April War</i>, lasted little more than ten days, ending with the unconditional surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> on 17 April. Not only hopelessly ill-equipped compared to the German Army (<i><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Heer</a></i>), the Yugoslav army attempted to defend all of its borders, thinly spreading its scarce resources. Additionally, much of the population refused to fight, instead welcoming the Germans as liberators from government oppression. As this meant that each individual ethnic group would turn to movements opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">unity promoted by the South Slavic state</a>, two different concepts of anti-Axis resistance emerged: the royalist <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197326_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197326-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two of the principal constituent national groups, Slovenes and Croats, were not prepared to fight in defense of a Yugoslav state with a continued <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Serb monarchy</a>. The only effective opposition to the invasion was from units wholly from Serbia itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw197392_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw197392-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbian General Staff was united on the question of Yugoslavia as a "Greater Serbia" ruled, in one way or another, by Serbia. On the eve of the invasion, there were 165 generals on the Yugoslav active list. Of these, all but four were Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw197389_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw197389-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms of the surrender were extremely severe, as the Axis proceeded to dismember Yugoslavia. Germany <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexed</a> northern <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, while retaining <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">direct occupation over a rump Serbian state</a>. Germany also exercised considerable influence over the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (NDH) proclaimed on 10 April, which extended over much of today's <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and contained all of modern <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, despite the fact that the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Rome_(1941)" title="Treaties of Rome (1941)">Treaties of Rome</a> concluded between the NDH and Italy on 18 May envisioned the NDH becoming an effective protectorate of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mussolini's Italy gained the remainder of Slovenia, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, coastal and inland areas of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Littoral" title="Croatian Littoral">Croatian Littoral</a> and large chunks of the coastal <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> region (along with nearly all of the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> islands and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a>). It also gained control over the <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian governorate of Montenegro</a>, and was granted the kingship in the Independent State of Croatia, though wielding little real power within it; although it did (alongside Germany) maintain a de facto zone of influence within the borders of the NDH. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(Regency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (Regency)">Hungary</a> dispatched the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Third_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Third Army">Hungarian Third Army</a> to <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Vojvodina,_1941-1944" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Vojvodina, 1941-1944">occupy Vojvodina</a> in northern Serbia, and later <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories" title="Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories">forcibly annexed sections of Baranja, Bačka, Međimurje, and Prekmurje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Bulgaria during World War II">The Bulgarian army</a> moved in on 19 April 1941, occupying nearly all of modern-day <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and some districts of eastern Serbia which, with Greek western Thrace and eastern Macedonia (the Aegean Province), were annexed by Bulgaria on 14 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199524_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199524-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">government in exile</a> was now only recognized by the Allied powers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalmon1998294_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalmon1998294-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Axis had recognized the territorial acquisitions of their allied states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008241–64_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008241–64-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_resistance">Early resistance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the start, the Yugoslav resistance forces consisted of two factions: the Partisans, a communist-led movement propagating pan-Yugoslav tolerance ("<a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">brotherhood and unity</a>") and incorporating republican, left-wing and liberal elements of Yugoslav politics, on one hand, and the Chetniks, a conservative royalist and nationalist force, enjoying support almost exclusively from the <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a> population in occupied Yugoslavia, on the other hand. From the start and until 1943, the Chetniks, who fought in the name of the London-based King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a>'s Yugoslav government-in-exile, enjoyed recognition and support from the Western Allies, while the Partisans were supported by the Soviet Union. </p><p>At the very beginning, the Partisan forces were relatively small, poorly armed, and without any infrastructure. But they had two major advantages over other military and <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> formations in former Yugoslavia: the first and most immediate advantage was a small but valuable cadre of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_volunteers_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War veterans</a>. Unlike some of the other military and paramilitary formations, these veterans had experience with a modern war fought in circumstances quite similar to those found in World War II Yugoslavia. In Slovenia, the Partisans likewise drew on the experienced <a href="/wiki/TIGR" title="TIGR">TIGR</a> members to train troops. </p><p>Their other major advantage, which became more apparent in the later stages of the War, was in the Partisans being founded on a communist ideology rather than <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>. Therefore, they won support that crossed national lines, meaning they could expect at least some levels of support in almost any corner of the country, unlike other paramilitary formations limited to territories with Croat or Serb majority. This allowed their units to be more mobile and fill their ranks with a larger pool of potential recruits. </p><p>While the activity of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a> Partisans was part of the Yugoslav People's Liberation War, the specific conditions in Macedonia and Slovenia, due to the strong <a href="/wiki/Autonomism_(political_doctrine)" title="Autonomism (political doctrine)">autonomist</a> tendencies of the local communists, led to the creation of separate sub-armies called the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army of Macedonia">People's Liberation Army of Macedonia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovene Partisans</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Front_of_the_Slovene_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Front of the Slovene People">Liberation Front of the Slovene People</a>, respectively. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723,_Marburg-Drau,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723%2C_Marburg-Drau%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723%2C_Marburg-Drau%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723%2C_Marburg-Drau%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723%2C_Marburg-Drau%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723%2C_Marburg-Drau%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0723%2C_Marburg-Drau%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>, Yugoslavia in 1941. He later ordered his officials "to make these lands German again".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200185_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200185-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The most numerous local force, apart from the four second-line German Wehrmacht infantry divisions assigned to occupation duties, was the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(World_War_II)" title="Croatian Home Guard (World War II)">Croatian Home Guard</a> (<i>Hrvatsko domobranstvo</i>) founded in April 1941, a few days after the founding of the NDH. The force was formed with the authorisation of German authorities. The task of the new Croatian armed forces was to defend the new state against both foreign and domestic enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001419_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001419-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Croatian Home Guard was originally limited to 16 infantry <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> and 2 cavalry <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadrons</a> – 16,000 men in total. The original 16 battalions were soon enlarged to 15 infantry regiments of two battalions each between May and June 1941, organised into five divisional commands, some 55,000 enlisted men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Support units included 35 light tanks supplied by Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001420_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001420-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10 artillery battalions (equipped with captured Royal Yugoslav Army weapons of Czech origin), a cavalry regiment in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> and an independent cavalry battalion at <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>. Two independent motorized infantry battalions were based at Zagreb and Sarajevo respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several regiments of Ustaše militia were also formed at this time, which operated under a separate command structure to, and independently from, the Croatian Home Guard, until late 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Home Guard crushed the <a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">Serb revolt in Eastern Herzegovina</a> in June 1941, and in July they fought in Eastern and Western Bosnia. They fought in Eastern Herzegovina again, when Croatian-Dalmatian and Slavonian battalions reinforced local units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Comando_Supremo" title="Comando Supremo">Italian High Command</a> assigned 24 divisions and three coastal brigades to occupation duties in Yugoslavia from 1941. These units were located from Slovenia, Croatia and Dalmatia through to Montenegro and Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199510_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199510-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1931 to 1939, the Soviet Union had prepared communists for a guerrilla war in Yugoslavia. On the eve of the war, hundreds of future prominent Yugoslav communist leaders completed special "partisan courses" organised by the Soviet military intelligence in the Soviet Union and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimofejev2011_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimofejev2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day Germany attacked the Soviet Union, on 22 June 1941, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) received orders from Moscow-based <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> to come to the Soviet Union's aid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, Croatian communists set up the <a href="/wiki/First_Sisak_Partisan_Detachment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sisak Partisan Detachment">1st Sisak Partisan Detachment</a>, the first armed anti-fascist resistance unit formed by a resistance movement in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavličević2007441–442_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavličević2007441–442-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The detachment began resistance activities the day after its creation;<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launching sabotage and diversionary attacks on nearby railway lines, destroying telegraph poles, attacking municipal buildings in surrounding villages, seizing arms and ammunition and creating a Communist propaganda network in Sisak and nearby villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the CPY's Provincial Committee for Serbia made its decision to launch an <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">armed uprising in Serbia</a> and put together its Supreme Staff of the National Liberation Partisan Units of Yugoslavia to be chaired by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 July, a formal order to begin the uprising was issued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 July, the <a href="/wiki/Bela_Crkva_incident" title="Bela Crkva incident">Bela Crkva incident</a> happened, which would later be considered the beginning of the uprising in Serbia. On 10 August 1941 in Stanulović, a mountain village, the Partisans formed the Kopaonik Partisan Detachment Headquarters. Their liberated area, consisting of nearby villages and called the "Miners Republic", was the first in Yugoslavia, and lasted 42 days. The resistance fighters formally joined the ranks of the Partisans later on. </p><p>The Chetnik movement (officially the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland, JVUO) was organised following the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army by some of the remaining Yugoslav soldiers. This force was organised in the <a href="/wiki/Ravna_Gora_(Suvobor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravna Gora (Suvobor)">Ravna Gora</a> district of western Serbia under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> in mid-May 1941. However, unlike the Partisans, Mihailović's forces were almost entirely ethnic Serbs. The Partisans and Chetniks attempted to cooperate early during the conflict and Chetniks were active in the uprising in Serbia, but this fell apart thereafter. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png/220px-Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png/330px-Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png/440px-Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1941.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Uprising in Yugoslavia, September 1941.</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1941, Partisans organised <a href="/wiki/Sabotage_at_the_General_Post_Office_in_Zagreb" title="Sabotage at the General Post Office in Zagreb">sabotage at the General Post Office in Zagreb</a>. As the levels of resistance to its occupation grew, the Axis Powers responded with numerous minor offensives. There were also <a href="/wiki/Seven_anti-partisan_offensives" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven anti-partisan offensives">seven major Axis operations</a> specifically aimed at eliminating all or most Yugoslav Partisan resistance. These major offensives were typically combined efforts by the German <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Italy</a>, Chetniks, the Independent State of Croatia, the Serbian collaborationist government, Bulgaria, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">First Anti-Partisan Offensive</a> was the attack conducted by the Axis in autumn of 1941 against the "<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">Republic of Užice</a>", a liberated territory the Partisans established in western Serbia. In November 1941, German troops attacked and reoccupied this territory, with the majority of Partisan forces escaping towards <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>. It was during this offensive that tenuous collaboration between the Partisans and the royalist Chetnik movement broke down and turned into open hostility. </p><p>After fruitless negotiations, the Chetnik leader, General Mihailović, turned against the Partisans as his main enemy. According to him, the reason was humanitarian: the prevention of German reprisals against Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey198080_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey198080-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This however, did not stop the activities of the Partisan resistance, and Chetnik units attacked the Partisans in November 1941, while increasingly receiving supplies and cooperating with the Germans and Italians in this. The British liaison to Mihailović advised London to stop supplying the Chetniks after the Užice attack (see <a href="/wiki/First_Anti-Partisan_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anti-Partisan Offensive">First Anti-Partisan Offensive</a>), but Britain continued to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 December 1941 the Partisans formed the <a href="/wiki/1st_Proletarian_Assault_Brigade_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Proletarian Assault Brigade (Yugoslav Partisans)">1st Proletarian Assault Brigade</a> (<i>1. Proleterska Udarna Brigada</i>) – the first regular Partisan military unit capable of operating outside its local area. 22 December became the "Day of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1942">1942</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1942"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia##" title="Talk:World War II in Yugoslavia">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22World+War+II+in+Yugoslavia%22">"World War II in Yugoslavia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22World+War+II+in+Yugoslavia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22World+War+II+in+Yugoslavia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22World+War+II+in+Yugoslavia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22World+War+II+in+Yugoslavia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22World+War+II+in+Yugoslavia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A,_Balkan,_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A%2C_Balkan%2C_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A%2C_Balkan%2C_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A%2C_Balkan%2C_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A%2C_Balkan%2C_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A%2C_Balkan%2C_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-602-B1242-25A%2C_Balkan%2C_italienische_Sp%C3%A4hpanzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Italian armored cars in the Balkans.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25,_Balkan,_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25%2C_Balkan%2C_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25%2C_Balkan%2C_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25%2C_Balkan%2C_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25%2C_Balkan%2C_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25%2C_Balkan%2C_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-173-1103-25%2C_Balkan%2C_Beutepanzer_H39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>German forces with French-made H39 tanks fording a river.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 January 1942, the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(Bulgaria)" title="First Army (Bulgaria)">Bulgarian 1st Army</a>, with three infantry divisions, transferred to south-eastern Serbia. Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>, it replaced German divisions needed in Croatia and the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chetniks initially enjoyed the support of the Western Allies (up to the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> in December 1943). In 1942, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i> featured an article which praised the "success" of Mihailović's Chetniks and heralded him as the sole defender of freedom in Nazi-occupied Europe. </p><p>Tito's Partisans fought the Germans more actively during this time. Tito and Mihailović had a bounty of 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">Reichsmarks</a> offered by Germans for their heads. While "officially" remaining mortal enemies of the Germans and the Ustaše, the Chetniks were known for making clandestine deals with the Italians. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Enemy Offensive">Second Enemy Offensive</a> was a coordinated Axis attack conducted in January 1942 against Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia. The Partisan troops once again avoided encirclement and were forced to retreat over the <a href="/wiki/Igman" title="Igman">Igman</a> mountain near Sarajevo. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Third Enemy Offensive</a>, an offensive against Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Sandžak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a> which took place in the spring of 1942, was known as <i>Operation TRIO</i> by the Germans, and again ended with a timely Partisan escape. Over the course of the summer, they conducted the so-called <a href="/wiki/Partisan_Long_March" title="Partisan Long March">Partisan Long March</a> westwards through Bosnia and Herzegovina, while at the same time the Axis conducted the <a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a> in northwestern Bosnia. </p><p>The Partisans fought an increasingly successful <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla campaign</a> against the Axis occupiers and their <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy#Yugoslavia" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">local collaborators</a>, including the Chetniks (which they also considered collaborators). They enjoyed gradually increased levels of success and support of the general populace, and succeeded in controlling large chunks of Yugoslav territory. <a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_committees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's committees (page does not exist)">People's committees</a> were organised to act as civilian governments in areas of the country liberated by the Partisans. In places, even limited arms industries were set up. </p><p>To gather <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence</a>, agents of the Western Allies were infiltrated into both the Partisans and the Chetniks. The intelligence gathered by liaisons to the resistance groups was crucial to the success of supply missions and was the primary influence on Allied strategy in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. The search for intelligence ultimately resulted in the decline of the Chetniks and their eclipse by Tito's Partisans. In 1942, though supplies were limited, token support was sent equally to each. In November 1942, Partisan detachments were officially merged into the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (<i>NOV i POJ</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stahl,_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stahl%2C_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg/220px-Stahl%2C_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stahl%2C_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg/330px-Stahl%2C_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Stahl%2C_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg/440px-Stahl%2C_Ustase_officer_and_Radic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1527" /></a><figcaption>German <i><a href="/wiki/General_(Germany)" title="General (Germany)">Generalmajor</a></i> (Brigadier) Friedrich Stahl stands alongside an <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustaše militia">Ustaša</a> officer and <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetnik</a> commander Rade Radić in central Bosnia in mid–1942.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1943">1943</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1943"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_Axis_offensives">Critical Axis offensives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Critical Axis offensives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first half of 1943 two Axis offensives came close to defeating the Partisans. They are known by their German code names <a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Fall Weiss</a> <i>(Case White)</i> and <a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Fall Schwarz</a> <i>(Case Black)</i>, as the Battle of Neretva and the Battle of Sutjeska after the rivers in the areas they were fought, or the Fourth and Fifth Enemy Offensive, respectively, according to former Yugoslav historiography. </p><p>On 7 January 1943, the Bulgarian 1st Army also occupied south-west Serbia. Savage pacification measures reduced Partisan activity appreciably. Bulgarian infantry divisions in the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_anti-Partisan_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth anti-Partisan Offensive">Fifth anti-Partisan Offensive</a> blocked the Partisan escape-route from Montenegro into <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_anti-Partisan_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth anti-Partisan Offensive">Sixth anti-Partisan Offensive</a> in Eastern Bosnia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Yugoslav_Partisan_negotiations" title="German–Yugoslav Partisan negotiations">Negotiations between Germans and Partisans</a> started on 11 March 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Gornji_Vakuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gornji Vakuf">Gornji Vakuf</a>, Bosnia. Tito's key officers <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Velebit" title="Vladimir Velebit">Vladimir Velebit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da_Popovi%C4%87" title="Koča Popović">Koča Popović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a> brought three proposals, first about an exchange of prisoners, second about the implementation of international law on treatment of prisoners and third about political questions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELekovic198583_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELekovic198583-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegation expressed concerns about Italian involvement in supplying the Chetnik army and stated that the National Liberation Movement was an independent movement, with no aid from the Soviet Union or the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELekovic198586–87_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELekovic198586–87-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somewhat later, Đilas and Velebit were brought to Zagreb to continue the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975245_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975245-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Fourth Enemy Offensive, also known as the Battle of the Neretva or <i>Fall Weiss</i> (Case White), Axis forces pushed Partisan troops to retreat from <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Republic" title="Bihać Republic">western Bosnia</a> to northern Herzegovina, culminating in the Partisan retreat over the <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a> river. This took place from January to April, 1943. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg/220px-Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg/330px-Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg/440px-Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Partisan liberated territory in Yugoslavia, May 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Fifth Enemy Offensive, also known as the Battle of the Sutjeska or <i>Fall Schwarz</i> (Case Black), immediately followed the Fourth Offensive and included a complete encirclement of Partisan forces in southeastern Bosnia and northern Montenegro in May and June 1943. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In that August of my arrival [1943] there were over 30 enemy divisions on the territory of Jugoslavia, as well as a large number of satellite and police formations of Ustashe and Domobrani (military formations of the puppet Croat State), German Sicherheitsdienst, chetniks, Neditch militia, Ljotitch militia, and others. The partisan movement may have counted up to 150,000 fighting men and women (perhaps five per cent women) in close and inextricable co-operation with several million peasants, the people of the country. Partisan numbers were liable to increase rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonContact_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonContact-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Croatian Home Guard reached its maximum size at the end of 1943, when it had 130,000 men. It also included an air force, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia">Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia</a> (<i>Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske</i>, or ZNDH), the backbone of which was provided by 500 former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> officers and 1,600 NCOs with 125 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200260_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200260-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1943 the ZNDH was 9,775 strong and equipped with 295 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_capitulation_and_Allied_support_for_the_Partisans">Italian capitulation and Allied support for the Partisans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italian capitulation and Allied support for the Partisans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png/220px-Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png/330px-Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png/440px-Ustanak_u_Jugoslaviji_1943.png 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>Uprising in occupied Yugoslavia after <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitulation of Italy">capitulation of Italy</a>, September 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 September 1943, the Italians concluded <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">an armistice with the Allies</a>, leaving 17 divisions stranded in Yugoslavia. All divisional commanders refused to join the Germans. Two Italian infantry divisions joined the Montenegrin Partisans as complete units, while another joined the Albanian Partisans. Other units surrendered to the Germans to face imprisonment in Germany or <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary execution</a>. Others surrendered themselves and their arms, ammunition and equipment to Croatian forces or to the Partisans, simply disintegrated, or reached Italy on foot via Trieste or by ship across the Adriatic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian <a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorship of Dalmatia">Governorship of Dalmatia</a> was disestablished and the country's possessions were subsequently divided between Germany, which established its <a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Adriatic_Littoral" title="Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral">Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral</a>, and the Independent State of Croatia, which established the new district of Sidraga-Ravni Kotari. The former Italian kingdoms <a href="/wiki/Albania_under_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under Nazi Germany">of Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">of Montenegro</a> were placed under German occupation. </p><p>On 25 September 1943, the German High Command launched Operation <i>"Istrien"</i>, and on October 21 the military operation <i>"Wolkenbruch"</i> with the aim of destroying Partisan units in the Slovene-populated lands, <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a> and the Littoral. In that operation 2,500 Istrians were killed among whom were Partisans and civilians including women, children, and elderly. Partisan units which did not withdraw from Istria in time were completely destroyed. German troops, including the SS division "Prinz Eugen", on September 25 began to carry out a plan for the complete destruction of the Partisans in <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Littoral" title="Slovene Littoral">Primorska</a> and Istria.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (May 2023)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Events in 1943 brought about a change in the attitude of the Allies. The Germans were executing Fall Schwarz (Battle of Sutjeska, the Fifth anti-Partisan offensive), one of a series of offensives aimed at the resistance fighters, when <a href="/wiki/William_Deakin" title="William Deakin">F.W.D. Deakin</a> was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Typical" title="Operation Typical">sent by the British</a> to gather information. His reports contained two important observations. The first was that the Partisans were courageous and aggressive in battling the German <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain</a> and 104th Light Division, had suffered significant casualties, and required support. The second observation was that the entire German 1st Mountain Division had transited from the Soviet Union on rail lines through Chetnik-controlled territory. British intercepts (ULTRA) of German message traffic confirmed Chetnik timidity. Even though today many circumstances, facts, and motivations remain unclear, intelligence reports resulted in increased Allied interest in Yugoslavia air operations and shifted policy. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Sixth Enemy Offensive</a> was a series of operations undertaken by the Wehrmacht and the Ustaše after the <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitulation of Italy">capitulation of Italy</a> in an attempt to secure the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coast. It took place in the autumn and winter of 1943/1944. </p><p>At this point the Partisans were able to win the moral, as well as limited material support of the Western Allies, who until then had supported Mihailović's Chetnik Forces, but were finally convinced of their collaboration by many intelligence-gathering missions dispatched to both sides during the course of the war. </p><p>In September 1943, at Churchill's request, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Fitzroy_Maclean,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet">Fitzroy Maclean</a> was <a href="/wiki/Maclean_Mission" title="Maclean Mission">parachuted to Tito's headquarters</a> near <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a> to serve as a permanent, formal liaison to the Partisans. While the Chetniks were still occasionally supplied, the Partisans received the bulk of all future support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin194634_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin194634-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a> (the Partisan wartime council in Yugoslavia) was eventually recognized by the Allies, by late 1943, the official recognition of the Partisan <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a> soon followed. The <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia">National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia</a> was recognized by the major Allied powers at the Tehran Conference, when United States agreed to the position of other Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly recognized Yugoslav government, headed by Prime Minister Tito, was a joint body formed of AVNOJ members and the members of the former government-in-exile in London. The resolution of a fundamental question, whether the new state would remained a monarchy or become a republic, was postponed until the end of the war, as was the status of King Peter II. </p><p>Subsequent to switching their support to the Partisans, the Allies set up the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Balkan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Balkan Air Force">RAF Balkan Air Force</a> (at the suggestion of Maclean) with the aim to provide increased supplies and tactical air support for Marshal Tito's Partisan forces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1944">1944</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_Axis_offensive">Last Axis offensive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Last Axis offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1944, Tito's forces unsuccessfully attacked <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a>. But, while Tito was forced to withdraw, Mihajlović and his forces were also noted by the Western press for their lack of activity.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Enemy Offensive">Seventh Enemy Offensive</a> was the final Axis attack in western Bosnia in the spring of 1944, which included <i>Operation Rösselsprung</i> (Knight's Leap), an unsuccessful attempt to eliminate Josip Broz Tito personally and annihilate the leadership of the Partisan movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisan_growth_to_domination">Partisan growth to domination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Partisan growth to domination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allied aircraft specifically started targeting ZNDH (Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia) and Luftwaffe bases and aircraft for the first time as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)">Seventh Offensive</a>, including <i>Operation Rösselsprung</i> in late May 1944. Up until then Axis aircraft could fly inland almost at will, as long as they remained at low altitude. Partisan units on the ground frequently complained about enemy aircraft attacking them while hundreds of Allied aircraft flew above at higher altitude. This changed during <i>Rösselsprung</i> as Allied fighter-bombers went low en-masse for the first time, establishing full <a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">aerial superiority</a>. Consequently, both the ZNDH and Luftwaffe were forced to limit their operations in clear weather to early morning and late afternoon hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007113_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007113-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yugoslav Partisan movement grew to become the largest resistance force in occupied Europe, with 800,000 men organised in 4 <a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">field armies</a>. Eventually the Partisans prevailed against all of their opponents as the official army of the newly founded Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). </p><p>In 1944, the Macedonian and Serbian commands made contact in southern Serbia and formed a joint command, which consequently placed the Macedonian Partisans under the direct command of Marshal Tito.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Slovene Partisans also merged with Tito's forces in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-McQueen2006_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McQueen2006-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004167–168_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004167–168-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 June 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Tito-%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito-Šubašić agreement">Tito-Šubašić agreement</a> between the Partisans and the Yugoslav Government in exile of Peter II was signed on the island of <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a>. This agreement was an attempt to form a new Yugoslav government which would include both the communists and the <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">royalists</a>. It called for a merge of the Partisan <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_of_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia">Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia</a> (<i>Antifašističko V(ij)eće Narodnog Oslobođenja Jugoslavije</i>, AVNOJ) and the Government in exile. The Tito-Šubašić agreement also called on all Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs to join the Partisans. The Partisans were recognized by the Royal Government as Yugoslavia's regular army. Mihajlović and many Chetniks refused to answer the call. The Chetniks were, however, praised for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Halyard" title="Operation Halyard">saving 500 downed Allied pilots</a> in 1944; United States President Harry S. Truman posthumously awarded Mihailović the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> for his contribution to the Allied victory.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_advances_in_Romania_and_Bulgaria">Allied advances in Romania and Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Allied advances in Romania and Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png/220px-Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png/330px-Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png/440px-Balkanfront_19440831-19441130.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Map of German retreat in autumn 1944 (week by week)</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1944 after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive">Jassy-Kishinev Offensive</a> overwhelmed the front line of Germany's <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_South_Ukraine" title="Army Group South Ukraine">Army Group South Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Michael%27s_Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="King Michael's Coup">King Michael I of Romania staged a coup</a>, Romania quit the war, and the Romanian army was placed under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. Romanian forces, fighting against Germany, participated in the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague Offensive">Prague Offensive</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> quit as well and, on 10 September, declared war on Germany and its remaining allies. The weak divisions sent by the Axis powers to invade Bulgaria were easily driven back. </p><p>In Macedonia, the Germans swiftly disarmed the 1st Occupation Corps of 5 divisions and the 5th Army, despite short-lived resistance by the latter. Survivors fought their way back to the old borders of Bulgaria. </p><p>After the occupation of Bulgaria by the Soviet army, negotiations between Tito and the Bulgarian communist leaders were organised which ultimately resulted in a military alliance between the two. </p><p>In late September 1944, three Bulgarian armies, some 455,000 strong in total led by General Georgi Marinov Mandjev, entered Yugoslavia with the strategic task of blocking the German forces withdrawing from Greece. </p><p>The new Bulgarian People's Army and the Red Army <a href="/wiki/3rd_Ukrainian_Front" title="3rd Ukrainian Front">3rd Ukrainian Front</a> troops were concentrated at the old Bulgarian-Yugoslav border. At the dawn of October 8, they entered Yugoslavia from the south. The First and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(Bulgaria)" title="Fourth Army (Bulgaria)">Fourth Bulgarian Armies</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Macedonia" title="Vardar Macedonia">Vardar Macedonia</a>, and the Second Army south-eastern Serbia. The First Army then swung north with the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front, through eastern Yugoslavia and south-western Hungary, before linking up with the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">British 8th Army</a> in Austria in May 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199533_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199533-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberation_of_Belgrade_and_eastern_Yugoslavia">Liberation of Belgrade and eastern Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Liberation of Belgrade and eastern Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg/220px-1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg/330px-1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg/440px-1944_Yugoslavia_liberated_territories.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Territories under Partisan control, September 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>Concurrently, with Allied air support and assistance from the Red Army, the Partisans turned their attention to <a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a>. The chief objective was to disrupt railroad communications in the valleys of the Vardar and Morava rivers, and prevent Germans from withdrawing their 300,000+ forces from Greece. </p><p>The Allied air forces sent 1,973 aircraft (mostly from the US 15th Air Force) over Yugoslavia, which discharged over 3,000 tons of bombs. On 17 August 1944, Tito offered an amnesty to all collaborators. On 12 September, Peter II broadcast a message from London, calling upon all Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to "join the National Liberation Army under the leadership of Marshal Tito". The message reportedly had a devastating effect on the morale of the Chetniks, many of which later defected to the Partisans. They were followed by a substantial number of former Croatian Home Guard and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a> troops. </p><p>In September under the leadership of the new Bulgarian pro-Soviet government, four Bulgarian armies, 455,000 strong in total, were mobilized. By the end of September, the Red Army (3rd Ukrainian Front) troops were concentrated at the Bulgarian-Yugoslav border. In the early October 1944 three Bulgarian armies, consisting of around 340,000 men,<sup id="cite_ref-p._134_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._134-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with the Red Army, reentered occupied Yugoslavia and moved from Sofia to Niš, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a> to block the German forces withdrawing from Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Red Army organised the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a>, and took the city on 20 October. </p><p>The partisans meanwhile attempted to stem the German withdrawal as the German <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_E" title="Army Group E">Army Group E</a> abandoned Greece and Albania via Yugoslavia and withdraw to defence lines further north. In September 1944, the allies launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ratweek_(1944)" title="Operation Ratweek (1944)">Operation Ratweek</a>, aiming to frustrate German movements through Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. The British also sent a powerful combat unit launching <a href="/wiki/Operation_Floxo" title="Operation Floxo">Operation Floxo</a> (known as 'Floydforce') composing of artillery and engineers which the Partisans were lacking. The Partisans with British artillery were able to stem the Germans and liberated <a href="/wiki/Risan" title="Risan">Risan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> between October and December. By this time the Partisans effectively controlled the entire eastern half of Yugoslavia – Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro – as well as most of the Dalmatian coast. The Wehrmacht and the forces of the Ustaše-controlled Independent State of Croatia fortified a <a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">front in Syrmia</a> that held through the winter of 1944–45 in order to aid the evacuation of Army Group E from the Balkans. </p><p>To raise the number of Partisan troops Tito again offered the amnesty on 21 November 1944. In November 1944, the units of the Ustaše militia and the Croatian Home Guard were reorganised and combined to form the Army of the Independent State of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1945">1945</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Every German unit which could safely evacuate from Yugoslavia might count itself lucky."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonRules_and_Reasons_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonRules_and_Reasons-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Germans continued their retreat. Having lost the easier withdrawal route through Serbia, they fought to hold the Syrmian front in order to secure the more difficult passage through Kosovo, Sandzak and Bosnia. They even scored a series of temporary successes against the People's Liberation Army. They left Mostar on 12 February 1945. They did not leave Sarajevo until 15 April. Sarajevo had assumed a last-moment strategic position as the only remaining withdrawal route and was held at substantial cost. In early March the Germans moved troops from southern Bosnia to support an unsuccessful counter-offensive in Hungary, which enabled the NOV to score some successes by attacking the Germans' weakened positions. Although strengthened by Allied aid, a secure rear and mass conscription in areas under their control, the one-time partisans found it difficult to switch to conventional warfare, particularly in the open country west of Belgrade, where the Germans held their own until mid-April in spite of all of the raw and untrained conscripts the NOV hurled in a bloody war of attrition against the Syrmian Front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008258_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008258-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 March 1945, a coalition Yugoslav government was formed in Belgrade with Tito as Premier and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a> as foreign minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisan_general_offensive">Partisan general offensive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Partisan general offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg/220px-Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg/330px-Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg/440px-Dans_le_combat_ils_forgent_une_patrie_libre_et_fraternelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>1945 propaganda poster: "In combat they are forging a free and fraternal nation."</figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 March 1945, the Partisans launched a general offensive in the <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Višegrad">Višegrad</a>-<a href="/wiki/Drina_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Drina River">Drina</a> sector. With large swaths of Bosnian, Croatian and Slovenian countryside already under Partisan guerrilla control, the final operations consisted in connecting these territories and capturing major cities and roads. For the general offensive Marshal Josip Broz Tito commanded a Partisan force of about 800,000 men organised into four armies: the </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="1st Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">1st Army</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Peko_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Peko Dapčević">Peko Dapčević</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="2nd Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">2nd Army</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da_Popovi%C4%87" title="Koča Popović">Koča Popović</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="3rd Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">3rd Army</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Kosta_Na%C4%91" title="Kosta Nađ">Kosta Nađ</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="4th Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">4th Army</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Petar_Drap%C5%A1in" title="Petar Drapšin">Petar Drapšin</a>.</li></ul> <p>In addition, the Yugoslav Partisans had eight independent army corps (the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, and the 10th). </p><p>Set against the Yugoslav Partisans was German General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_L%C3%B6hr" title="Alexander Löhr">Alexander Löhr</a> of Army Group E (<i>Heeresgruppe E</i>). This Army Group had seven army corps : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XV_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XV Mountain Corps (Germany)">XV Mountain Corps</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corps" title="XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps">XV Cossack Corps</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXI_Mountain_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXI Mountain Corps (Germany)">XXI Mountain Corps</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXIV_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXXIV Corps (Germany)">XXXIV Infantry Corps</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXIX_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="LXIX Corps (Germany)">LXIX Infantry Corps</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXXXXVII_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="LXXXXVII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">LXXXXVII Infantry Corps</a>.</li></ul> <p>These corps included seventeen weakened divisions (<a href="/wiki/1st_Cossack_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Cossack Division">1st Cossack</a>, 2nd Cossack, <a href="/wiki/7th_SS_Volunteer_Mountain_Division_Prinz_Eugen" title="7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen">7th SS</a>, <a href="/wiki/11th_Luftwaffe_Field_Division" title="11th Luftwaffe Field Division">11th</a> <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe_Field_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Luftwaffe Field Division">Luftwaffe Field Division</a>, 22nd, <a href="/wiki/41st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="41st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">41st</a>, 104th, 117th, 138th, <a href="/wiki/181st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="181st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">181st</a>, 188th, 237th, <a href="/wiki/297th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="297th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">297th</a>, <a href="/wiki/369th_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="369th (Croatian) Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">369th Croat</a>, <a href="/wiki/373rd_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">373rd Croat</a>, <a href="/wiki/392nd_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">392nd Croat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Ukrainian)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)">14th SS Ukrainian Division</a>). In addition to the seven corps, the Axis had remnant naval and Luftwaffe forces, under constant attack by the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan19959_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan19959-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force-_Italy,_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe,_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Royal_Air_Force-_Italy%2C_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe%2C_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg/300px-Royal_Air_Force-_Italy%2C_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe%2C_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Royal_Air_Force-_Italy%2C_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe%2C_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg/450px-Royal_Air_Force-_Italy%2C_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe%2C_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Royal_Air_Force-_Italy%2C_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe%2C_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg/600px-Royal_Air_Force-_Italy%2C_the_Balkans_and_South-east_Europe%2C_1942-1945._CL3482.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1721" /></a><figcaption>British <a href="/wiki/RAF_Regiment" title="RAF Regiment">RAF field regiment</a> in Croatia with German prisoners captured by partisan forces at <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The army of the Independent State of Croatia was at the time composed of eighteen divisions: 13 infantry, two mountain, two assault and one replacement Croatian Divisions, each with its own <a href="/wiki/Organic_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic unit">organic</a> artillery and other support units. There were also several armoured units. From early 1945, the Croatian Divisions were allocated to various German corps and by March 1945 were holding the Southern Front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Securing the rear areas were some 32,000 men of the Croatian <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> (<i>Hrvatsko Oružništvo</i>), organised into 5 Police Volunteer Regiments plus 15 independent battalions, equipped with standard light infantry weapons, including mortars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199530_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199530-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia (<i>Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske</i>, or ZNDH) and the units of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force_Legion" title="Croatian Air Force Legion">Croatian Air Force Legion</a> (<i>Hrvatska Zrakoplovna Legija</i>, or HZL), returned from service on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> provided some level of air support (attack, fighter and transport) right up until May 1945, encountering and sometimes defeating opposing aircraft from the British Royal Air Force, United States Air Force and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a>. Although 1944 had been a catastrophic year for the ZNDH, with aircraft losses amounting to 234, primarily on the ground, it entered 1945 with 196 machines. Further deliveries of new aircraft from Germany continued in the early months of 1945 to replace losses. By 10 March, the ZNDH had 23 <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a> G&Ks, three <a href="/wiki/Morane-Saulnier_M.S.406" title="Morane-Saulnier M.S.406">Morane-Saulnier M.S.406</a>, six <a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.50_Freccia" title="Fiat G.50 Freccia">Fiat G.50 Freccia</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_110" title="Messerschmitt Bf 110">Messerschmitt Bf 110</a> G fighters. The final deliveries of up-to-date German Messerschmitt Bf 109 G and K fighter aircraft were still taking place in March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200270_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200270-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ZNDH still had 176 aircraft on its strength in April 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007150_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007150-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 30 March and 8 April 1945, General Mihailović's Chetniks mounted a final attempt to establish themselves as a credible force fighting the Axis in Yugoslavia. The Chetniks under <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Pavle_%C4%90uri%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Pavle Đurišić">Pavle Đurišić</a> fought a combination of Ustaša and Croatian Home Guard forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_Lijev%C4%8Da_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle on Lijevča field">Battle on Lijevča field</a>. In late March 1945 elite NDH Army units were withdrawn from the Syrmian front to destroy Djurisic's Chetniks trying to make their way across the northern NDH.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008256_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008256-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was fought near Banja Luka in what was then the Independent State of Croatia and ended in a decisive victory for the Independent State of Croatia forces. </p><p>Serbian units included the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_State_Guard" title="Serbian State Guard">Serbian State Guard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Military_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Military Administration">Serbian Military Administration</a>. There were even some units of the Slovene Home Guard (<i>Slovensko domobranstvo</i>, SD) still intact in Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199522_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199522-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of March, 1945, it was obvious to the Croatian Army Command that, although the front remained intact, they would eventually be defeated by sheer lack of ammunition. For this reason, the decision was made to retreat into Austria, in order to surrender to the British forces advancing north from Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German Army was in the process of disintegration and the supply system lay in ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a> was liberated by the Partisans the same day that the general offensive was launched. The 4th Army, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Petar_Drap%C5%A1in" title="Petar Drapšin">Petar Drapšin</a>, broke through the defences of the <a href="/wiki/XVth_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps">XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps</a>. By 20 April, Drapšin liberated <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a> and the Croatian Littoral, including the islands, and reached the old Yugoslav border with Italy. On 1 May, after capturing the Italian territories of <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> and Istria from the German LXXXXVII Corps, the Yugoslav 4th Army beat the western Allies to <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> by one day. </p><p>The Yugoslav 2nd Army, under the command of Koča Popović, forced a crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Bosna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosna River">Bosna River</a> on 5 April, capturing <a href="/wiki/Doboj" title="Doboj">Doboj</a>, and reached the <a href="/wiki/Una_(Sava)" title="Una (Sava)">Una River</a>. On 6 April, the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Corps of the Yugoslav Partisans took Sarajevo from the German XXI Corps. On 12 April, the Yugoslav 3rd Army, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Kosta_Na%C4%91" title="Kosta Nađ">Kosta Nađ</a>, forced a crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a> river. The 3rd Army then fanned out through <a href="/wiki/Podravina" title="Podravina">Podravina</a>, reached a point north of Zagreb, and crossed the old Austrian border with Yugoslavia in the <a href="/wiki/Dravograd" title="Dravograd">Dravograd</a> sector. The 3rd Army closed the ring around the enemy forces when its advanced motorized detachments linked up with detachments of the 4th Army in <a href="/wiki/Carinthia_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carinthia (state)">Carinthia</a>. </p><p>Also, on 12 April, the Yugoslav 1st Army, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Peko_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Peko Dapčević">Peko Dapčević</a> penetrated the fortified front of the German XXXIV Corps in Syrmia. By 22 April, the 1st Army had smashed the fortifications and was advancing towards Zagreb. </p><p>The long-drawn out liberation of western Yugoslavia caused more victims among the population. The breakthrough of the Syrmian front on 12 April was, in Milovan Đilas's words, "the greatest and bloodiest battle our army had ever fought", and it would not have been possible had it not been for Soviet instructors and arms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1977440_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1977440-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time Dapčević's NOV units had reached Zagreb, on 9 May 1945, they had perhaps lost as many as 36,000 dead. There were by then over 400,000 refugees in Zagreb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008259_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008259-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After entering Zagreb with the Yugoslav 2nd Army, both armies advanced in Slovenia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_operations">Final operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Final operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/220px-1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/330px-1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/440px-1945-05-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption> Front lines in Europe 1 May 1945.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 2 May, the German capital city, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Berlin, fell to</a> the Red Army. On 8 May 1945, the <a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">Germans surrendered unconditionally</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">war in Europe officially ended</a>. The Italians had quit the war in 1943, the Bulgarians in 1944, and the Hungarians earlier in 1945. Despite the German capitulation, however, sporadic fighting still took place in Yugoslavia. On 7 May, Zagreb was evacuated, on 9 May, <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> were captured by the Partisans, and Löhr, Commander-in-Chief of Army Group E was forced to sign the total surrender of the forces under his command at Topolšica, near <a href="/wiki/Velenje" title="Velenje">Velenje</a>, Slovenia, on Wednesday 9 May 1945. Only the Croatian and other anti-Partisan forces remained. </p><p>From 10 to 15 May, the Yugoslav Partisans continued to face resistance from Croatian, and other anti-Partisan forces throughout the rest of Croatia and Slovenia. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a> started on 14 May, ending on 15 May 1945 at Poljana, near <a href="/wiki/Prevalje" title="Prevalje">Prevalje</a> in Slovenia. It was the culmination and last of a series of battles between Yugoslav Partisans and a large (in excess of 30,000) mixed column of German Army soldiers together with Croatian Ustaše, Croatian Home Guard, Slovenian Home Guard, and other anti-Partisan forces who were attempting to retreat to Austria. <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a> was the last World War II battle in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBušićLasić1983277_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBušićLasić1983277-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle began on 19 April 1945 and lasted until 25 May 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐorić1996169_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐorić1996169-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17 days after the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of the war in Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Aftermath of<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Main events</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleiburg_repatriations" title="Bleiburg repatriations">Bleiburg repatriations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)#Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–1945">Purges in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Christmas_(1945)" title="Bloody Christmas (1945)">Bloody Christmas (Macedonia)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Massacres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foibe_massacres" title="Foibe massacres">Foibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazovka" title="Jazovka">Jazovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%8Dani_massacre" title="Gračani massacre">Gračani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezno_massacre" title="Tezno massacre">Tezno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Pit_massacre" title="Barbara Pit massacre">Huda jama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keva%27s_pit_cave" title="Keva's pit cave">Keva's pit cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hrastnik_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrastnik massacre (page does not exist)">Hrastnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macelj_massacre" title="Macelj massacre">Macelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Devski_Rog_massacre" title="Kočevski Rog massacre">Kočevski Rog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%8Dovnik_Mine" title="Pečovnik Mine">Pečovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osijek_prison_massacre" title="Osijek prison massacre">Osijek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_in_World_War_II#Aftermath" title="Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Camps</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teharje_camp" title="Teharje camp">Teharje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterntal_camp" title="Sterntal camp">Sterntal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpovo_work_camp" title="Valpovo work camp">Valpovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borovnica_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borovnica camp (page does not exist)">Borovnica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josipovac_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josipovac camp (page does not exist)">Josipovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krndija_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krndija camp (page does not exist)">Krndija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kni%C4%87anin_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knićanin camp (page does not exist)">Knićanin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velika_Pisanica_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velika Pisanica camp (page does not exist)">Velika Pisanica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gakovo_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gakovo camp (page does not exist)">Gakovo</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aftermath_of_World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Aftermath of World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aftermath_of_World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Aftermath of World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aftermath_of_World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aftermath of World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 5 May, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Palmanova" title="Palmanova">Palmanova</a> (50 km northwest of Trieste), between 2,400 and 2,800 members of the Serbian Volunteer Corps surrendered to the British.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 May, about 2,500 additional Serbian Volunteer Corps members surrendered to the British at Unterbergen on the Drava River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 and 12 May, British troops in <a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>, Austria, were harassed by arriving forces of the Yugoslav Partisans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (December 2015)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> In Belgrade, the British ambassador to the Yugoslav coalition government handed Tito a note demanding that the Yugoslav troops withdraw from Austria. </p><p>On 15 May 1945 a large column of the Croatian Home Guard, the Ustaše, the XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps and the remnants of the Serbian State Guard, and the Serbian Volunteer Corps, arrived at the southern Austrian border near the town of <a href="/wiki/Bleiburg" title="Bleiburg">Bleiburg</a>. The representatives of the Independent State of Croatia attempted to negotiate a surrender to the British under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention">Geneva Convention</a> that they had joined in 1943, and were recognised by it as a "belligerent", but were ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the people in the column were turned over to the Yugoslav government as part of what is sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Operation Keelhaul</a>. Following the repatriations, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisan_killings_of_prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Partisan killings of prisoners of war">Partisans proceeded to brutalize the POWs</a>. The Partisans' actions were partly done for revenge as well as to suppress the potential continuation of armed struggle within Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001766_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001766-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 May, Tito had placed Partisan forces in Austria under Allied control. A few days later he agreed to withdraw them. By 20 May, Yugoslav troops in Austria had begun to withdraw. On 8 June, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Yugoslavia agreed on the control of Trieste. On 11 November, <a href="/wiki/1945_Yugoslav_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1945 Yugoslav parliamentary election">parliamentary elections</a> were held in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these elections the communists had an important advantage because they controlled the police, judiciary and media. For that reason the opposition did not want to participate in the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004197_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004197-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 November, in accordance with election result, Peter II was deposed by communist dominated Yugoslavia's Constituent Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-AbromeitNorman2015_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbromeitNorman2015-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_People%27s_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a> was established as a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist state</a> during the first meeting of the Yugoslav Parliament in Belgrade. Tito was appointed prime minister. The autonomist wing in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Macedonia" title="League of Communists of Macedonia">Communist Party of Macedonia</a>, which dominated during World War II, was finally pushed aside in 1945 after the Second Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/ASNOM" class="mw-redirect" title="ASNOM">ASNOM</a>. </p><p>On 13 March 1946, Mihailović was captured by agents of the <a href="/wiki/OZNA" title="OZNA">Yugoslav Department of National Security</a> (<i>Odsjek Zaštite Naroda</i> or OZNA).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006166_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006166-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 10 June to 15 July of the same year, he was tried for <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>. On 15 July, he was found guilty and sentenced to death by firing squad.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 July, a clemency appeal was rejected by the Presidium of the National Assembly. During the early hours of 18 July, Mihailović, together with nine other Chetnik and Nedić's officers, were executed in <a href="/wiki/Lisi%C4%8Dji_Potok" title="Lisičji Potok">Lisičji Potok</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This execution essentially ended the World War II-era civil war between the communist Partisans and the royalist Chetniks.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes_and_atrocities">War crimes and atrocities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: War crimes and atrocities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mass_executions_and_massacres_in_Yugoslavia_during_World_War_II" title="List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II">List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II</a></div> <p>War crimes and atrocities against the civilian population were prevalent. Non-combat victims included the majority of the country's <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> population, many of whom perished in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Jasenovac_concentration_camp" title="Jasenovac concentration camp">Jasenovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stara_Gradi%C5%A1ka_concentration_camp" title="Stara Gradiška concentration camp">Stara Gradiška</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjica_concentration_camp" title="Banjica concentration camp">Banjica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sajmi%C5%A1te_concentration_camp" title="Sajmište concentration camp">Sajmište</a>, etc.) run by the client regimes or occupying forces themselves. </p><p>The Ustaše regime in <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a> (mostly Croats, but also <a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnic_group)" title="Muslims (ethnic group)">Muslims</a> and others) committed <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">genocide against Serbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Romani_people_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Romani people in the Independent State of Croatia">Roma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a> Croats. The Chetniks (mostly Serbs, but also <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a> and others) pursued <a href="/wiki/Chetnik_war_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="Chetnik war crimes in World War II">genocide</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against Muslims, Croats and pro-Partisan Serbs, and the Italian occupation authorities instigated <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italianization#World_War_II_war_crimes" title="Italianization">Italianization</a>) against Slovenes and Croats. The Wehrmacht carried out mass executions of civilians in retaliation for resistance activity (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac_massacre" title="Kragujevac massacre">Kragujevac massacre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kraljevo_massacre" title="Kraljevo massacre">Kraljevo massacre</a>). SS Division "Prinz Eugen" massacred large numbers of civilians and prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungarian occupation troops massacred civilians (mostly Serbs and Jews) during <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_raid" title="Novi Sad raid">a major raid in southern Bačka</a>, under the pretext of suppressing resistance activities. </p><p>During and after the final stages of the war, Yugoslav communist authorities and Partisan troops carried out reprisals against those associated with the Axis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ustashas">Ustashas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ustashas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Romani_people_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Romani people in the Independent State of Croatia">and Roma in the Independent State of Croatia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camps_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia">Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia</a></div> <p>The Ustashas, a Croatian ultranationalist and fascist movement which operated from 1929 to 1945 and was led by <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a>, gained control of the newly formed Independent State of Croatia (NDH) that was set up by the Germans after the invasion of Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ustashas sought an ethnically pure Croatian state by exterminating <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Croatia" title="Serbs of Croatia">Serbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews of Croatia">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Croatia" title="Romani people in Croatia">Roma</a> from its territory.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their main focus were Serbs, who numbered about two million.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strategy to achieve their goal was purportedly to kill one-third of Serbs, expel one-third and forcibly convert the remaining one-third.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first massacre of Serbs took place on 28 April 1941 in the village of <a href="/wiki/Gudovac" title="Gudovac">Gudovac</a> where <a href="/wiki/Gudovac_massacre" title="Gudovac massacre">nearly 200 Serbs were rounded up and executed</a>. The event initiated the wave of Ustasha violence targeting Serbs that came in the following weeks and months, as massacres occurred in villages throughout the NDH,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in <a href="/wiki/Banovina_(region)" title="Banovina (region)">Banija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kordun" title="Kordun">Kordun</a>, Lika, northwest Bosnia and eastern Herzegovina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbs in villages in the countryside were hacked to death with various tools, thrown alive into pits and ravines or in some cases <a href="/wiki/Glina_massacres" title="Glina massacres">locked in churches that were afterwards set on fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustasha Militia</a> units razed whole villages, often torturing the men and raping the women.<sup id="cite_ref-Megargee_&_White_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megargee_&_White-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately every sixth Serb living in the NDH was the victim of a massacre, meaning that almost every Serb from this region had a family member that was killed in the war, mostly by the Ustashas.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ustashas also set up camps throughout the NDH. Some of them were used to detain political opponents and those regarded as enemies of the state, some were transit and resettlement camps for the deportation and transfers of populations while others were used for the purpose of mass murder. The largest camp was the Jasenovac concentration camp, which was a complex of five subcamps, located some 100 km southeast of Zagreb.<sup id="cite_ref-Megargee_&_White_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megargee_&_White-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The camp was notorious for its barbaric and cruel practices of murder as described by testimonies of witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1941, along with Serbs and Roma, NDH authorities incarcerated the majority of the country's Jews in camps including <a href="/wiki/Jadovno_concentration_camp" title="Jadovno concentration camp">Jadovno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1%C4%8Dica_concentration_camp" title="Kruščica concentration camp">Kruščica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobor_concentration_camp" title="Lobor concentration camp">Loborgrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90akovo_internment_camp" title="Đakovo internment camp">Đakovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenja_concentration_camp" title="Tenja concentration camp">Tenja</a> and Jasenovac. Nearly the entire Romani population of the NDH was also killed by the Ustashas.<sup id="cite_ref-Megargee_&_White_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megargee_&_White-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chetniks">Chetniks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Chetniks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chetnik_war_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="Chetnik war crimes in World War II">Chetnik war crimes in World War II</a></div> <p>The Chetniks, a Serb royalist and nationalist movement which initially resisted the Axis<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but progressively entered into <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaboration</a> with Italian, German and parts of the Ustasha forces, sought the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a> by cleansing non-Serbs, mainly Muslims and Croats from territories that would be incorporated into their post-war state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006145_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006145-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chetniks systemically massacred Muslims in villages that they captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoare2006_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoare2006-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These occurred primarily in eastern Bosnia, in towns and municipalities like <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da" title="Foča">Foča</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica" title="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a> and Višegrad.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoare2006_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoare2006-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, "cleansing actions" against Muslims took place in counties in Sandžak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975258–259_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975258–259-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actions against Croats were smaller in scale but similar in action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975259_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975259-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croats were killed in Bosnia, Herzegovina, northern Dalmatia, and Lika.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_forces">German forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: German forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Serbia" title="The Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia">The Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia</a></div> <p>In Serbia, in order to squelch resistance, retaliate against their opposition and terrorize the population, the Germans devised a formula where 100 hostages would be shot for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages would be shot for every wounded German soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those primarily targeted for execution were <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Serbia">Jews</a> and Serbian communists.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable examples were the massacres in the villages of Kraljevo and Kragujevac in October 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germans also set up concentration camps and were aided in their persecution of Jews by <a href="/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87" title="Milan Nedić">Milan Nedić</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">puppet government</a> and other collaborationist forces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_forces">Italian forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Italian forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes#Yugoslavia" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes § Yugoslavia</a></div> <p>In April 1941, Italy invaded Yugoslavia, annexing or occupying large portions of Slovenia, Croatia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Macedonia, while directly annexing to Italy the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana" title="Province of Ljubljana">Province of Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorski_Kotar" title="Gorski Kotar">Gorski Kotar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Dalmatia" title="Governorate of Dalmatia">Governorate of Dalmatia</a>, along with most <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Croatian islands</a>. To suppress the mounting resistance led by the Slovenian and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian</a> Partisans, the Italians adopted tactics of "summary executions, hostage-taking, reprisals, internments and the burning of houses and villages."<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was particularly the case in the Province of Ljubljana, where Italian authorities terrorized the Slovene civilian population and deported them to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_concentration_camps" title="List of Italian concentration camps">concentration camps</a> with the goal of Italianizing the area.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001104_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001104-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian_forces">Hungarian forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hungarian forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories" title="Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories">Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_raid" title="Novi Sad raid">Novi Sad raid</a></div> <p>Thousands of Serbs and Jews were massacred by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Hungarian forces</a> in the region of <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a>, the territory occupied and annexed by Hungary since 1941. Several high-ranking military officials were complicit in the atrocities.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisans">Partisans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Partisans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans#Atrocities" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans § Atrocities</a></div> <p>The Partisans engaged in the massacres of civilians during and after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of Partisan units, and the local population in some areas, engaged in mass murder in the immediate postwar period against POWs and other perceived Axis sympathizers, collaborators, and/or fascists along with their relatives. There were forced marches and execution of tens of thousands of captured soldiers and civilians (predominantly Croats associated with the NDH, but also Slovenes and others) fleeing their advance, in the <a href="/wiki/Bleiburg_repatriations" title="Bleiburg repatriations">Bleiburg repatriations</a>. Atrocities also included the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Devski_Rog_massacre" title="Kočevski Rog massacre">Kočevski Rog massacre</a>, atrocities against the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Italian population</a> in Istria (the <a href="/wiki/Foibe_massacres" title="Foibe massacres">foibe massacres</a>) and purges against Serbs, Hungarians and Germans associated with the axis forces during the <a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45">Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45</a>. Also with the <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)#Yugoslavia" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">expulsions of the German population</a> which took place after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslav_casualties">Yugoslav casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Yugoslav casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II casualties in Yugoslavia">World War II casualties in Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">World War II casualties</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_reparations_towards_Yugoslavia" title="World War II reparations towards Yugoslavia">World War II reparations towards Yugoslavia</a></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <caption>Victims by nationality </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>1964 list</th> <th>Kočović<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996109_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996109-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Žerjavić<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Serbs</td> <td>346,740</td> <td>487,000</td> <td>530,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croats</td> <td>83,257</td> <td>207,000</td> <td>192,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovenes</td> <td>42,027</td> <td>32,000</td> <td>42,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Montenegrins</td> <td>16,276</td> <td>50,000</td> <td>20,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macedonians</td> <td>6,724</td> <td>7,000</td> <td>6,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muslims</td> <td>32,300</td> <td>86,000</td> <td>103,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Slavs</td> <td>–</td> <td>12,000</td> <td>7,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albanians</td> <td>3,241</td> <td>6,000</td> <td>18,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jews</td> <td>45,000</td> <td>60,000</td> <td>57,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gypsies</td> <td>–</td> <td>27,000</td> <td>18,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germans</td> <td>–</td> <td>26,000</td> <td>28,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungarians</td> <td>2,680</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovaks</td> <td>1,160</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turks</td> <td>686</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others</td> <td>–</td> <td>14,000</td> <td>6,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td>16,202</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>597,323</th> <th>1,014,000</th> <th>1,027,000 </th></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin-right: 0.5em;"> <caption>Casualties by location according to the 1964 Yugoslav list<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location</th> <th>Death toll</th> <th>Survived </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td> <td>177,045</td> <td>49,242 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croatia</td> <td>194,749</td> <td>106,220 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Macedonia</td> <td>19,076</td> <td>32,374 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Montenegro</td> <td>16,903</td> <td>14,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovenia</td> <td>40,791</td> <td>101,929 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia (proper)</td> <td>97,728</td> <td>123,818 </td></tr> <tr> <td>AP Kosovo (Serbia)</td> <td>7,927</td> <td>13,960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>AP Vojvodina (Serbia)</td> <td>41,370</td> <td>65,957 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td>1,744</td> <td>2,213 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>597,323</th> <th>509,849 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Yugoslav government estimated the number of casualties to be at 1,704,000 and submitted the figure to the International Reparations Commission in 1946 without any documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-MacDonald_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimate of 1.7 million war related deaths was later submitted to the Allied Reparations Committee in 1948, despite it being an estimate of total demographic loss that covered the expected population if war did not break out, the number of unborn children, and losses from emigration and disease.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996108_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996108-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Germany requested verifiable data the Yugoslav Federal Bureau of Statistics created a nationwide survey in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996108_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996108-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total number of those killed was found to be 597,323.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996108–109_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996108–109-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list stayed a state secret until 1989 when it was published for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war related deaths were 1,067,000. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7 million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census".<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Žerjavić">Vladimir Žerjavić</a> estimates total war related deaths at 1,027,000. Military losses are estimated at 237,000 <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav partisans">Yugoslav partisans</a> and 209,000 collaborators, while civilian losses at 581,000, including 57,000 Jews. Losses of the Yugoslav Republics were Bosnia 316,000; Serbia 273,000; Croatia 271,000; Slovenia 33,000; Montenegro 27,000; Macedonia 17,000; and killed abroad 80,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statistician <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ko%C4%8Dovi%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Kočović">Bogoljub Kočović</a> calculated that the actual war losses were 1,014,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late <a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Jozo Tomasevich</a>, Professor Emeritus of Economics at San Francisco State University, believes that the calculations of Kočović and Žerjavić "seem to be free of bias, we can accept them as reliable".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Meštrović">Stjepan Meštrović</a> estimated that about 850,000 people were killed in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vego cites figures from 900,000 to 1,000,000 dead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmy_War_College1994116_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmy_War_College1994116-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen R. A'Barrow estimates that the war caused 446,000 dead soldiers and 514,000 dead civilians, or 960,000 dead in total from the Yugoslav population out of 15 million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kočović's research into human losses in Yugoslavia during World War Two was considered to be the first objective examination of the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after Kočović published his findings in <i>Žrtve drugog svetskog rata u Jugoslaviji</i>, Vladeta Vučković, a U.S. based college professor, claimed in a London-based émigré magazine that he had participated in the calculation of the number of victims in Yugoslavia in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vučković claimed that the figure of 1,700,000 originated with him, explaining that as an employee of the Yugoslav Federal Statistical Office, he was ordered to estimate the number of casualties suffered by Yugoslavia during the war, using appropriate statistical tools.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He came up with an estimated demographic (not real) population loss of 1.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not intend for his estimate to be used as a calculation of actual losses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006161_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006161-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Edvard Kardelj</a> took this figure as the real loss in his negotiations with the Inter-Allied Reparations Agency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This figure had also already been used by Marshal Tito in May 1945, and the figure of 1,685,000 was used by <a href="/wiki/Mitar_Baki%C4%87" title="Mitar Bakić">Mitar Bakić</a>, secretary general of the Presidium of the Yugoslav government in an address to foreign correspondents in August 1945. The Yugoslav Reparations Commission had also already communicated the figure of 1,706,000 to the Inter-Allied Reparations Agency in Paris in late 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito's figure of 1.7 million was aimed at both maximizing war compensation from Germany and demonstrating to the world that the heroism and suffering of Yugoslavs during the Second World War surpassed that of all other peoples save only those of the USSR, and, perhaps, Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows: </p> <ol><li>Military operations of five main armies (Germans, Italians, <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav partisans">Yugoslav partisans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the worst massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac_massacre" title="Kragujevac massacre">Kragujevac massacre</a>.</li> <li>Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. At the end of the war, many Ustaše collaborators were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Bleiburg_death_marches" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleiburg death marches">Bleiburg death marches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744–745_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744–745-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. The most numerous victims were Serbs killed by the Ustaše. Croats and Muslims were also killed by the Chetniks.</li> <li>The reduced food supply caused famine and disease.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001748_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001748-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. The hardest hit localities were <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leskovac" title="Leskovac">Leskovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The demographic losses due to a 335,000 reduction in the number of births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg/220px-German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg/330px-German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg/440px-German_Soldiers_arresting_in_1941_people_in_Kragujevac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption>Germans escorting people from <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac_massacre" title="Kragujevac massacre">Kragujevac</a> and its surrounding area to be executed.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Slovenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Slovenia, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Contemporary_History,_Ljubljana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Contemporary History, Ljubljana (page does not exist)">Institute for Contemporary History, Ljubljana</a> launched a comprehensive research on the exact number of victims of World War II in Slovenia in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After more than a decade of research, the final report was published in 2005, which included a list of names. The number of victims was set at 89,404.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figure also includes the victims of <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">summary killings</a> by the Communist regime immediately after the war (around 13,500 people). The results of the research came as a shock for the public, since the actual figures were more than 30% higher than the highest estimates during the Yugoslav period.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even counting only the number of deaths up to May 1945 (thus excluding the military prisoners killed by the Yugoslav Army between May and July 1945), the number remains considerably higher than the highest previous estimates (around 75,000 deaths versus a previous estimate of 60,000). </p><p>There are several reasons for such a difference. The new comprehensive research also included Slovenes killed by the Partisan resistance, both in battle (members of collaborationist and anti-Communist units), and civilians (around 4,000 between 1941 and 1945). Furthermore, the new estimates includes all the Slovenians from Nazi-annexed Slovenia who were drafted in the Wehrmacht and died either in battle or in prisoner camps during the war. The figure also includes the Slovenes from the <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a> who died in the Italian Army (1940–43), those from <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a> who died in the Hungarian Army, and those who fought and died in various Allied (mostly British) units. The figure does not include victims from <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Slovenia">Venetian Slovenia</a> (except of those who joined the Slovenian Partisan units), nor does it include the victims among <a href="/wiki/Carinthian_Slovenes" title="Carinthian Slovenes">Carinthian Slovenes</a> (again with the exception of those fighting in the Partisan units) and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovenes" title="Hungarian Slovenes">Hungarian Slovenes</a>. 47% percent of casualties during the war were partisans, 33% were civilians (of which 82% were killed by Axis powers or Slovene home guard), and 20% were members of the Slovene home guard.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Territory_of_the_NDH">Territory of the NDH</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Territory of the NDH"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Žerjavić's research on the losses of the Serbs in the NDH, 82,000 died as members of the Yugoslav Partisans, and 23,000 as Chetniks and Axis collaborators. Of the civilian casualties, 78,000 were killed by the Ustaše in direct terror and in camps, 45,000 by German forces, 15,000 by Italian forces, 34,000 in battles between the Ustaše, the Chetniks, and the Partisans, and 25,000 died of typhoid. A further 20,000 died in the <a href="/wiki/Sajmi%C5%A1te_concentration_camp" title="Sajmište concentration camp">Sajmište concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Ivo Goldstein</a>, on NDH territory 45,000 of Croats are killed as Partisans while 19,000 perishing in prisons or camps.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Žerjavić estimated the structure of the actual war and post-war losses of Croats and Bosniaks. According to his research, 69–71,000 Croats died as members of the NDH armed forces, 43–46,000 as members of the Yugoslav Partisans, and 60–64,000 as civilians, in direct terror and in camps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012116_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012116-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of the NDH, a further 14,000 Croats died abroad; 4,000 as Partisans and 10,000 civilian victims of terror or in camps. Regarding Bosniaks, including <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Croatia" title="Islam in Croatia">Muslims of Croatia</a>, he estimated that 29,000 died as members of the NDH armed forces, 11,000 as members of the Yugoslav Partisans, while 37,000 were civilians and a further 3,000 Bosniaks were killed abroad; 1,000 Partisans and 2,000 civilians. Of the total Croat and Bosniak civilian casualties in the NDH, his research showed that 41,000 civilian deaths (18,000+ Croats and 20,000+ Bosniaks) were caused by the Chetniks, 24,000 by the Ustaše (17,000 Croats and 7,000 Bosniaks), 16,000 by the Partisans (14,000 Croats and 2,000 Bosniaks), 11,000 by German forces (7,000 Croats and 4,000 Bosniaks), 8,000 by Italian forces (5,000 Croats and 3,000 Bosniaks), while 12,000 died abroad (10,000 Croats and 2,000 Bosniaks).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012117–118_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012117–118-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individual researchers who assert the inevitability of using identification of casualties and fatalities by individual names have raised serious objections to Žerjavić's calculations/estimates of human losses by using standard statistical methods and consolidation of data from various sources, pointing out that such an approach is insufficient and unreliable in determining the number and character of casualties and fatalities, as well as the affiliation of the perpetrators of the crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012103_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012103-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Croatia, the Commission for the Identification of War and Post-War Victims of the Second World War was active from 1991 until the Seventh Government of the republic, under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan" title="Ivica Račan">Ivica Račan</a> ended the commission in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2000s, concealed mass grave commissions were established in both <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Concealed_Mass_Graves_in_Slovenia" title="Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and Serbia to document and excavate mass graves from the Second World War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_casualties">German casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: German casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to German casualty lists quoted by <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> for 30 July 1945, from documents found amongst the personal effects of General <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Reinecke" title="Hermann Reinecke">Hermann Reinecke</a>, head of the Public Relations Department of the German High Command, total German casualties in the Balkans amounted to 24,000 killed and 12,000 missing, no figure being mentioned for wounded. A majority of these casualties suffered in the Balkans were inflicted in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonThe_sixth_offensive_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonThe_sixth_offensive-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to German researcher <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_Overmans" title="Rüdiger Overmans">Rüdiger Overmans</a>, German losses in the Balkans were more than three times higher – 103,693 during the course of the war, and some 11,000 who died as Yugoslav prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOvermans2000336_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvermans2000336-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_casualties">Italian casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Italian casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Italians incurred 30,531 casualties during their occupation of Yugoslavia (9,065 killed, 15,160 wounded, 6,306 missing). The ratio of dead/missing men to wounded men was uncommonly high, as Yugoslav partisans would often murder prisoners.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Their highest losses were in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 12,394. In Croatia the total was 10,472 and in Montenegro 4,999. Dalmatia was less bellicose: 1,773. The quietest area was Slovenia, where the Italians incurred 893 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II#Casualties" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">10,090 Italians died</a> post-armistice, either killed during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Achse" title="Operation Achse">Operation Achse</a> or after joining Yugoslav partisans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic Campaign of World War II">Adriatic Campaign of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_bombing_of_Yugoslavia_in_World_War_II" title="Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II">Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_4_July" title="Museum of 4 July">Museum of 4 July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Front_of_the_Slovenian_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Front of the Slovenian People">Liberation Front of the Slovenian People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia (1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_anti-Partisan_offensives" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven anti-Partisan offensives">Seven anti-Partisan offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_on_the_Yugoslav_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Air warfare on the Yugoslav Front">Air warfare on the Yugoslav Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Allies" title="Yugoslavia and the Allies">Yugoslavia and the Allies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_War_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation War of Macedonia">National Liberation War of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Lands_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Lands in World War II">Slovene Lands in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beisfjord_massacre" title="Beisfjord massacre">Beisfjord massacre</a>, a prisoner transfer from Yugoslavia that led to Norway's largest massacre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Protective_Corps" title="Russian Protective Corps">Russian Protective Corps</a>, a Wehrmacht unit composed of White Russian émigrés from Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_World_War_II_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials">Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale, however, the largest numbers of hostages were shot by the Germans in Serbia between 1941 and 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D'Amico, F. and G. Valentini. <i>Regia Aeronautica Vol. 2: Pictorial History of the Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana and the Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force, 1943–1945</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971211-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971211_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971">Mitrovski, Glišić & Ristovski 1971</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001255-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001255_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelić_Butić1977270-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJelić_Butić1977270_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJelić_Butić1977">Jelić Butić 1977</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColić197761–79-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColić197761–79_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColić1977">Colić 1977</a>, pp. 61–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski197149-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrovskiGlišićRistovski197149_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971">Mitrovski, Glišić & Ristovski 1971</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001167-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001167_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001183-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001183_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001771-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001771_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 771.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Microcopy No. T314, roll 566, frames 778 – 785</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorković9-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorković9_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorković">Borković</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zbornik dokumenata Vojnoistorijskog instituta: tom XII – Dokumenti jedinica, komandi i ustanova nemačkog Rajha – knjiga 3, p. 619</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerica200496-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerica200496_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerica2004">Perica 2004</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giacomo Scotti <i>Ventimila caduti. Italiani in Iugoslavia 1943–45</i>, printed by Mursia in Milan, 1970: in page 492 there is text regarding division Italia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anpi.it/media/uploads/patria/2013/militari_partigiani_in_jugoslavia_scotti_aprile.pdf">"article by Giacomo Scotti"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=article+by+Giacomo+Scotti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anpi.it%2Fmedia%2Fuploads%2Fpatria%2F2013%2Fmilitari_partigiani_in_jugoslavia_scotti_aprile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sorge1986-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sorge1986_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorge1986" class="citation book cs1">Sorge, Martin K. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6zl-j7o0qBIC"><i>The Other Price of Hitler's War: German Military and Civilian Losses Resulting from World War II</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25293-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-25293-8"><bdi>978-0-313-25293-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Price+of+Hitler%27s+War%3A+German+Military+and+Civilian+Losses+Resulting+from+World+War+II&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-313-25293-8&rft.aulast=Sorge&rft.aufirst=Martin+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6zl-j7o0qBIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Overmans, Rüdiger (2000). Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. p. 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011743–744-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011743–744_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeiger2011">Geiger 2011</a>, pp. 743–744.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011701-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2011701_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeiger2011">Geiger 2011</a>, pp. 701.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA'Barrow2016_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFA'Barrow2016">A'Barrow 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŽerjavić1993">Žerjavić 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMestrovic2013129_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMestrovic2013">Mestrovic 2013</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001226-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001226_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006147-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006147_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001308-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001308_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006142-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006142_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006145–155_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 145–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975246-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975246_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrbovich2008131–132-30"><span 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href="https://www.pravst.unist.hr/dokumenti/zbornik/200888/zb200802_265.pdf"><i>Pravni aspekti i političke posljedice rimskih ugovora od 18. svibnja 1941. godine</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shoah+Foundation+Institute+Visual+History+Archive&rft.atitle=Hungary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Flibraries%2Farchives%2Farc%2Flibraries%2Fsfa%2Fhungary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199524-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199524_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalmon1998294-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalmon1998294_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalmon1998">Talmon 1998</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemkin2008241–64-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemkin2008241–64_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemkin2008">Lemkin 2008</a>, pp. 241–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200185-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200185_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001419-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001419_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199512_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001420-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001420_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199513_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199517_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199510-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199510_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimofejev2011-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimofejev2011_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimofejev2011">Timofejev 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavličević2007441–442-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavličević2007441–442_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavličević2007">Pavličević 2007</a>, pp. 441–442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldstein-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/croatia00ivog"><i>Croatia: A History</i></a></span>. Montreal, Quebec: <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/croatia00ivog/page/141">141</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2017-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2017-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-2017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+History&rft.place=Montreal%2C+Quebec&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2017-2&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcroatia00ivog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikola_Anić2005" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nikola Anić (2005), <i>Antifašistička Hrvatska : Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Hrvatske 1941–19.</i> (in German), Zagreb: Multigraf marketing-Savez antifašističkih boraca i antifašista Republike Hrvatske, p. 34, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/953-7254-00-3" title="Special:BookSources/953-7254-00-3"><bdi>953-7254-00-3</bdi></a>, <q>Prvi partizanski odred, koji je osnovan u Hrvatskoj, odnosno u okupiranoj Jugoslaviji, formiran je 22. lipnja 1941., u šumi Žabno kod Siska. […] Nije to bio prvi partizanski odred u okupiranoj Europi, niti prvi antifašistički partizanski odred u Europi, kako se dugo govorilo. Prve oružane partizanske postrojbe u okupiranoj Europi pojavile su se još 1939., u okupiranoj Poljskoj, onda u Norveškoj, Francuskoj, zemljama Beneluksa, u Grčkoj itd. Sisački NOP odred je prvi antifašistički partizanski odred u okupiranoj Jugoslaviji, u Hrvatskoj.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antifa%C5%A1isti%C4%8Dka+Hrvatska+%3A+Narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka+vojska+i+partizanski+odredi+Hrvatske+1941%E2%80%9319.&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=p.-34&rft.pub=Multigraf+marketing-Savez+antifa%C5%A1isti%C4%8Dkih+boraca+i+antifa%C5%A1ista+Republike+Hrvatske&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=953-7254-00-3&rft.au=Nikola+Ani%C4%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey198080-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey198080_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey1980">Bailey 1980</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query2/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+yu0031)">LCWeb2.loc.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199532_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELekovic198583-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELekovic198583_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLekovic1985">Lekovic 1985</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELekovic198586–87-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELekovic198586–87_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLekovic1985">Lekovic 1985</a>, pp. 86–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975245-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975245_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonContact-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonContact_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson">Davidson</a>, Contact.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200260-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200260_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSavićCiglić2002">Savić & Ciglić 2002</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editor Gašper Mithans; (2017) <i>Palež u sjećanjima</i> pp. 11–12; Istarsko povijesno društvo – Società storica istriana <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-59439-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-59439-0-7">978-953-59439-0-7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.burntinmemories.eu/images/Burnt_in_memories_katalog.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin194634-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin194634_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin1946">Martin 1946</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rendulić, Zlatko. <i>Avioni domaće konstrukcije posle drugog svetskog rata</i> (Domestic aircraft construction after World War II), Lola institute, Beograd, 1996, p 10. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=While+Tito+Fights&rft.date=1944-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C796332%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007113-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007113_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCiglićSavić2007">Ciglić & Savić 2007</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Narodnooslobodilačka Vojska Jugoslavije. Beograd. 1982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McQueen2006-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McQueen2006_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2006" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, James (2006). Linda McQueen (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qwBUkHaz76QC"><i>Slovenia</i></a>. New Holland Publishers. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86011-336-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86011-336-9"><bdi>978-1-86011-336-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovenia&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86011-336-9&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqwBUkHaz76QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004167–168-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004167–168_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004">Klemenčič & Žagar 2004</a>, pp. 167–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v04/d691">"The Ambassador in Yugoslavia (Cannon) to the Secretary of State"</a>. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ambassador+in+Yugoslavia+%28Cannon%29+to+the+Secretary+of+State&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+Foreign+Service+Institute%2C+United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1948v04%2Fd691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199533-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199533_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._134-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._134_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford companion to World War II</i>, Ian Dear, Michael Richard Daniell Foot, Oxford University Press, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860446-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860446-7">0-19-860446-7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qC0OgOHAHVkC&pg=PA133">p. 134</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941–45</i>, Nigel Thomas, K. Mikulan, Darko Pavlović, Osprey Publishing, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-473-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-473-3">1-85532-473-3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A8X6UH58dlgC&pg=PA33">p. 33</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>World War II: The Mediterranean 1940–1945, World War II: Essential Histories</i>, Paul Collier, Robert O'Neill, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4358-9132-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4358-9132-5">1-4358-9132-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vc4hlXkSIDsC&pg=PA77">p. 77.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonRules_and_Reasons-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonRules_and_Reasons_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson">Davidson</a>, Rules and Reasons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008258-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008258_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch2008">Pavlowitch 2008</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan19959-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan19959_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199530-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199530_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200270-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavićCiglić200270_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSavićCiglić2002">Savić & Ciglić 2002</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007150-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiglićSavić2007150_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCiglićSavić2007">Ciglić & Savić 2007</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008256-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008256_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch2008">Pavlowitch 2008</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199522-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasMikulan199522_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasMikulan1995">Thomas & Mikulan 1995</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw1973101_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShaw1973">Shaw 1973</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrose,_S.1998" class="citation book cs1">Ambrose, S. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victorseisenhowe00step"><i>The Victors – The Men of World War II</i></a></span>. London: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victorseisenhowe00step/page/335">335</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85629-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-85629-2"><bdi>978-0-684-85629-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Victors+%E2%80%93+The+Men+of+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85629-2&rft.au=Ambrose%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvictorseisenhowe00step&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐilas1977440-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐilas1977440_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐilas1977">Đilas 1977</a>, p. 440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008259-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2008259_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlowitch2008">Pavlowitch 2008</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBušićLasić1983277-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBušićLasić1983277_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBušićLasić1983">Bušić & Lasić 1983</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĐorić1996169-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĐorić1996169_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĐorić1996">Đorić 1996</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975451–452_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 451–452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001766-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001766_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 766.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2017" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Andrew (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SuJADgAAQBAJ&pg=PT22"><i>The Balkans and the West: Constructing the European Other, 1945–2003</i></a>. Routledge. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-89422-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-89422-7"><bdi>978-1-351-89422-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+and+the+West%3A+Constructing+the+European+Other%2C+1945%E2%80%932003&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-89422-7&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSuJADgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004197-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004197_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004">Klemenčič & Žagar 2004</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbromeitNorman2015-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AbromeitNorman2015_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_AbromeitYork_NormanGary_MarottaBridget_Maria_Chesterton2015" class="citation book cs1">John Abromeit; York Norman; Gary Marotta; Bridget Maria Chesterton (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jBXfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>Transformations of Populism in Europe and the Americas: History and Recent Tendencies</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 60–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-2522-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-2522-9"><bdi>978-1-4742-2522-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transformations+of+Populism+in+Europe+and+the+Americas%3A+History+and+Recent+Tendencies&rft.pages=60-&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-2522-9&rft.au=John+Abromeit&rft.au=York+Norman&rft.au=Gary+Marotta&rft.au=Bridget+Maria+Chesterton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjBXfCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐureinović2019" class="citation book cs1">Đureinović, Jelena (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xfe-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT24"><i>The Politics of Memory of the Second World War in Contemporary Serbia: Collaboration, Resistance and Retribution</i></a>. 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Perrin. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-262-01393-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-262-01393-6"><bdi>978-2-262-01393-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+Mihailovi%C4%87%3A+h%C3%A9ros+trahi+par+les+Alli%C3%A9s+1893%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Perrin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-262-01393-6&rft.aulast=Buisson&rft.aufirst=Jean-Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragnich1995" class="citation book cs1">Dragnich, Alex N. (1995). <i>Yugoslavia's Disintegration and the Struggle for Truth</i>. East European Monographs. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-880-33333-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-880-33333-7"><bdi>978-0-880-33333-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration+and+the+Struggle+for+Truth&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-880-33333-7&rft.aulast=Dragnich&rft.aufirst=Alex+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_TottenWilliam_S._Parsons1997" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Totten; William S. Parsons (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TtWycwryensC&q=chetnik+genocide&pg=PA430"><i>Century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts</i></a>. Routledge. p. 430. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-89043-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-89043-1"><bdi>978-0-203-89043-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Century+of+genocide%3A+critical+essays+and+eyewitness+accounts&rft.pages=430&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-203-89043-1&rft.au=Samuel+Totten&rft.au=William+S.+Parsons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTtWycwryensC%26q%3Dchetnik%2Bgenocide%26pg%3DPA430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedžić2005" class="citation book cs1">Redžić, Enver (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pVCx3jerQmYC&q=Chetniks+extermination&pg=PA146"><i>Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War</i></a>. New York: Tylor and Francis. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714656250" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714656250"><bdi>978-0714656250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Tylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0714656250&rft.aulast=Red%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Enver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpVCx3jerQmYC%26q%3DChetniks%2Bextermination%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZander2020" class="citation book cs1">Zander, Patrick G. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aBAFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA498"><i>Fascism through History: Culture, Ideology, and Daily Life [2 volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 498. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-440-86194-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-440-86194-9"><bdi>978-1-440-86194-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascism+through+History%3A+Culture%2C+Ideology%2C+and+Daily+Life+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pages=498&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-440-86194-9&rft.aulast=Zander&rft.aufirst=Patrick+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaBAFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedžićDonia2004" class="citation book cs1">Redžić, Enver; Donia, Robert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TcqPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11"><i>Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War</i></a>. Routledge. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-76736-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-76736-5"><bdi>978-1-135-76736-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-76736-5&rft.aulast=Red%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Enver&rft.au=Donia%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTcqPAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachtel1998" class="citation book cs1">Wachtel, Andrew (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cnISZNM6X6EC&pg=PA128"><i>Making a Nation, Breaking a Nation: Literature and Cultural Politics in Yugoslavia</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-804-73181-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-804-73181-2"><bdi>978-0-804-73181-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+a+Nation%2C+Breaking+a+Nation%3A+Literature+and+Cultural+Politics+in+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-804-73181-2&rft.aulast=Wachtel&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcnISZNM6X6EC%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrnobrnja1996" class="citation book cs1">Crnobrnja, Mihailo (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zZnagDP3gO4C&pg=PA65"><i>The Yugoslav Drama</i></a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-773-51429-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-773-51429-4"><bdi>978-0-773-51429-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yugoslav+Drama&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-773-51429-4&rft.aulast=Crnobrnja&rft.aufirst=Mihailo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzZnagDP3gO4C%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByford2020" class="citation book cs1">Byford, Jovan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XMLkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25"><i>Picturing Genocide in the Independent State of Croatia: Atrocity Images and the Contested Memory of the Second World War in the Balkans</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-01598-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-01598-2"><bdi>978-1-350-01598-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picturing+Genocide+in+the+Independent+State+of+Croatia%3A+Atrocity+Images+and+the+Contested+Memory+of+the+Second+World+War+in+the+Balkans&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-350-01598-2&rft.aulast=Byford&rft.aufirst=Jovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXMLkDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001747_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 747.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeomans2012" class="citation book cs1">Yeomans, Rory (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yxv4-iqVe2wC&pg=PA17"><i>Visions of Annihilation: The Ustasha Regime and the Cultural Politics of Fascism, 1941–1945</i></a>. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822977933" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822977933"><bdi>978-0822977933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Annihilation%3A+The+Ustasha+Regime+and+the+Cultural+Politics+of+Fascism%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0822977933&rft.aulast=Yeomans&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYxv4-iqVe2wC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Megargee_&_White-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Megargee_&_White_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Megargee_&_White_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Megargee_&_White_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargeeWhite2018" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P.; White, Joseph R. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8nBTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47"><i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Volume III: Camps and Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany</i></a>. Indiana University Press. pp. 47–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02386-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02386-5"><bdi>978-0-253-02386-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos%2C+1933%E2%80%931945%2C+Volume+III%3A+Camps+and+Ghettos+under+European+Regimes+Aligned+with+Nazi+Germany&rft.pages=47-49&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02386-5&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=White%2C+Joseph+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8nBTDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavković1996" class="citation book cs1">Pavković, Aleksandar (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YPaADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43"><i>The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism in a Multinational State</i></a>. Springer. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-23037-567-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-23037-567-3"><bdi>978-0-23037-567-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fragmentation+of+Yugoslavia%3A+Nationalism+in+a+Multinational+State&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-23037-567-3&rft.aulast=Pavkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYPaADAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe2018" class="citation book cs1">Crowe, David M. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eaHsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT488"><i>The Holocaust: Roots, History, and Aftermath</i></a>. Routledge. p. 488. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-97606-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-97606-3"><bdi>978-0-429-97606-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust%3A+Roots%2C+History%2C+and+Aftermath&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-429-97606-3&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeaHsDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2011" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Sean (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l_7bboBWcIgC&pg=PA57"><i>The Shock of War: Civilian Experiences, 1937–1945</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-442-69469-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-442-69469-9"><bdi>978-1-442-69469-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shock+of+War%3A+Civilian+Experiences%2C+1937%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-442-69469-9&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_7bboBWcIgC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006145-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006145_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoare2006-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoare2006_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoare2006_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94bzAAAAMAAJ"><i>Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks, 1941–1943</i></a>. Oxford University Press/British Academy. pp. 143–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-197-26380-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-197-26380-8"><bdi>978-0-197-26380-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+and+Resistance+in+Hitler%27s+Bosnia%3A+The+Partisans+and+the+Chetniks%2C+1941%E2%80%931943&rft.pages=143-147&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2FBritish+Academy&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-197-26380-8&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D94bzAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975258–259-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975258–259_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 258–259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975259-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975259_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001745_116-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 745.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2010" class="citation book cs1">Longerich, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ry-qW0lw2ZAC&pg=PT591"><i>Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19161-347-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19161-347-0"><bdi>978-0-19161-347-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holocaust%3A+The+Nazi+Persecution+and+Murder+of+the+Jews&rft.pages=591&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19161-347-0&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRy-qW0lw2ZAC%26pg%3DPT591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rmis/2004/00000009/00000003/art00005">General Roatta's War against the Partisans in Yugoslavia: 1942, IngentaConnect </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldoli2009" class="citation book cs1">Baldoli, Claudia (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rv0nBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT192"><i>A History of Italy</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-21908-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-21908-4"><bdi>978-1-137-21908-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Italy&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-137-21908-4&rft.aulast=Baldoli&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drv0nBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001104-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001104_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraham2000" class="citation book cs1">Braham, Randolph L. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATpHs6fgr_YC&pg=PA259"><i>The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary</i></a>. Wayne State University Press. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81432-691-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81432-691-6"><bdi>978-0-81432-691-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Genocide%3A+The+Holocaust+in+Hungary&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-81432-691-6&rft.aulast=Braham&rft.aufirst=Randolph+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DATpHs6fgr_YC%26pg%3DPA259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonassohnBjörnson1998" class="citation book cs1">Jonassohn, Kurt; Björnson, Karin Solveig (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIxCUXI38zcC&pg=PA285"><i>Genocide and Gross Human Rights Violations: In Comparative Perspective</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2445-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2445-3"><bdi>978-1-4128-2445-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+and+Gross+Human+Rights+Violations%3A+In+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-2445-3&rft.aulast=Jonassohn&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rnson%2C+Karin+Solveig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjIxCUXI38zcC%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2013" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVqqAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA751"><i>Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 751–754. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-598-84926-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-598-84926-4"><bdi>978-1-598-84926-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atrocities%2C+Massacres%2C+and+War+Crimes%3A+An+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=751-754&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-598-84926-4&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjVqqAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996109-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996109_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2002" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, David Bruce (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBjrJyen4FEC&pg=PA161"><i>Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian Victim Centered Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71906-467-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71906-467-8"><bdi>978-0-71906-467-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Holocausts%3F%3A+Serbian+and+Croatian+Victim+Centered+Propaganda+and+the+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-71906-467-8&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=David+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBjrJyen4FEC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996108-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996108_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996108_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1996108–109-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1996108–109_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, pp. 108–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Affendi2014" class="citation book cs1">El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0ogBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA124"><i>Genocidal Nightmares: Narratives of Insecurity and the Logic of Mass Atrocities</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62892-073-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62892-073-4"><bdi>978-1-62892-073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocidal+Nightmares%3A+Narratives+of+Insecurity+and+the+Logic+of+Mass+Atrocities&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62892-073-4&rft.aulast=El-Affendi&rft.aufirst=Abdelwahab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0ogBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Bureau of the Census <i>The Population of Yugoslavia</i> Ed. Paul F. Meyers and Arthur A. Campbell, Washington D.C.- 1954</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 737.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmy_War_College1994116-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmy_War_College1994116_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmy_War_College1994">Army War College 1994</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanchevHalverson2016" class="citation book cs1">Danchev, Alex; Halverson, Thomas (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JhW_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA133"><i>International Perspectives on the Yugoslav Conflict</i></a>. Springer. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-34924-541-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-34924-541-3"><bdi>978-1-34924-541-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Perspectives+on+the+Yugoslav+Conflict&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-34924-541-3&rft.aulast=Danchev&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Halverson%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJhW_DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSindbaek2012" class="citation book cs1">Sindbaek, Tina (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BLhYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188"><i>Usable History?: Representations of Yugoslavia's Difficult Past from 1945 to 2002</i></a>. ISD LLC. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-77124-107-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-77124-107-5"><bdi>978-8-77124-107-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Usable+History%3F%3A+Representations+of+Yugoslavia%27s+Difficult+Past+from+1945+to+2002&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=ISD+LLC&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-8-77124-107-5&rft.aulast=Sindbaek&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBLhYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001723_135-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 723.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006161-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006161_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1997" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Christopher (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6mQVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA45"><i>Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences</i></a>. New York University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81471-288-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81471-288-7"><bdi>978-0-81471-288-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%27s+Bloody+Collapse%3A+Causes%2C+Course+and+Consequences&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-81471-288-7&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6mQVCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 744.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744–745-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744–745_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 744–745.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001748-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001748_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 748.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001749_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 749.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102638/http://www.ds-rs.si/?q=publikacije%2Fzborniki%2FZrtve_vojne">"DS-RS.si"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ds-rs.si/?q=publikacije/zborniki/Zrtve_vojne">the original</a> on 19 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DS-RS.si&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ds-rs.si%2F%3Fq%3Dpublikacije%2Fzborniki%2FZrtve_vojne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102550/http://www.ds-rs.si/dokumenti/publikacije/Zbornik_05-1.pdf">"DS-RS.si"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ds-rs.si/dokumenti/publikacije/Zbornik_05-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DS-RS.si&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ds-rs.si%2Fdokumenti%2Fpublikacije%2FZbornik_05-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/89-000-zrtev-vojne-in-revolucije/25226">"RTVSLO.si"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RTVSLO.si&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtvslo.si%2Fslovenija%2F89-000-zrtev-vojne-in-revolucije%2F25226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delo, <i>Sobotna priloga</i>, 30 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2017) <i>The Balkans: A Post-Communist History</i> p. 191; Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13458-328-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13458-328-7">978-1-13458-328-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012116-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012116_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeiger2012">Geiger 2012</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012117–118-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012117–118_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeiger2012">Geiger 2012</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012103-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012103_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeiger2012">Geiger 2012</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/308886.html">66 7.6.2002 Zakon o prestanku važenja Zakona o utvrđivanju ratnih i poratnih žrtava II. svjetskog rata</a>, narodne-novine.nn.hr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidsonThe_sixth_offensive-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidsonThe_sixth_offensive_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson">Davidson</a>, The sixth offensive.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvermans2000336-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOvermans2000336_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOvermans2000">Overmans 2000</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The South Slav Journal</i>. Vol. 6. 1983. p. 117</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA'Barrow2016" class="citation book cs1">A'Barrow, Stephen R. 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Vol. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kolaboracionisti%C4%8Dke+oru%C5%BEane+formacije+u+Jugoslaviji+1941%E2%80%931945.+godine%3A+Oslobodila%C4%8Dka+borba+naroda+Jugoslavije+kao+op%C5%A1tenarodni+rat+i+socijalisti%C4%8Dka+revolucija&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Coli%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mladenko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Davidson" title="Basil Davidson">Davidson, Basil</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/3.htm"><i>Partisan Picture</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partisan+Picture&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeakin1971" class="citation book cs1">Deakin, Frederick William (1971). <i>The embattled mountain</i>. 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New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-694712-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-694712-9"><bdi>0-15-694712-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wartime&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-15-694712-9&rft.aulast=%C4%90ilas&rft.aufirst=Milovan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐorić1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Đorić, Marjan (1996). <i>Bosanska Posavina: povijesno-zemljopisni pregled</i> (in Croatian). Polion.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosanska+Posavina%3A+povijesno-zemljopisni+pregled&rft.pub=Polion&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=%C4%90ori%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Marjan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeiger2012" class="citation journal cs1">Geiger, Vladimir (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/103223?lang=en">"Human losses of Croats in World War II and the immediate post-war period caused by the Chetniks (Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland) and the Partisans (People's Liberation Army and the partisan detachment of Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Army) and the Yugoslav Communist authoritities. Numerical indicators"</a>. <i>Review of Croatian History</i>. <b>8</b> (1). Croatian institute of history: 77–121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Croatian+History&rft.atitle=Human+losses+of+Croats+in+World+War+II+and+the+immediate+post-war+period+caused+by+the+Chetniks+%28Yugoslav+Army+in+the+Fatherland%29+and+the+Partisans+%28People%27s+Liberation+Army+and+the+partisan+detachment+of+Yugoslavia%2FYugoslav+Army%29+and+the+Yugoslav+Communist+authoritities.+Numerical+indicators&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-121&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F103223%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeiger2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Geiger, Vladimir (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/76758">"Ljudski gubici Hrvatske u Drugom svjetskom ratu koje su prouzročili "okupatori i njihovi pomagači"; Brojidbeni pokazatelji (procjene, izračuni, popisi)"</a>. <i>Časopis za suvremenu povijest</i> (in Serbo-Croatian). <b>43</b> (3): 699–749.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%8Casopis+za+suvremenu+povijest&rft.atitle=Ljudski+gubici+Hrvatske+u+Drugom+svjetskom+ratu+koje+su+prouzro%C4%8Dili+%22okupatori+i+njihovi+pomaga%C4%8Di%22%3B+Brojidbeni+pokazatelji+%28procjene%2C+izra%C4%8Duni%2C+popisi%29&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=699-749&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F76758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorodetsky2002" class="citation book cs1">Gorodetsky, Gabriel (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wd0hGHrq7d4C"><i>Stafford Cripps' Mission to Moscow, 1940-42</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52220-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52220-5"><bdi>978-0-521-52220-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stafford+Cripps%27+Mission+to+Moscow%2C+1940-42&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52220-5&rft.aulast=Gorodetsky&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwd0hGHrq7d4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHehn1979" class="citation book cs1">Hehn, Paul N. 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East European Quarterly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-48-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-48-6"><bdi>978-0-914710-48-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Struggle+Against+Yugoslav+Guerrillas+in+World+War+II%3A+German+Counter-Insurgency+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941-1943&rft.pub=East+European+Quarterly&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-914710-48-6&rft.aulast=Hehn&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIgtnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins1966" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Trumbull (1966). <i>Hitler and Russia</i>. 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ABC-CLIO. pp. 167–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576072943" title="Special:BookSources/9781576072943"><bdi>9781576072943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Histories+of+the+Individual+Yugoslav+Nations&rft.btitle=The+former+Yugoslavia%27s+diverse+peoples%3A+a+reference+sourcebook&rft.pages=167-168&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781576072943&rft.aulast=Klemen%C4%8Di%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Matja%C5%BE&rft.au=%C5%BDagar%2C+Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DORSMBFwjAKcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLampe2000" class="citation book cs1">Lampe, John R. 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Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140132717" title="Special:BookSources/9780140132717"><bdi>9780140132717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Approaches&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=1949&rft.isbn=9780140132717&rft.aulast=Maclean&rft.aufirst=Fitzroy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBuJFPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick2008" class="citation journal cs1">McCormick, Rob (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=gsp">"The United States' Response to Genocide in the Independent State of Croatia, 1941–1945"</a>. <i>Genocide Studies and Prevention</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 75–98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genocide+Studies+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=The+United+States%27+Response+to+Genocide+in+the+Independent+State+of+Croatia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-98&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarcommons.usf.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1183%26context%3Dgsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMestrovic2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Mestrovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjepan Mestrovic">Mestrovic, Stjepan</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CdTcAAAAQBAJ&q=me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87+850,000+yugoslavs&pg=PA129"><i>Genocide After Emotion: The Post-Emotional Balkan War</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136163494" title="Special:BookSources/9781136163494"><bdi>9781136163494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+After+Emotion%3A+The+Post-Emotional+Balkan+War&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781136163494&rft.aulast=Mestrovic&rft.aufirst=Stjepan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCdTcAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dme%25C5%25A1trovi%25C4%2587%2B850%2C000%2Byugoslavs%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrovskiGlišićRistovski1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mitrovski, Boro; Glišić, Venceslav; Ristovski, Tomo (1971). <i>Bugarska vojska u Jugoslaviji 1941–1945</i> [<i>The Bulgarian Army in Yugoslavia 1941–1945</i>] (in Slovenian). Međunarodna politika.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bugarska+vojska+u+Jugoslaviji+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Me%C4%91unarodna+politika&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Mitrovski&rft.aufirst=Boro&rft.au=Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87%2C+Venceslav&rft.au=Ristovski%2C+Tomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1946" class="citation book cs1">Martin, David (1946). <i>Ally Betrayed: The Uncensored Story of Tito and Mihailovich</i>. New York: Prentice Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ally+Betrayed%3A+The+Uncensored+Story+of+Tito+and+Mihailovich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvermans2000" class="citation book cs1">Overmans, Rüdiger (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q4L9p1T0m1EC"><i>Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg</i></a>. München: Oldenbourg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-486-56531-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-486-56531-1"><bdi>3-486-56531-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+milit%C3%A4rische+Verluste+im+Zweiten+Weltkrieg&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Oldenbourg&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-486-56531-1&rft.aulast=Overmans&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq4L9p1T0m1EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavličević2007" class="citation book cs1">Pavličević, Dragutin (2007). <i>Povijest Hrvatske</i>. Naklada Pavičić. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6308-71-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6308-71-2"><bdi>978-953-6308-71-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Hrvatske&rft.pub=Naklada+Pavi%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-953-6308-71-2&rft.aulast=Pavli%C4%8Devi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragutin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2008" class="citation book cs1">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC"><i>Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70050-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70050-4"><bdi>978-0-231-70050-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70050-4&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8d2409V9tEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParis1988" class="citation book cs1">Paris, Edmond (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wL3YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Convert – or die!: Catholic persecution in Yugoslavia during World War II</i></a>. Chick Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780937958353" title="Special:BookSources/9780937958353"><bdi>9780937958353</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convert+%E2%80%93+or+die%21%3A+Catholic+persecution+in+Yugoslavia+during+World+War+II&rft.pub=Chick+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780937958353&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwL3YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerica2004" class="citation book cs1">Perica, Vjekoslav (2004). <i>Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517429-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517429-1"><bdi>0-19-517429-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Idols%3A+Religion+and+Nationalism+in+Yugoslav+States&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-517429-1&rft.aulast=Perica&rft.aufirst=Vjekoslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA148"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8"><bdi>0-253-34656-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1973" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Walter R. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNBmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Tito, Mihailović, and the Allies, 1941–1945</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-0740-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-0740-8"><bdi>978-0-8135-0740-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87%2C+and+the+Allies%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-0740-8&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNBmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavićCiglić2002" class="citation book cs1">Savić, D.; Ciglić, B. (2002). <i>Croatian Aces of World War II</i>. Osprey Aircraft of the Aces – 49. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-435-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-435-1"><bdi>978-1-84176-435-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatian+Aces+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Osprey+Aircraft+of+the+Aces+%E2%80%93+49&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-435-1&rft.aulast=Savi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Cigli%C4%87%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw1973" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, L. (1973). <i>Trial by Slander: A background to the Independent State of Croatia</i>. Canberra: Harp Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-909432-00-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-909432-00-7"><bdi>0-909432-00-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trial+by+Slander%3A+A+background+to+the+Independent+State+of+Croatia&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Harp+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-909432-00-7&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalmon1998" class="citation book cs1">Talmon, Stefan (1998). <i>Recognition of governments in international law: with particular reference to governments in exile</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-826573-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-826573-5"><bdi>0-19-826573-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recognition+of+governments+in+international+law%3A+with+particular+reference+to+governments+in+exile&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-826573-5&rft.aulast=Talmon&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimofejev2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Timofejev, Alexej J (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/50893747/Rusi-i-drugisvetski-rat-u-Jugoslaviji"><i>Rusija i Drugi svetski rat u Jugoslaviji</i></a> [<i>Russians and the Second World War in Yugoslavia</i>] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrаde.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rusija+i+Drugi+svetski+rat+u+Jugoslaviji&rft.place=Belgr%D0%B0de&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Timofejev&rft.aufirst=Alexej+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F50893747%2FRusi-i-drugisvetski-rat-u-Jugoslaviji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrbovich2008" class="citation book cs1">Trbovich, Ana S. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ojur7dVoxIcC"><i>A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533343-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533343-5"><bdi>978-0-19-533343-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Legal+Geography+of+Yugoslavia%27s+Disintegration&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533343-5&rft.aulast=Trbovich&rft.aufirst=Ana+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOjur7dVoxIcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasMikulan1995" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, Krunoslav (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229154908/http://www.ospreypublishing.com/store/Axis-Forces-in-Yugoslavia-1941%E2%80%9345_9781855324732"><i>Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941–45</i></a>. Men-at-Arms. Vol. 282. Illustrated by Darko Pavlovic. London: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-473-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-473-3"><bdi>1-85532-473-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ospreypublishing.com/store/Axis-Forces-in-Yugoslavia-1941%E2%80%9345_9781855324732">the original</a> on 29 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Axis+Forces+in+Yugoslavia+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.series=Men-at-Arms&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85532-473-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Mikulan%2C+Krunoslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ospreypublishing.com%2Fstore%2FAxis-Forces-in-Yugoslavia-1941%25E2%2580%259345_9781855324732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasAbbotChappell2000" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel; Abbot, Peter; Chappell, M (2000). <i>Partisan Warfare 1941–45</i>. London: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-513-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-513-8"><bdi>0-85045-513-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partisan+Warfare+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-85045-513-8&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Abbot%2C+Peter&rft.au=Chappell%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). <i>The Chetniks</i>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804708576" title="Special:BookSources/0804708576"><bdi>0804708576</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chetniks&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0804708576&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804779241" title="Special:BookSources/9780804779241"><bdi>9780804779241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780804779241&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tošić-Malešević, N., 2015. Operacije Narodnooslobodilačke partizanske i Dobrovoljačke vojske Jugoslavije i delovanje Komunističke partije Jugoslavije u 1942. godini /Operations of the National Liberation Partisan and Volunteer Army of Yugoslavia and the actions of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1942. Vojno delo, 67(4), pp. 334–358.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVucinichTomasevichMcClellanAuty1969" class="citation book cs1">Vucinich, Wayne S.; Tomasevich, Jozo; McClellan, Woodford; Auty, Phyllis; Macesich, George; Zaninovich, M. George; Halpern, Joel M. (1969). Vucinich, Wayne S. (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryyugo0008vuci"><i>Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment</i></a></span>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520015364" title="Special:BookSources/9780520015364"><bdi>9780520015364</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/69-16512">69-16512</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47922">47922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47922&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F69-16512&rft.isbn=9780520015364&rft.aulast=Vucinich&rft.aufirst=Wayne+S.&rft.au=Tomasevich%2C+Jozo&rft.au=McClellan%2C+Woodford&rft.au=Auty%2C+Phyllis&rft.au=Macesich%2C+George&rft.au=Zaninovich%2C+M.+George&rft.au=Halpern%2C+Joel+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporaryyugo0008vuci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVukcevich1990" class="citation book cs1">Vukcevich, Bosko S. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FJJpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Diverse forces in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945</i></a>. Authors Unlimited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55666-053-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55666-053-5"><bdi>978-1-55666-053-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diverse+forces+in+Yugoslavia%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Authors+Unlimited&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-55666-053-5&rft.aulast=Vukcevich&rft.aufirst=Bosko+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFJJpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽerjavić1993" class="citation book cs1">Žerjavić, Vladimir (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230428/http://www.hic.hr/books/manipulations/index.htm"><i>Yugoslavia: Manipulations with the Number of Second World War Victims</i></a>. Croatian Information Centre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-919817-32-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-919817-32-7"><bdi>0-919817-32-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hic.hr/books/manipulations/index.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%3A+Manipulations+with+the+Number+of+Second+World+War+Victims&rft.pub=Croatian+Information+Centre&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-919817-32-7&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hic.hr%2Fbooks%2Fmanipulations%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+War+II+in+Yugoslavia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1941_Sanski_Most_revolt" title="May 1941 Sanski Most revolt">May 1941 Sanski Most revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June uprising in eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Siege of Rogatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Olovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Battle of Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Capture of Banja Koviljača">Battle of Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_%C5%A0abac" title="Attack on Šabac">Attack on Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_operation" title="Mačva operation">Mačva operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tre%C5%A1njica" title="Battle of Trešnjica">Battle of Trešnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Attack on Kruševac">Kruševac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic">Operation Mihailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sjenica_(1941)" title="Battle of Sjenica (1941)">Sjenica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Battle of Pljevlja</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uprising in Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans#History" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadak-Gollak_Uprising_(1941%E2%80%931951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)">Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Operations Southeast Croatia and Ozren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_sabotage_of_Axis_communication_lines" title="Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines">Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa">Operation Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik">Operation Kopaonik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1943</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turjak" title="Siege of Turjak">Siege of Turjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operation Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Battle of Višegrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operations Kugelblitz and Schneesturm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)">Operation Rösselsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Operation Rübezahl">Operation Rübezahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Operation Draufgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jelova_Gora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jelova Gora (page does not exist)">Battle of Jelova Gora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tuzla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tuzla (page does not exist)">Battle of Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Battle of Batina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Operation" title="Sarajevo Operation">Sarajevo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Battle of Zelengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb in World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macedonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">Kosovo during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategic bombing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgrade <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:Factions in the Yugoslav Front">Factions in the Yugoslav Front</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:People of the Yugoslav Front">People of the Yugoslav Front</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_World_War_II_by_region_and_country" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Template:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Template talk:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_World_War_II_by_region_and_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">History of World War II by region and country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo_in_World_War_II" title="Belgian Congo in World War II">Belgian Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_World_War_II" title="Egypt in World War II">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ethiopia" title="Italian Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Somaliland_in_World_War_II" title="French Somaliland in World War II">French Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_in_World_War_II" title="The Gambia in World War II">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_in_World_War_II" title="Gold Coast in World War II">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_in_World_War_II" title="Kenya in World War II">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_in_World_War_II" title="Liberia in World War II">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_World_War_II" title="Morocco in World War II">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_in_World_War_II" title="Nyasaland in World War II">Nyasaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_El_Salvador#World_War_II" title="Military dictatorship in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_during_World_War_II" title="Arizona during World War II">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_during_World_War_II" title="California during World War II">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_during_World_War_II" title="Nevada during World War II">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_and_World_War_II" title="Native Americans and World War II">Native Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_during_World_War_II" title="Argentina during World War II">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_during_World_War_II" title="Latin America during World War II">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_during_World_War_II" title="Suriname during World War II">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_during_World_War_II" title="Uruguay during World War II">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_during_World_War_II" title="Venezuela during World War II">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_in_World_War_II" title="Ceylon in World War II">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_West_Sumatra" title="Japanese occupation of West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_in_World_War_II" title="Mongolia in World War II">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_in_World_War_II" title="Nepal in World War II">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey#Politics_of_World_War_II" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of France during World War II">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" title="World War II in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II" title="Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II">Carpathian Ruthenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein#World_War_II" title="History of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_during_World_War_II" title="Slovakia during World War II">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" title="Azerbaijan in World War II">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussia_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussia in World War II">Byelorussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Ukraine#World_War_II" title="Modern history of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" title="World War II in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia_and_World_War_II" title="Catalonia and World War II">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_and_World_War_II" title="Galicia and World War II">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the World Wars">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">Slovenia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Oceania and<br /> Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Pacific Islands home front during World War II">Pacific Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and German occupations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany">Administrative<br />divisions of<br />Nazi Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gaus</a></i></span> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altreich_(pre-1938_Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany)">Altreich</a></i></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Baden-Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Bayreuth" title="Gau Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Cologne-Aachen" title="Gau Cologne-Aachen">Cologne–Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Gau Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Eastern_Hanover" title="Gau Eastern Hanover">Eastern Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_East_Prussia" title="Gau East Prussia">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Electoral_Hesse" title="Gau Electoral Hesse">Electoral Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Essen" title="Gau Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Franconia" title="Gau Franconia">Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Halle-Merseburg" title="Gau Halle-Merseburg">Halle-Merseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hamburg" title="Gau Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hesse-Nassau" title="Gau Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Lower_Silesia" title="Gau Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Magdeburg-Anhalt" title="Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt">Magdeburg-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Main_Franconia" title="Gau Main Franconia">Main Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_March_of_Brandenburg" title="Gau March of Brandenburg">March of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Mecklenburg" title="Gau Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Moselland" title="Gau Moselland">Moselland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Munich-Upper_Bavaria" title="Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria">Munich–Upper Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Pomerania" title="Gau Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Saxony" title="Gau Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Gau Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Silesia" title="Gau Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Swabia" title="Gau Swabia">Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Southern_Hanover-Brunswick" title="Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick">Southern Hanover–Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Thuringia" title="Gau Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Upper_Silesia" title="Gau Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Weser-Ems" title="Gau Weser-Ems">Weser-Ems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-North" title="Gau Westphalia-North">Westphalia-North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-South" title="Gau Westphalia-South">Westphalia-South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westmark" title="Gau Westmark">Westmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prinz-Eugen_Gau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prinz-Eugen Gau (page does not exist)">Prinz-Eugen</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsfestung_Belgrad" class="extiw" title="de:Reichsfestung Belgrad">Reichsfestung Belgrad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gau_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gau Holland (page does not exist)">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaus</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Danzig–West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Sudetenland" title="Reichsgau Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland">Wartheland</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austria_within_Nazi_Germany" title="Austria within Nazi Germany">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_K%C3%A4rnten" title="Reichsgau Kärnten">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Niederdonau" title="Reichsgau Niederdonau">Lower Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Oberdonau" title="Reichsgau Oberdonau">Upper Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Salzburg" title="Reichsgau Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Steiermark" title="Reichsgau Steiermark">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Tirol-Vorarlberg" title="Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg">Tyrol–Vorarlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wien" title="Reichsgau Wien">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Banat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Banat (page does not exist)">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Beskidenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Beskidenland (page does not exist)">Beskidland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Brabant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Brabant (page does not exist)">Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Burgund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Burgund (page does not exist)">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Flandern" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Flandern">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Galizien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Galizien (page does not exist)">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Gotenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Gotenland (page does not exist)">Gothland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Nordmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Nordmark (page does not exist)">Nordmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Vandalenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Vandalenland (page does not exist)">Vandalland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Weichselland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Weichselland (page does not exist)">Vistulaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wallonien" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Wallonien">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Westland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Gelderland and Overijssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Holland and Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">South Holland and Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Brabant and Limburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Partial annexations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General_Government" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Galicia" title="District of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_District" title="Kraków District">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_District" title="Lublin District">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_District" title="Radom District">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_District" title="Warsaw District">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)#SS_State_of_Burgundy" title="New Order (Nazism)">Burgundy (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Province_of_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Province of Holland (page does not exist)">Holland (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Lombardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German<br />occupations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Civil_Administration" title="Chief of Civil Administration">Civil Administration Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Alsace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Alsace (page does not exist)">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Carinthia_and_Carniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Carinthia and Carniola (page does not exist)">Carinthia and Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Gebiet_Bialystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Gebiet Bialystok (page does not exist)">Gebiet Bialystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lorraine" title="Civil Administration Area of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lower_Styria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Lower Styria (page does not exist)">Lower Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Posen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Posen (page does not exist)">Posen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_the_Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of the Sudetenland (page does not exist)">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_West_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of West Prussia (page does not exist)">West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Zichenau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Zichenau (page does not exist)">Zichenau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_District" title="Bialystok District">Bialystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Brussels">Brussels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Military Administration (Nazi Germany)">Military administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Rear_Area_Command" title="Army Group Rear Area Command">Army Group Rear Area Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia#Zones_of_influence" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Coastal_military_zone" title="Zone interdite">Atlantic Wall</a> ‧ <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Zone_of_intended_German_settlement" title="Zone interdite">zone réservée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Zone_of_Protection_in_Slovakia" title="German Zone of Protection in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece#The_German_occupation_zone" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_of_Luxembourg" title="Military Administration of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Poland" title="Military Administration in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Banat (1941–1944)">Banat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Adriatic_Littoral" title="Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral">Adriatic Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana#The_German_period_(1943–1945)" title="Province of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Alpine_Foothills" title="Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills">Alpine Foothills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Puppet administrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1#19th–20th_centuries" title="Aš">Asch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyss-Inquart_government" title="Seyss-Inquart government">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flemish Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepel_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepel Republic (page does not exist)">Lepel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokot_Autonomy" title="Lokot Autonomy">Lokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mussert" title="Anton Mussert">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias#World_War_II" title="Nias">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime#1940_coup" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Council_(Norway)" title="Administrative Council (Norway)">Norway (Administrative Council)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent State of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Government" title="Commissioner Government">Serbia (Commissioner Government)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia (Council of Ministers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_government_(1941)" title="Ukrainian national government (1941)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walloon_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walloon Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Wallonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuyev_Republic" title="Zuyev Republic">Zuyev Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Exiled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council#Exile" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_government-in-exile" title="Bulgarian government-in-exile">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cossack_Central_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cossack Central Office (page does not exist)">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)#Exile_and_trial" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" title="German-occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima#Exile" title="Horia Sima">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Liberation Movement">Russia (ODNR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia">Russia (KONR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation#After_the_war" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)#End" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiesta%C5%84ski_Komitet_Narodowy" class="extiw" title="pl:Turkiestański Komitet Narodowy">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaamsche_Landsleiding" class="extiw" title="nl:Vlaamsche Landsleiding">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism_and_World_War_II" title="Breton nationalism and World War II">Brittany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat" title="Reichskommissariat">Reichskommissariats</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_of_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Ostland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Caucasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Don-Wolga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga (page does not exist)">Don-Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Ural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Ural (page does not exist)">Ural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#The_German_occupation_(September_9,_1943_-_September_3,_1944)" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Station_Kurt" title="Weather Station Kurt">Weather Station Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schatzgr%C3%A4ber_(weather_station)" title="Schatzgräber (weather station)">Schatzgräber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holzauge" title="Holzauge">Holzauge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassgeiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassgeiger (page does not exist)">Bassgeiger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelweiss_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelweiss base (page does not exist)">Edelweiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">holiday resorts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslavia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template talk:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslavia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of Yugoslavia">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">Yugoslav regency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslav irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Committee" title="Yugoslav Committee">Yugoslav Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugo-nostalgia" title="Yugo-nostalgia">Yugo-nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia">Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1980–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (until 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Brotherhood and unity</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovene_National_Program" title="Contributions to the Slovene National Program">Contributions to the Slovene National Program</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Spring">Slovene Spring</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrokomerc_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrokomerc Affair">Agrokomerc Affair</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_session_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia">8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1980s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia">Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template talk:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia_Independence_referendums_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Independence referendums in Yugoslavia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics and provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Macedonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Macedonian independence referendum">Macedonia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kosovan_independence_referendum" title="1991 Kosovan independence referendum">Kosovo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Montenegrin_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Montenegrin sovereignty referendum">Montenegro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">Montenegro</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_SAO_Krajina_autonomy_referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 SAO Krajina autonomy referendum (page does not exist)">SAO Krajina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sand%C5%BEak_autonomy_referendum" title="1991 Sandžak autonomy referendum">Sandžak</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bosnian_Serb_referendum" title="1991 Bosnian Serb referendum">Srpska</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Macedonian_Albanian_autonomy_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Macedonian Albanian autonomy referendum">Ilirida</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Eastern_Slavonia_integrity_referendum" title="1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum">Eastern Slavonia</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Macedonian_autonomy_referendum" title="2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum">Macedonia</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Criminal_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Criminal Enterprise">Joint Criminal Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Sub-Regional_Arms_Control" title="Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control">Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">United Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serbian_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Serbian sentiment">Anti-Serbian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Montenegrin_unionism" title="Serbian–Montenegrin unionism">Serbian–Montenegrin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yugoslavia" title="Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yugoslavia" title="Constitution of Yugoslavia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">1921</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1931_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1931 Yugoslav Constitution">1931</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1946 Yugoslav Constitution">1946</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslav_constitutional_amendments" title="1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments">1953</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1963_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1963 Yugoslav Constitution">1963</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yugoslavia" title="Elections in Yugoslavia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Yugoslavia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia)">Federal Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">OAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_passport" title="Yugoslav passport">Passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of cabinets of Yugoslavia">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of heads of state of Yugoslavia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of deputy heads of state of Yugoslavia">Deputy heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of members of the Presidency of Yugoslavia">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Yugoslavia" title="LGBT history in Yugoslavia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yugoslavia">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ilasism" title="Đilasism">Đilasism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankovi%C4%87ism" title="Rankovićism">Rankovićism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yugoslavia" title="List of political parties in Yugoslavia">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOS_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="KOS (Yugoslavia)">counterintelligence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yugoslav Army (disambiguation)">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li>Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Ground_Forces" title="Yugoslav Ground Forces"><span style="font-size:85%;">Ground</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a></li></ul></li> <li>Air Force <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a></li></ul></li> <li>Ranks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Military ranks of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav People's Army ranks"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia"><span style="font-size:85%;">Marshal</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_(Yugoslavia)" title="Territorial Defense (Yugoslavia)">Territorial Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Yugoslavia" title="History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia">Computer systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_systems_from_Yugoslavia" title="List of computer systems from Yugoslavia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_krone" title="Yugoslav krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Bank of Yugoslavia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Yugoslavia" title="Postal codes in Yugoslavia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Services_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Services in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yugoslavia" title="Telephone numbers in Yugoslavia">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Railways" title="Yugoslav Railways">Railways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">List of companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Society of Yugoslavia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Yugoslavia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFRY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Yugoslavia" title="Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorities_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorities of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Yugoslavia" title="Public holidays in Yugoslavia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs_in_Serbia" title="Yugoslavs in Serbia">in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Canadians" title="Yugoslav Canadians">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Yugoslavia" title="Languages of Yugoslavia">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene <span style="font-size:85%;">(Slovenian)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_studies" title="Yugoslav studies">Yugoslav studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yugoslavia" title="Architecture of Yugoslavia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Yugoslavia" title="Art of Yugoslavia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_films" title="List of Yugoslav films">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Drama_Theatre" title="Yugoslav Drama Theatre">Drama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Yugoslavia" title="Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia">Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yugoslavia" title="Music of Yugoslavia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yugoslav_composers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Yugoslav composers (page does not exist)">composers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_national_costume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav national costume (page does not exist)">National costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_philosophy" title="Yugoslav philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Yugoslavia" title="Sport in Yugoslavia">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Yugoslavia" title="Football in Yugoslavia">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">Yugoslav Radio Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_wine" title="Macedonian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_poets" title="List of Yugoslav poets">Poets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Anthem <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">1945–1992)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yugoslavia" title="Flag of Yugoslavia">Flag of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_flags" title="List of Yugoslav flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia">Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslavia" title="Category:Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&oldid=1255190461">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&oldid=1255190461</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1941" title="Category:Conflicts in 1941">Conflicts in 1941</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1942" title="Category:Conflicts in 1942">Conflicts in 1942</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1943" title="Category:Conflicts in 1943">Conflicts in 1943</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1944" title="Category:Conflicts in 1944">Conflicts in 1944</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1945" title="Category:Conflicts in 1945">Conflicts in 1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_involving_the_states_and_peoples_of_Europe" title="Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe">Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_of_the_20th_century" title="Category:Civil wars of the 20th century">Civil wars of the 20th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communist_revolutions" title="Category:Communist revolutions">Communist revolutions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Category:Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslavia_in_World_War_II" title="Category:Yugoslavia in World War II">Yugoslavia in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_occupied_territories" title="Category:World War II occupied territories">World War II occupied territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_the_Balkans" title="Category:Wars involving the Balkans">Wars involving the Balkans</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020</a></li><li><a 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