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Warrgamay - Wikipedia

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title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal Australian</a> people of the state of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay language</a></div> <p>Their language, <a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay</a>, is now <a href="/wiki/Language_extinction" class="mw-redirect" title="Language extinction">extinct</a>. It was a variety of <a href="/wiki/Dyirbalic_languages" title="Dyirbalic languages">Dyirbalic</a>, and appears to be composed of three distinct dialects:<i>Wargamaygan</i> spoken around the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Herbert_River" title="Herbert River">Herbert River</a>; <i>Biyay</i> spoken at the mouth of the Herbert, in the area of <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Queensland" title="Halifax, Queensland">Halifax</a> and Bemerside; and <i>Hinchinbrook Biyay,</i> spoken around the coastal area south of <a href="/wiki/Cardwell,_Queensland" title="Cardwell, Queensland">Cardwell</a> and offshore on <a href="/wiki/Hinchinbrook_Island" title="Hinchinbrook Island">Hinchinbrook Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon19812–3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon19812–3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Words in the Warrgamay language include:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886428_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886428-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>knarbo</i> (tame dog)</li> <li><i>gerolo</i> (wild dog)</li> <li><i>baby</i> (father)</li> <li><i>kora/yong/yonga</i> (mother)</li> <li><i>mecolo</i> (white man)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Country">Country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Warrgamay were the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Bay" title="Halifax Bay">Halifax Bay</a>, and held in <a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Norman Tindale</a>'s calculations, approximately 600 square miles (1,600&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) of tribal domains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974188_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974188-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An early resident, James Cassady, specified that they had 50 miles (80&#160;km) of shoreline, extending into the hinterland approximately 15 miles (24&#160;km).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their northern neighbours were the <a href="/wiki/Girramay" title="Girramay">Girramay</a>, while to their south lay the <a href="/wiki/Wulgurukaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulgurukaba">Wulgurukaba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_organisation">Social organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Social organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Warrgamay were divided into several <a href="/wiki/Band_society" title="Band society">groups or clans</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Ikelbara</i></li> <li><i>Doolebara</i></li> <li><i>Mungulbara</i></li> <li><i>Mandambara</i></li> <li><i>Karabara</i></li> <li><i>Bungabara</i></li> <li><i>Yoembara</i></li></ul> <p>The intermarriage of groups has been classified as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Male</th> <th>Female</th> <th>Male Children</th> <th>Female Children </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Korkoro</i></td> <td><i>Wongarugun</i></td> <td><i>Watero</i></td> <td><i>Woterungan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Wongo</i></td> <td><i>Korkorungan</i></td> <td><i>Korkeen</i></td> <td><i>Korkeelingan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Korkeen</i></td> <td><i>Woterungan</i></td> <td><i>Wongo</i></td> <td><i>Wongerungan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Wotero</i></td> <td><i>Korkeelingan</i></td> <td><i>Korkoro</i></td> <td><i>Korkorungan</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">Circumcision</a> as an initiatory rite was unknown among the Warrgamay. They did practise <a href="/wiki/Tooth_avulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tooth avulsion">tooth avulsion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarification" title="Scarification">ritual scarification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nose_piercing" title="Nose piercing">piercing of the septum to wear nose bones</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a> was common, and <a href="/wiki/Levirate_marriage" title="Levirate marriage">widows were married to their deceased husband's brother</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_contact">History of contact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: History of contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of Halifax Bay first began to be settled by white colonialists in 1865, in the then <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Colony of Queensland</a>. At that time the numbers of Warrgamay were estimated to amount to roughly 500 people. Within 15 years, they had declined by 300, a mere 40 of the surviving 200 being men. The difference was due to their being relentlessly hunted and gunned down by <a href="/wiki/Australian_native_police" title="Australian native police">mounted native troopers</a> under white supervision, together with settlers, both of whom "shot as many of the males of the tribe as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_names">Alternative names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Alternative names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alternative names and spellings included, according to Tindale:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974188_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974188-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Waragamai</i></li> <li><i>Wargamay</i></li> <li><i>Wargamaygan</i></li> <li><i>Bungabara</i></li> <li><i>Ikelbara</i></li> <li><i>Herbert River tribe</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to another resident, R. Johnstone, the reasons for the decline had nothing to do with the police or settlers: 'Their country was occupied by the whites <i>to some extent</i>, since which period, as the result of measles, consumption, and drink, the numbers composing the tribes have greatly diminished.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon19812–3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon19812–3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1981">Dixon 1981</a>, pp.&#160;2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886428-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886428_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidyJohnstone1886">Cassidy &amp; Johnstone 1886</a>, p.&#160;428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale1974188-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974188_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974188_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTindale1974">Tindale 1974</a>, p.&#160;188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886424_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidyJohnstone1886">Cassidy &amp; Johnstone 1886</a>, p.&#160;424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886426_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidyJohnstone1886">Cassidy &amp; Johnstone 1886</a>, p.&#160;426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassidyJohnstone1886425_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidyJohnstone1886">Cassidy &amp; Johnstone 1886</a>, p.&#160;425.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrgamay&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCassidyJohnstone1886" class="citation book cs1">Cassidy, James; Johnstone, R. (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/cu31924026093827/cu31924026093827.pdf">"Halifax Bay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_Micklethwaite_Curr" title="Edward Micklethwaite Curr">Curr, Edward Micklethwaite</a> (ed.). <i>The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent</i>. Vol.&#160;2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp.&#160;424–431.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Halifax+Bay&amp;rft.btitle=The+Australian+race%3A+its+origin%2C+languages%2C+customs%2C+place+of+landing+in+Australia+and+the+routes+by+which+it+spread+itself+over+the+continent&amp;rft.place=Melbourne&amp;rft.pages=424-431&amp;rft.pub=J.+Ferres&amp;rft.date=1886&amp;rft.aulast=Cassidy&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft.au=Johnstone%2C+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fcu31924026093827%2Fcu31924026093827.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarrgamay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1966" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._W._Dixon" title="Robert M. W. Dixon">Dixon, Robert M. W.</a> (1966). "Mbabaram: a dying Australian language". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies">Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</a></i>. <b>29</b>: 97–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00060833">10.1017/S0041977X00060833</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162853579">162853579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Mbabaram%3A+a+dying+Australian+language&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft.pages=97-121&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00060833&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162853579%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Dixon&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+M.+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarrgamay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._W._Dixon" title="Robert M. W. Dixon">Dixon, Robert M. W.</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/2/b12285249_vol02.pdf">"Wartgamay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Dixon, Robert M. W.; <a href="/wiki/Barry_Blake" title="Barry Blake">Blake, Barry</a> (eds.). <i>Handbook of Australian languages</i>. Vol.&#160;2. <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. pp.&#160;1–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-027-22004-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-027-22004-2"><bdi>978-9-027-22004-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Wartgamay&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Australian+languages&amp;rft.pages=1-145&amp;rft.pub=Australian+National+University&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.isbn=978-9-027-22004-2&amp;rft.aulast=Dixon&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+M.+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F2%2Fb12285249_vol02.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarrgamay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisonHowitt1880" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lorimer_Fison" title="Lorimer Fison">Fison, Lorimer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Howitt" title="Alfred William Howitt">Howitt, Alfred William</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/kamilaroikurnaig00fiso/kamilaroikurnaig00fiso.pdf"><i>Kamilaroi and Kurnai</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Melbourne: <a href="/wiki/George_Robertson_(bookseller)" title="George Robertson (bookseller)">G Robinson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Kamilaroi+and+Kurnai&amp;rft.place=Melbourne&amp;rft.pub=G+Robinson&amp;rft.date=1880&amp;rft.aulast=Fison&amp;rft.aufirst=Lorimer&amp;rft.au=Howitt%2C+Alfred+William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fkamilaroikurnaig00fiso%2Fkamilaroikurnaig00fiso.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarrgamay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTindale1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Tindale, Norman Barnett</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/warakamai.htm">"Warakamai (QLD)"</a>. <i>Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names</i>. <a href="/wiki/ANU_Press" title="ANU Press">Australian National University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Warakamai+%28QLD%29&amp;rft.btitle=Aboriginal+Tribes+of+Australia%3A+Their+Terrain%2C+Environmental+Controls%2C+Distribution%2C+Limits%2C+and+Proper+Names&amp;rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.aulast=Tindale&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman+Barnett&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.samuseum.sa.gov.au%2Ftindaletribes%2Fwarakamai.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarrgamay" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template talk:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_Australian_peoples_in_Queensland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a> peoples in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ankamuti" title="Ankamuti">Ankamuti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Araba_people" title="Araba people">Araba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atjinuri" title="Atjinuri">Atjinuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ayabakan" title="Ayabakan">Ayabakan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ayapathu" title="Ayapathu">Ayapathu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Badjiri" title="Badjiri">Badjiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bakanambia" title="Bakanambia">Bakanambia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Barada people">Barada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barna_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Barna people">Barna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baru%C5%8Bgam" title="Baruŋgam">Baruŋgam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barungguan" title="Barungguan">Barungguan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidia_people" title="Bidia people">Bidia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bigambul" title="Bigambul">Bigambul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bindal_people" title="Bindal people">Bindal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Birri_Gubba" title="Birri Gubba">Birri Gubba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidjara_(Bulloo_River)" title="Bidjara (Bulloo River)">Bidjara (Bulloo River)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidjara_(Warrego_River)" title="Bidjara (Warrego River)">Bidjara (Warrego River)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biyaygiri" title="Biyaygiri">Biyaygiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bugulmara" title="Bugulmara">Bugulmara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buluwai" class="mw-redirect" title="Buluwai">Buluwai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Butchulla" title="Butchulla">Butchulla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bwgcolman" title="Bwgcolman">Bwgcolman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dalla_people" title="Dalla people">Dalla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darumbal" title="Darumbal">Darumbal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djabugay" title="Djabugay">Djabugay/Tjapukai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djagaraga" title="Djagaraga">Djagaraga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djakunda" title="Djakunda">Djakunda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djankun" title="Djankun">Djankun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djindubari" title="Djindubari">Djindubari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dyirbal_people" title="Dyirbal people">Dyirbal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djiru_people" title="Djiru people">Djiru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ewamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewamin">Ewamin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garrwa_people" title="Garrwa people">Garrwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geynyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Geynyon">Geynyon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gia_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gia tribe">Gia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giabal" title="Giabal">Giabal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Girramay" title="Girramay">Girramay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Goeng">Goeng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goreng_goreng" class="mw-redirect" title="Goreng goreng">Goreng goreng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Gubbi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gubbi Gubbi people">Gubbi Gubbi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gudjal" title="Gudjal">Kutjala/Gudjal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gugu-Badhun" title="Gugu-Badhun">Gugu-Badhun/Kokopatun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Rarmul" title="Gugu Rarmul">Gugu Rarmul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gulngai" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulngai">Gulngai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gumakudin" title="Gumakudin">Gumakudin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gungganyji" title="Gungganyji">Gungganyji/Kongkandji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gunggari_people" title="Gunggari people">Gunggari/Kunggari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_people" title="Guugu Yimithirr people">Guugu Yimithirr/Kokoimudji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iningai" title="Iningai">Iningai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Injilarija" title="Injilarija">Injilarija</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Injinoo" title="Injinoo">Injinoo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ithu" title="Ithu">Ithu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jarowair" title="Jarowair">Jarowair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julaolinja" title="Julaolinja">Julaolinja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jupangati" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupangati">Jupangati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juru_people" title="Juru people">Juru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaantju" title="Kaantju">Kaantju</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kabalbara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabalbara">Kabalbara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaiabara" title="Kaiabara">Kaiabara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaiadilt" title="Kaiadilt">Kaiadilt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kairi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kairi people">Kairi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kalali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalali people">Kalali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kalibamu" title="Kalibamu">Kalibamu</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungu" title="Kalkatungu">Kalkadoon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kambuwal" title="Kambuwal">Kambuwal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kangulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangulu">Kangulu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanolu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanolu">Kanolu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karanja_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Karanja people">Karanja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kareldi" title="Kareldi">Kareldi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karendala" class="mw-redirect" title="Karendala">Karendala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karingbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Karingbal">Karingbal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karuwali" title="Karuwali">Karuwali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaurareg" title="Kaurareg">Kaurareg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kawadji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawadji">Kawadji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koa_people" title="Koa people">Koa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koamu" title="Koamu">Koamu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koinjmal_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinjmal tribe">Koinjmal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokangol" title="Kokangol">Kokangol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokobididji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokobididji">Kokobididji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokobujundji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokobujundji">Kokobujundji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokokulunggur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokokulunggur">Kokokulunggur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokomini" title="Kokomini">Kokomini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokonyekodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokonyekodi">Kokonyekodi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokopera" title="Kokopera">Kokopera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokowalandja" title="Kokowalandja">Kokowalandja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokowara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokowara">Kokowara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongabula" title="Kongabula">Kongabula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kooma" title="Kooma">Kooma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kugu_Nganhcara" title="Kugu Nganhcara">Kugu Nganhcara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kukatja_(Queensland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukatja (Queensland)">Kukatja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuku_Nyungkal" title="Kuku Nyungkal">Kuku Nyungkal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuku_Yalanji" title="Kuku Yalanji">Kuku Yalanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kulumali" title="Kulumali">Kulumali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kungadutji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungadutji">Kungadutji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunggara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunggara">Kunggara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kungkalenja" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungkalenja">Kungkalenja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunja_people" title="Kunja people">Kunja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kutjal" title="Kutjal">Kutjal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuungkari" title="Kuungkari">Kuungkari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laia_people" title="Laia people">Laia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lama_Lama_people" title="Lama Lama people">Lama Lama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lanima_people" title="Lanima people">Lanima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lardil_people" title="Lardil people">Lardil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lotiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotiga">Lotiga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madjandji" title="Madjandji">Madjandji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maiawali" title="Maiawali">Maiawali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maijabi" title="Maijabi">Maijabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maikulan" title="Maikulan">Maikulan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maithakari" title="Maithakari">Maithakari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malintji" title="Malintji">Malintji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mamu_people" title="Mamu people">Mamu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manbarra" title="Manbarra">Manbarra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mandandanji" title="Mandandanji">Mandandanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maranganji" title="Maranganji">Maranganji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marrago" title="Marrago">Marrago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marulta" title="Marulta">Marulta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kutuna" title="Mayi-Kutuna">Mayi-Kutuna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mbabaram_people" title="Mbabaram people">Mbabaram</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mbara_people" title="Mbara people">Mbara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mbewum" title="Mbewum">Mbewum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mimungkum" title="Mimungkum">Mimungkum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mingin_people" title="Mingin people">Mingin/Mingginda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mitaka_people" title="Mitaka people">Mitaka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miyan_people" title="Miyan people">Miyan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muluridji" title="Muluridji">Muluridji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muragan" title="Muragan">Muragan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murri_people" title="Murri people">Murri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mutumui" title="Mutumui">Mutumui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngajanji" title="Ngajanji">Ngajanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngandangara" title="Ngandangara">Ngandangara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaro_people" title="Ngaro people">Ngaro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngathokudi" title="Ngathokudi">Ngathokudi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaun" title="Ngaun">Ngaun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaygungu_people" title="Ngaygungu people">Ngaygungu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nggamadi" title="Nggamadi">Nggamadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nguburinji" title="Nguburinji">Nguburinji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngulungbara" title="Ngulungbara">Ngulungbara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngundjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngundjan">Ngundjan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngurawola" title="Ngurawola">Ngurawola</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nguri_people" title="Nguri people">Nguri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nyawagyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyawagyi">Nyawagyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nyuwathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyuwathai">Nyuwathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olkola" class="mw-redirect" title="Olkola">Olkola</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otati" class="mw-redirect" title="Otati">Otati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pakadji" title="Pakadji">Pakadji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pitapita" title="Pitapita">Pitapita</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pontunj" title="Pontunj">Pontunj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punthamara" title="Punthamara">Punthamara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quandamooka_people" title="Quandamooka people">Quandamooka</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Hordes: <a href="/wiki/Ngugi_people" title="Ngugi people">Ngugi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunukul" title="Nunukul">Nunukul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goenpul" title="Goenpul">Goenpul</a> </span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rakkaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakkaia">Rakkaia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ringaringa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringaringa">Ringaringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rungarungawa" title="Rungarungawa">Rungarungawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tagalag_people" title="Tagalag people">Tagalag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taribelang" title="Taribelang">Taribelang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tepiti" title="Tepiti">Tepiti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thaayorre" title="Thaayorre">Thaayorre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thereila" class="mw-redirect" title="Thereila">Thereila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tjongkandji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjongkandji">Tjongkandji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Totj" title="Totj">Totj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tulua_people" title="Tulua people">Tulua</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turrbal" title="Turrbal">Turrbal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umpila" title="Umpila">Umpila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umpithamu" title="Umpithamu">Umpithamu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Undanbi" title="Undanbi">Undanbi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unduyamo" title="Unduyamo">Unduyamo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unjadi" title="Unjadi">Unjadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uw_Oykangand" title="Uw Oykangand">Uw Oykangand/Kwantari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waanyi" title="Waanyi">Waanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wadja_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadja people">Wadja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wadjabangai" title="Wadjabangai">Wadjabangai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wadjalang" title="Wadjalang">Wadjalang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wakabunga" title="Wakabunga">Wakabunga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wakaman" title="Wakaman">Wakaman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wakara_people" title="Wakara people">Wakara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wakka_Wakka" title="Wakka Wakka">Wakka Wakka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walangama" title="Walangama">Walangama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walmbaria" title="Walmbaria">Walmbaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waluwara" title="Waluwara">Waluwara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wanamara" title="Wanamara">Wanamara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangan_people" title="Wangan people">Wangan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wanjuru" title="Wanjuru">Wanjuru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warakamai" class="mw-redirect" title="Warakamai">Warakamai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warrongo_people" title="Warrongo people">Warrongo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wik_peoples" title="Wik peoples">Wik</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikampama" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikampama">Wikampama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikapatja" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikapatja">Wikapatja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikatinda" title="Wikatinda">Wikatinda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikepa">Wikepa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikianji" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikianji">Wikianji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikmean" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikmean">Wikmean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wik-Mungkan_people" title="Wik-Mungkan people">Wik-Mungkan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wiknatanja" title="Wiknatanja">Wiknatanja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winduwinda" title="Winduwinda">Winduwinda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wiri_people" title="Wiri people">Wiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wongkadjera" title="Wongkadjera">Wongkadjera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wongkumara" class="mw-redirect" title="Wongkumara">Wongkumara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woppaburra" class="mw-redirect" title="Woppaburra">Woppaburra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wulgurukaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulgurukaba">Wulgurukaba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wulili" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulili">Wulili</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wulpura" title="Wulpura">Wulpura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wuthathi" title="Wuthathi">Wuthathi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yadhaykenu" title="Yadhaykenu">Yadhaykenu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yagalingu" title="Yagalingu">Yagalingu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yambina" title="Yambina">Yambina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yanda_people" title="Yanda people">Yanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yanga_people" title="Yanga people">Yanga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yangga" title="Yangga">Yangga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yanggal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanggal">Yanggal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yalarnnga" title="Yalarnnga">Yalarnnga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yetimarala" title="Yetimarala">Yetimarala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yetteneru" class="mw-redirect" title="Yetteneru">Yetteneru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yidiny_people" title="Yidiny people">Yidiny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yilba" title="Yilba">Yilba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yiman_people" title="Yiman people">Yiman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yintyingka" title="Yintyingka">Yintyingka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yinwum" title="Yinwum">Yinwum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yirandhali" title="Yirandhali">Yirandhali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yirrganydji" title="Yirrganydji">Yirrganydji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yir-Yoront" title="Yir-Yoront">Yir-Yoront</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh_people" title="Yugambeh people">Yugambeh</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Clans: <a href="/wiki/Gugingin_clan" title="Gugingin clan">Gugingin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanggeriburra_clan" title="Wanggeriburra clan">Wanggeriburra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kombumerri_clan" title="Kombumerri clan">Kombumerri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mununjali_clan" title="Mununjali clan">Mununjali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulgigin_clan" title="Tulgigin clan">Tulgigin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugara">Yugara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yuibera" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuibera">Yuibera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yukulta" title="Yukulta">Yukulta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yungkurara" title="Yungkurara">Yungkurara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yurlayurlanya" title="Yurlayurlanya">Yurlayurlanya</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Badu_people" title="Badu people">Badu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaurareg" title="Kaurareg">Kaurareg‎</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mabuiag" title="Mabuiag">Mabuiag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meriam_people" title="Meriam people">Meriam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mua_people" title="Mua people">Mua</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-weight: bold;"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">By state or territory</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed 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