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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definice_oxidačního_čísla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definice_oxidačního_čísla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definice oxidačního čísla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definice_oxidačního_čísla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabulka_elektronegativity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabulka_elektronegativity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tabulka elektronegativity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabulka_elektronegativity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Výpočty_oxidačního_čísla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výpočty_oxidačního_čísla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Výpočty oxidačního čísla</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Výpočty_oxidačního_čísla-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Výpočty oxidačního čísla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Výpočty_oxidačního_čísla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Výpočet_z_Lewisovské_struktury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výpočet_z_Lewisovské_struktury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Výpočet z Lewisovské struktury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výpočet_z_Lewisovské_struktury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Výpočet_pro_jednoduché_sloučeniny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výpočet_pro_jednoduché_sloučeniny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Výpočet pro jednoduché sloučeniny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výpočet_pro_jednoduché_sloučeniny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Přípony_podle_oxidačního_čísla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Přípony_podle_oxidačního_čísla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Přípony podle oxidačního čísla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Přípony_podle_oxidačního_čísla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seznam_oxidačních_čísel_prvků" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seznam_oxidačních_čísel_prvků"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Seznam oxidačních čísel prvků</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seznam_oxidačních_čísel_prvků-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxidační číslo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 80 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasietoestand" title="Oksidasietoestand – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oksidasietoestand" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_d%27oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Numero d'oxidación – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Numero d'oxidación" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="حالة الأكسدة – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة الأكسدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="حالة د لأكسدة – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حالة د لأكسدة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_d%27oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Estáu d'oxidación – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu d'oxidación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B6%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Окисланыу дәрәжәһе – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Окисланыу дәрәжәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paindikan_oksidasi" title="Paindikan oksidasi – balijština" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Paindikan oksidasi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ступень акіслення – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ступень акіслення" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ступень затляненьня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ступень затляненьня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Степен на окисление – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Степен на окисление" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_number" title="Oxidation number – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="Oxidation number" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="জারণ অবস্থা – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জারণ অবস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oksidacijsko stanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_d%27oxidaci%C3%B3" title="Estat d'oxidació – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat d'oxidació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ژمارەی ئۆکسان – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژمارەی ئۆکسان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%C4%95" title="Оксидлав капашĕ – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оксидлав капашĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyflwr_ocsidiad" title="Cyflwr ocsidiad – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyflwr ocsidiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationstrin" title="Oxidationstrin – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oxidationstrin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oxidationszahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Αριθμός οξείδωσης – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμός οξείδωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oxidation state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidi%C4%9Da_nombro" title="Oksidiĝa nombro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oksidiĝa nombro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Estado de oxidación – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de oxidación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oks%C3%BCdatsiooniaste" title="Oksüdatsiooniaste – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oksüdatsiooniaste" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidazio-egoera" title="Oxidazio-egoera – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oxidazio-egoera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="عدد اکسایش – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدد اکسایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapetusluku" title="Hapetusluku – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hapetusluku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_d%27oxydation" title="Nombre d'oxydation – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nombre d'oxydation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidaasjetast%C3%A2n" title="Oksidaasjetastân – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oksidaasjetastân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staid_ocsa%C3%ADdi%C3%BAch%C3%A1in" title="Staid ocsaídiúcháin – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Staid ocsaídiúcháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Estado de oxidación – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado de oxidación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9F" title="דרגת חמצון – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרגת חמצון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ऑक्सीकरण संख्या – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑक्सीकरण संख्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacijski_broj" title="Oksidacijski broj – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oksidacijski broj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degre_oksidasyon" title="Degre oksidasyon – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Degre oksidasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_sz%C3%A1m" title="Oxidációs szám – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oxidációs szám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Օքսիդացման աստիճան – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքսիդացման աստիճան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bilangan oksidasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxunartala" title="Oxunartala – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Oxunartala" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato di ossidazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0" title="酸化数 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸化数" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kijytcini" title="kijytcini – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kijytcini" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ჟანგვის რიცხვი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟანგვის რიცხვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%83_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Тотығу дәрежесі – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тотығу дәрежесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%EC%88%98" title="산화수 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산화수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacijos_laipsnis" title="Oksidacijos laipsnis – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oksidacijos laipsnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksid%C4%93%C5%A1anas_pak%C4%81pe" title="Oksidēšanas pakāpe – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oksidēšanas pakāpe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шапамомшкась – mokšanština" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Шапамомшкась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Оксидационен број – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оксидационен број" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Исэлдэлтийн зэрэг – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исэлдэлтийн зэрэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keadaan_pengoksidaan" title="Keadaan pengoksidaan – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keadaan pengoksidaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidatschoonstall" title="Oxidatschoonstall – dolnoněmčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oxidatschoonstall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoněmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidatietoestand" title="Oxidatietoestand – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oxidatietoestand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasjonstal" title="Oksidasjonstal – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oksidasjonstal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasjonstall" title="Oksidasjonstall – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oksidasjonstall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਆਕਸੀਕਰਨ ਸੰਖਿਆ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਕਸੀਕਰਨ ਸੰਖਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_utlenienia" title="Stopień utlenienia – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stopień utlenienia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado de oxidação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num%C4%83r_de_oxidare" title="Număr de oxidare – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Număr de oxidare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Степень окисления – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Степень окисления" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksiderenlohku" title="Oksiderenlohku – sámština (severní)" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oksiderenlohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sámština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacioni_broj" title="Oksidacioni broj – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oksidacioni broj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oxidation state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Oxidačné číslo – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxidačné číslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oksidacijsko stanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Оксидационо стање – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оксидационо стање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationstal" title="Oxidationstal – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oxidationstal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="ஆக்சிசனேற்ற நிலை – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆக்சிசனேற்ற நிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สถานะออกซิเดชัน – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานะออกซิเดชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCkseltgenme_durumu" title="Yükseltgenme durumu – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yükseltgenme durumu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ступінь окиснення – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ступінь окиснення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="تکسیدی عدد – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تکسیدی عدد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidlanish_darajasi" title="Oksidlanish darajasi – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oksidlanish darajasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_oxy_h%C3%B3a" title="Trạng thái oxy hóa – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trạng thái oxy hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0" title="氧化数 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氧化数" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-oxidation_state" title="I-oxidation state – xhoština" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-oxidation state" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0" title="氧化数 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氧化数" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B8" title="氧化數 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氧化數" 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/></a><figcaption>Ukázka předání elektronu mezi atomy sodíku Na a fluoridu F za vzniku sloučeniny fluoridu sodného, NaF.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Oxidační číslo</b> (<b>oxidační stav,</b> <b>oxidační</b> <b>stupeň nebo také</b> <b>mocenství)</b> je <a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj">elektrický náboj</a>, který by se nacházel na atomu prvku, kdybychom elektrony v každé vazbě, které vycházejí z daného atomu, přidělili atomu s vyšší <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita">elektronegativitou</a>. </p><p>Oxidační číslo atomu neodpovídá jeho reálnému náboji. Tyto dvě veličiny si odpovídají pouze u vysokých oxidačních čísel, kde je <a href="/wiki/Ioniza%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Ionizační potenciál">ionizační energie</a> mnohem vyšší než energie <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_reakce" title="Chemická reakce">chemických reakcí</a>. Přiřazování vazebných elektronů jednotlivým atomům pomocí oxidačního čísla je proto formální, ale je to velmi užitečné pro pochopení mnoha chemických reakcí. </p><p>Oxidační čísla mohou nabývat kladných hodnot, záporných hodnot, ale mohou mít i hodnotu nula. Pokud atom elektrony přijímá, je jeho oxidační číslo záporné, pokud je odevzdává, je kladné. <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">Molekula</a> v základním stavu má oxidační číslo rovné nule neboli součet oxidačních čísel atomů v molekule je nula. Kladné hodnoty oxidačního čísla se pohybují v rozmezí od I+ do VIII+. Záporné hodnoty se pohybují v rozmezí od I− až do IV−. Atom jednoho prvku může mít různá oxidační čísla podle toho, v jaké sloučenině se zrovna nachází. </p><p>U kladných oxidačních čísel se znaménko psát ani číst nemusí, u záporných oxidačních čísel se znaménko bezpodmínečně píše i čte. Oxidační čísla jednotlivých prvků se nacházejí v periodické soustavě prvků. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definice_oxidačního_čísla"><span id="Definice_oxida.C4.8Dn.C3.ADho_.C4.8D.C3.ADsla"></span>Definice oxidačního čísla</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Definice oxidačního čísla" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Definice oxidačního čísla"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termín oxidace byl poprvé použit <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoinem Lavoisierem</a> při zkoumání reakcí látek s <a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">kyslíkem</a>. Mnohem později byl význam rozšířen i na další reakce, kterých se kyslík neúčastnil. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_unie_pro_%C4%8Distou_a_u%C5%BEitou_chemii" title="Mezinárodní unie pro čistou a užitou chemii">IUPAC</a> (Mezinárodní unie pro čistou a užitou chemii)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zveřejnila v roce 2016 <i>Komplexní definici stavu oxidace.</i> Zkrácená definice oxidačního stavu (oxidačního čísla) je:</p><blockquote><p><i>Oxidační stav atomu je nábojem tohoto atomu po iontové aproximaci jeho heteronukleárních vazeb...</i></p></blockquote><p>Základním principem této definice je, že pomocí <a href="/wiki/Aproximace" title="Aproximace">aproximace</a> (přiblížení, odhad) považujeme všechny vazby za <a href="/wiki/Iontov%C3%A1_vazba" title="Iontová vazba">iontové</a>. Ve spojení mezi dvěma různými prvky jsou tedy elektrony vazby přiřazeny k tomu, který má vyšší elektronegativitu. Ve vazbě mezi dvěma atomy stejného prvku jsou elektrony rozděleny rovnoměrně. </p><p>Pro jednoduchý odhad iontové aproximace lze použít Allenovu stupnici elektronegativity. Elektronegativita je schopnost atomů vázat elektrony chemické vazby. Čím je vyšší, tím má atom větší schopnost vázat elektrony. Naopak atom s nízkou elektronegativitou elektrony raději odevzdává. </p><p>Nejnižší elektronegativitu má francium s hodnotou 0,7 a nejvyšší elektronegativitu má fluor s hodnotou 3,98. Fluor má proto ve všech svých sloučeninách oxidační číslo I−. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tabulka_elektronegativity">Tabulka elektronegativity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Tabulka elektronegativity" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Tabulka elektronegativity"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="CENTER" width="80%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="20">→ <a href="/wiki/Atomov%C3%BD_polom%C4%9Br" title="Atomový poloměr">Atomový poloměr</a> se zmenšuje → <a href="/wiki/Ioniza%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_energie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizační energie">Ionizační energie</a> vzrůstá → Elektronegativita vzrůstá → </th></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>Skupina</b> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td><b>8</b> </td> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td><b>10</b> </td> <td><b>11</b> </td> <td><b>12</b> </td> <td><b>13</b> </td> <td><b>14</b> </td> <td><b>15</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chalkogeny" title="Chalkogeny"><b>16</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogeny" title="Halogeny"><b>17</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cn%C3%A9_plyny" title="Vzácné plyny"><b>18</b></a> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>Perioda</b> </td> <td colspan="19"> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">H</a>2.20 </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a>3.89 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe900"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>0.98 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbb00"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>1.57 </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9700"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(prvek)" title="Bor (prvek)">B</a>2.04 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6f00"><a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">C</a>2.55 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4900"><a href="/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík">N</a>3.04 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff2a00"><a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">O</a>3.44 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff0000"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>3.98 </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>3.67 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffed00"><a href="/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk" title="Sodík">Na</a>0.93 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%99%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Hořčík">Mg</a>1.31 </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb800"><a href="/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk" title="Hliník">Al</a>1.61 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%99em%C3%ADk" title="Křemík">Si</a>1.90 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8b00"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a>2.19 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6d00"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">S</a>2.58 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4000"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a>3.16 </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>3.3 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#fff600"><a href="/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík">K</a>0.82 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe800"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pn%C3%ADk" title="Vápník">Ca</a>1.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffcc00"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a>1.36 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbe00"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(prvek)" title="Titan (prvek)">Ti</a>1.54 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb700"><a href="/wiki/Vanad" title="Vanad">V</a>1.63 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb400"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>1.66 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffbd00"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>1.55 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa700"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">Fe</a>1.83 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa300"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a>1.88 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa100"><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">Ni</a>1.91 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C4%8F" title="Měď">Cu</a>1.90 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb500"><a href="/wiki/Zinek" title="Zinek">Zn</a>1.65 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa900"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a>1.81 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9900"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>2.01 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>2.18 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6f00"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a>2.55 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4f00"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a>2.96 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff4c00"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>3.00 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#fff600"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a>0.82 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffec00"><a href="/wiki/Stroncium" title="Stroncium">Sr</a>0.99 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd700"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>1.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffce00"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a>1.33 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb900"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a>1.6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8d00"><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a>2.16 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/Technecium" title="Technecium">Tc</a>1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8400"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>2.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>2.20 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9f00"><a href="/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%ADbro" title="Stříbro">Ag</a>1.93 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb200"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a>1.69 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffab00"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a>1.78 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9d00"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADn" title="Cín">Sn</a>1.96 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9600"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a>2.05 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9200"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a>2.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6700"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a>2.66 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff6b00"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>2.6 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#fff800"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a>0.79 </td> <td bgcolor="#fff000"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum">Ba</a>0.89 </td> <td>* <p>  </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc100"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7e00"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a>2.36 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffa200"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>1.9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>2.20 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8400"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a>2.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff7000"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a>2.54 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Rtu%C5%A5" title="Rtuť">Hg</a>2.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffb700"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a>1.62 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8000"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a>2.33 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9800"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a>2.02 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9a00"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>2.0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a>2.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ff8a00"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>2.2 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff00"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>0.7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffef00"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>0.9 </td> <td>** <p>  </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicium" title="Kopernicium">Cn</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin">Ts</a>  </td> <td bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a>  </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanoidy" title="Lanthanoidy">Lanthanoidy</a> </td> <td>* <p>  </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a>1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a>1.12 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a>1.13 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffdd00"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a>1.14 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>1.13 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffda00"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a>1.17 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd800"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>1.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd800"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a>1.2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd700"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a>1.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd600"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a>1.23 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd500"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a>1.24 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd400"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a>1.25 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd300"><a href="/wiki/Lutecium" title="Lutecium">Lu</a>1.27 </td></tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidy" title="Aktinoidy">Aktinoidy</a> </td> <td>** <p>  </p> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffe000"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a>1.1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffc100"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a>1.5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffca00"><a href="/wiki/Uran_(prvek)" title="Uran (prvek)">U</a>1.38 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffcc00"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>1.36 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>1.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffde00"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>1.13 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd200"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>1.28 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a>1.3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffd000"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a>1.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výpočty_oxidačního_čísla"><span id="V.C3.BDpo.C4.8Dty_oxida.C4.8Dn.C3.ADho_.C4.8D.C3.ADsla"></span>Výpočty oxidačního čísla</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Výpočty oxidačního čísla" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výpočty oxidačního čísla"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existují dvě běžně používané metody pro výpočet oxidačního čísla atomu ve sloučenině. První se využívá u sloučenin, které mají Lewisovskou strukturu, jako jsou například organické molekuly. Druhá je použitelná pro jednoduché sloučeniny <a href="/wiki/Anorganick%C3%A1_slou%C4%8Denina" title="Anorganická sloučenina">anorganické</a> i <a href="/wiki/Organick%C3%A1_slou%C4%8Denina" title="Organická sloučenina">organické</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Výpočet_z_Lewisovské_struktury"><span id="V.C3.BDpo.C4.8Det_z_Lewisovsk.C3.A9_struktury"></span>Výpočet z Lewisovské struktury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Výpočet z Lewisovské struktury" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výpočet z Lewisovské struktury"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pokud je známa Lewisovská struktura molekuly, lze jednoznačně určit oxidační stav atomů jako rozdíl mezi počtem <a href="/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_elektron" title="Valenční elektron">valenčních elektronů</a> neutrálního atomu a počtem elektronů, které atomu náleží ve vázaném stavu. Pro výpočet oxidačního stavu se předpokládá, že elektrony z vazby mezi dvěma různými prvky patří atomu s vyšší elektronegativitou a elektrony z vazby mezi stejnými atomy se dělí rovným dílem. </p><p>Například <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_octov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina octová">kyselina octová</a>: </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Acetic_acid_structures4.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Struktura kyseliny octové"><img alt="Struktura kyseliny octové" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Acetic_acid_structures4.png/400px-Acetic_acid_structures4.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Acetic_acid_structures4.png/600px-Acetic_acid_structures4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Acetic_acid_structures4.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="235" /></a></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">Uhlík</a> z methylové skupiny má šest <a href="/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_elektron" title="Valenční elektron">valenčních elektronů</a> z vazeb k atomům <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodíku</a>, protože je více elektronegativní. Další elektron získá z vazby k atomu uhlíku karboxylové skupiny. Celkem mu tedy náleží sedm elektronů. Neutrální atom uhlíku má čtyři elektrony. Rozdíl, 4 − 7 = −3, je oxidační číslo atomu uhlíku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Výpočet_pro_jednoduché_sloučeniny"><span id="V.C3.BDpo.C4.8Det_pro_jednoduch.C3.A9_slou.C4.8Deniny"></span>Výpočet pro jednoduché sloučeniny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Výpočet pro jednoduché sloučeniny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výpočet pro jednoduché sloučeniny"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pro jednoduché sloučeniny platí pravidla, která umožňují jednoduše vypočítat oxidační číslo prvku ve sloučenině. </p><p><b>Základní pravidla</b> </p> <ol><li>Součet oxidačních čísel všech atomů neutrální nebo nabité sloučeniny musí být stejný jako náboj sloučeniny.</li> <li>Součet oxidačních čísel všech atomů neutrální sloučeniny se rovná 0.</li> <li>Součet oxidačních čísel všech atomů v iontu se musí rovnat celkovému náboji iontu.</li> <li>Prvky v elementárním stavu mají vždy oxidační číslo 0, ať už jsou tvořeny atomy nebo molekulami. Například <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%99%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Hořčík">Mg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bor_(prvek)" title="Bor (prvek)">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">O<sub>2</sub></a><sub>,</sub><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P<sub>4</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">S<sub>8</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> má vždy oxidační číslo I−, protože je to prvek s nejvyšší elektronegativitou.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">Vodík</a> má běžně oxidační číslo I+. Oxidační číslo I− má pouze ve sloučeninách, kde je vázán k elektropozitivnějšímu prvku (NaH, NaBH<sub>4</sub>, ...).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">Kyslík</a> má oxidační číslo II−. Výjimku tvoří <a href="/wiki/Peroxidy" title="Peroxidy">peroxidy</a> (I−), <a href="/wiki/Superoxidy" title="Superoxidy">superoxidy</a> (I/II−), <a href="/wiki/Ozonidy" title="Ozonidy">ozonidy</a> (I/III−), <a href="/wiki/Difluorid_kysl%C3%ADku" title="Difluorid kyslíku">difluorid kyslíku</a> OF<sub>2</sub> (II+) a difluorid dikyslíku O<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (I+).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkalick%C3%A9_kovy" title="Alkalické kovy">Alkalické kovy</a> mají oxidační číslo I+, výjimku tvoří pouze alkalidy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovy_alkalick%C3%BDch_zemin" title="Kovy alkalických zemin">Kovy alkalických zemin</a> mají vždy oxidační číslo II+.</li> <li>Oxidační číslo iontu atomu odpovídá jeho iontovému náboji. V <a href="/wiki/Kation" title="Kation">kationtu</a> Cu<sup>2+</sup> má <a href="/wiki/M%C4%9B%C4%8F" title="Měď">měď</a> oxidační číslo II+, v <a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">aniontu</a> Cl<sup>−</sup> má chlor oxidační číslo I−.</li> <li>V případě organických sloučenin s <a href="/wiki/Kovalentn%C3%AD_vazba" title="Kovalentní vazba">kovalentními vazbami</a> je sloučenina formálně rozdělena na <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ionty</a> na základě elektronegativity jednotlivých atomů. Pak se předpokládá, že elektrony zapojené do vazby jsou zcela převzaty více elektronegativním atomem</li> <li>Většina prvků se může vyskytnout v několika oxidačních číslech.</li> <li>Nejvyšší možné oxidační číslo prvku odpovídá číslu hlavní nebo vedlejší skupiny v <a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka">periodické tabulce</a>, kde se prvek nachází.</li> <li>Vedle fluoru mají oxidační číslo I− také ostatní <a href="/wiki/Halogeny" title="Halogeny">halogeny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">chlor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">brom</a> a <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">jód</a>. Jsou výjimky: sloučeniny s kyslíkem (oxidy halogenů) nebo interhalogenní sloučeniny.</li> <li>Atomy <a href="/wiki/Kovy" title="Kovy">kovů</a> mají v iontových sloučeninách vždy kladné oxidační číslo.</li></ol> <p><b>Křížové pravidlo</b> </p><p>K tomu, abychom vyjádřili oxidační číslo ve sloučeninách, které mají prvky v různém poměru, nám pomáhá křížové pravidlo. Pomocí tohoto pravidla určíme například oxidační číslo <a href="/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%ADbro" title="Stříbro">stříbra</a> v Ag<sub>2</sub>O takto: </p> <ul><li>Víme, že kyslík má oxidační číslo II− a jeho dolní index je 1, tedy Ag<sub>2</sub><sup>?</sup> O<sub>1</sub><sup>II−</sup></li> <li>Pokud spojíme dolní index Ag s horním indexem O, platí 2=II</li> <li>Pokud spojíme horní index Ag s dolním indexem O, platí ?=1, tedy horní index musí být I</li> <li>Vzorec s oxidačními čísly je tedy Ag<sub>2</sub><sup>I+</sup> O<sub>1</sub><sup>II−</sup></li></ul> <p>Křížové pravidlo je možné použít nejenom u kysličníků, ale i u dalších sloučenin jako jsou <a href="/wiki/Soli" title="Soli">soli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroxidy" title="Hydroxidy">hydroxidy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyseliny" title="Kyseliny">kyseliny</a> atd. Pravidlo se pak uplatňuje nejenom mezi jednotlivými prvky, ale mezi celou kationtovou nebo celou aniontovou skupinou. Jestliže tedy máme fosforečnan vápenatý Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, křížové pravidlo se používá mezi vápenatým kationtem a fosforečnanovým aniontem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Přípony_podle_oxidačního_čísla"><span id="P.C5.99.C3.ADpony_podle_oxida.C4.8Dn.C3.ADho_.C4.8D.C3.ADsla"></span>Přípony podle oxidačního čísla</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Přípony podle oxidačního čísla" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Přípony podle oxidačního čísla"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V názvech anorganických sloučenin je oxidační číslo daného prvku vyjádřeno příponou. Například v chloridu sodném má atom <a href="/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk" title="Sodík">sodíku</a> oxidační číslo I+ (koncovka -ný), v <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_%C5%BEelezit%C3%BD" title="Chlorid železitý">chloridu železitém</a> má atom <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železa</a> oxidační číslo III+ (koncovka <i>-</i>itý). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>oxidační číslo </th> <th>přípona přídavného jména </th> <th>přípona podstatného jména </th> <th>příklad </th></tr> <tr> <td>I+ </td> <td>-ný </td> <td>-nan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorid sodný">chlorid sodný</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlornan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlornan sodný">chlornan sodný</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>II+ </td> <td>-natý </td> <td>-natan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulfid_olovnat%C3%BD" title="Sulfid olovnatý">sulfid olovnatý</a>, tetrafluoroberyllnatan </td></tr> <tr> <td>III+ </td> <td>-itý </td> <td>-itan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid_hlinit%C3%BD" title="Oxid hlinitý">oxid hlinitý</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_borit%C3%A1" title="Kyselina boritá">kyselina boritá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dusitan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Dusitan sodný">dusitan sodný</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV+ </td> <td>-ičitý </td> <td>-ičitan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyselina_k%C5%99emi%C4%8Dit%C3%A1" title="Kyselina křemičitá">kyselina křemičitá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxid_dusi%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid dusičitý">oxid dusičitý</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uhli%C4%8Ditan_draseln%C3%BD" title="Uhličitan draselný">uhličitan draselný</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>V+ </td> <td>-ičný, -ečný </td> <td>-ičnan, -ečnan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyselina_jodi%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Kyselina jodičná">kyselina jodičná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxid_vanadi%C4%8Dn%C3%BD" title="Oxid vanadičný">oxid vanadičný</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxid_fosfore%C4%8Dn%C3%BD" title="Oxid fosforečný">oxid fosforečný</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dusi%C4%8Dnan_amonn%C3%BD" title="Dusičnan amonný">dusičnan amonný</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VI+ </td> <td>-ový </td> <td>-an </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid_s%C3%ADrov%C3%BD" title="Oxid sírový">oxid sírový</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADran_v%C3%A1penat%C3%BD" title="Síran vápenatý">síran vápenatý</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII+ </td> <td>-istý </td> <td>-istan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlor#Kyselina_chlore.C4.8Dn.C3.A1_a_chlorist.C3.A1.2C_chlore.C4.8Dnany_a_chloristany" title="Chlor">kyselina chloristá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganistan_draseln%C3%BD" title="Manganistan draselný">manganistan draselný</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VIII+ </td> <td>-ičelý </td> <td>-ičelan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid_osmi%C4%8Del%C3%BD" title="Oxid osmičelý">oxid osmičelý</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seznam_oxidačních_čísel_prvků"><span id="Seznam_oxida.C4.8Dn.C3.ADch_.C4.8D.C3.ADsel_prvk.C5.AF"></span>Seznam oxidačních čísel prvků</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Seznam oxidačních čísel prvků" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Seznam oxidačních čísel prvků"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V tabulce jsou uvedena možná oxidační čísla prvků. Pro oxidační čísla jsou použity běžné číslice, přestože nejčastěji jsou oxidační čísla psána pomocí římských číslic. Tučně jsou zapsány hodnoty hlavního oxidačního čísla prvku. Například pro <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">berylium</a> je to <b>+2</b>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="19">Oxidační čísla prvků </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" rowspan="2">Prvek </th> <th colspan="5">Záporná oxidační čísla </th> <th> </th> <th colspan="9">Kladná oxidační čísla </th> <th rowspan="2">skupina </th></tr> <tr> <th>−5 </th> <th>−4 </th> <th>−3 </th> <th>−2 </th> <th>−1 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>+1 </th> <th>+2 </th> <th>+3 </th> <th>+4 </th> <th>+5 </th> <th>+6 </th> <th>+7 </th> <th>+8 </th> <th>+9 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Protonov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Protonové číslo">Z</a> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>vodík </td> <td>H </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>helium </td> <td>He </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>lithium </td> <td>Li </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>berylium </td> <td>Be </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>bór </td> <td>B </td> <td>−5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>uhlík </td> <td>C </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−4</b> </td> <td><b>−3</b> </td> <td><b>−2</b> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>dusík </td> <td>N </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−3</b> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>kyslík </td> <td>O </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−2</b> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>fluor </td> <td>F </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>neon </td> <td>Ne </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>sodík </td> <td>Na </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>hořčík </td> <td>Mg </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>hliník </td> <td>Al </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>křemík </td> <td>Si </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−4</b> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>fosfor </td> <td>P </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−3</b> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>síra </td> <td>S </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−2</b> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>chlor </td> <td>Cl </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td>+6 </td> <td><b>+7</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>argon </td> <td>Ar </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>draslík </td> <td>K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>vápník </td> <td>Ca </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>skandium </td> <td>Sc </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>titan </td> <td>Ti </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>vanad </td> <td>V </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>chrom </td> <td>Cr </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>mangan </td> <td>Mn </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td><b>+7</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>železo </td> <td>Fe </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td>+7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td>kobalt </td> <td>Co </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>nikl </td> <td>Ni </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>měď </td> <td>Cu </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>zinek </td> <td>Zn </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td>gallium </td> <td>Ga </td> <td>−5 </td> <td>−4 </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td>germanium </td> <td>Ge </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−4</b> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td>arsen </td> <td>As </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−3</b> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td>selen </td> <td>Se </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−2</b> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td>brom </td> <td>Br </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>+7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td>krypton </td> <td>Kr </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td>rubidium </td> <td>Rb </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td>stroncium </td> <td>Sr </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td>yttrium </td> <td>Y </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td>zirkonium </td> <td>Zr </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td>niob </td> <td>Nb </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td>molybden </td> <td>Mo </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td>technecium </td> <td>Tc </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td><b>+7</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td>ruthenium </td> <td>Ru </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td>+8 </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td>rhodium </td> <td>Rh </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td>palladium </td> <td>Pd </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td>stříbro </td> <td>Ag </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td>kadmium </td> <td>Cd </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td>indium </td> <td>In </td> <td>−5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td>cín </td> <td>Sn </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−4</b> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td>antimon </td> <td>Sb </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−3</b> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>52 </td> <td>tellur </td> <td>Te </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−2</b> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>53 </td> <td>jód </td> <td>I </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td>+6 </td> <td><b>+7</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 </td> <td>xenon </td> <td>Xe </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>0</b> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td>+6 </td> <td> </td> <td>+8 </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>55 </td> <td>cesium </td> <td>Cs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 </td> <td>baryum </td> <td>Ba </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 </td> <td>lanthan </td> <td>La </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 </td> <td>cer </td> <td>Ce </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 </td> <td>praseodym </td> <td>Pr </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td>neodym </td> <td>Nd </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 </td> <td>promethium </td> <td>Pm </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 </td> <td>samarium </td> <td>Sm </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>63 </td> <td>europium </td> <td>Eu </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 </td> <td>gadolinium </td> <td>Gd </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>65 </td> <td>terbium </td> <td>Tb </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>66 </td> <td>dysprosium </td> <td>Dy </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>67 </td> <td>holmium </td> <td>Ho </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>68 </td> <td>erbium </td> <td>Er </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>69 </td> <td>thulium </td> <td>Tm </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td>ytterbium </td> <td>Yb </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>71 </td> <td>lutecium </td> <td>Lu </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>72 </td> <td>hafnium </td> <td>Hf </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>73 </td> <td>tantal </td> <td>Ta </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>74 </td> <td>wolfram </td> <td>W </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>75 </td> <td>rhenium </td> <td>Re </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>76 </td> <td>osmium </td> <td>Os </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td>+8 </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>77 </td> <td>iridium </td> <td>Ir </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td>+8 </td> <td>+9 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>78 </td> <td>platina </td> <td>Pt </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>79 </td> <td>zlato </td> <td>Au </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td>rtuť </td> <td>Hg </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>81 </td> <td>thallium </td> <td>Tl </td> <td>−5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>82 </td> <td>olovo </td> <td>Pb </td> <td> </td> <td>−4 </td> <td> </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>83 </td> <td>bismut </td> <td>Bi </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>−3 </td> <td>−2 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>84 </td> <td>polonium </td> <td>Po </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>85 </td> <td>astat </td> <td>At </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>−1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td>+7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>86 </td> <td>radon </td> <td>Rn </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>87 </td> <td>francium </td> <td>Fr </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>88 </td> <td>radium </td> <td>Ra </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>89 </td> <td>aktinium </td> <td>Ac </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 </td> <td>thorium </td> <td>Th </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>91 </td> <td>protaktinium </td> <td>Pa </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>92 </td> <td>uran </td> <td>U </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>93 </td> <td>neptunium </td> <td>Np </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td>+4 </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>94 </td> <td>plutonium </td> <td>Pu </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td>+3 </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td>+8 </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>95 </td> <td>americium </td> <td>Am </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td>+7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>96 </td> <td>curium </td> <td>Cm </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td>+6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>97 </td> <td>berkelium </td> <td>Bk </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>98 </td> <td>kalifornium </td> <td>Cf </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td>+5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>99 </td> <td>einsteinium </td> <td>Es </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td>+4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td>fermium </td> <td>Fm </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>101 </td> <td>mendelevium </td> <td>Md </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>+2 </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>102 </td> <td>nobelium </td> <td>No </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td>+3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>není k dispozici </td></tr> <tr> <td>103 </td> <td>lawrencium </td> <td>Lr </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>104 </td> <td>rutherfordium </td> <td>Rf </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>105 </td> <td>dubnium </td> <td>Db </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>106 </td> <td>seaborgium </td> <td>Sg </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+6</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>107 </td> <td>bohrium </td> <td>Bh </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+7</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>108 </td> <td>hassium </td> <td>Hs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+8</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>109 </td> <td>meitnerium </td> <td>Mt </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 </td> <td>darmstadtium </td> <td>Ds </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>111 </td> <td>roentgenium </td> <td>Rg </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>112 </td> <td>kopernicium </td> <td>Cn </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>+2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 </td> <td>nihonium </td> <td>Nh </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 </td> <td>flerovium </td> <td>Fl </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 </td> <td>moscovium </td> <td>Mc </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>116 </td> <td>livermorium </td> <td>Lv </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>117 </td> <td>tennessin </td> <td>Ts </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>118 </td> <td>oganesson </td> <td>Og </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state?oldid=1045153956"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Oxidation state</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/html/O/O04365.html">IUPAC Gold Book</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oxidation_states" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Oxidation states">Oxidační číslo</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="en" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: angličtina">(anglicky)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/pac/88/8/article-p831.xml">Comprehensive definition of oxidation state</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/recommendations/recently-published/">IUPAC Recommendations</a> 2016)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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