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laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antichità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antichità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antichità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antichità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medioevo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medioevo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medioevo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medioevo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uso_simbolico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso_simbolico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Uso simbolico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uso_simbolico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funzionamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funzionamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Funzionamento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funzionamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizzo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizzo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Utilizzo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizzo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clessidre_eccezionali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clessidre_eccezionali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Clessidre eccezionali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clessidre_eccezionali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Clessidra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 66 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ساعة رملية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساعة رملية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rel%C3%B3_de_sable" title="Reló de sable - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reló de sable" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qum_saat%C4%B1" title="Qum saatı - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qum saatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ҡом сәғәте - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡом сәғәте" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Пясочны гадзіннік - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пясочны гадзіннік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пясъчен часовник - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пясъчен часовник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurier-traezh" title="Eurier-traezh - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eurier-traezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rellotge_de_sorra" title="Rellotge de sorra - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rellotge de sorra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99es%C3%BDpac%C3%AD_hodiny" title="Přesýpací hodiny - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přesýpací hodiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B4sk%C3%B2wi_z%C3%A9d%C5%BCier" title="Piôskòwi zédżier - kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Piôskòwi zédżier" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%83%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%87%C4%95" title="Хăйăр сехечĕ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хăйăр сехечĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeglas" title="Timeglas - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Timeglas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanduhr" title="Sanduhr - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sanduhr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%88%CF%8D%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Κλεψύδρα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλεψύδρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hourglass" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablohorlo%C4%9Do" title="Sablohorloĝo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sablohorloĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reloj_de_arena" title="Reloj de arena - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reloj de arena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liivakell" title="Liivakell - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liivakell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harea-erloju" title="Harea-erloju - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harea-erloju" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ساعت شنی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت شنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiimalasi" title="Tiimalasi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiimalasi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablier" title="Sablier - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sablier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ngl%C3%AAs" title="Sânglês - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sânglês" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reloxo_de_area" title="Reloxo de area - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reloxo de area" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C" title="שעון חול - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שעון חול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pje%C5%A1%C4%8Dani_sat" title="Pješčani sat - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pješčani sat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homok%C3%B3ra" title="Homokóra - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Homokóra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Ավազի ժամացույց - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավազի ժամացույց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_pasir" title="Jam pasir - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jam pasir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%99%82%E8%A8%88" title="砂時計 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="砂時計" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Құм сағат - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құм сағат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%8B" title="នាឡិកាខ្សាច់ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="នាឡិកាខ្សាច់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%9E%98%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84" title="모래시계 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모래시계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clepsydra_(horologium)" title="Clepsydra (horologium) - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Clepsydra (horologium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandauer" title="Sandauer - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sandauer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C4%97lio_laikrodis" title="Smėlio laikrodis - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Smėlio laikrodis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smil%C5%A1u_pulkstenis" title="Smilšu pulkstenis - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Smilšu pulkstenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Песочник (направа) - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Песочник (направа)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="മണൽ ഘടികാരം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണൽ ഘടികാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_pasir" title="Jam pasir - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jam pasir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95" title="बालुवा समयक - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बालुवा समयक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandloper" title="Zandloper - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zandloper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeglas" title="Timeglas - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Timeglas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeglass" title="Timeglass - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Timeglass" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablier" title="Sablier - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sablier" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%98%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੇਤ ਘੜੀ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਤ ਘੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klepsydra" title="Klepsydra - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klepsydra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampulheta" title="Ampulheta - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ampulheta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clepsidr%C4%83" title="Clepsidră - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clepsidră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Песочные часы - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Песочные часы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0h%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кумах чаhыта - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кумах чаhыта" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hourglass" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pres%C3%BDpacie_hodiny" title="Presýpacie hodiny - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Presýpacie hodiny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%A1%C4%8Dena_ura" title="Peščena ura - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Peščena ura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пешчани часовник - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пешчани часовник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timglas" title="Timglas - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Timglas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saa_ya_mchanga" title="Saa ya mchanga - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saa ya mchanga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="นาฬิกาทราย - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาฬิกาทราย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orasa" title="Orasa - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Orasa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum_saati" title="Kum saati - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kum saati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пісковий годинник - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пісковий годинник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DA%AF%DA%BE%DA%91%DB%8C" title="ریت گھڑی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریت گھڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_h%E1%BB%93_c%C3%A1t" title="Đồng hồ cát - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng hồ cát" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%8F" title="沙漏 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沙漏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%8F" title="沙漏 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙漏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%8F" title="沙漏 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙漏" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Clessidra_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Clessidra (disambigua)">Clessidra (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg/220px-Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg/330px-Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg/440px-Orologio_a_sabbia_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_03303_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Orologio a sabbia sec. XVII - <a href="/wiki/Museo_nazionale_della_scienza_e_della_tecnologia_Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci">Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>clessidra</b> (anticamente <b>clepsidra</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chiamata anche <b>orologio a sabbia</b> o molto meno comunemente con il neologismo <b>clepsamia</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è uno strumento per la misura del <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> costituito da due recipienti di forma approssimativamente conica collegati tra di loro, tra i quali scorre una polvere finissima. Il termine clessidra in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">italiano</a> può indicare (più raramente) anche il tipo <a href="/wiki/Clessidra_ad_acqua" title="Clessidra ad acqua">ad acqua</a>. Già nell'<a href="/wiki/Antico_Egitto" title="Antico Egitto">antico Egitto</a> veniva utilizzata per misurare piccole quantità di tempo.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Clessidra</i> viene dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco</a> κλεψύδρα (<i>klepsýdra</i>), che significa letteralmente "ruba-acqua", e si riferiva originariamente alla <a href="/wiki/Clessidra_ad_acqua" title="Clessidra ad acqua">clessidra ad acqua</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sarcofago datato circa 350, raffigurante le nozze di Peleo e Teti (da osservare l'ingrandimento con l'oggetto tenuto da Morfeo tra le mani)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg/220px-Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg/330px-Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg/440px-Peleus-Thetis-350.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption>Sarcofago datato circa 350, raffigurante le nozze di Peleo e Teti (da osservare l'ingrandimento con l'oggetto tenuto da Morfeo tra le mani)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antichità"><span id="Antichit.C3.A0"></span>Antichità</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Antichità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Antichità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'origine della clessidra non è chiara. Si sa che il suo predecessore, la <i>clepsydra</i>, o <a href="/wiki/Orologio_idraulico" title="Orologio idraulico">orologio ad acqua</a>, esisteva in Babilonia e in Egitto già nel XVI secolo a.C. Sono state avanzate alcune ipotesi storiche: </p> <ul><li>Secondo l'American Institute of New York la clessidra fu inventata ad Alessandria intorno al 150 a.C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Secondo il <i>Journal of the British Archaeological Association</i> le cosiddette clepsamie erano in uso prima dell'epoca di San Girolamo (335 d.C.)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>M. Llauradó trovò durante un'indagine la prima rappresentazione di una clessidra in un sarcofago datato circa 350 d.C., raffigurante le nozze di Peleo e Teti, scoperto a Roma nel XVIII secolo, e studiato da <a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Wincklemann</a> nel XIX secolo, che notò una clessidra tenuta da Morfeo tra le sue mani<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medioevo">Medioevo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Medioevo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Medioevo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="La Temperanza che porta una clessidra; dettaglio Allegoria del Buon Governo di Lorenzetti, 1338." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg/220px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg/330px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg/440px-Ambrogio_Lorenzetti_002-detail-Temperance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption>La Temperanza che porta una clessidra; dettaglio <i>Allegoria del Buon Governo</i> di Lorenzetti, 1338</figcaption></figure> <p>Non ci sono testimonianze dell'esistenza della clessidra in Europa prima del tardo Medioevo; il primo esempio documentato risale al XIV secolo, raffigurato nell'affresco del 1338 <i>Allegoria del Buon Governo</i> di <a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti" title="Ambrogio Lorenzetti">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p> L'uso della clessidra marina è documentato fin dal XIV secolo. I documenti scritti a riguardo provenivano principalmente dai giornali di bordo delle navi europee<sup id="cite_ref-Mechanics_of_the_sandglass_-_NASA/ADS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mechanics_of_the_sandglass_-_NASA/ADS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nello stesso periodo compare in altri registri ed elenchi di magazzini di navi. Il primo riferimento registrato che si può dire con certezza si riferisca a una clessidra marina risale al 1345 circa, in una ricevuta di Thomas de Stetesham, impiegato della nave del re <i>La George</i>, durante il regno di <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_III_d%27Inghilterra" title="Edoardo III d'Inghilterra">Edoardo III d'Inghilterra</a>; tradotta dal latino, la ricevuta dice: nel 1345<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p><blockquote><p>Lo stesso Tommaso racconta di aver pagato a Lescluse, nelle Fiandre, dodici orologi di vetro ("pro xii. orlogiis vitreis"), prezzo di ciascuno 4½ lordi, in sterline 9 <i>s.</i> Item, per quattro orologi dello stesso tipo ("de eadem secta"), acquistati lì, prezzo di cinque lordi ciascuno, da 3 sterline (...).</p></blockquote><p>Le clessidre marine erano popolari a bordo delle navi, poiché erano la misura più affidabile del tempo in mare. A differenza della clessidra classica, le clessidre marine che utilizzavano materiali granulari non erano influenzate dal movimento di una nave e meno influenzate dagli sbalzi di temperatura (che potevano causare condensa all'interno di una clessidra)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sebbene le clessidre non fossero sufficientemente precise per essere confrontate con il mezzogiorno solare per la determinazione della longitudine di una nave (poiché un errore di soli quattro minuti corrisponderebbe a un grado di longitudine)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, erano sufficientemente precise per essere utilizzate insieme con un <a href="/wiki/Solcometro" title="Solcometro">solcometro</a> per consentire la misurazione della velocità di una nave in nodi. </p><p>Le clessidre marine in origine erano costituite da due bottiglie di vetro, una capovolta sopra l'altra, collegate da un tubicino, con le estremità avvolte e così unite tra loro. Col passare del tempo, i successivi progressi nell'arte della <a href="/wiki/Soffiatura_del_vetro" title="Soffiatura del vetro">soffiatura del vetro</a> hanno permesso di realizzarle in un unico pezzo. Il vetro veniva riempito con sabbia o materiale idoneo come guscio d'uovo finemente macinato, piombo o trucioli di stagno (utilizzati per evitare l'umidità). Questo materiale fluido è stato scelto con due obiettivi principali: evitare l'umidità e assorbire il movimento, entrambi necessari per l'uso a bordo<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La clessidra trovò popolarità anche sulla terraferma come alternativa economica agli orologi meccanici<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Le clessidre erano comunemente viste in uso nelle chiese, nelle case e nei luoghi di lavoro per misurare i sermoni, il tempo di cottura e il tempo trascorso nelle pause dal lavoro<sup id="cite_ref-Mechanics_of_the_sandglass_-_NASA/ADS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mechanics_of_the_sandglass_-_NASA/ADS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Poiché venivano utilizzate per compiti più quotidiani, il modello della clessidra cominciò a rimpicciolirsi. I modelli più piccoli erano più pratici e molto apprezzati poiché rendevano il cronometraggio più discreto. </p><p>La clessidra, tuttavia, non scomparve del tutto. Sebbene siano diventate relativamente meno utili con l'avanzare della tecnologia degli orologi, le clessidre sono rimaste desiderabili nel loro design. La più antica clessidra sopravvissuta conosciuta risiede nel <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> di Londra<sup id="cite_ref-Mechanics_of_the_sandglass_-_NASA/ADS_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mechanics_of_the_sandglass_-_NASA/ADS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Solo nel XVIII secolo <a href="/wiki/John_Harrison" title="John Harrison">John Harrison</a> inventò un cronometro marino che migliorò significativamente la stabilità della clessidra in mare<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uso_simbolico">Uso simbolico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Uso simbolico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Uso simbolico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Data la sua simmetria, segni grafici che ricordano una clessidra si vedono nell'arte di culture che non hanno mai incontrato tali oggetti, ad esempio fatti dai <a href="/wiki/Nativi_americani" title="Nativi americani">nativi americani</a>, dagli uomini vissuti nel <a href="/wiki/Neolitico" title="Neolitico">Neolitico</a> e dagli <a href="/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu">Zulu</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La clessidra, a volte con l'aggiunta di ali metaforiche, è spesso usata come simbolo del fatto che l'esistenza umana è fugace e che le "sabbie del tempo" si esauriranno per ogni vita umana<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Veniva quindi utilizzata sulle bandiere dei pirati, per evocare la paura attraverso immagini associate alla morte. In Inghilterra, le clessidre venivano talvolta poste nelle bare<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e hanno abbellito le lapidi per secoli. La clessidra veniva usata anche in alchimia come simbolo dell'ora. </p><p>L'ex quartiere metropolitano di Greenwich a Londra utilizzava una clessidra sul suo stemma, a simboleggiare il ruolo di Greenwich come origine del <a href="/wiki/Ora_media_di_Greenwich" title="Ora media di Greenwich">Greenwich Mean Time</a> (GMT). Il successore del distretto, il Royal Borough of Greenwich, utilizza due clessidre sul suo stemma. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cursore a clessidra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg/220px-Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg/330px-Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg/440px-Cursor-design1-hourglass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>Cursore a clessidra</figcaption></figure> <p>Varie interfacce utente grafiche del computer possono trasformare il puntatore in una clessidra mentre il programma è nel mezzo di un'attività e potrebbero non accettare l'input dell'utente. Durante questo periodo di tempo, altri programmi, come quelli aperti in altre finestre, potrebbero funzionare normalmente. Quando una clessidra di questo tipo non scompare, suggerisce che un programma è in un ciclo infinito e deve essere terminato, o è in attesa di qualche evento esterno (come l'inserimento di un CD da parte dell'utente). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> ha un simbolo <small>HOURGLASS</small> in <code>U+231B</code> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funzionamento">Funzionamento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Funzionamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Funzionamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temps_r%C3%A9el.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Temps_r%C3%A9el.gif/110px-Temps_r%C3%A9el.gif" decoding="async" width="110" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Temps_r%C3%A9el.gif/165px-Temps_r%C3%A9el.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Temps_r%C3%A9el.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Immagine animata di una clessidra</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Sabbia" title="Sabbia">sabbia</a> fluisce con regolarità dal bulbo superiore a quello inferiore in un tempo preciso. Al termine è sufficiente capovolgere lo strumento per cominciare un altro periodo. La durata del ciclo dipende dalla quantità e qualità di sabbia, dalla dimensione del collo e dalla forma dei bulbi. In alternativa alla sabbia sono utilizzate anche polveri di calcare (da gusci di uovo o <a href="/wiki/Marmo" title="Marmo">marmo</a> polverizzati). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilizzo">Utilizzo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Utilizzo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizzo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Questo strumento ha oggi solamente una valenza estetica, poiché strumenti più precisi e comodi sono a disposizione. In passato invece, prima del perfezionamento dell'<a href="/wiki/Orologio_a_pendolo" title="Orologio a pendolo">orologio a pendolo</a>, era l'unico strumento affidabile per la misura del tempo in mare e si suppone che il suo impiego in questo senso possa essere cominciato nel <a href="/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo">XII secolo</a>. Prove certe si hanno solamente dal <a href="/wiki/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo">XIV secolo</a>, quando la clessidra è riprodotta in alcune opere di <a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Lorenzetti" title="Ambrogio Lorenzetti">Ambrogio Lorenzetti</a>. Durante il viaggio di <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Magellano" title="Ferdinando Magellano">Ferdinando Magellano</a> attorno al globo, su ogni nave della flotta erano utilizzate 18 clessidre, e uno dei compiti dell'equipaggio era di capovolgerle all'istante giusto. La sincronizzazione delle clessidre era fatta a mezzogiorno, identificabile dal fatto che il <a href="/wiki/Sole" title="Sole">Sole</a> raggiunge la sua massima altezza sull'<a href="/wiki/Orizzonte" title="Orizzonte">orizzonte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clessidre_eccezionali">Clessidre eccezionali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Clessidre eccezionali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Clessidre eccezionali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clessidra_1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Clessidra_1849.jpg/220px-Clessidra_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Clessidra_1849.jpg/330px-Clessidra_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Clessidra_1849.jpg/440px-Clessidra_1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="1093" /></a><figcaption>Clessidra del <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Benché la durata di una clessidra non sia determinata esclusivamente dalla sua dimensione, se però la sabbia scorre per diversi giorni o settimane, si tratta di certo di un esemplare di dimensioni notevoli. </p><p>Due di questi giganti sono la <a href="/wiki/Ruota_del_Tempo_(clessidra)" title="Ruota del Tempo (clessidra)">Ruota del Tempo</a> a <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> e la clessidra nel museo della sabbia di Nima. Con un'altezza rispettivamente di otto e sei metri e una durata di scorrimento di un anno ciascuna, sono due tra gli orologi più grandi del mondo. Un altro gigante si trova dal 2008 sulla <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Rossa" title="Piazza Rossa">Piazza Rossa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia)">Mosca</a>. Alto 11,90 m e pesante 40 tonnellate, è la clessidra più grande del mondo: i due bulbi di vetro dello strumento sono così grandi che possono ospitare comodamente un'<a href="/wiki/Automobile" title="Automobile">automobile</a> lunga 5 m. </p><p>La clessidra più piccola del mondo misura invece solo 2,4 cm. Fu costruita ad <a href="/wiki/Amburgo" title="Amburgo">Amburgo</a> nel 1992 e, per un ciclo completo, richiede meno di 5 secondi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giacomo Devoto e Gian Carlo Oli, <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario della lingua italiana</span>, Firenze, Le Monnier, 1971, p. 498.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Fabio Dell'Orto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilblogdegliorologi.com/notizie/clepsamia-o-clessidra-strumenti-antichi-di-misurazione-del-tempo/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Clepsamia o Clessidra – strumenti antichi di misurazione del tempo</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ilblogdegliorologi.com</span>, 16 aprile 2012. <small>URL consultato il 16 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Tiziana Canali, <span style="font-style:italic;">Capire il presente</span>, Milano, Mondadori, 2017, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-298-5131-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-298-5131-7">978-88-298-5131-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) American Institute of the City of New York, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=3C8LAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1042&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Transactions of the American Institute of the City of New York</span></a>, C. van Benthuysen., 1870. <small>URL consultato il 14 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) British Archaeological Association, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=eJRYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA130&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Journal of the British Archaeological Association</span></a>, Brit. 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Garriga. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788470790904" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-84-7079-090-4</a>.</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Mark Cartwright, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2197/harrisons-marine-chronometer/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Harrison's Marine Chronometer</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">World History Encyclopedia</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">Wishart, David J. (ed.) Encyclopedia of the Great Plains University of Nebraska Press (2004) <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0803247877" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8032-4787-7</a>, p125</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">Philip, Neil The Great Mystery: Myths of Native America, Clarion Books (2001) <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/039598405X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-395-98405-X</a>, p64-65</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518085450/http://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/soccult/afrval.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Copia archiviata</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">web.archive.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 maggio 2024</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/soccult/afrval.html">url originale</abbr> il 18 maggio 2008)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/17/messages/288.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sands of time - phrase meaning and origin</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.phrases.org.uk</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Thomas Ewbank, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=PxEKAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y"><span style="font-style:italic;">A Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and Other Machines for Raising Water, Ancient and Modern: With Observations on Various Subjects Connected with the Mechanic Arts, Including the Progressive Development of the Steam Engine. In Five Books</span></a>, Derby & Jackson, 1857. <small>URL consultato il 14 maggio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clessidra_ad_acqua" title="Clessidra ad acqua">Clessidra ad acqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orologio" title="Orologio">Orologio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridiana" title="Meridiana">Meridiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservazione_e_restauro_degli_orologi" title="Conservazione e restauro degli orologi">Conservazione e restauro degli orologi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Clessidra" class="extiw" title="q:Clessidra">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/clessidra" class="extiw" title="wikt:clessidra">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Hourglasses"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hourglasses?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sulla <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Clessidra" class="extiw" title="q:Clessidra">clessidra</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/clessidra" class="extiw" title="wikt:clessidra">clessidra</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hourglasses?uselang=it">clessidra</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/clessidra"><span style="font-style:italic;">clessidra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179904#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/clessidra.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">clessidra</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179904#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orologimeccanici.com/storia3.asp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Storia dell'orologio: meridiane e clessidre</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">orologimeccanici.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antichitasantoro.com/pubblicazioni/schede/orologeria_parte_seconda.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dalla nascita dell'orologio meccanico all'introduzione del pendolo</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">antichitasantoro.com</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=68949">68949</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85062528">sh85062528</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4491371-0">4491371-0</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11971610h">cb11971610h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11971610h">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529383305171">987007529383305171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metrologia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg/25px-Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg/38px-Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg/50px-Unbalanced_scales_simpler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Metrologia" title="Portale:Metrologia">Portale Metrologia</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di metrologia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&oldid=142077153">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clessidra&oldid=142077153</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Clessidre" title="Categoria:Clessidre">Clessidre</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a 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