CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js gt-ie8" dir="ltr" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" null> <head> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://s.dpmsrv.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.doubleverify.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.optimizely.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.chartbeat.com/"/> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <title>What is point-of-presence (POP)? | Definition from TechTarget</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="description" content="Learn how a point of presence (POP) is designed to connect two or more networks or devices to the internet." /> <meta name="robots" content="noodp" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/point-of-presence-POP" /> <meta property="og:title" content="What is point-of-presence (POP)? | Definition from TechTarget" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Search Networking" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/point-of-presence-POP" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn how a point of presence (POP) is designed to connect two or more networks or devices to the internet." /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="870327132989388" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/TechTargetInfrastructure/" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@techtargetnews" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="What is point-of-presence (POP)? | Definition from TechTarget" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn how a point of presence (POP) is designed to connect two or more networks or devices to the internet." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.techtarget.com/ITKE/images/logos/TTlogo-379x201.png" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.techtarget.com/ITKE/images/logos/TTlogo-379x201.png" /> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <style def-inline type="text/css"> article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block;*display:inline;*zoom:1}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-size:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}html,button,input,select,textarea{font-family:sans-serif}body{margin:0}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}h2{font-size:1.5em;margin:.83em 0}h3{font-size:1.17em;margin:1em 0}h4{font-size:1em;margin:1.33em 0}h5{font-size:.83em;margin:1.67em 0}h6{font-size:.67em;margin:2.33em 0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}b,strong{font-weight:700}blockquote{margin:1em 40px}dfn{font-style:italic}hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}p,pre{margin:1em 0}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,serif;_font-family:"courier new",monospace;font-size:1em}pre{white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word}q{quotes:none}q:before,q:after{content:"";content:none}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-.5em}sub{bottom:-.25em}dl,menu,ol,ul{margin:1em 0}dd{margin:0 0 0 40px}menu,ol,ul{padding:0 0 0 40px}nav ul,nav ol{list-style:none;list-style-image:none}img{border:0;-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:0}form{margin:0}fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}legend{border:0;padding:0;white-space:normal;*margin-left:-7px}button,input,select,textarea{font-size:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:baseline;*vertical-align:middle}button,input{line-height:normal}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer;*overflow:visible}button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;*height:13px;*width:13px}input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}.arial,.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next,.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev,.file-extensions li a,.continue-reading li,#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link,#sdef .main-article-author.v2>span,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList li label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList li label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile,.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li,.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header,input,body{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.arial-i{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:italic}.arial-m,.inline-reg .meterDescription,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header p span,.nav-list-item-header-type,.nav-list-item-header .view-all,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all,.arial-b,.pillar .pillar-navbar h5,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span,.file-extensions .powered-by span,.file-extensions h2,.related-terms dt,.related-terms h4,.definition-title,.definition-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error.submit-error p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li label,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.resources-bar-item,.related-bar-item,.related-bar-header,.resources-bar-header,.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item.title,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile span,.nav-list-sublist-header-topics,.nav-user-action,.nav-links,.nav-join-pro,.header-logo,.section-title,.splash-heading,.button{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.clearfix:before,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form:before,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form:before,.content-columns:before,.clearfix:after,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form:after,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form:after,.content-columns:after{content:"";display:table}.clearfix:after,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form:after,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form:after,.content-columns:after{clear:both}.border-box,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.nav-list-sublist-header-topics,.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header,.nav,.header-search-input{box-sizing:border-box}.link-teal,.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item a{color:#00b3ac}.link-teal:hover,.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item a:hover{color:#006860}.link-blue,.nav-join-pro{color:#008bc1}.link-blue:hover,.nav-join-pro:hover{color:#005272}.link-blue-l{color:#00b9d8}.link-blue-l:hover{color:#005272}.link-teal-new,.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li a,.related-terms dd .definition-link,.related-terms dt a,.continue-reading li a,#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li a,.inline-reg.login-register a,.share-bar-item-desktop a,.indentfix li a,.default-list li a,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a,p a{color:teal}.link-teal-new:hover,.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li a:hover,.related-terms dd .definition-link:hover,.related-terms dt a:hover,.continue-reading li a:hover,#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li a:hover,.inline-reg.login-register a:hover,.share-bar-item-desktop a:hover,.indentfix li a:hover,.default-list li a:hover,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a:hover,p a:hover{color:#323232}.link-teal-new-on-gray{color:#007a76}.link-teal-new-on-gray:hover{color:#000}.link-blue-new,.nav-links li a,#content-body p a,li[type=disc] a,.noindent li a,table a,table .indentfix li a,table .indentfix li.indentfix a,li.indentfix a,.default-list li a,.main-content .content-columns .content-center #content-body .section>ul.default-list li a,.definition-link{color:#007cad}.link-blue-new:hover,.nav-links li a:hover,#content-body p a:hover,li[type=disc] a:hover,.noindent li a:hover,table a:hover,table .indentfix li a:hover,li.indentfix a:hover,.default-list li a:hover,.main-content .content-columns .content-center #content-body .section>ul.default-list li a:hover,.definition-link:hover{color:#005272}body{font-size:15px;color:#323232;min-width:320px;background:#f2f2f2;position:relative;z-index:320}@media (min-width:640px){body{z-index:640}}@media (min-width:960px){body{z-index:960}}@media (min-width:1280px){body{z-index:1280}}a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:color .2s}p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.53em;color:#666;margin:1.5em 0}@media (min-width:640px){p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}i{font-style:normal}ul{margin:0;padding:0}button{border:0;background:0}.button{font-size:13px;line-height:50px;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-align:center;color:#fff;height:50px;border-radius:3px;transition:background-color .2s}.blue-button{background:#007cad}.blue-button:hover{background:#005272}.teal-button{background:teal}.teal-button:hover{background:#323232}.black-button{background:#323232}.black-button:hover{background:#000}.primaryButton{background-color:teal;padding:10px 30px}.icon{position:relative}.site-container.fixed{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0}.main-content{margin:20px 20px 0;background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2}@media (min-width:960px){.main-content{width:800px;margin:10px auto 0;padding:0 40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-content{width:1120px}}.main-content.ads-by-google{z-index:auto}@media (min-width:960px){.content-left{width:170px;padding-top:50px;position:relative;float:left;clear:left}}@media (min-width:1280px){.content-left{width:200px}}@media (min-width:960px){.locking-full-bar{width:170px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.locking-full-bar{width:200px}}.content-center{position:relative;margin:0 20px}@media (min-width:640px){.content-center{margin:0 40px}}@media (min-width:960px){.content-center{width:590px;margin:0 0 0 40px;float:left}}@media (min-width:1280px){.content-center{width:640px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.content-right{float:left;width:200px;margin-left:40px}}.top-gradient-bar{width:100%;background-size:cover;min-height:10px;margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width:640px){.top-gradient-bar{min-height:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.top-gradient-bar{width:880px;height:29px;margin:0 -40px -29px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.top-gradient-bar{width:1200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:-40px}}.top-gradient-bar{background:#0b7686;background:linear-gradient(to right,#0b7686 0,#0b7686 1%,#3cab9a 40%,#176584 100%)}.definition-link{margin-right:-.2em}.definition-link .icon{font-size:1.5em;top:.15em}.show-more{color:#666;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}.show-more:hover{color:#323232}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#666}:-moz-placeholder{color:#666}::-moz-placeholder{color:#666;opacity:1}:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#666}.indentfix,.default-list,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul{margin:0 0 20px 25px;padding:0}.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:15px;color:#666;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}.indentfix li a.button,.default-list li a.button,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a.button{color:#fff}.indentfix li a.button:hover,.default-list li a.button:hover,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a.button:hover{color:#fff}li.indentfix{font-size:15px;color:#666;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){li.indentfix{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){li.indentfix{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){li.indentfix{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}li.indentfix table{margin-right:30px}.extra-info-inner .indentfix li,.extra-info-inner .default-list li,.extraInfo .indentfix li,.extraInfo .default-list li,.sidebar .indentfix li,.sidebar .default-list li{font-size:13px}table{color:#666}table td{vertical-align:top}table td .nav{padding:0}table .indentfix{margin:0 0 20px 25px;padding:0}table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:15px;color:#666;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}@media (min-width:640px){table{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){table{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){table{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}pre{background-color:#eee;padding:10px;white-space:pre;word-wrap:break-word;overflow:auto;max-height:300px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both}@media (min-width:640px){pre{max-height:600px}}.code-toolbar{clear:both}.content-center img{max-width:600px}.hidden{display:none}.paywall{display:none!important}.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden;z-index:2}img[alt]{font-size:8px;color:#666}.inline-block{display:inline-block}#sp_privacy_manager_container{z-index:9999999999999!important}html.sp-pm-open{margin-top:0!important}#cmp-banner{position:fixed;bottom:0;right:0;z-index:100}@media (min-width:960px){#cmp-banner{bottom:20px}}#cmp-banner:empty{display:none}body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){color:#666}@media (min-width:640px){body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){font-size:17px}}@media (min-width:1280px){body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){font-size:18px}}.alignLeft{float:none}.alignRight{float:none}.color1,.color2{background-color:#666}table .colorback{background-color:#666;color:#fff}table .colorback p{color:#fff}table .colorback td{padding:5px}table .colorSuperLite{background-color:#efefef}u{text-decoration:none!important}.noindent{margin:0 0 20px 25px;padding:0}.noindent li{font-size:15px;color:#666;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.noindent li{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){.noindent li{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){.noindent li{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}li[type=disc]{font-size:15px;color:#666;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){li[type=disc]{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){li[type=disc]{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){li[type=disc]{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}.imagecaption{clear:both;text-align:left}.imagecaption.alignRight{float:right;margin:0 0 30px 40px}.imagecaption.alignLeft{float:left;margin:0 40px 30px 0}.imagecaption img{display:block;margin:5px 0}.content-center .section>div.imagecaption,.imagecaption{font-size:13px;color:#666}i{font-style:italic}i.icon{font-style:normal}.section{padding-top:10px;margin-top:50px}.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:18px;line-height:1.22em;margin-top:21px;margin-bottom:-3px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:24px;line-height:1.08em;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:30px}}@media (min-width:960px){.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:28px;line-height:1.21em}}@media (min-width:1280px){.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:30px}}.section-title .icon,.splash-heading .icon{font-size:35px;color:teal;position:absolute}@media (min-width:640px){.section-title .icon,.splash-heading .icon{font-size:48px}}@media (min-width:960px){.section-title .icon,.splash-heading .icon{font-size:53px}}#site-container .vgn-ext-region,#site-container .vgn-ext-component{min-height:0!important;min-width:0!important;position:static!important;word-wrap:normal!important}.visuallyhidden{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio:3/2),only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5){.replace_2x{font-size:1px}}.header{min-width:320px;width:100%;height:60px;background-color:#00b3ac;position:relative;z-index:100}@media (min-width:960px){.header{height:140px;padding-bottom:10px;background:#fff;z-index:auto}}.header-logo{font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;height:60px;position:absolute;left:60px;right:60px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.header-logo{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo{width:120px;height:89px;margin:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;background:#00b3ac;top:50px;bottom:10px;left:0}}.header-logo.mobile-link{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo.mobile-link{display:none}}.header-logo.desktop-link{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo.desktop-link{display:block;background:#00b3ac}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo.desktop-link:after{content:"";width:1px;position:absolute;left:113px;top:18px;height:50px;border-right:1px solid #42c7c1}}.header-logo.desktop-link img{display:none}.header-logo-mobile{position:relative;top:20px}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo-mobile{display:none}}.header-logo-desktop{width:84px;height:44px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo-desktop{position:relative;top:20px;left:15px;display:block;border-right:1px solid #42c7c1;margin:-3px 0;padding:3px 20px 3px 0}}.header-logo-small{display:none}.header-search-toggle{width:60px;height:60px;border-left:1px solid #6AC4C0;background-color:#00b3ac;position:absolute;top:0;right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle{width:70px;height:90px;border:0;background-color:transparent;top:auto;bottom:10px;z-index:4}}.header-search-toggle.selected{background-color:#015944}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle.selected{background-color:transparent}}.header-search-toggle>.icon{font-size:45px;color:#fff;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle>.icon{color:#00b3ac;position:absolute;right:12px;top:22px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle:hover>.icon{color:#c6c2bf}}@media (min-width:960px){.form-open.header-search-toggle{width:70px!important}}.header-search{z-index:999999;width:100%;position:absolute;top:60px;right:0;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search{top:51px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header-search{display:block}}.header-search span.placeholder{font-size:15px;line-height:50px;color:#666}@media (min-width:640px){.header-search span.placeholder{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search span.placeholder{font-size:24px;line-height:80px!important}}.header-search-input{font-size:15px;line-height:50px;color:#666;width:100%;height:50px;padding:0 20px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #E7E8E9}@media (min-width:640px){.header-search-input{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-input{font-size:24px;height:89px;border-bottom:0}}.header-search-input:focus{color:#323232}.header-search-input::-ms-clear{display:none}.nav-toggle{width:60px;height:60px;border-right:1px solid #6AC4C0;background-color:#00b3ac}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-toggle{display:none}}.nav-toggle.selected{background-color:#015944}.nav-toggle>.icon{font-size:37px;color:#fff;top:1px}.nav{width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;background:#fff;position:absolute;top:60px;left:0;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.nav{padding:50px 0 0 120px;border-bottom:0;position:static;display:block}}.nav-join-pro{font-size:11px;line-height:50px;height:50px;padding-left:20px;display:block}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-join-pro{font-size:12px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-join-pro{display:none}}.nav-join-pro span{display:inline-block;width:120px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:normal}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-join-pro span{width:63%}}.nav-links{z-index:1;font-size:11px;margin:5px 0 0;padding:10px 20px;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-links{height:50px;margin:0;padding:0 20px;position:absolute;top:0;left:15px;padding-left:0;border-top:0;background-color:#fff;z-index:10}}.nav-links ul{clear:both;overflow:hidden}.nav-links li{float:left;line-height:30px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-links li{line-height:50px;padding:0}}.nav-links li:last-child a{border:0}.nav-links li:nth-child(3){float:left}.nav-links li a{border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3;text-transform:uppercase;padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px}.nav-user{font-size:11px;line-height:50px;height:50px;position:absolute;right:20px;top:0;z-index:1}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user{font-size:12px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-user{right:206px}}.nav-user-name{color:#666;padding:0 10px 0 0;border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user-name{padding-right:15px}}.nav-user-action{text-transform:uppercase;color:teal;padding-left:8px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user-action{padding-left:13px}}.nav-user-action:hover{color:#323232}.nav-user-action.cookies{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-left:10px;margin-left:8px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user-action.cookies{padding-left:15px;margin-left:13px}}.nav-list{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3}.nav-list-item{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item{width:175px;height:89px;border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3;position:relative;z-index:9}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item{width:200px}}.nav-list-item.selected{background-color:#f2f2f3}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item.selected{background-color:transparent}}.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-sublist-header{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e8e9}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-sublist-header{border:0}}.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-header>.icon-arrow-down:before,.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-sublist-header>.icon-arrow-down:before{content:"3"}.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}.nav-list-item-border{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;z-index:999998}.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header{font-size:13px;line-height:50px;color:teal;height:50px;margin:0 20px;position:relative;cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header{font-size:14px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header{margin:0}}.nav-list-item-header .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .icon{color:#4e4e4e;position:absolute;top:18px;right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .icon{font-size:20px;top:33px;right:20px;transition:color .2s}}.nav-list-item-header .view-all,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all{font-size:9px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#666;padding-right:27px;position:absolute;top:16px;right:5px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header .view-all,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all{top:17px}}.nav-list-item-header .view-all .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all .icon{font-size:20px;color:#666;top:0}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header .view-all .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all .icon{right:0}}.nav-list-item-header .view-all:hover,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all:hover{color:#323232}.nav-list-item-header .view-all:hover .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all:hover .icon{color:#323232}.nav-list-item-header{line-height:16px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header{height:89px;margin:0}}.nav-list-item-header .icon-navigation-detail,.nav-list-item-header .icon-navigation-arrow{display:none}.nav-list-item-header:hover .icon{color:#00b3ac}.nav-list-item-header-type{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#323232;position:absolute;top:10px;left:14px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header-type{display:block}}.nav-list-item-header-title{height:50px;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header-title{width:110px;height:89px;padding:0 50px 0 15px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-header-title{width:135px}}.nav-list-item-dropdown{max-height:135px;overflow:auto;display:none;box-shadow:inset 0 -10px 5px -5px #c6c2bf}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-dropdown{max-height:none;padding:20px;border:1px solid #e3e3e3;border-top:0;background-color:#fff;position:absolute;top:89px;left:0;overflow:visible;box-shadow:none}}.nav-list-item-jscroll{overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-jscroll{overflow:auto}}.nav-list-parent-topics{display:none;cursor:pointer}.nav-list-sublist-header.nav-list-sublist-header-gray{font-size:13px;color:#666}.nav-list-sublist{padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid #fff}.nav-list-sublist-item,.nav-list-sublist-link{font-size:11px;color:#666;padding:9px 20px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-list-sublist-item,.nav-list-sublist-link{font-size:13px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-sublist-item,.nav-list-sublist-link{padding:9px 0}}.nav-list-sublist-item:hover,.nav-list-sublist-link:hover{color:#000}.nav-list-sublist-item.sponsored,.nav-list-sublist-link.sponsored{color:#007cad}.nav-list-sublist-item.sponsored:hover,.nav-list-sublist-link.sponsored:hover{color:#005272}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites,.nav-list-item-all-sites{width:240px}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header{font-size:14px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header{font-size:17px;line-height:22px;color:#fff;font-weight:700;background-color:#00b3ac}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header a,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header a{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .icon,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header .icon{color:#fff;top:34px;right:10px}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover{color:#00b3ac}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header-title,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header-title{width:190px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-dropdown,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-dropdown{left:-120px;width:318px;padding:20px;margin:0}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover{color:#323232}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchdatacenteres .icon-arrow-down{display:none}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-child-sites:first-child{display:none}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-parent-sites{display:block}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-child-sites{display:none}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-parent-sites{cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-topics{position:absolute;left:360px;top:51px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:311px;padding:20px;left:-1px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:361px}}.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown.infotype .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-child-topics:first-child{display:none}.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown.infotype .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-parent-topics{display:block}.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-child-topics{position:relative}.nav-list-sublist-header-topics{cursor:auto;line-height:20px;width:100%;height:50px;padding:0 90px 0 20px;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-sublist-header-topics{padding-left:0}}.nav-list-child-topics{display:none}.nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-child-topics:first-child{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-sections{position:absolute;left:536px;top:51px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-sections{left:561px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:311px;padding:20px;margin:0;left:-177px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:361px;left:-202px}}.desktop-fixed-search{display:none}.nav-social{text-align:center;height:60px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-social{height:50px;padding-left:15px;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;position:absolute;top:0;right:12px}}.nav-social-item{margin:0 1px;display:inline-block}.nav-social-item a{color:#666}.nav-social-item a:hover{color:#00b3ac}.nav-social-item .icon{font-size:35px;line-height:60px;top:2px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-social-item .icon{line-height:50px}}.header_v2 .nav-links{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2 .nav-links{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links{padding-right:10px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child{border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3;margin-right:10px;padding-right:10px}}@media (min-width:960px) and (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child{margin-right:15px;padding-right:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child a{border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child a{border:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:last-child a{padding-right:0;margin-right:0}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content{display:none;margin-right:10px;padding-right:10px;border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content{margin-right:15px;padding-right:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content{display:block}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .icon-arrow-down{right:-2px;display:inline-block;min-width:11px}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #e3e3e3;border-top:0;display:none;margin-left:-6px;margin-top:0;position:absolute;width:118px;padding-top:0}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{margin-left:-11px;width:125px}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0 5px 10px}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{border-right:0;color:#008bc1;cursor:pointer;height:auto;line-height:15px;margin-right:0;padding:0;width:108px;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:5px;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{width:117px}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li:hover{background-color:#007cad}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li:hover a{color:#fff}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{text-transform:none;padding:5px;display:block}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content.hovered .more-content-dropdown{display:block}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content a{border:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user{right:153px;padding-right:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-user a:first-child .nav-user-action,.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{border-right:0;padding-right:7px;margin-right:-5px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user a:first-child .nav-user-action,.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{padding-right:5px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-user a:first-child .nav-user-action,.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{padding-right:10px}}.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{color:teal;border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3}.header_v2 .nav-user .register{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-left:10px;margin-left:5px;color:#fff;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register{padding-left:7px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register{padding-left:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-user .register:hover span{background-color:#323232}.header_v2 .nav-user .register span{padding:5px 13px;margin:0;border:0;background-color:teal;color:#fff;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register span{padding:5px 10px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register span{padding:5px 13px}}.header_v2 .nav-social{right:10px}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item{margin:0;min-width:28px}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon{font-size:28px;color:#00b3ac;transition:color .2s}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon:hover{color:#006860}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon.x_logo{font-size:15px;top:-4px;left:-2px}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item.title{font-size:12px;color:#666;margin-right:5px}.header_v2 .nav-list-item.hovered .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-searchsites{width:189px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-searchsites{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics{left:309px;width:200px;border-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header{padding:10px 0 0 20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header .icon{top:10px;right:115px;font-size:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-type{position:static}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{padding:0 20px 0 0;display:block;height:49px;width:auto;overflow:hidden;border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:280px;padding:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections{left:535px;width:200px;border-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header{padding:10px 0 0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .icon{top:10px;right:105px;font-size:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-type{position:static}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{padding:0 20px 0 0;display:block;height:49px;width:165px;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{width:auto}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-dropdown{left:-27px;width:280px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-header-type{color:#666}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown{padding:0}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{font-size:14px;margin:0 10px 10px;padding:5px 10px;transition:color .2s;transition:background-color .2s}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li:hover{color:#fff;background-color:teal}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{word-wrap:break-word;display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist{padding:0}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist li{font-size:14px;margin:0 10px 10px;padding:5px 10px;transition:color .2s;transition:background-color .2s}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist li:hover{color:#fff;background-color:teal}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist li a{word-wrap:break-word;display:block}}.header_v2 .nav-list-sublist-item.view-all{color:teal}.header_v2 .header-search{top:60px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search{display:block!important;right:57px;top:73px;max-width:450px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .header-search{width:555px;top:71px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search .header-search-toggle{display:none}}.header_v2 .header-search-input{font-size:13px;height:45px;background-color:#fff;color:#666;border-bottom:1px solid #c6c2bf;line-height:normal}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2 .header-search-input{font-size:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-input{border:2px solid #f2f2f2;padding:0 14px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .header-search-input{padding:0 20px;font-size:17px}}.header_v2 .header-search-input:focus{color:#323232;outline:0}.header_v2 .header-search-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#666}.header_v2 .header-search-input:-moz-placeholder{color:#666}.header_v2 .header-search-input::-moz-placeholder{color:#666}.header_v2 .header-search-input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#666}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-toggle{display:none}}.header_v2 .header-search-submit{width:60px;height:60px;border-left:1px solid #6AC4C0;background-color:#00b3ac;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;display:none;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit{width:45px;height:45px;border:0;z-index:4;right:-45px;display:block}}.header_v2 .header-search-submit:focus{outline:0}.header_v2 .header-search-submit.selected{background-color:#015944}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit.selected{background-color:transparent}}.header_v2 .header-search-submit>.icon{font-size:45px;color:#fff;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit>.icon{position:absolute;top:0;right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit:hover{background-color:#006860}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2.fr .nav-user{right:231px}}.header_v2.fr .nav-user-action.cookies{padding-left:12px;margin-left:5px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search{max-width:450px}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item.hovered .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-dropdown,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-dropdown{padding:20px}.header_logged_in_icon{font-size:14px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_logged_in_icon{top:2px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-jscroll{max-height:500px}}.header_v2 .nav-social,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-social{font-size:0;z-index:11;background-color:#fff}.header_v2 .nav-rss,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-rss{border-right:0!important}.header_v2 .nav-user,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-user{background-color:#fff;padding-left:10px;z-index:999999!important}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links{height:50px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links>ul,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links>ul{height:50px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites.hovered .icon-arrow-down:before,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-all-sites.hovered .icon-arrow-down:before{content:"3"}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover{color:#fff}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll{height:270px;max-height:270px}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon.x_logo{font-size:15px;top:-4px;left:-2px}.header.header_v2,.header.header_v2-keep-nav,.header{position:static;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100}@media (min-width:960px){.header.header_v2,.header.header_v2-keep-nav,.header{top:-50px}}.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{}@media (min-width:960px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:60px}}@media (min-width:1000px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:100px}}@media (min-width:1050px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:150px}}@media (min-width:1100px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:200px}}@media (min-width:1150px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:250px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:300px}}@media (min-width:1250px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:350px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:555px}}.header-leaderboard{height:70px;width:100%}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard{height:110px}}.header-leaderboard #leaderboard{height:90px;width:728px;left:0;right:0}@media (min-width:960px){#microsite .header.header_v2,#microsite .header.header_v2-keep-nav,#microsite .header{top:0}}#microsite .header-leaderboard,#microsite .cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile,#microsite .cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:none}#micrositePromo .header-leaderboard,#micrositePromo .cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile,#micrositePromo .cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop,#article .header-leaderboard,#article .cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile,#article .cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:none}.header_v2.es .nav-user{position:relative;right:-12px}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2.es .nav-user{position:absolute;right:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2.es .nav-user{right:135px}}.header_v2.es a.nav-join-pro{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2.es a.nav-join-pro{border:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2.es .nav-list-item-header.searchdatacenteres .nav-list-item-header-title{padding-left:10px}}.header_v3{height:50px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3{height:140px;background:#fff;padding-bottom:0;top:-30px}}.header_v3 .header-logo{height:50px;left:50%;transform:translate(-50.1%,0);right:auto;width:calc(100% - 100px);display:flex;align-content:center;justify-content:center;align-items:center;text-align:left}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo{left:0;transform:none;right:60px;width:120px;height:109px;top:30px;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box}}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile{display:block;text-align:left;font-size:13px;border-left:1px solid #cef0ee;position:static;top:0;margin-left:15px;padding-left:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile{display:none}}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile span{display:block;font-size:15px}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-search,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-1{font-weight:400;color:#fff;font-size:12px}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-2,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-3,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-4{display:inline-block;margin-right:3px}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile.searchvmware .logo-1{font-weight:700}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile.searchvmware .logo-2,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile.searchvmware .logo-3{display:inline-block}.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo{height:30px;width:55px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo{position:relative;top:auto;width:84px;height:44px}}.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo .cls-5,.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo path{fill:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo:after{content:"";width:0;position:absolute;left:115px;top:30px;height:50px;border-right:1px solid #cef0ee}}.header_v3 .nav-toggle,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle{border:0;height:50px;width:50px;padding:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-toggle,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav-toggle.selected,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle.selected{background-color:#00b3ac}.header_v3 .nav-toggle.selected .icon,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle.selected .icon{color:#fff}.header_v3 .nav-toggle .icon,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle .icon{color:teal;font-size:34px}.header_v3 .header-search-toggle .icon{font-size:37px;top:2px}.header_v3 .nav,.header_v3 .header-search{top:50px}.header_v3 .nav:before,.header_v3 .header-search:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:-9px;left:15px;border-left:10px solid transparent;border-right:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid #fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav:before,.header_v3 .header-search:before{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav input:focus,.header_v3 .header-search input:focus{outline:0}.header_v3 .nav{height:calc(100% - 120px);position:fixed;top:120px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav{height:140px;padding-top:30px;background-color:#f2f2f2;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-left:120px;overflow:visible;top:50px;position:static}}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links{border:0;margin:0}}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-direction:column;height:calc(100% - 60px);overflow:scroll}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-top{height:100%;overflow-y:scroll;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-top .nav-list-item-dropdown{max-height:none}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-top .nav-list-item-topics{border:0}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-mid{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-mid .nav-links>a{height:auto}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper-bot{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;align-items:center}.header_v3 .nav.add-height{height:calc(100% - 50px);top:50px}.header_v3 .header-search:before{left:auto;right:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search{top:0;height:30px;width:205px;right:125px;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block}}.header_v3 .header-search-input{color:#666;font-size:13px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search-input{height:30px;font-size:11px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:35px}}.header_v3 .header-search-submit{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search-submit{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:2px}}.header_v3 .header-search-submit .icon{transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search-submit .icon{font-size:24px;color:#00b3ac}}.header_v3 .header-search-submit .icon:hover{color:#006860}.header_v3 .nav-links{background-color:#f2f2f2;margin:0;font-size:12px;padding:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links{height:30px;font-size:11px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links ul{overflow:visible}}.header_v3 .nav-links li{float:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li{line-height:30px;float:left}}.header_v3 .nav-links li a{text-transform:none;color:#666;border:0}.header_v3 .nav-links li a:hover{color:#323232}.header_v3 .nav-links li:first-child a{padding-right:20px;margin-right:20px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li:first-child a{border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content{position:relative}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content:hover .more-content-dropdown{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content:hover a,.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content:hover a .icon-arrow-down{color:#005272}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{display:none;position:absolute;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);width:130px;left:-5px;padding-bottom:15px}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0;border:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{padding:0;margin:5px;float:none;line-height:normal;white-space:normal}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{color:#666;display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{color:#007cad;padding:5px;box-sizing:border-box}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a:hover{background-color:#007cad;color:#fff}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .icon-arrow-down{position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;color:#a6a6a6;transition:color .2s}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content>a{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content>a{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-links>a{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;font-size:13px;color:#0075A3;position:relative;padding:15px 20px;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links>a{display:none;padding:0}}.header_v3 .nav-links>a.selected:after{content:"-";right:23px}.header_v3 .nav-links>a:after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:20px;font-size:22px;line-height:18px;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links>a:after{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav-links>ul{display:none}.header_v3 .nav-links>ul.mobile-show{display:block;padding:0 20px 15px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links>ul{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-user{position:static;padding-left:20px;float:left;font-size:13px;line-height:30px;height:auto}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user{position:absolute;padding-left:0;float:none;right:20px;height:30px;line-height:30px;font-size:11px;color:#666;top:0;bottom:auto;left:auto}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a:last-child .nav-user-action{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-left:10px;margin-left:5px}}.header_v3 .nav-user a.register{padding-left:7px;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;margin-left:5px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a.register{padding-left:10px;margin-left:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a.register:hover .nav-user-action{color:#323232}}.header_v3 .nav-user a.register .nav-user-action{background:teal;padding:6px 10px;color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a.register .nav-user-action{background:#f2f2f2;color:#666;padding:0;margin:0;border:0}}.header_v3 .nav-user .header_logged_in_icon{margin-right:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user .header_logged_in_icon{border-right:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-right:10px;margin-right:5px}}.header_v3 .nav-user-action{text-transform:none;color:#666;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user-action{padding-left:8px}}.header_v3 .nav-user-action:hover{color:#323232}.header_v3 .nav-social{height:auto;float:right;padding-right:15px;background-color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-social{height:30px;top:35px;right:14px;border:0;z-index:9;padding-right:0;float:none}}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item{margin:0 3px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item.title{font-size:11px;color:#666;position:relative;top:-5px;margin:0}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon{font-size:26px;line-height:30px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon.x_logo{font-size:15px;top:-3px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .youtube_icon{font-size:15px;top:-2px;left:1px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .tiktok_icon{font-size:15px;top:-3px;left:9px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item:nth-child(3) .icon{left:-2px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item:last-child .icon{left:5px}.header_v3 .nav-list{border:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list{background-color:#fff;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;box-sizing:border-box;height:100%}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item{height:100%}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites{display:block;width:auto;float:left;margin-right:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header{height:100%;font-size:17px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{padding-right:20px;padding-left:15px;width:auto;height:108px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-search,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:-4px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-2,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-3{display:block;line-height:22px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchvmware .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1{font-weight:700}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchvmware .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchvmware .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-2{display:inline-block}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics{position:relative;left:auto;top:auto;width:auto;border:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:table;padding-top:45px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul{padding:0;display:table;display:flex;flex-direction:row;max-width:790px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul{max-width:1000px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{font-size:13px;font-weight:700}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{height:50px;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;font-size:15px;padding:5px 20px 0;max-width:200px;box-sizing:border-box;padding-top:5px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{min-width:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li:first-child{border:0;padding-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li:last-child{width:150px;flex-shrink:0}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.active a{color:teal}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more{position:relative;font-weight:400;padding-top:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more{font-weight:700;padding-top:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more:hover .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more:hover>a,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more:hover>a .icon-arrow-down{color:teal}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a{padding-top:9px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a{padding-top:0}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a:hover{color:#666}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a:hover{color:teal}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a .icon{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a .icon{display:inline}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown{box-shadow:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:130px;top:30px;padding:0 0 15px;left:10px;border:0;box-shadow:0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2)}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0;border:0}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{padding:9px 0;margin:0;font-size:13px;font-weight:700}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{margin:5px;padding:0;font-size:13px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{transition:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{padding:5px;box-sizing:border-box}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a:hover{background-color:teal;color:#fff}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown.mobile-show{display:block}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown.mobile-show+a:after{content:"-";right:23px}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown+a:after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:20px;font-size:22px;line-height:18px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown+a:after{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li a{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li a:hover,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li a:hover .icon-arrow-down{color:teal}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li .icon-arrow-down{position:relative;left:2px;top:2px;color:#a6a6a6;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links{left:0;background-color:#fff;top:3px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li:first-child a{padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px;border:0}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li:hover a{color:#005272}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a{color:#666}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a{color:#007cad}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a:hover{color:#005272}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links>ul{white-space:nowrap}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links>ul>li{display:inline-block;float:none}}@media (min-width:960px){#microsite .header_v3,#article .header_v3{height:140px!important}}#microsite .header_v3 .nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title span,#article .header_v3 .nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title span{font-weight:700!important}#microsite .header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links,#article .header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){#microsite .header_v3 .header-logo,#article .header_v3 .header-logo{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3}}.no-scroll{touch-action:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:none;overflow:hidden;overscroll-behavior:none}body:not(#microsite,#article) header#page-header{margin-top:36px}techtarget-informa-banner{margin-bottom:-36px}.ad{margin:0 auto}.ad-ist{display:none}.ad-lb{width:728px;height:90px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-lb{display:block}}.ad-mb{width:300px;height:50px}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-mb{display:none}}.ad-mbt{width:300px;height:90px;display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-mbt{display:block}}.ad-hp{width:300px;min-height:250px;display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-hp{display:block}}.ad-mu{width:300px;height:250px}.ad-pr{width:800px;height:45px;display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-pr{display:block}}.header-leaderboard .ad{padding:10px 0}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard .ad{padding:15px 0}}.header-leaderboard.ad-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard.ad-desktop{display:block;background-color:#f2f2f2}}.header-leaderboard.ad-mobile{background-color:#323232}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard.ad-mobile{display:none;background-color:#323232}}.page-header-ad{position:absolute;right:0;z-index:1;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop-w{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop-duo{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop-duo .ad-mu{display:none}}.ad-inline{margin:0 -30px}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-inline{margin:0}}.ad-inline .ad{padding:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-inline.ad-mobile-x{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-inline.ad-mobile{display:none}}.ad-inline.ad-tablets{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-inline.ad-tablets{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-inline.ad-tablets{display:none}}.ad-inline.ad-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-inline.ad-desktop{display:block}}.ad-inline.ad-desktop-w{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-inline.ad-desktop-w{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-inline.ad-x-desktop-w{display:none}}.ad-embedded{margin:0 -30px;padding:10px 0;background-color:#f2f2f2}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-embedded{border-left:20px solid #fff;float:right;padding:0;margin:0 0 20px 20px}}.ad-embedded.no-float{background:0;float:none;margin:0}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-embedded .ad-mu{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-embedded .ad-hp{display:block}}#content-right .ad-embedded{float:none;border:0;margin:20px 0 40px}.no-float .ad{margin:1.5em auto}.float-mask{display:none;float:right;width:312px;background:#fff}@media (min-width:1280px){.float-mask{width:100px;margin-bottom:40px}}.nav-pro-callout,.body-pro-callout{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-pro-callout,.body-pro-callout{display:block}}.nav-pro-callout{position:absolute;top:0;left:20px;height:50px}.body-pro-callout{width:1200px;padding-top:60px;margin:0 auto;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;background:#fff}#home .body-pro-callout{margin-top:-40px;padding-top:0}.body-pro-callout-inner{margin:0 40px;padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3}#magNav .body-pro-callout,#ezineDetail .body-pro-callout,#ezineDetailLogin .body-pro-callout,#ebookChapter .body-pro-callout,#ebookChapterLogin .body-pro-callout,#ebookDetail .body-pro-callout,#ebookDetailLogin .body-pro-callout,#eproductsNav .body-pro-callout{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:40px;padding-top:0}#magNav .body-pro-callout-inner,#ezineDetail .body-pro-callout-inner,#ezineDetailLogin .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookChapter .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookChapterLogin .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookDetail .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookDetailLogin .body-pro-callout-inner,#eproductsNav .body-pro-callout-inner{border:0}.cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile{background-color:#323232;width:100%;height:70px}@media (min-width:960px){.cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile{display:none}}.cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:block;background:transparent;width:100%;height:110px}}.ad-wrapper .ad>div{position:relative}.ad-wrapper .ad>div:before,#interstitial.ad>div>div:before{content:"ADVERTISEMENT";font-size:8px;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:calc(50% - 34px);text-transform:uppercase;color:#666}#interstitial.ad>div>div:before{top:5px;color:#fff;background-color:#000}.ad-wrapper.header-leaderboard .ad>div:before{color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-wrapper.header-leaderboard .ad>div:before{color:#666}}.actions-bar{padding-bottom:18px;position:absolute;top:31px;left:-40px;z-index:10;list-style:none}@media (min-width:640px){.actions-bar{left:-60px}}@media (min-width:960px){.actions-bar{display:none}}.actions-bar li:last-child:after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;content:"";border-right:20px solid #ccc;border-bottom:18px solid transparent}.actions-bar .actions-bar-share,.actions-bar .actions-bar-chapters,.actions-bar .actions-bar-resources{display:none}.locking-left-bar .share-bar-desktop,.actions-bar .share-bar-desktop,.ezine-article .share-bar-desktop,.pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{display:none;float:none;margin-right:0;width:30px;margin-left:0}@media (min-width:640px){.locking-left-bar .share-bar-desktop,.actions-bar .share-bar-desktop,.ezine-article .share-bar-desktop,.pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{width:40px}}@media (min-width:960px){.locking-left-bar .share-bar-desktop,.actions-bar .share-bar-desktop,.ezine-article .share-bar-desktop,.pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{margin-left:-65px;display:block;background:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:50px}}.resources-bar-header{padding:25px 20px 15px 0}.related-bar-header{padding:25px 20px 15px 0}.resources-bar-item,.related-bar-item{padding:15px 0;list-style:none;font-size:12px}.resources-bar-item span,.related-bar-item span{display:block;color:#666;font-weight:400}.resources-bar-item.see-more a,.related-bar-item.see-more a{color:#666;font-size:14px;text-align:center;display:block}.locking-left-bar{position:relative}.share-bar-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.share-bar-desktop{width:170px;text-align:center;padding:25px 0 15px;list-style:none;white-space:nowrap;display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.share-bar-desktop{width:200px}}.share-bar-item-desktop{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.share-bar-item-desktop a{font-size:25px}.share-bar-item-desktop .count{display:block;font-size:9px;color:#666;text-align:center}.share-bar-item-desktop.share-bar-title{display:none}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{display:block}}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content{padding:20px;background-color:#f2f2f2}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2{display:block;margin:0;color:teal;font-size:24px;line-height:1em;margin-bottom:10px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p{margin:0;color:#323232;font-size:15px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content p.sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p.sign-up-fine-print{font-size:10px;line-height:1.5em;color:#666}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content p.safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p.safeHarbor{margin-top:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content a,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content a{text-decoration:underline}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-header{position:relative}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form{position:relative;margin:25px 0 20px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .placeholder,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .placeholder{font-size:24px;color:#666;top:12px!important}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{float:left;padding:0 0 0 15px;margin:0;padding:12px 0 13px 10px;width:64%;color:#666;border:1px solid #bbb;font-size:13px;border-radius:4px 0 0 4px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{height:60px;padding:0;padding-left:16px;font-size:24px;width:75%}}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;padding:12px 0 13px;margin:0 0 0 -1%;width:36%;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:#fff;background:teal;border:1px solid teal;font-size:13px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;transition:background-color .2s}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn:hover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn:hover{background-color:#323232;border-color:#323232}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{height:50px;padding:0;font-size:18px;width:25%;letter-spacing:normal}}#content-body #inlineRegistration .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print a{color:#666}#inlineRegistrationWrapper{margin-bottom:40px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content{background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:20px 25px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{clear:both;overflow:hidden}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline{color:#323232;margin-bottom:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header p{color:#666}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header p span{color:#323232}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header img{width:100%;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header img{float:right;width:250px;margin-left:40px;margin-bottom:0;max-height:175px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form{clear:both}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form ul{list-style-type:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li{margin-top:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li label{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:5px;float:none;width:100%;display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li label{font-size:18px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li select{float:none;width:100%;height:50px;border-radius:4px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]{background:#b20000;border-radius:4px;width:auto;margin-left:0;position:static;padding:10px 20px;font-size:11px;border:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]{font-size:24px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]:hover{background-color:#7a0000}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{padding:10px 0;margin:40px 0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .wrapper-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .wrapper-curl{display:none}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{min-height:210px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow{font-size:12px;color:#b20000;margin-bottom:10px;text-transform:uppercase;display:block}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img{display:block}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover{box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.631373) 5px 4px 12px -2px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover{width:200px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover-curl{position:absolute;right:0;width:64px;height:43px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li{margin:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 label{line-height:22px;font-size:15px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{border-color:#adadad;height:60px;max-width:355px}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{width:355px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{max-width:355px;height:60px;font-size:16px;white-space:normal}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-bottom:40px;font-size:22px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-left:195px;width:355px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 select,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 textarea,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 textarea{float:none}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .optInCheckboxes .checkboxList li input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .optInCheckboxes .checkboxList li input{height:auto;width:auto;float:left}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .error p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .error p{margin-left:195px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print{font-size:10px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .error p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .error p{color:#b20000;font-size:12px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step{padding:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .wrapper-curl,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .wrapper-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .wrapper-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .wrapper-curl{position:absolute;right:0;display:block;top:0;z-index:3}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .ctd-wrapper,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .ctd-wrapper,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .ctd-wrapper,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .ctd-wrapper{background:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 40%,#fff 70%);min-height:260px;padding:40px 20px 20px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content{background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{overflow:visible}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover{display:none}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:10px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow{background-color:teal;padding:20px;margin-top:-40px;margin-left:-10px;z-index:1;font-size:14px;color:#fff;text-transform:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow{font-size:16px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p{margin-right:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button{display:block;width:100%;background-color:#b20000;width:100%;margin-top:20px;font-size:14px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button{font-size:22px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover{background-color:#7a0000}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1{display:none;background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor{display:none}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header{min-height:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in{min-height:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1{display:block;background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor{display:block}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content #expand-ctd,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content #expand-ctd{display:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{margin-bottom:1.5em}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{margin-top:10px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline{font-size:20px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline{font-size:26px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline{font-size:30px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h3{font-size:14px;margin-top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h3{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h3{display:none}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .meterContainer{margin-bottom:10px;padding:20px 20px 0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .meterContainer .meter{height:24px;width:100%;line-height:24px;border:1px solid #e3e3e3;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .meterContainer .meter .green{height:24px;font-size:12px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form ul{list-style:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form ul li{clear:both;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea{width:100%;padding:0 0 0 10px;margin-bottom:0;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px;color:#666;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea{font-size:21px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea{float:left;width:345px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input.error,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select.error,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea.error{border:1px solid #b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{margin-bottom:10px;color:#323232;display:block;text-align:left}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{margin-top:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{float:left;width:175px;text-align:right;margin-right:20px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{padding:0 20px;transition:background-color .2s;font-size:12px;color:#fff;background:#b20000;height:50px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]:hover{background-color:#7a0000}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{width:auto;padding:0 25px;margin-top:10px;font-size:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{font-size:24px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{margin-left:195px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in input[type=submit]{margin-left:0}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=radio]{width:auto;height:auto;float:left;margin:0 10px 0 0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products{padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products{margin-left:195px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label{font-size:13px;color:#666;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:25px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label{margin-right:0;text-align:left;margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label{float:none;width:auto;text-align:left;margin-right:0}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products input[type=radio]{width:auto;height:auto;float:left;margin:0 10px 0 0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products input[type=radio]{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products input[type=radio]{width:auto}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled label{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled label{display:block}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled input{background-color:#f2f2f2;border:0;font-size:13px;color:#323232;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled input{font-size:20px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList{border:0;padding:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList li input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList li input{float:left;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:0;width:auto;height:auto;padding:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList li label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList li label{font-size:13px;margin-left:20px;margin-top:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p{color:#b20000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:right}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p span{color:#666}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p a{color:#b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p a:hover{color:#7a0000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error.submit-error p{font-size:13px;text-align:center;margin-top:15px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error.submit-error p{float:left;margin-left:15px;margin-top:25px;text-align:left}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error label{color:#b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error textarea{border:1px solid #b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error p{color:#b20000;font-size:12px}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error p{margin-left:195px;clear:both}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error.optInCheckboxes .signupErrors{margin-top:-10px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error.optInCheckboxes label{color:#323232}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .default-list{margin-left:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form #inlineRegProcessing{text-align:left;margin:25px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form #inlineRegProcessing{margin:25px 100px 0;float:left}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing{height:18px;color:#666;font-size:14px;display:block;vertical-align:middle}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{height:16px;width:16px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:15px 10px 15px -65px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{margin:0 10px 20px -65px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{margin-top:-5px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{margin-top:0}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form p.declarationOfConsent{clear:both;padding-bottom:15px}.content-continues{text-align:center;color:#666;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;display:block}.inline-reg.login-register{position:relative;padding:6px;padding-left:12px;text-align:right;font-size:14px}.inline-reg fieldset{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.inline-reg ul li{list-style-type:none;line-height:normal}.inline-reg form li{margin-bottom:0}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{width:100%;border-radius:4px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{width:75%;font-size:24px;height:60px}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield#inlineRegistration_Address-2{margin-bottom:19px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield{display:block;font-size:13px;padding:17px 0 13px 13px;border:1px solid #bbb;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px;color:#666;line-height:1.1em;border-radius:4px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield{width:75%;font-size:24px;height:60px}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield.no-value{color:#666}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield option{color:#323232}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper{clear:both;color:#666;font-size:21px;font-weight:200;margin-bottom:19px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper label{position:relative;top:-6px;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;width:80%}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper label{font-size:21px;width:90%}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper .sign-up-checkboxfield{float:left;height:26px;width:26px;color:#666;background:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #e3e3e3;margin-bottom:19px;margin-right:10px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{position:relative;border-radius:4px;margin:30px 0 10px;width:100%;clear:both;display:block}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{width:36%}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield.error,.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield.error{border:1px solid #ea0000;margin-bottom:3px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-content p.sign-up-error-msg{margin:5px 0;display:block;color:#ea0000;font-size:11px;top:35px;left:30px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-content p.sign-up-error-msg{font-size:12px}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-content p.sign-up-error-msg.hidden{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-header a{display:block;position:relative;top:auto;margin:10px 0 0}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper.page2 .sign-up-form #inlineregEmail input{background-color:#ddd;border:0;color:#323232;padding-left:0}.inline-reg .checkboxList{margin-left:0;text-align:left}.inline-reg .checkboxList li input{float:none;margin:3px 7px 0 0;width:auto;vertical-align:top}.inline-reg .checkboxList li label{display:inline-block;text-align:left;float:none;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;font-weight:400;margin-top:3px;width:220px}.inline-reg #signupErrors{clear:both;margin:20px 0}.inline-reg ul{margin:0}.inline-reg .signupErrors{clear:both;margin:0 0 20px}.inline-reg .signupErrors.hidden{display:none}.inline-reg .error input[type=text]:focus,.inline-reg .error input[type=password]:focus,.inline-reg .error select:focus,.inline-reg .error textarea:focus{outline:0}.inline-reg .processing{height:18px;color:#666;font-size:14px;display:block;vertical-align:middle}.inline-reg .processing .animatedIcon{height:16px;width:16px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:10px}.inline-reg .meterContainer{margin-bottom:30px}.inline-reg .meter,.inline-reg .meterDescription{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:20px;line-height:20px}.inline-reg .meter{color:#fff;clear:both;text-align:center;position:relative;margin:0;background-color:#fafafa;box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 2px #d0d0d0;border-radius:3px;width:230px;height:18px;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;margin-top:5px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg .meter{width:350px;height:24px;line-height:24px;margin-top:20px}}.inline-reg .meter #percentage{line-height:18px;font-size:12px;height:18px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg .meter #percentage{line-height:24px;height:24px}}.inline-reg .meter .green{width:0;height:17px;border-radius:3px;position:absolute;display:block;overflow:hidden;text-shadow:0 1px 1px #555;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,0 0,44 44,color-stop(0,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.25,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.26,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(0.5,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(0.51,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.75,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.76,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(1,rgba(255,255,255,0))),-webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(1,rgba(255,255,255,.35)));background:-moz-repeating-linear-gradient(top left -30deg,rgba(255,255,255,.17),rgba(255,255,255,.17) 15px,rgba(255,255,255,0) 15px,rgba(255,255,255,0) 30px),-moz-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.25) 0,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);-webkit-background-size:40px 40px;-moz-background-size:40px 40px;background-color:teal;border-bottom:1px solid #007a76}.inline-reg .meterDescription{font-size:16px;margin-right:6px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:18px}.inline-reg .green{height:18px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg .green{height:24px}}.inline-reg .optInCheckboxes{clear:both;margin:10px 0}.inline-reg .optInCheckboxes input{float:left;margin-top:2px}.inline-reg .optInCheckboxes label{display:block;margin-left:20px;font-size:13px;color:#666}.eoc_v2 #content-right .rightrail-wrapper{display:none}.eoc_v2.leadIn #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{display:none}.eoc_v2.leadIn #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded.sidebarAdLeadIn{display:block}.eoc_v2.frontEndMetering #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{display:none}.eoc_v2.frontEndMetering #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded.sidebarAdMetering{display:block}.ezine-article #mu-2-rightrail{display:none}.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #halfpage,.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #mu-2,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #halfpage,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #mu-2{display:none}.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #mu-2-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #mu-2-rightrail{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #mu-2-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #mu-2-rightrail{display:block}}.ezine-article.frontEndMetering #mu-2-rightrail{display:block}.pillar-bridge .ad-bridge-mobile,.pillar-bridge .ad-bridge-desktop{display:none}.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-mobile{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-mobile{display:none}}.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-desktop{display:block}}#postreg-splash,.right-rail-overlay-wrapper,.pillar-offer-modal,.collection-offer-modal{display:none}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg.sc-smartforms-techtarget .sign-up-content{padding:0}sf-tt-doi-stop-message{margin-bottom:40px;clear:both}#sdef{}#sdef .main-content .content-left{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-left{display:block;width:0;padding-top:0;clear:left}#sdef .main-content .content-left .share-bar-desktop{display:block;margin-left:-65px;position:relative;clear:none;overflow:visible}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-left{display:block;width:0}}#sdef .main-content .content-left .locking-left-bar{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-center{margin-left:0;width:740px}}#sdef .main-content .content-center p a,#sdef .main-content .content-center .section.definition-section li a{text-decoration:underline}#sdef .main-content .content-center figure{margin:1.5em auto}#sdef #main-content #content-center>div>div>p,#sdef #main-content #content-center>div>div>ul li,#sdef #main-content #content-center>div>div>ol li,#sdef .main-article-chapter p{color:#000}#sdef #content-center .section-title+.main-article-image{margin-top:40px}#sdef .definition-section img:not(.sc-input-component){display:block;height:auto;width:100%;max-width:740px}#sdef .main-content .content-right{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-right{display:none;margin-left:500px;margin-left:820px;width:300px;float:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-right .desktop-related-bar,#sdef .main-content .content-right .desktop-resources-bar{width:300px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-right .resources-bar.desktop-resources-bar{z-index:999999999;width:300px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0!important;position:relative!important;top:0!important;margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-right .resources-bar.desktop-resources-bar .primary{margin-top:260px}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image{margin:0 auto 1.5em;max-height:none}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image img{max-height:600px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left top}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image figcaption{position:relative;margin-top:0;width:100%}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image figcaption{box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:0;min-height:50px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image .main-article-image-enlarge{width:40px;height:40px;top:35px;right:20px}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image .main-article-image-enlarge .icon{font-size:36px;top:0}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{max-width:370px;width:100%;height:auto}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{float:left;margin:0 40px 20px 0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{float:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{float:left}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col img{width:100%}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col figcaption{box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:0;min-height:50px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block!important;clear:both;top:auto;left:auto;float:right;position:static;position:absolute}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .resources-bar-header{font-size:18px;padding-left:57px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .resources-bar-header{font-size:15px;padding-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .resources-bar-header .icon{top:2px;left:9px;display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .resources-bar-header .icon{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .resources-bar-item{padding-left:55px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .resources-bar-item{padding-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .resources-bar-item .icon{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sponsored-news .resources-bar-item.see-more a{text-align:left}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sponsored-news .resources-bar-item.see-more a{text-align:center}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop{display:none;width:30px;margin-left:0}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop{width:40px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop{margin-left:-5px;background:0;padding:0;width:50px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop{clear:both;overflow:hidden;margin-right:0;margin-left:-65px;display:block;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left;position:absolute}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop.fixed{position:fixed;top:180px}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop{display:block;text-align:center}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-facebook{background-color:#3b5998}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-twitter{background-color:#000}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-google{background-color:#db4437}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-linkedin{background-color:#0077b5}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-xing{background-color:#1a7576}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard{background-color:#e12828}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.contentTools-print,#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.contentTools-email{background-color:#5c5d5d}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.share-bar-title{display:none}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a{color:#fff;font-size:24px;display:block;padding:3px;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:34px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a{font-size:26px;padding:5px;min-height:41px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a{font-size:30px;padding:7px;min-height:49px}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a .x_logo{font-size:14px;top:-1px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a .x_logo{font-size:18px}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a:hover{color:#fff}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard a{font-size:18px;padding:8px 3px 4px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard a{padding:12px 3px 7px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard a{font-size:23px;padding:11px 7px 10px}}#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:0 20px -15px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin-top:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:10px auto -5px;width:880px;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .breadcrumbs{width:1200px}}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul{list-style:none}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li{display:inline;padding-right:5px;font-size:11px;color:#666}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li:before{content:"\003e";padding-right:7px;color:#666}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li:first-child:before{content:"";padding-right:0}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li a{color:#666}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li a:hover{color:#323232;text-decoration:underline}#sdef .top-gradient-bar{height:15px;min-height:15px;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .top-gradient-bar{margin-bottom:-15px}}#sdef .section.definition-section{padding-top:0;min-height:250px;background:0;margin-top:0}#sdef .section.definition-section p{color:#666}#sdef .section.definition-section p.sign-up-error-msg{color:#EA0000}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter{background:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:27px}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter .section-title,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4{margin:0}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter .section-title+p,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4+p{margin-top:8px}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:15px;margin:0 0 10px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:17px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:19px}}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4+p,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title)+p{margin-top:-3px}#sdef h2.section-title,#sdef h3.section-title{padding-left:0}#sdef h2.section-title .icon,#sdef h3.section-title .icon{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef h2.section-title,#sdef h3.section-title{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef h2.section-title,#sdef h3.section-title{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4em}}#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:15px;margin-top:0;line-height:1.22em}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:16px;line-height:1.08em}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:17px;line-height:1.4em}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .section.next-steps,#sdef .section.dig-deeper{clear:both}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-header{overflow:visible;z-index:2}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-header h2,#sdef .sign-up-header>span.headline{width:100%}}#sdef .sign-up-header>img{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-header>img{display:block;width:40%}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-header>img{width:240px;position:relative;right:0;max-height:175px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-header>p{margin-right:280px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{min-height:150px}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error .errorMessageInput{clear:both}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1{margin-top:20px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li{margin:0}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li input{max-width:408px;height:55px}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{width:100%;font-size:21px;max-width:408px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{font-size:24px}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{font-size:21px;width:100%;max-width:408px;height:55px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{font-size:24px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-bottom:40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-left:0}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 #inlineRegProcessing{float:none;margin-bottom:20px}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 #inlineRegProcessing .processing .animatedIcon{margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 #inlineRegProcessing .processing .animatedIcon{margin:0 10px 20px -65px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .error p{margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .actions-bar{display:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .discussion-sidebar{width:300px;left:820px}}#sdef .main-article-author{width:100%;list-style:none;margin:0}#sdef .main-article-author-info{width:auto;float:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author-info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:60px}}#sdef .main-article-author-byline{display:inline-block;border:0;padding:0;margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author-byline{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author-byline{display:inline;padding-right:15px;margin-right:15px}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2{background:0;list-style:none;max-width:none;float:none;width:auto;margin:0 0 20px;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:5px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2{display:flex}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2{margin:0 0 30px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:2px;min-height:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2{margin:20px 0}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2>span{display:none;color:#666;font-size:12px;margin-right:3px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2>span{display:inline-block}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 ul{list-style:none;clear:both;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 ul{padding-right:40px;clear:none;overflow:visible}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li{color:#666;font-size:12px;margin-bottom:7px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li{float:left;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:5px;padding-right:10px;border-right:1px solid #666}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li:last-child{border:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li .main-article-author-title{color:#666;font-size:12px;line-height:normal}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .main-article-author-date{white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;margin-top:0;margin-left:auto}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .main-article-author-date span{color:#666}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize{display:block;margin:-12px 10px 5px 0;width:40px;height:40px}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize img{width:auto}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize img{height:52px}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link{position:relative;display:block;color:#666;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link{display:inline-block}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip{display:none;width:220px;padding:55px 10px 10px;position:absolute;top:34px;left:calc(50% - 133px);border-top:3px solid teal;box-shadow:0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2)}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip{width:280px;left:calc(50% - 143px)}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip:before{position:absolute;left:calc(50% - 8px);top:-14px;border-right:8px solid transparent;border-left:8px solid transparent;border-bottom:12px solid teal;content:""}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip p{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;margin:0}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link:hover{cursor:pointer;color:#323232}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link:hover .esg-contributor-tooltip{display:block}}.definition-header{margin-top:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-header{margin-top:35px;min-height:250px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.definition-header{min-height:0;clear:both;overflow:hidden}}.definition-header .eyebrow{font-size:12px;color:#666;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin:0 20px}@media (min-width:640px){.definition-header .eyebrow{margin:0 40px}}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-header .eyebrow{margin:0 0 5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-header .page-header-ad{right:40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.definition-header .page-header-ad{top:70px}}.definition-title{font-size:25px;line-height:1.1em;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:#323232;margin:0 20px 10px}@media (min-width:640px){.definition-title{font-size:40px;margin:0 40px 15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-title{padding-bottom:10px;margin:0;width:460px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.definition-title{width:740px;float:left}}.continue-reading{margin:40px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading{clear:both}}.continue-reading ul{list-style-type:none}.continue-reading li{color:#323232;font-size:15px;margin:0 0 10px;padding-left:40px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading li{font-size:18px}}.continue-reading li:before{color:teal;content:"\2219";font-size:108px;line-height:16px;position:absolute;left:5px;top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading li:before{line-height:26px}}.continue-reading li:first-child{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.continue-reading li:first-child{margin-top:25px}}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading li{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:20px}}.related-terms{margin:40px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms{padding:10px;background-repeat:repeat;clear:both}}.related-terms h4{font-size:18px;padding-bottom:3px;margin-top:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms h4{font-size:26px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.related-terms h4{font-size:30px}}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms dl{margin-bottom:0}}.related-terms dt{font-size:16px;letter-spacing:-.02em}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms dt{font-size:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.related-terms dt{font-size:24px}}.related-terms dd{font-size:12px;line-height:1.58em;color:#666;padding-bottom:15px;margin:12px 0 25px;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms dd{font-size:13px}}@media (min-width:960px){.related-terms dd{font-size:14px}}.related-terms dd:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms .related-terms-inner{padding:15px;background:#fff}}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms .related-terms-inner dd{margin:15px 0}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .related-terms-inner h4{margin-bottom:0}}.file-extensions{display:none;padding:40px}@media (min-width:960px){.file-extensions{display:block}}.file-extensions h2{margin:0 0 20px}.file-extensions ul{clear:both;list-style-type:none;margin-bottom:20px;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:1280px){.file-extensions ul{clear:none;float:left;overflow:visible}}@media (min-width:1280px){.file-extensions .list-1 li:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0;margin-left:0}}.file-extensions li{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;float:left;padding-left:13px;margin-left:13px}.file-extensions li a{color:#666;font-size:20px;display:inline-block;width:14px;text-align:center}.file-extensions .powered-by{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;clear:both;margin-top:10px;padding-top:20px}.file-extensions .powered-by span{color:#666;font-size:12px;float:left;margin-right:15px}.file-extensions .powered-by img{width:125px}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef #main-content .content-right{display:block;margin-top:236px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar-cluster #main-content .content-right{margin-top:580px}}.main-guide-hero-header{height:85px;margin:0 -20px;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header{margin:0;height:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header{height:130px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header{margin:0 -40px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left{margin:20px 0 0}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left.full-width{width:100%;border:0}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left.full-width h3{text-align:left}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left{border-right:1px solid #46afa2;float:left;height:30px;margin:21px 0 0;padding-top:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left{height:44px;margin-top:25px;padding-top:5px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{color:#fff;font-size:14px;margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{font-size:18px;margin-right:20px;margin-left:80px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{font-size:22px;margin-left:90px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{font-size:24px;margin-left:100px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right{margin:0;padding:0 20px 0 67px}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right{display:table-cell;height:76px;padding:0 40px 0 20px;vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right{height:96px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{color:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4em;margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{font-weight:700}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{font-size:15px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{font-size:16px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h5{display:none;color:#fff;font-weight:400;margin:0}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h5{display:block;font-size:12px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h5{font-size:13px}}.main-guide-hero-header{background:#117785;background:linear-gradient(to right,#117785 0,#33a79a 23%,#5db4ae 48%,#187690 100%)}#essentialGuide.eg_v2,.guide_v2{}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .background-image,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .background-image-credit,.guide_v2 .background-image,.guide_v2 .background-image-credit{display:none}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .fullScreenImage,.guide_v2 .fullScreenImage{position:absolute;width:100%;background:#d6ecf9;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#d6ecf9 0,#9fcde6 28%,#70a4ba 49%,#bee1f3 76%,#dff1f8 100%);height:100%;max-height:800px}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient,.guide_v2 .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient{background:#f2f2f2;background:linear-gradient(0,#f2f2f2 10%,rgba(242,242,242,0) 40%);background-size:cover;height:100%}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .ad-wrapper,.guide_v2 .ad-wrapper{background-color:#323232!important}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper,.guide_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper{display:none;background-color:#323232}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper,.guide_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper{background-color:#000}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{background-color:#323232;text-align:center}@media (min-width:640px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{text-align:left;padding-left:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{padding-left:0;background-color:#000;height:60px;width:880px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{width:1200px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span{font-size:18px;color:#faaf40;display:inline-block}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span{margin:0;float:left;padding-top:20px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3 a:hover,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span a:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3 a:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span a:hover{color:#c03c0c}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse{color:#fff;margin-left:15px;border-left:1px solid #666;display:inline-block;padding:10px 0 10px 15px}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse{display:none;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;height:60px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse:hover{color:#faaf40}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse>span{padding:10px 0 10px 20px;margin:10px 0 10px 20px;border-left:1px solid #666;display:inline-block}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected{width:300px;margin-left:20px}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li{height:auto;border-bottom:1px solid #333}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:after,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:after{content:"";box-shadow:5px 0 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%;position:absolute;width:100%;left:0;top:0;z-index:999999}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span{margin-left:0;padding:0 50px 0 20px;border-left:0;display:inline-block}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span .icon{display:inline-block}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected{top:0;left:300px;background-color:#323232}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected>li{min-height:58px;box-sizing:border-box;box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid #666}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .icon{color:#faaf40;display:inline-block;padding-left:10px;top:2px}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent{display:none;list-style:none}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent{height:60px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected{display:block;position:absolute;z-index:99;background-color:transparent;width:100%;text-align:left}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected{z-index:999999}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected>li{float:none}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li{padding:20px 50px 20px 20px;color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #323232;background-color:#000;margin:0 20px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li{margin:0 40px 0 0}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li{float:left;padding:20px 0;margin:0;border-bottom:0;height:60px;box-sizing:border-box}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover{color:#faaf40}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .icon{color:#faaf40}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .guide-list-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .guide-list-child{color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li>span{border-left:1px solid #666;margin-left:20px;padding:10px 0 10px 20px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon{position:absolute;top:22px;right:20px;color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon{display:none}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child{display:none;list-style:none}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected{display:block;background-color:#323232;margin:20px -50px -20px -20px}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected{margin:0;position:absolute;z-index:999999;top:60px;left:20px;width:300px;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;background-color:#000}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li{padding:0;border-bottom:1px solid #666}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li{box-shadow:5px 5px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);border-bottom:1px solid #323232}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child{box-shadow:0 5px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child{box-shadow:inset 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child{box-shadow:5px 5px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li a,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li a{padding:20px;display:block}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover{cursor:pointer;background-color:#faaf40;color:#323232}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover{color:#000}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child{border:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header,.guide_v2 .guide-header{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.7);padding:12px 20px 17px;position:relative;margin:20px 20px 0}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header,.guide_v2 .guide-header{margin:60px auto 0;box-sizing:border-box;width:880px;padding:20px 40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header,.guide_v2 .guide-header{width:1200px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading{color:#faaf40;font-size:12px;display:block;margin-bottom:7px}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:10px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading{font-size:15px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title{font-size:16px;display:block;color:#fff}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title:hover{color:#faaf40}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title{font-size:26px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title{font-size:28px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 #main-content,.guide_v2 #main-content{margin-top:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 #main-content>.imageWithCredit,.guide_v2 #main-content>.imageWithCredit{display:none}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-header,.guide_v2 .main-article-header{margin-top:0}@media (min-width:640px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-header,.guide_v2 .main-article-header{margin:0 20px}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-header,.guide_v2 .main-article-header{margin:0 0 0 -40px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-author.v2,.guide_v2 .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .header.header_v2,.guide_v2 .header.header_v2{margin-bottom:60px}.main-guide-series-hero-header{display:block;width:100%;height:35px}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-series-hero-header{height:75px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-series-hero-header{height:85px}}.main-guide-series-hero-header:hover{cursor:pointer}.main-guide-series-hero-header:hover .main-series-hero-header-right span{background-color:#fff;color:teal}.main-guide-series-hero-header:hover .main-series-hero-header-right span .icon{color:teal}.main-series-hero-header-right{display:none;float:right;margin-top:24px;padding-right:40px}@media (min-width:640px){.main-series-hero-header-right{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-series-hero-header-right{margin-top:28px}}.main-series-hero-header-right span{font-size:14px;padding:10px;color:#fff;border-radius:4px;transition:background-color .2s}.main-series-hero-header-right span:hover{background-color:#fff;color:teal}.main-series-hero-header-right span:hover .icon{color:teal}.main-series-hero-header-right span .icon{font-size:20px;top:4px}.pillar #main-content{margin-top:40px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content{margin-top:60px}}.pillar #content-left,.pillar #content-right{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #content-center{width:560px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #content-center{width:880px}}.pillar #content-center .box-ad-wrapper,.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{text-align:center;background:#f2f2f2;float:none;margin:0 -20px 0 -20px;padding:20px 0}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #content-center .box-ad-wrapper,.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{background:0;float:right;margin:0 0 20px 40px;padding-top:30px;position:relative}}.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;float:none;margin:0 -20px 0 -20px;position:relative;padding:20px 0;text-align:center}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{display:none}}.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{background:0;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 0 20px 20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{padding:0 0 20px;margin-left:40px}}.pillar .download-button{opacity:0}.pillar .pillar-nav{width:200px;float:left;z-index:999}.pillar .pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{padding-top:30px}.pillar .pillar-navbar{display:none;padding:20px 20px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar .pillar-navbar{padding:20px 40px 0}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar{display:block;position:relative;padding:30px 0 0 10px}}.pillar .pillar-navbar .icon.pillar{width:35px;height:23px;display:block;position:absolute;background-size:contain}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar .icon.pillar{left:15px}}.pillar .pillar-navbar h5{font-size:17px;line-height:30px;margin:0;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:40px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar .pillar-navbar h5{padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar h5{padding-left:45px}}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar ul{display:block}}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul.fixed-height{height:calc(100vh - 240px);overflow:hidden;overflow-y:scroll}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;color:teal;font-size:14px;list-style-type:none;padding:10px 25px}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li:first-child{border:0}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li.active{position:relative;font-weight:700}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li.active:before{color:teal;content:"\2219";font-size:60px;position:absolute;top:-15px;left:5px}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li.active a{color:#323232}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li a{cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:18px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body{width:560px;float:left;margin:0 0 0 40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body{width:880px}}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-header{margin:0}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-header .eyebrow-container{margin-left:0}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-title{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-title{margin-bottom:25px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-title{width:840px}}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-subtitle{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-subtitle{padding:0;width:240px;min-height:250px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-subtitle{width:550px;min-height:0}}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-author{margin:0 0 30px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-author{padding:0}}.pillar .background-image,.pillar .background-image-credit,.pillar-cluster .background-image,.pillar-cluster .background-image-credit,.pillar-bridge .background-image,.pillar-bridge .background-image-credit{display:none}.pillar .fullScreenImage,.pillar-cluster .fullScreenImage,.pillar-bridge .fullScreenImage{position:absolute;width:100%;background:#e8f4f3;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#D2EAEA 0,#e8f4f3 15%,#e8f4f3 35%,#80c1bb 100%);height:100%;max-height:800px}.pillar .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient,.pillar-cluster .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient,.pillar-bridge .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient{background:#f2f2f2;background:linear-gradient(0,#f2f2f2 10%,rgba(242,242,242,.1) 40%);background-size:cover;height:100%}.pillar-cluster .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar-bridge .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 20px;position:relative;height:0;z-index:1;top:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar-bridge .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 auto;top:35px;width:880px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar-bridge .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){width:1200px}}#sdef.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 20px;position:relative;height:0;z-index:1;top:15px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 auto;top:35px}}#sdef.pillar .pillar-body #content-center .breadcrumbs{display:none}.pillar-cluster #main-content,.pillar-bridge #main-content{margin-top:40px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster #main-content,.pillar-bridge #main-content{margin-top:60px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck{padding-top:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#infographic.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck,.pillar-bridge#infographic.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck{padding-top:160px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-cluster .article-guide-header,.pillar-cluster .definition-guide-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .article-guide-header,.pillar-bridge .definition-guide-header{padding-top:100px}}.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin-top:0;padding-top:100px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin-left:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin-left:-40px}}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-article-author.v2,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:0}}.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts{top:80px}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts{top:0}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{width:860px;position:absolute;top:15px;left:-20px;z-index:999;max-width:100%;transition:top .2s linear}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{top:20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{width:840px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-header,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-header{z-index:1;max-width:100%;position:relative;background:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-header,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-header{box-shadow:0 0 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25);display:flex}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-header:after,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-header:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{background:#fff;float:left;padding:3px 20px 5px 30px;width:100%;max-width:100%;box-shadow:0 0 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{width:635px;box-shadow:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{width:615px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading:before,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading:before{position:absolute;bottom:-20px;left:-20px;border-bottom:20px solid transparent;border-left:20px solid transparent;border-right:20px solid #323232;content:""}.pillar-cluster .icon.pillar,.pillar-bridge .icon.pillar{width:23px;height:19px;display:block;position:absolute;background-size:contain;top:9px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading img,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading img{width:35px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading span,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading span{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;position:relative;top:4px;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:28px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading a,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading a{color:teal;display:block;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;text-decoration:none;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:5px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading a,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading a{margin-bottom:0;font-size:18px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading a:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading a:hover{color:#323232}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav{background:teal;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:none;width:175px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;transition:background .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav{display:flex}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav:hover,.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav.displayedClusterNav,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav.displayedClusterNav{background:#323232}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav .icon{top:2px;left:2px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination{color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:none;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#fff;margin-right:25px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination{display:flex}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev{display:inline-block;border-right:1px solid #c6c2bf;color:#666;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 20px;margin:17px 0;position:relative}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:hover{color:teal}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:before,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:before{position:absolute;top:3px;left:0;content:"";border-right:12px solid teal;border-top:7px solid transparent;border-bottom:7px solid transparent}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.next,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.next{display:inline-block;color:#666;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 20px;margin:17px 0;position:relative}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:hover{color:teal}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:after,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:after{position:absolute;top:3px;right:0;content:"";border-left:12px solid teal;border-top:7px solid transparent;border-bottom:7px solid transparent}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev{display:none;background-color:teal;position:absolute;padding:15px;font-size:14px;color:#fff;bottom:70px;right:0;white-space:pre}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev .icon{color:teal;position:absolute;top:43px;right:130px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next{display:none;background-color:teal;position:absolute;padding:15px;font-size:14px;color:#fff;bottom:70px;right:0;white-space:pre}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next .icon{color:teal;position:absolute;top:43px;right:53px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button{background:teal;cursor:pointer;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:-31px;right:0;z-index:299;display:none;transition:visibility 0s,opacity .5s linear;box-shadow:0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button{display:block}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button.show,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button:focus,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button:focus{outline:0}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a{width:100%;height:100%;background-color:teal;display:block;padding:7px 20px;box-sizing:border-box;transition:background-color .2s}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:hover{background-color:#323232}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:focus,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:focus{outline:0}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button .icon{color:#fff;font-size:32px;position:absolute;right:15px;top:0}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span{display:inline-block;color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding-right:30px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span.num,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span.num{margin:0;position:absolute;width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:14px;background-color:#EA0000;top:-15px;right:-10px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;line-height:28px;padding:0}.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:0 20px 15px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:0 40px 15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:-5px 0 15px 0;padding:0;width:460px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{width:780px}}.pillar-cluster#sdef .actions-bar,.pillar-bridge#sdef .actions-bar{top:-21px}.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{padding-top:132px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{padding-top:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{min-height:250px;padding-top:100px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{min-height:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:105px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:auto}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .cluster-callout-left,.pillar-bridge#sdef .cluster-callout-left{width:510px}}.pillar-cluster#sdef .cluster-download p,.pillar-bridge#sdef .cluster-download p{color:#323232}.bridge,.pillar-bridge{}.bridge .actions-bar,.pillar-bridge .actions-bar{top:0}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .actions-bar,.pillar-bridge .actions-bar{top:initial}}.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;padding:20px 0;position:static;text-align:center}@media (min-width:640px){.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{display:none}}.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:none;position:static}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block;float:right;margin:0 -60px 40px 40px;padding:0;text-align:inherit}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{margin-right:-80px}}@media (min-width:640px){.bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded,.pillar-bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{float:none;background:#fff;border:0;margin:0 0 20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded,.pillar-bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{clear:right;float:right;border-left:20px solid #fff;margin:0 -60px 40px 20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded,.pillar-bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{margin-right:-80px}}.bridge .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{position:relative;padding-bottom:30px}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{left:-60px;max-width:calc(100% + 60px);padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{padding-left:140px;padding-right:20px;width:525px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{padding-left:180px;width:465px}}.bridge .content-right,.pillar-bridge .content-right{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .main-content .content-left,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-left{padding-top:47px}}.bridge .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin:0;padding-top:10px}.bridge .main-article-title,.pillar-bridge .main-article-title{margin-left:0;margin-top:10px;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .main-article-title,.pillar-bridge .main-article-title{margin-top:30px;padding-right:0}}.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center{}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center{padding-left:80px;width:calc(100% - 160px)}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center{padding-left:120px;margin-right:80px;width:calc(100% - 240px)}}.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center .main-article-image img,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center .main-article-image img{max-width:100%;width:100%;margin:0}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li{width:283px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child{width:880px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child img,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child img{width:1200px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img{margin-left:0;width:640px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img{width:780px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge figure.main-article-image,.bridge pre,.bridge code,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.bridge .main-article-table,.bridge .extra-info,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image,.pillar-bridge pre,.pillar-bridge code,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.pillar-bridge .main-article-table,.pillar-bridge .extra-info{left:-60px;max-width:calc(100% + 120px);width:calc(100% + 120px);margin:40px auto;position:relative}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge figure.main-article-image,.bridge pre,.bridge code,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.bridge .main-article-table,.bridge .extra-info,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image,.pillar-bridge pre,.pillar-bridge code,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.pillar-bridge .main-article-table,.pillar-bridge .extra-info{left:-80px;max-width:calc(100% + 160px);width:calc(100% + 160px)}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col{left:0;margin-left:-60px;float:left;z-index:1}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col{margin-left:-80px}}.bridge .main-article-table,.pillar-bridge .main-article-table{left:0;width:100%;max-width:100%}.bridge.reg-login .main-article-header,.bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:before,.bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:after,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:before,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:after{clear:none}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper{width:420px;float:left;clear:none;margin-left:-60px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper{width:620px;margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper .inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.pillar-bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper .inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{width:200px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login .box-ad-wrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .box-ad-wrapper{margin-right:0}}.bridge.reg-login .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize{top:-12px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:-7px;position:relative}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login.frontEndMetering #inlineRegistrationWrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login.frontEndMetering #inlineRegistrationWrapper{float:none}}.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-0,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-1,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-2,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-0,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-1,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-2{width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #content-center{width:560px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar #content-center{width:880px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .breadcrumbs{margin:10px 0 20px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .breadcrumbs{padding-left:0;width:auto;margin-top:25px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .breadcrumbs ul li{color:#666}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header{float:none;margin-top:20px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header{margin-top:30px;min-height:0}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header .eyebrow{margin-left:0}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header .definition-title{margin-left:0}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header .definition-title{margin-bottom:25px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-title{padding-bottom:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors{width:100%}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors{position:static;right:auto;width:300px;float:right;margin:10px 0 20px 40px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors .main-article-author{margin-bottom:0}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors .publish-date{margin:0}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body #publish-date{overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-section p:first-of-type{margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-section .ad-embedded{clear:both}}#sdef.pillar .box-ad-wrapper{position:static}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{margin:0 0 20px 40px;padding-top:20px;top:0!important}}@media (min-width:960px) and (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{padding-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar .share-bar-desktop{display:block;margin-left:-65px;width:50px;padding-top:30px}}</style> <script src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/css/main.css?v=9.53" media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null;"> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/css/main.css?v=9.53"> </noscript><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/cmp/sourcepoint/gdprTCFv2-config.min.js?v=9.53"></script><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/cmp/sourcepoint/ccpa-config.min.js?v=9.53"></script><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/cmp/ttCmpApi.min.js?v=9.53"></script><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/js/responsive.min.js?v=9.53"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://optimizely.techtarget.com/optimizely-edge/17796810052" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"async ></script><link rel='manifest' href='/searchnetworking/manifest.json'><script> TT("page", {"contentAge":769,"topical":true,"isCFBotEnabledSite":"false","appCode":"98","uaid":"UA-19046353-3","industrytaxGTM":"(0)(0)(0) ","parentTopicId":"298384","zone":"DEFINITION","isSearchsite":true,"id":"a228fd8ae4bb2210VgnVCM1000000d01c80aRCRD","contentType":"DEFINITION","showRightRailOverlay":"true","siteType":"editorial","wordCount":159,"userRegLib":"https://users.techtarget.com/registration/js/userreg-lib.js","uidType":"content","pubDate":"2023-01-18","adScheme":"1","topicId":"299242","adId":"212802","pubYear":"2023","pubMonthYear":"01/2023","subType":"/Definition","gadText":"-ADS BY GOOGLE","parentTopicName":"Topics","configCharCount":110,"siteName":"searchNetworking","clusterId":["2240024332","2240213311"],"uid":"212802","allowedPages":1,"isDBEnabledSite":"true","adAbbr":"snet","isServerSideMetering":"false","clusterName":["NetInfra","RandS"],"siteClass":"teal","ga":true,"lang":"en","inlineLinkCount":4,"regTopicName":"Network Infrastructure","timestamp":"2025-02-25 19:13:19","hasVideo":"false","homeAdId":"2240012912","regTopicId":"1175259","techtaxGTM":"(0)(0)(0) ","ttgtRegHost":"https://users.techtarget.com","atHost":"https://go.techtarget.com","regHost":"https://users.techtarget.com","markettaxGTM":"(0)(0)(0) ","pageIndex":0,"siteId":7,"topicName":"Network infrastructure","topicIds":["299242","2240113869","307568","2240024072","2240113857","307561"],"showLeadGenOverlay":"true","gaSiteAcct":"UA-19046353-3"}); </script>  <script>var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime();</script> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144×144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114×114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72×72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72×72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <script type="text/javascript">window.PQ = {"IDS":1,"BSC":["84031001","80000200","84032012","84241001"],"VLP":{"lb":{"728x90":"0"},"mb":{"300x50":"0"},"hp":{"fluid":"0"},"ist":{"fluid":"0"},"mu":{"300x250":"0"},"pr":{"800x45":"0"},"mbt":{"300x90":"0"}}}</script><script type="text/javascript">window.GEO = {"country":"SG"}</script></head> <body id="sdef">  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PWWZSH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PWWZSH');</script><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MKCV6V9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MKCV6V9');</script> <div id="site-container" class="site-container">   <div id="interstitial" class="ad ad-ist"><script>GPT.display('interstitial')</script></div><div class="cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="ad-wrapper header-leaderboard ad-mobile">  <div id="mobile-lb" class="ad ad-mb"><script>GPT.display('mobile-lb')</script></div></div> </div> <header class="header header_v3 en" id="page-header"> <button aria-label="Navigation Menu" class="nav-toggle"><i class="icon" data-icon="9"></i></button> <span href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/" class="header-logo"> <svg id="techtarget-logo" viewBox="0 0 288 150" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:space="preserve" xmlns:serif="http://www.serif.com/" style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:2;"><g transform="matrix(1.31477,0,0,1.31477,-46.3587,-43.3817)"><g><g><path d="M62.49,105.87L51.78,105.87L51.78,135.38L45.86,135.38L45.86,105.87L35.26,105.87L35.26,101.06L62.49,101.06L62.49,105.87Z"/><path d="M69.27,135.86C65.64,135.86 62.7,134.72 60.44,132.43C58.19,130.14 57.06,127.1 57.06,123.29L57.06,122.58C57.06,120.03 57.55,117.76 58.53,115.76C59.51,113.76 60.89,112.2 62.67,111.08C64.45,109.96 66.43,109.41 68.61,109.41C72.08,109.41 74.77,110.52 76.66,112.73C78.55,114.95 79.5,118.08 79.5,122.14L79.5,124.45L62.83,124.45C63,126.56 63.71,128.22 64.94,129.45C66.17,130.68 67.73,131.29 69.6,131.29C72.22,131.29 74.36,130.23 76.01,128.11L79.1,131.06C78.08,132.58 76.71,133.77 75.01,134.61C73.3,135.43 71.39,135.86 69.27,135.86ZM68.58,114C67.01,114 65.74,114.55 64.77,115.65C63.8,116.75 63.19,118.28 62.92,120.25L73.84,120.25L73.84,119.83C73.71,117.91 73.2,116.46 72.31,115.48C71.41,114.49 70.17,114 68.58,114Z"/><path d="M93.74,131.28C95.17,131.28 96.36,130.86 97.3,130.03C98.24,129.2 98.75,128.17 98.81,126.94L104.21,126.94C104.15,128.53 103.65,130.01 102.73,131.38C101.8,132.76 100.55,133.84 98.96,134.65C97.37,135.45 95.66,135.85 93.82,135.85C90.25,135.85 87.42,134.69 85.33,132.38C83.24,130.07 82.19,126.88 82.19,122.81L82.19,122.22C82.19,118.34 83.23,115.23 85.3,112.9C87.37,110.57 90.2,109.4 93.79,109.4C96.82,109.4 99.29,110.28 101.2,112.05C103.11,113.82 104.11,116.14 104.21,119.02L98.81,119.02C98.75,117.56 98.25,116.36 97.31,115.41C96.37,114.47 95.18,114 93.74,114C91.88,114 90.46,114.67 89.45,116.02C88.44,117.36 87.93,119.4 87.92,122.14L87.92,123.06C87.92,125.83 88.42,127.89 89.42,129.25C90.42,130.6 91.86,131.28 93.74,131.28Z"/><path d="M113.22,112.66C115.09,110.49 117.45,109.41 120.32,109.41C125.76,109.41 128.52,112.51 128.59,118.72L128.59,135.39L122.86,135.39L122.86,118.93C122.86,117.17 122.48,115.92 121.72,115.19C120.96,114.46 119.84,114.09 118.36,114.09C116.07,114.09 114.35,115.11 113.22,117.15L113.22,135.37L107.49,135.37L107.49,99.17L113.22,99.17L113.22,112.66Z"/><path d="M154.23,105.87L143.52,105.87L143.52,135.38L137.6,135.38L137.6,105.87L127,105.87L127,101.06L154.23,101.06L154.23,105.87Z"/><path d="M165.21,135.38C164.96,134.89 164.74,134.1 164.55,133C162.73,134.9 160.5,135.85 157.86,135.85C155.3,135.85 153.21,135.12 151.59,133.66C149.97,132.2 149.16,130.39 149.16,128.24C149.16,125.52 150.17,123.44 152.19,121.98C154.21,120.53 157.1,119.8 160.85,119.8L164.36,119.8L164.36,118.13C164.36,116.81 163.99,115.75 163.25,114.96C162.51,114.17 161.39,113.77 159.88,113.77C158.58,113.77 157.51,114.1 156.67,114.75C155.84,115.4 155.42,116.23 155.42,117.24L149.69,117.24C149.69,115.84 150.15,114.53 151.08,113.32C152.01,112.1 153.27,111.15 154.86,110.46C156.46,109.77 158.24,109.42 160.2,109.42C163.19,109.42 165.57,110.17 167.34,111.67C169.12,113.17 170.03,115.28 170.07,118L170.07,129.5C170.07,131.8 170.39,133.63 171.04,134.99L171.04,135.39L165.21,135.39L165.21,135.38ZM158.91,131.26C160.04,131.26 161.11,130.99 162.1,130.43C163.1,129.88 163.85,129.14 164.35,128.21L164.35,123.4L161.26,123.4C159.14,123.4 157.54,123.77 156.47,124.51C155.4,125.25 154.87,126.29 154.87,127.65C154.87,128.75 155.24,129.63 155.97,130.28C156.71,130.93 157.69,131.26 158.91,131.26Z"/><path d="M188.47,115.11C187.72,114.98 186.94,114.92 186.14,114.92C183.52,114.92 181.75,115.93 180.84,117.94L180.84,135.39L175.11,135.39L175.11,109.88L180.58,109.88L180.72,112.73C182.1,110.51 184.02,109.41 186.47,109.41C187.29,109.41 187.96,109.52 188.5,109.74L188.47,115.11Z"/><path d="M189.84,122.44C189.84,118.48 190.77,115.32 192.63,112.95C194.49,110.58 196.96,109.4 200.04,109.4C202.95,109.4 205.23,110.41 206.9,112.44L207.16,109.87L212.32,109.87L212.32,134.6C212.32,137.95 211.28,140.59 209.2,142.52C207.12,144.45 204.31,145.42 200.77,145.42C198.9,145.42 197.07,145.03 195.29,144.25C193.51,143.47 192.15,142.45 191.22,141.2L193.93,137.76C195.69,139.85 197.86,140.9 200.44,140.9C202.34,140.9 203.84,140.38 204.94,139.36C206.04,138.33 206.59,136.82 206.59,134.82L206.59,133.1C204.94,134.94 202.74,135.86 199.99,135.86C197,135.86 194.56,134.67 192.67,132.3C190.78,129.92 189.84,126.64 189.84,122.44ZM195.54,122.94C195.54,125.5 196.06,127.52 197.11,128.99C198.15,130.46 199.61,131.19 201.46,131.19C203.77,131.19 205.48,130.2 206.6,128.22L206.6,117C205.52,115.07 203.82,114.1 201.51,114.1C199.62,114.1 198.16,114.85 197.11,116.34C196.06,117.83 195.54,120.03 195.54,122.94Z"/><path d="M227.75,135.86C224.12,135.86 221.18,134.72 218.92,132.43C216.67,130.14 215.54,127.1 215.54,123.29L215.54,122.58C215.54,120.03 216.03,117.76 217.01,115.76C217.99,113.76 219.37,112.2 221.15,111.08C222.93,109.96 224.91,109.41 227.09,109.41C230.56,109.41 233.25,110.52 235.14,112.73C237.03,114.95 237.98,118.08 237.98,122.14L237.98,124.45L221.31,124.45C221.48,126.56 222.19,128.22 223.42,129.45C224.65,130.68 226.21,131.29 228.08,131.29C230.7,131.29 232.84,130.23 234.49,128.11L237.58,131.06C236.56,132.58 235.19,133.77 233.49,134.61C231.79,135.43 229.87,135.86 227.75,135.86ZM227.07,114C225.5,114 224.23,114.55 223.26,115.65C222.29,116.75 221.68,118.28 221.41,120.25L232.33,120.25L232.33,119.83C232.2,117.91 231.69,116.46 230.8,115.48C229.9,114.49 228.65,114 227.07,114Z"/><path d="M248.88,103.68L248.88,109.88L253.38,109.88L253.38,114.12L248.88,114.12L248.88,128.36C248.88,129.34 249.07,130.04 249.46,130.47C249.84,130.9 250.53,131.12 251.52,131.12C252.18,131.12 252.85,131.04 253.52,130.88L253.52,135.31C252.22,135.67 250.96,135.85 249.75,135.85C245.35,135.85 243.15,133.42 243.15,128.57L243.15,114.12L238.95,114.12L238.95,109.88L243.15,109.88L243.15,103.68L248.88,103.68Z"/></g><path d="M250.15,48.64C247.93,48.64 245.98,46.79 245.98,44.43C245.98,42.09 247.93,40.23 250.15,40.23C252.36,40.23 254.31,42.08 254.31,44.43C254.31,46.79 252.35,48.64 250.15,48.64M250.15,40.68C248.08,40.68 246.51,42.38 246.51,44.43C246.51,46.49 248.08,48.19 250.15,48.19C252.22,48.19 253.78,46.49 253.78,44.43C253.78,42.38 252.21,40.68 250.15,40.68M251.31,46.8L249.83,44.77L249.09,44.77L249.09,46.8L248.6,46.8L248.6,42.07L250.03,42.07C251.22,42.07 251.79,42.5 251.79,43.35C251.79,44.09 251.15,44.7 250.44,44.73L251.98,46.8L251.31,46.8ZM249.9,42.52L249.08,42.52L249.08,44.36L250,44.36C250.82,44.36 251.25,44.04 251.25,43.37C251.26,42.66 250.55,42.52 249.9,42.52"/><g><path d="M253.7,64.11L253.7,60.87C236.76,43.97 214.26,34.66 190.35,34.66C166.43,34.66 143.94,43.97 127,60.87L127,64.11C142.19,52.55 160.24,45.38 179.23,43.37L180.2,43.27L179.31,43.67C169.77,48 163.6,57.56 163.6,68.01C163.6,82.76 175.6,94.76 190.35,94.76C205.1,94.76 217.1,82.76 217.1,68.01C217.1,57.56 210.94,48 201.39,43.67L200.5,43.27L201.47,43.37C220.46,45.38 238.52,52.55 253.7,64.11ZM210.01,68.01C210.01,78.85 201.19,87.67 190.35,87.67C179.51,87.67 170.69,78.85 170.69,68.01C170.69,57.17 179.51,48.35 190.35,48.35C201.19,48.35 210.01,57.17 210.01,68.01Z"/><path d="M178.59,68.05C178.59,74.54 183.87,79.81 190.35,79.81C196.84,79.81 202.11,74.53 202.11,68.05C202.11,61.57 196.83,56.29 190.35,56.29C183.86,56.28 178.59,61.56 178.59,68.05ZM195.21,68.05C195.21,70.73 193.03,72.91 190.35,72.91C187.67,72.91 185.49,70.73 185.49,68.05C185.49,65.37 187.67,63.19 190.35,63.19C193.03,63.19 195.21,65.37 195.21,68.05Z"/></g></g></g></svg> <span class="header-logo-mobile searchnetworking"><span class="logo-1">Search </span><span class="logo-2">Networking</span></span> </span> <button aria-label="Search" class="header-search-toggle" ><i class="icon" data-icon="g"></i></button> <form action="https://www.techtarget.com/search" method="get" class="header-search"> <label for="header-search-input" class="visuallyhidden">Search the TechTarget Network</label> <input class="header-search-input ui-autocomplete-input" id="header-search-input" autocomplete="off" type="text" placeholder="Search the TechTarget Network"> <button aria-label="Search" class="header-search-submit"><i class="icon" data-icon="g"></i></button> </form> <nav class="nav"> <div class="nav-user"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/login" rel="nofollow"><span class="nav-user-action">Login</span></a> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/register" class="register" rel="nofollow"><span class="nav-user-action">Register</span></a> </div> <script>TT(["context","lib/jquery"],function(c,$){var u=c.getUser();if(u.loggedIn){$('div.nav-user').children("a:first") .before('<a href="https://users.techtarget.com/registration/searchNetworking/EditProfile.page?fromURL=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) +'"><i class="icon header_logged_in_icon" title="'+u.displayName+'"></i></a>') .attr("href", "https://users.techtarget.com/registration/v2/api/logout?fromURL=" + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)).children("span.nav-user-action:first").text('Logout'); $('.register').removeAttr('href');$('a.register').hide();}else{$('div.nav-user').children("a:first").attr("href", "https://www.techtarget.com/login?fromURL="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)); $('a.nav-join-pro').attr("href", "https://www.techtarget.com/login?fromURL="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)); $('.register').attr("href", "https://www.techtarget.com/register?fromURL="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href));}}); </script> <div class="nav-links"> <a href="">Explore the Network</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/network/">TechTarget Network</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/">Unified Communications</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/">Mobile Computing</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/">Data Center</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/">IT Channel</a> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="nav-list"> <li class="nav-list-item nav-list-item-searchsites"> <div class="nav-list-item-header searchnetworking"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/"> <span class="nav-list-item-header-title"> <span class="logo-1">Search </span><span class="logo-2">Networking</span></span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-list-item nav-list-item-topics"> <ul class="nav-list-sublist"> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Cloud-and-data-center-networking">Cloud & Data Center</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Network-Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Network-management-and-monitoring">Management</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Mobile-and-wireless-networks">Mobile & Wireless</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Network-Security">Network Security</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item more"> <a href="#">More Topics<i class="icon icon-arrow-down" data-icon="5"></i></a> <div class="nav-list-item-dropdown"> <ul class="nav-list-sublist"> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Networking-careers-and-certifications">Networking Careers & Certifications</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Network-strategy-and-planning">Strategy & Planning</a> </li> <li class="nav-list-sublist-item"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/WAN-technologies-and-services">WAN</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="nav-links"> <a href="#">Other Content</a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/news/">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/features">Features</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/tips">Tips</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/webinars">Webinars</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1726500895_726.html?asrc=2024salaryandcareers">2024 IT Salary Survey Results</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/sponsored_communities">Sponsored Sites</a> </li> <li class="more-content"> <a href="#"> More<i class="icon icon-arrow-down" data-icon="5"></i> </a> <div class="more-content-dropdown"> <ul class="nav-list-sublist"> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/answers">Answers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/guides">Conference Guides</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definitions">Definitions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/opinions">Opinions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/podcasts">Podcasts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/quizzes">Quizzes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/techaccelerators">Tech Accelerators</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/tutorials">Tutorials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/videos">Videos</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav-social"> <li class="nav-social-item title">Follow:</li> <li class="nav-social-item" title="Follow @techtargetnews on X"><a href="https://x.com/techtargetnews" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on X"><i class="icon x_logo" data-icon="c"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Follow searchNetworking on LinkedIn"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/techtarget-news/" target="_blank"><i class="icon" data-icon="o"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Subscribe to Eye on Tech on Youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/EyeonTech" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on Youtube"><i class="icon youtube_icon"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Follow Eye on Tech on TikTok"><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@eyeontech" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on TikTok"><i class="icon tiktok_icon"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Like searchNetworking on Facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/TechTargetInfrastructure/" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on Facebook"><i class="icon" data-icon="u"></i></a></li></ul> </nav> </header> <div class="cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop"> <div class="ad-wrapper header-leaderboard ad-desktop">  <div id="leaderboard" class="ad ad-lb"><script>GPT.display('leaderboard')</script></div></div> </div>  <section id="breadcrumb"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/resources/Network-Infrastructure">Network infrastructure</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div id="main-content" class="main-content"> <article id="content-columns" class="content-columns">  <div class="top-gradient-bar"></div> <header class="definition-header"> <span class="eyebrow">Definition</span> <h1 class="definition-title">point-of-presence (POP) </h1> <div class="ad-wrapper page-header-ad ad-desktop">  <div id="mu-top" class="ad ad-mu"><script>GPT.display('mu-top')</script></div></div>  </header> <div id="content-left" class="content-left">  <div id="rail-share-bar"> <aside id="social-icons-desktop-links"> <ul id="social-icons-desktop" class="share-bar-desktop"> <li class="share-bar-item-desktop share-bar-title">Share this item with your network:</li> <li class="share-bar-item-desktop socialMedia-facebook" title="Share on Facebook" data-socialsite="facebook"> <a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Facebook share"><i class="icon" data-icon="u"></i></a> <span class="count"></span> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-desktop socialMedia-twitter" title="Share on X" data-socialsite="twitter" data-account="techtargetnews" data-related=""> <a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Twitter share"><i class="icon x_logo" data-icon="c"></i></a> <span class="count"></span> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-desktop socialMedia-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn" data-socialsite="linkedin"> <a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="LinkedIn share"><i class="icon" data-icon="o"></i></a> <span class="count"></span> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-desktop contentTools-print" title="Print This Page"> <a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Print this page"><i class="icon" data-icon="i"></i></a> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-desktop contentTools-email" title="Email a Friend"> <a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Email A Friend"><i class="icon" data-icon="n"></i></a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </div> <div id="content-center" class="content-center">  <ul class="actions-bar"> <li class="actions-bar-item actions-bar-chapters"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i></li> <li class="actions-bar-item actions-bar-resources"><i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i></li> <li class="actions-bar-item actions-bar-share"><i class="icon" data-icon="f"></i> <aside id="social-icons-desktop"> <ul class="share-bar-mobile"> <li class="share-bar-item-mobile socialMedia-facebook" title="Share on Facebook" data-socialsite="facebook"> <a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="u" aria-label="Facebook share"></i></a><span class="count"></span> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-mobile socialMedia-twitter" title="Share on X" data-socialsite="twitter" data-account="techtargetnews" data-related="searchuc"> <a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="c" aria-label="Twitter share"></i></a><span class="count"></span> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-mobile socialMedia-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn" data-socialsite="linkedin"> <a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="o" aria-label="LinkedIn share"></i></a><span class="count"></span> </li> <li class="share-bar-item-mobile contentTools-email" title="Email a Friend"> <a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="n" aria-label="Email A Friend"></i></a> </li> </ul> </aside> </li> </ul><section id="contributors-block"> <div class="main-article-author v2"> <div class="image-resize"> <img src="https://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/onlineImages/contributor_avatar_140X180.jpg" alt="TechTarget Contributor"/> </div> <span>By</span> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/TechTarget-Contributor">TechTarget Contributor</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="section definition-section" data-menu-title="Definition" id="content-body"> <section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="What is a point-of-presence?"> <h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>What is a point-of-presence?</h2> <p>A point-of-presence (POP) is a point or physical location where two or more networks or communication devices build a connection from one place to the rest of the internet. A POP primarily refers to a location, facility or access point that connects to and helps other devices establish connections to the internet.</p> <p>POP also stands for the e-mail Post Office Protocol; see <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/POP3-Post-Office-Protocol-3">POP3</a>. A POP necessarily has a unique <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/definition/Internet-Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> address. An internet service provider (<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/ISP">ISP</a>) or online service provider such as an email provider or an entertainment provider has a point-of-presence on the internet and probably many more than one. The number of POPs an ISP or online service provider has is sometimes used as a measure of its size or growth rate.</p> <p>A POP may actually reside in rented space owned by the telecommunications carrier (such as Verizon) to which the ISP is connected. A POP usually includes routers, servers and <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/switch">switches</a>.</p> </section></section> <section id="publish-date"> <div class="publish-date"> This was last updated in <span>January 2023</span> </div> </section> <section class="section continue-reading" data-menu-title="Required Reading" id="required-reading"> <h4 class="section-title"> <i class="icon" data-icon="m"></i> Continue Reading About point-of-presence (POP) </h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/feature/7-types-of-networks-and-their-use-cases">7 types of networks and their use cases</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/access-point">What is a wireless access point?</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/The-complete-Secure-Access-Service-Edge-SASE-guide">The complete Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) guide</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/Secure-Access-Service-Edge-SASE">What is Secure Access Service Edge (SASE)?</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="ad-wrapper ad-inline ad-mobile">  <div id="mobile-2" class="ad ad-mb"><script>GPT.display('mobile-2')</script></div></div>  <section class="section related-terms" data-menu-title="Related Terms" id="related-terms"> <div class="related-terms-inner"> <h4> Related Terms</h4> <dl class="related-terms-list"> <dt> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/packet">What is a network packet?</a> </dt> <dd>A network packet is a basic unit of data that is transferred over a computer network, typically a packet-switched network, such ...<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/packet" class="definition-link"> See complete definition<i class="icon" data-icon="q"></i> </a> </dd> <dt> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/hexadecimal">What is hexadecimal numbering?</a> </dt> <dd>Hexadecimal is a numbering system that uses a base-16 representation for numeric values. It can be used to represent large ...<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/hexadecimal" class="definition-link"> See complete definition<i class="icon" data-icon="q"></i> </a> </dd> <dt> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/modulation">What is modulation?</a> </dt> <dd>Modulation is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal.<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/modulation" class="definition-link"> See complete definition<i class="icon" data-icon="q"></i> </a> </dd> </dl> </div> </section>  <section class="section dig-deeper" id="DigDeeperSplash"> <h4 class="section-title"> <i class="icon" data-icon="m"></i>Dig Deeper on Network infrastructure</h4> <ul class="dig-deeper-list"> <li><a id="DigDeeperItem-1" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366612514/BT-readies-customers-for-Global-Fabric-infrastructure"> <img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/ComputerWeekly/Hero Images/BT-fibre-engineer-hero_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/ComputerWeekly/Hero%20Images/BT-fibre-engineer-hero_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/ComputerWeekly/Hero%20Images/BT-fibre-engineer-hero.jpg 1280w" alt=""> <h5>BT readies customers for Global Fabric infrastructure</h5> <div class="author"> <div class="image-resize"> <img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/computerweekly/Joe-OHalloran-2022-140x180px.jpg" alt="JoeO’Halloran"> </div> <span>By: <span>Joe O’Halloran</span></span> </div> </a></li> <li><a id="DigDeeperItem-2" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/tip/An-introduction-to-8-types-of-network-devices"> <img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/disaster_recovery_g179288049_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/disaster_recovery_g179288049_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/disaster_recovery_g179288049.jpg 1280w" alt=""> <h5>Common types of networking devices explained</h5> <div class="author"> <div class="image-resize"> <img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineImages/english_jennifer.jpg" alt="JenniferEnglish"> </div> <span>By: <span>Jennifer English</span></span> </div> </a></li> <li><a id="DigDeeperItem-3" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366585656/Cato-Networks-and-e-partner-to-further-expand-SASE-presence-in-UAE"> <img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/LeMagIT/hero_article/server_infrastructure_AdobeStock_271134500_smaller_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/LeMagIT/hero_article/server_infrastructure_AdobeStock_271134500_smaller_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/LeMagIT/hero_article/server_infrastructure_AdobeStock_271134500_smaller.jpeg 1280w" alt=""> <h5>Cato Networks and e& partner to further expand SASE presence in UAE</h5> <div class="author"> <div class="image-resize"> <img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/computerweekly/Joe-OHalloran-2022-140x180px.jpg" alt="JoeO’Halloran"> </div> <span>By: <span>Joe O’Halloran</span></span> </div> </a></li> <li><a id="DigDeeperItem-4" href="https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366544806/Openreach-claims-game-changer-for-wholesale-optical-Ethernet"> <img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/ComputerWeekly/HeroImages/openreach-ethernet-OSA-19July2023-PR-hero_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/ComputerWeekly/HeroImages/openreach-ethernet-OSA-19July2023-PR-hero_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/ComputerWeekly/HeroImages/openreach-ethernet-OSA-19July2023-PR-hero.jpg 1280w" alt=""> <h5>Openreach claims ‘game-changer’ for wholesale optical Ethernet</h5> <div class="author"> <div class="image-resize"> <img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/computerweekly/Joe-OHalloran-2022-140x180px.jpg" alt="JoeO’Halloran"> </div> <span>By: <span>Joe O’Halloran</span></span> </div> </a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div id="content-right" class="content-right"> <aside class="resources-bar desktop-resources-bar" id="resources-bar">  <div class="resources-bar-header"><i class="icon" data-icon="l"></i>Sponsored News</div> <ul class="resources-bar-list sponsored-news"> <li class="resources-bar-item"> <a rel="sponsored" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/MulticloudbyDesign/Driving-Digital-Transformation-in-Retail">Driving Digital Transformation in Retail</a> <span>–Dell Technologies</span> </li> <li class="resources-bar-item"> <a rel="sponsored" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/ServerBuyingConsiderations/Server-Security-in-the-Era-of-ChatGPT">Server Security in the Era of ChatGPT</a> <span>–Dell Technologies and Intel</span> </li> <li class="resources-bar-item see-more"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/sponsored_communities">See More</a></li> </ul> <div class="resources-bar-header"><i class="icon" data-icon="l"></i>Vendor Resources</div> <ul class="resources-bar-list" id="vendorResourcesSplash"> <li class="resources-bar-item"> <a href="https://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1706689520_49.html">Using Secure 5G and LTE for Temporary Network Access at Pop-Up Locations</a> <span>–Ericsson</span> <i class="icon" data-icon=""></i> </li> <li class="resources-bar-item"> <a href="https://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1715889650_362.html">Maximizing 5G Inside and Beyond Retail Stores</a> <span>–Ericsson</span> <i class="icon" data-icon="7"></i> </li> </ul> <div class="ad-wrapper ad-embedded"> <div id="halfpage" class="ad ad-hp"><script>GPT.display('halfpage')</script></div> <div id="mu-1" class="ad ad-mu"><script>GPT.display('mu-1')</script></div> </div> </aside> </div> </article> </div>   <section class="latest-wrapper" id="network-coverage"> <nav class="latest-nav-wrapper" aria-label="Latest Resources"> <span class="latest-heading">Latest TechTarget <span class="latest-title">resources</span></span> <ul class="latest-nav"> <li> <a href="#" class="latest-nav-item selected" data-item="1"> Unified Communications<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i> <i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="2"> Mobile Computing<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i> <i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="3"> Data Center<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i> <i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="4"> IT Channel<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i> <i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <span class="latest-nav-mask before-mask"></span> <span class="latest-nav-mask after-mask"></span> <div class="latest-body"> <div class="latest-content" data-item="1"> <span class="searchunifiedcommunications"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/"> <span class="logo-1">Search </span><span class="logo-2">Unified </span><span class="logo-3">Communications</span></a> </span> <ul> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/tip/Connected-workspace-apps-improve-collaboration-management">Connected workspace apps improve collaboration management</a></span> <p>Connected workspace software takes unified communications a step further by integrating project and task management and ...</p> </li> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/tip/3-ways-to-retool-UC-platform-security-architecture-models">3 ways to retool UC platform security architecture models</a></span> <p>Hybrid workers moving between home and office environments create a UC security gap. But adopting modern tools to augment ...</p> </li> <li class="hide-for-small"> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/tip/Decoding-the-CPaaS-market-A-look-at-vendors-products-and-customers">CPaaS in CX: A look at top providers, trends and use cases</a></span> <p>The CPaaS market, as it relates to customer engagement, is competitive and volatile. See how vendors cater to business customers ...</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="latest-content" data-item="2"> <span class="searchmobilecomputing"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/"> <span class="logo-1">Search </span><span class="logo-2">Mobile </span><span class="logo-3">Computing</span></a> </span> <ul> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/tip/How-to-fix-Outlook-when-its-not-syncing-on-an-iPhone">How to fix Outlook when it's not syncing on an iPhone</a></span> <p>Some of the most common issues users encounter with Outlook on iOS relate to syncing. Learn how to troubleshoot when the iPhone ...</p> </li> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/tip/How-to-troubleshoot-common-iPhone-Outlook-problems">How to troubleshoot 3 common iPhone Outlook problems</a></span> <p>Many users need mobile email access to do their jobs, so it's important for IT to fix issues in Microsoft Outlook quickly. Find ...</p> </li> <li class="hide-for-small"> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/tip/How-to-solve-common-Microsoft-Teams-issues-on-Android">How to solve 3 common Microsoft Teams issues on Android</a></span> <p>To enable the use of Microsoft Teams on Android, IT must know how to address poor performance. The most common problems come down...</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="latest-content" data-item="3"> <span class="searchdatacenter"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/"> <span class="logo-1">Search </span><span class="logo-2">Data </span><span class="logo-3">Center</span></a> </span> <ul> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/news/366619479/Microsoft-unveils-quantum-chip-Majorana-1-for-future-advances">Microsoft unveils quantum chip Majorana 1 for future advances</a></span> <p>Microsoft unveils Majorana 1, a quantum chip with 8 qubits, aiming for 1 million. It focuses on scalability for breakthroughs in ...</p> </li> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/tip/Data-center-trends-to-watch">5 data center trends to watch in 2025</a></span> <p>Data center trends for 2025 focus on sustainability and AI, highlighting energy demand, hyperscale data centers, innovative ...</p> </li> <li class="hide-for-small"> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/tip/How-to-use-data-center-wind-turbines-for-sustainable-energy">How to use data center wind turbines for sustainable energy</a></span> <p>Wind power is a promising way for data centers to cut carbon footprints. Despite challenges, evolving technology offers efficient...</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="latest-content" data-item="4"> <span class="searchitchannel"> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/"> <span class="logo-1">Search </span><span class="logo-2">IT</span><span class="logo-3">Channel</span></a> </span> <ul> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/feature/Trends-shaping-the-IT-services-market">6 trends shaping the IT services market in 2025</a></span> <p>Expect IT service providers to use AI to improve service delivery and automate customers' business processes this year, among ...</p> </li> <li> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/news/366616883/AWS-partners-cite-boost-from-GenAI-online-selling-updates">AWS partners cite boost from GenAI, online selling updates</a></span> <p>The ability to build industry offerings on Amazon Nova, easier online selling and accelerated application modernization intrigued...</p> </li> <li class="hide-for-small"> <i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i> <span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/news/366612147/Hyperscalers-mass-AI-role-dominate-partner-ecosystems">Hyperscalers' mass, AI role dominate partner ecosystems</a></span> <p>Seemingly saturated, the massive partner networks of the top cloud vendors still attract service providers and often serve as ...</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section>  <footer id="page-footer"> <div class="content-left">  <div class="column column-logo"> </div> </div> <div class="content-center"> <ul class="column"> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-1"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/editorial/">About Us</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-2"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/techtarget-editorial-ethics-policy/">Editorial Ethics Policy</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-3"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/editorial-contacts/">Meet The Editors</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-4"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-5"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/for-advertisers/">Advertisers</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-6"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/partner-with-us/">Partner with Us</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-7"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/TechTarget-Media-Kit-Handout-with-product-descriptions.pdf">Media Kit</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-8"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com">Corporate Site</a></li> </ul> <ul class="column"> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-1"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/contributors">Contributors</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-2"><a href="https://licensing.ygsgroup.com/ygspublishersolutions/">Reprints</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-3"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/answers">Answers</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-4"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definitions">Definitions</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-5"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/eproducts">E-Products</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-6"><a href="https://www.brighttalk.com/summits">Events</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-7"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/features">Features</a></li> </ul> <ul class="column column-mobile-hidden"> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-1"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/guides">Guides</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-2"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/opinions">Opinions</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-3"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/photostories">Photo Stories</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-4"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/quizzes">Quizzes</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-5"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/tips">Tips</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-6"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/tutorials">Tutorials</a></li> <li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-7"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/videos">Videos</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="content-right"> <div class="column column-legal"> <p class="footer-legal">All Rights Reserved, <span> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/about/copyright">Copyright 2000 - 2025</a>, TechTarget</span><br /> <br /> <span> <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </span> <br /> <span id="cPref" > <a href="#" onclick="window._sp_.gdpr.loadPrivacyManagerModal(1048617,'purposes')">Cookie Preferences </a> <br /> </span> <span id="cPrefCCPA" style="display:none"> <a href="#" onclick="window._sp_.usnat.loadPrivacyManagerModal('1048406')">Cookie Preferences </a> <br /> </span> <span> <a href="https://techtarget.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new?ticket_form_id=360004852434">Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </footer><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/js/responsive-ui.min.js?v=9.53"></script> <script> var _sf_async_config={}; _sf_async_config.uid = 41935; _sf_async_config.domain = 'techtargetnetwork.com'; _sf_async_config.sections = 'snet, snet - Network Infrastructure'; _sf_async_config.authors = 'TechTarget Contributor, DEFINITION, snet - DEFINITION'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; </script>  <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/point-of-presence-POP"},"datePublished":"2023-01-18T11:40Z","name":"point-of-presence (POP)","author":[{"name":"TechTarget Contributor","@type":"Person"}],"publisher":{"name":"TechTarget","logo":{"url":"https://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/amp/amp_teal_logo_115_60.png","height":60,"width":115,"@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"image":"https://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/amp/AMPdefaultImage.jpg","description":"A point-of-presence (POP) is a point or physical location where two or more networks or communication devices build a connection from one place to the rest of the internet.","keywords":{"url":"https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/point-of-presence-POP","name":"point-of-presence (POP)","description":"A point-of-presence (POP) is a point or physical location where two or more networks or communication devices build a connection from one place to the rest of the internet.","@type":"DefinedTerm"},"headline":"point-of-presence (POP)","@type":"Article","hasPart":{"cssSelector":".paywall","@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false},"isAccessibleForFree":false,"@context":"https://schema.org"}</script> </div> <div id="mobile-sidebars" class="mobile-sidebars"> </div> <div id="image-overlay" class="image-overlay"> <div class="image-overlay-img"></div> <div class="image-overlay-close">Close</div> </div>  <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'917fbddb6b28fe08',t:'MTc0MDU3MDg3OS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>