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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Musical career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Musical career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginnings,_1930s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings,_1930s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beginnings, 1930s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings,_1930s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service,_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service,_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Military service, 1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service,_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_recordings_and_initial_success,_1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_recordings_and_initial_success,_1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>First recordings and initial success, 1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_recordings_and_initial_success,_1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Album_releases_and_European_tours,_1960s_and_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Album_releases_and_European_tours,_1960s_and_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Album releases and European tours, 1960s and 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Album_releases_and_European_tours,_1960s_and_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistry_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistry_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Artistry and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artistry_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Artistry and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Artistry_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musical_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Musical style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and nominations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammy_Hall_of_Fame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Grammy Hall of Fame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammy_Hall_of_Fame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Blues_Foundation_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Blues_Foundation_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>The Blues Foundation Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Blues_Foundation_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Inductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Albums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Singles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sessionography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sessionography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sessionography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sessionography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Howlin' Wolf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="هاولن وولف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاولن وولف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="هاولین ولف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاولین ولف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Хаулин Уулф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хаулин Уулф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%E2%80%99_Wolf" title="Howlin’ Wolf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Howlin’ Wolf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="هاولین ولف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاولین ولف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B8%EB%A7%81_%EC%9A%B8%ED%94%84" title="하울링 울프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하울링 울프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A3" title="האולין וולף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האולין וולף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%E2%80%99_Wolf" title="Howlin’ Wolf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Howlin’ Wolf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%27_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="هولين' ولف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هولين' ولف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="ハウリン・ウルフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハウリン・ウルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%E2%80%99_Wolf" title="Howlin’ Wolf – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Howlin’ Wolf" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%E2%80%99_Wolf" title="Howlin’ Wolf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Howlin’ Wolf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Хаулин Вулф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хаулин Вулф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Хаулин Вулф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хаулин Вулф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%E2%80%99_Wolf" title="Howlin’ Wolf – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Howlin’ Wolf" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Howlin' Wolf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Гаулін Вулф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гаулін Вулф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%86%85%E7%89%B9" title="切斯特·阿瑟·伯内特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American blues musician (1910–1976)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chester Burnett" redirects here. For the football player, see <a href="/wiki/Chester_Burnett_(American_football)" title="Chester Burnett (American football)">Chester Burnett (American football)</a>. For the visual artist, see <a href="/wiki/Howling_Wolf_(Cheyenne)" title="Howling Wolf (Cheyenne)">Howling Wolf (Cheyenne)</a>. For the disc jockey, see <a href="/wiki/Wolfman_Jack" title="Wolfman Jack">Wolfman Jack</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Special:EditPage/Howlin' Wolf">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Howlin%27+Wolf%22">"Howlin' Wolf"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Howlin%27+Wolf%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Howlin%27+Wolf%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Howlin%27+Wolf%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Howlin%27+Wolf%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Howlin%27+Wolf%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Howlin' Wolf</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Howlin' Wolf photographed at the 1970 Ann Arbor Blues Festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg/220px-Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg/330px-Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg/440px-Howlin_Wolf_AABF_1970_JT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Howlin' Wolf in 1970</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Chester Arthur Burnett</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1910-06-10</span>)</span>June 10, 1910<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/White_Station,_Mississippi" title="White Station, Mississippi">White Station, Mississippi</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 10, 1976<span style="display:none">(1976-01-10)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hines,_Illinois" title="Hines, Illinois">Hines, Illinois</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Oakridge_Cemetery" title="Oakridge Cemetery">Oakridge Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillside,_Illinois" title="Hillside, Illinois">Hillside</a>, Illinois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Big Foot Chester, Bull Cow, John D.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>musician</li><li>bandleader</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1930s–1976</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Lillie Handley</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1964)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Skeme" title="Skeme">Skeme</a> (great-nephew)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame">Rock & Roll Hall of Fame</a> (1991)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Musical career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">electric blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Vocals</li><li>guitar</li><li>harmonica</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Records_(United_States)" title="RPM Records (United States)">RPM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://howlinwolf.com">howlinwolf<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chester Arthur Burnett</b> (June 10, 1910 – January 10, 1976), better known by his stage name <b>Howlin' Wolf</b>, was an American <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> singer, guitarist and harmonica player. He was at the forefront of transforming acoustic <a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta blues</a> into electric <a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago blues</a>, and over a four-decade career, recorded blues, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>. He is regarded as one of the most influential blues musicians of all time. </p><p>Born into poverty in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, Burnett became a protégé of Delta blues musician <a href="/wiki/Charley_Patton" title="Charley Patton">Charley Patton</a> in the 1930s. In the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>, he began a solo career by performing with other notable blues musicians of the day. By the end of the decade, he had established himself in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a>. Following a number of legal issues, a stint in prison, and Army service, he was recruited by A&R man <a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a> to record for producer <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> in Memphis. His first record "<a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_at_Midnight" title="Moanin' at Midnight">Moanin' at Midnight</a>" (1951) led to a record deal with <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a> in Chicago. Between 1951 and 1969, six of his songs reached the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)"><i>Billboard</i></a> R&B charts. His studio albums include <i>Howlin' Wolf</i> a..k.a The Rocking Chair Album, a collection of singles from 1957 to 1961, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Album" title="The Howlin' Wolf Album">The Howlin' Wolf Album</a></i> (1969), <i><a href="/wiki/Message_to_the_Young" title="Message to the Young">Message to the Young</a></i> (1971), <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Howlin%27_Wolf_Sessions" title="The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions">The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</a></i> (1971), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Back_Door_Wolf" title="The Back Door Wolf">The Back Door Wolf</a></i> (1973). His reputation grew throughout the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">blues revival</a> of the 1960s, and he continued to perform until November 1975, when he performed for the last time alongside fellow blues musician <a href="/wiki/B._B._King" title="B. B. King">B.B. King</a>. He died on January 10, 1976, after years of deteriorating health. In 1980, Howlin' Wolf was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Blues_Hall_of_Fame" title="Blues Hall of Fame">Blues Hall of Fame</a>, and in 1991, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>. </p><p>With a booming voice and an imposing physical presence, he is one of the best-known Chicago blues artists. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> has described him as "a primal, ferocious blues belter with a roster of classics rivaling anyone else, and a sandpaper growl of a voice that has been widely imitated".<sup id="cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howlin'_Wolf-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of his songs have become blues and blues rock standards. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listed <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">Little Red Rooster</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Smokestack_Lightning" title="Smokestack Lightning">Smokestack Lightning</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spoonful" title="Spoonful">Spoonful</a></i> in its "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll" and Smokestack Lightnin'" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-500_Songs_That_Shaped_Rock_and_Roll_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500_Songs_That_Shaped_Rock_and_Roll-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> magazine ranked him number 54 on its list of the "<a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chester Arthur Burnett was born on June 10, 1910, in <a href="/wiki/White_Station,_Mississippi" title="White Station, Mississippi">White Station</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point, Mississippi</a>, to Gertrude Jones and Leon "Dock" Burnett.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later said that his father was "Ethiopian", while Jones had <a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a> ancestry on her father's side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named for <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a>, the 21st President of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Howlin' Wolf" originated from Burnett's maternal grandfather, John Jones; Burnett had been squeezing his grandmother's chicks so hard he was likely to kill them, and his grandfather told him wolves would come and get him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blues historian <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Paul Oliver</a> wrote that Burnett once claimed to have been given his nickname by his idol <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1969150_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1969150-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burnett's parents separated when he was a year old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dock, who had worked seasonally as a farm laborer in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a>, moved there permanently while Jones and Burnett moved to <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Mississippi" title="Monroe County, Mississippi">Monroe County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jones and Burnett would sing together in the choir of the Life Boat Baptist Church near <a href="/wiki/Gibson,_Mississippi" title="Gibson, Mississippi">Gibson, Mississippi</a>, and Burnett would later claim that he got his musical talent from her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jones kicked Burnett out of the house, for unknown reasons, during the winter when he was a child.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the peak of his success, he returned from Chicago to see his mother in Mississippi and was driven to tears when she refused to take money offered by him, saying it was from his playing the "devil's music". </p><p>He moved in with his granduncle Will Young, who had a large household and treated him badly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046–7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046–7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in the Young household he worked almost all day and did not receive an education at the school house.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20048_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20048-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was thirteen, he killed one of Young's hogs in a rage after the hog had caused him to ruin his dress clothes;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this enraged Young who then whipped him while chasing him on a mule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411–12_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411–12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then ran away and claimed to have walked 85 miles (137 km) barefoot to join his father, where he finally found a happy home with his father's large family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this era he went by the name "John D." to dissociate himself from his past, a name by which several of his relatives would know him for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His physique garnered him the nicknames "Big Foot Chester" and "Bull Cow" as a young man: he was 6 feet 3 inches (191 cm) tall and weighed 275 pounds (125 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-SIZE_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIZE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_career">Musical career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Musical career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings,_1930s"><span id="Beginnings.2C_1930s"></span>Beginnings, 1930s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beginnings, 1930s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 15, 1928, at the age of 17, Burnett gathered enough money to buy his first guitar. It was a date that Burnett reportedly never forgot until "the day he died".<sup id="cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, Burnett met <a href="/wiki/Charley_Patton" title="Charley Patton">Charley Patton</a>, the most popular bluesman in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a> at the time. He would listen to Patton play nightly from outside a nearby <a href="/wiki/Juke_joint" title="Juke joint">juke joint</a>. There he remembered Patton playing "<a href="/wiki/Pony_Blues" title="Pony Blues">Pony Blues</a>", "<a href="/wiki/High_Water_Everywhere" title="High Water Everywhere">High Water Everywhere</a>", "A Spoonful Blues", and "Banty Rooster Blues". The two became acquainted, and soon Patton was teaching him guitar. Burnett recalled that "the first piece I ever played in my life was<span class="nowrap"> </span>... a tune about hook up my pony and saddle up my black mare"—Patton's "Pony Blues".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also learned about showmanship from Patton: "When he played his guitar, he would turn it over backwards and forwards, and throw it around over his shoulders, between his legs, throw it up in the sky".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He played with Patton often in small Delta communities<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200420_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200420-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would perform the guitar tricks he learned from him for the rest of his life. </p><p>Burnett was influenced by other popular blues performers of the time, including the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Sheiks" title="Mississippi Sheiks">Mississippi Sheiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blind_Lemon_Jefferson" title="Blind Lemon Jefferson">Blind Lemon Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Johnson_(musician)" title="Lonnie Johnson (musician)">Lonnie Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Red" title="Tampa Red">Tampa Red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blind_Blake" title="Blind Blake">Blind Blake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Johnson_(blues_musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tommy Johnson (blues musician)">Tommy Johnson</a>. Two of the earliest songs he mastered were Jefferson's "<a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(song)#.22Match_Box_Blues.22_history" title="Matchbox (song)">Match Box Blues</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Carr" title="Leroy Carr">Leroy Carr</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/How_Long,_How_Long_Blues" title="How Long, How Long Blues">How Long, How Long Blues</a>". The country singer Jimmie Rodgers was also an influence. Burnett tried to emulate Rodgers's "blue <a href="/wiki/Yodel" class="mw-redirect" title="Yodel">yodel</a>" but found that his efforts sounded more like a growl or a howl: "I couldn't do no yodelin', so I turned to howlin'. And it's done me just fine".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His harmonica playing was modeled after that of <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Boy_Williamson_II" title="Sonny Boy Williamson II">Sonny Boy Williamson II</a>, who taught him how to play when Burnett moved to <a href="/wiki/Parkin,_Arkansas" title="Parkin, Arkansas">Parkin, Arkansas</a>, in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1930s, Burnett performed in the South as a solo performer and with numerous blues musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Jones" title="Floyd Jones">Floyd Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Shines" title="Johnny Shines">Johnny Shines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honeyboy_Edwards" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeyboy Edwards">Honeyboy Edwards</a>, Sonny Boy Williamson II, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Johnson (musician)">Robert Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lockwood_Jr." title="Robert Lockwood Jr.">Robert Lockwood Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(musician)" title="Willie Brown (musician)">Willie Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_House" title="Son House">Son House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willie_Johnson_(guitarist)" title="Willie Johnson (guitarist)">Willie Johnson</a>. By the end of the decade, he was a fixture in clubs, with a harmonica and an early <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a>. It was around this time that Burnett got into some legal trouble in <a href="/wiki/Hughes,_Arkansas" title="Hughes, Arkansas">Hughes, Arkansas</a>: While he was in town, he tried to protect a female acquaintance from an angry boyfriend, and the two men fought, with Burnett killing the man with a <a href="/wiki/Hoe_(tool)" title="Hoe (tool)">hoe</a>. What happened after this is a matter of dispute; Burnett either fled the area, or did some jail time.<sup id="cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service,_1940s"><span id="Military_service.2C_1940s"></span>Military service, 1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military service, 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 9, 1941, he was inducted into the U.S. Army and was stationed at several bases around the country. Years later, he stated that the plantation workers in the Delta had alerted military authorities because he refused to work in the fields. He was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Cavalry Regiment">9th Cavalry Regiment</a>, which was famous for being one of the units dubbed "Buffalo Soldiers". Burnett was first sent to <a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas" title="Pine Bluff, Arkansas">Pine Bluff, Arkansas</a>, for basic training, and was given long hours performing menial work. Then he was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Blanding" title="Camp Blanding">Camp Blanding</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Starke,_Florida" title="Starke, Florida">Starke, Florida</a>, where he was assigned to the kitchen patrol. During the day he would cook food for the enlisted soldiers, and at night he would play the guitar in the assembly room. Burnett was later sent to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Gordon">Fort Gordon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and he would play his guitar on the steps of the mess hall, which is where a young <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a>, who came to the Fort nearly every day to earn money shining shoes and performing buck dances for the troops, first heard him play.<sup id="cite_ref-How_The_Wolf_Got_Caged_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_The_Wolf_Got_Caged-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burnett was then sent to a tutoring camp in <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>, where he was in charge of decoding communications. Because Burnett was functionally illiterate, having never received formal education, he was repeatedly beaten by the drill instructor for reading and spelling errors. Soon, he began having uncontrollable shaking fits, dizzy spells, fainting, and also began experiencing mental confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-Howling_Wolf_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howling_Wolf-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burnett participated in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a> in 1941, where one of the earliest photographs of him was taken cleaning the <a href="/wiki/Frog_(horse_anatomy)" title="Frog (horse anatomy)">frog</a> of a horse's hoof.<sup id="cite_ref-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, he was evaluated at an Army mental hospital. In November 1943, Burnett was found unfit for duty and given an honorable discharge on November 3. Recalling his experiences in the Army years later, Burnett stated, "The Army ain't no place for a black man. Jus' couldn't take all that bossin' around, I guess. The Wolf's his own boss."<sup id="cite_ref-Howling_Wolf_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howling_Wolf-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He returned to his family, which had recently moved near <a href="/wiki/West_Memphis,_Arkansas" title="West Memphis, Arkansas">West Memphis, Arkansas</a>, and helped with the farming while also performing, as he had done in the 1930s, with Floyd Jones and others. In 1948 he formed a band, which included the guitarists Willie Johnson and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Murphy_(blues_guitarist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt Murphy (blues guitarist)">Matt "Guitar" Murphy</a>, the harmonica player <a href="/wiki/Junior_Parker" title="Junior Parker">Junior Parker</a>, a pianist remembered only as "Destruction" and the drummer Willie Steele. Radio station <a href="/wiki/KWAM" title="KWAM">KWEM</a> in West Memphis began broadcasting his live performances, and he occasionally sat in with Williamson on <a href="/wiki/KFFA_(AM)" title="KFFA (AM)">KFFA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Arkansas" title="Helena, Arkansas">Helena, Arkansas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_recordings_and_initial_success,_1950s"><span id="First_recordings_and_initial_success.2C_1950s"></span>First recordings and initial success, 1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First recordings and initial success, 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951,19-year-old <a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a>, who was a freelance talent scout, heard Howlin' Wolf in West Memphis.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turner brought him to record several songs for <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> at Memphis Recording Service (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Sun_Studio" title="Sun Studio">Sun Studio</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Bihari_brothers" title="Bihari brothers">Bihari brothers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records" title="Modern Records">Modern Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips praised his singing, saying, "God, what it would be worth on film to see the fervour in that man's face when he sang. His eyes would light up, you'd see the veins come out on his neck and, buddy, there was nothing on his mind but that song.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sang with his damn soul." Howlin' Wolf quickly became a local celebrity and began working with a band that included the guitarists Willie Johnson and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hare" title="Pat Hare">Pat Hare</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a> had not yet been formed, so Phillips licensed his recording to <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollis199854_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollis199854-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Howlin' Wolf's first singles were issued by two different record companies in 1951: "<a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_at_Midnight" title="Moanin' at Midnight">Moanin' at Midnight</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/How_Many_More_Years" title="How Many More Years">How Many More Years</a>" released on Chess, "Riding in the Moonlight"/"Morning at Midnight," and "Passing By Blues"/"Crying at Daybreak" released on Modern's subsidiary <a href="/wiki/RPM_Records_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="RPM Records (USA)">RPM Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollis199854_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollis199854-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1951, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Chess" title="Leonard Chess">Leonard Chess</a> was able to secure Howlin' Wolf's contract,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the urging of Chess, he relocated to Chicago in late 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Chicago, Howlin' Wolf assembled a new band and recruited the Chicagoan <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams_(blues_musician)" title="Jody Williams (blues musician)">Jody Williams</a> from Memphis Slim's band as his first guitarist. Within a year he had persuaded the guitarist <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Sumlin" title="Hubert Sumlin">Hubert Sumlin</a> to leave Memphis and join him in Chicago; Sumlin's understated solos and surprisingly subtle phrasing perfectly complemented Burnett's huge voice. The lineup of the band changed often over the years. Wolf employed many different guitarists, both on recordings and in live performance, including Willie Johnson, Jody Williams, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Cooper_(guitarist)" title="Lee Cooper (guitarist)">Lee Cooper</a>, L.D. McGhee, <a href="/wiki/Otis_%22Big_Smokey%22_Smothers" title="Otis "Big Smokey" Smothers">Otis "Big Smokey" Smothers</a>, his brother <a href="/wiki/Little_Smokey_Smothers" title="Little Smokey Smothers">Little Smokey Smothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Rogers" title="Jimmy Rogers">Jimmy Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_(musician)" title="Abu Talib (musician)">Freddie Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a> and others. He was able to attract some of the best musicians available because of his policy, unusual among bandleaders, of paying his musicians well and on time, even including their <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment insurance">unemployment insurance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security contributions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of a couple of brief absences in the late 1950s, Sumlin remained a member of the band for the rest of Wolf's career and is the guitarist most often associated with the Howlin' Wolf sound. </p><p>Howlin' Wolf had a series of hits with songs written by <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>, who had been hired by the Chess brothers in 1950 as a songwriter. During that period, the competition between <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a> and Howlin' Wolf was intense. Dixon reported "Every once in a while Wolf would mention the fact that, 'Hey man, you wrote that song for Muddy. How come you won't write me one like that?' But when you'd write for him he wouldn't like it." So, Dixon decided to use reverse psychology on him, by introducing the songs to Wolf as written for Muddy, thus getting Wolf to accept them. </p><p>In the 1950s, Howlin' Wolf had five songs on the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> national R&B charts: "Moanin' at Midnight", "How Many More Years", "Who Will Be Next", "<a href="/wiki/Smokestack_Lightning" title="Smokestack Lightning">Smokestack Lightning</a>", and "I Asked for Water (She Gave Me Gasoline)".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first LP, <i><a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_in_the_Moonlight" title="Moanin' in the Moonlight">Moanin' in the Moonlight</a></i>, was released in 1959. As was standard practice during that time, it was a collection of previously released singles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Album_releases_and_European_tours,_1960s_and_1970s"><span id="Album_releases_and_European_tours.2C_1960s_and_1970s"></span>Album releases and European tours, 1960s and 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Album releases and European tours, 1960s and 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1960s, Howlin' Wolf recorded several songs that became his most famous, despite receiving no radio play: "<a href="/wiki/Wang_Dang_Doodle" title="Wang Dang Doodle">Wang Dang Doodle</a>", "Back Door Man", "Spoonful", "<a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">The Red Rooster</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Superstitious" title="I Ain't Superstitious">I Ain't Superstitious</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Goin%27_Down_Slow" title="Goin' Down Slow">Goin' Down Slow</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Killing_Floor_(Howlin%27_Wolf_song)" title="Killing Floor (Howlin' Wolf song)">Killing Floor</a>", many of which were written by <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>. Several became part of the repertoires of British and American rock groups, who further popularized them. Howlin' Wolf's second compilation album, <i><a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf_(album)" title="Howlin' Wolf (album)">Howlin' Wolf</a></i>—often called "the rocking chair album" from its cover illustration—was released in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">blues revival</a> in the 1950s and 1960s, black blues musicians found a new audience among white youths, and Howlin' Wolf was among the first to capitalize on it. He toured Europe in 1964 as part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Folk_Blues_Festival" title="American Folk Blues Festival">American Folk Blues Festival</a>, produced by the German promoters <a href="/wiki/Horst_Lippmann" title="Horst Lippmann">Horst Lippmann</a> and Fritz Rau.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, in that year, the <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a> recording of "Little Red Rooster" reached number one in the UK. In 1965, at the height of the British Invasion, the Stones came to America for an appearance on ABC-TV's rock music show, <i><a href="/wiki/Shindig!" title="Shindig!">Shindig!</a></i>. They insisted, as part of their appearing on the program, that Howlin' Wolf would be their special guest. With the Stones sitting at his feet, Wolf performed an empassioned version of "How Many More Years" with a few million people watching his network TV debut. <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Howlin' Wolf recorded albums with other established musicians starting with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Super_Blues_Band" title="The Super Super Blues Band">The Super Super Blues Band</a></i> (1968), which featured <a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a> and Muddy Waters. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Album" title="The Howlin' Wolf Album">The Howlin' Wolf Album</a></i> (1969) had psychedelic rock and free-jazz musicians like Gene Barge, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Cosey" title="Pete Cosey">Pete Cosey</a>, Roland Faulkner, <a href="/wiki/Morris_Jennings" title="Morris Jennings">Morris Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Satterfield" title="Louis Satterfield">Louis Satterfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stepney" title="Charles Stepney">Charles Stepney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Upchurch" title="Phil Upchurch">Phil Upchurch</a>.<i>The Howlin' Wolf Album</i>, like rival bluesman Muddy Waters's album <i><a href="/wiki/Electric_Mud" title="Electric Mud">Electric Mud</a></i>, was designed to appeal to the hippie audience.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album had an attention-getting cover: large black letters on a white background proclaiming "This is Howlin' Wolf's new album. He doesn't like it. He didn't like his electric guitar at first either." The album cover may have contributed to its poor sales. Chess co-founder <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Chess" title="Leonard Chess">Leonard Chess</a> admitted that the cover was a bad idea, saying, "I guess negativity isn't a good way to sell records. Who wants to hear that a musician doesn't like his own music?" </p><p>British rock musicians <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Stewart_(musician)" title="Ian Stewart (musician)">Ian Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Wyman" title="Bill Wyman">Bill Wyman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts" title="Charlie Watts">Charlie Watts</a> backed him for <a href="/wiki/The_London_Howlin%27_Wolf_Sessions" title="The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions">The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</a>, which proved more successful with British audiences than American.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last album<i><a href="/wiki/The_Back_Door_Wolf" title="The Back Door Wolf">The Back Door Wolf</a></i> (1973) was entirely composed of new material. It was recorded with musicians who regularly backed him on stage, including Hubert Sumlin, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Junior" title="Detroit Junior">Detroit Junior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_%22Blueblood%22_McMahon" title="Andrew "Blueblood" McMahon">Andrew "Blueblood" McMahon</a>, Chico Chism, Lafayette "Shorty" Gilbert and the bandleader, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Shaw" title="Eddie Shaw">Eddie Shaw</a>. The album is shorter than any other he recorded, a little more than 35 minutes, because of his declining health. </p><p>Wolf's last public performance was in November, 1975 at the <a href="/wiki/International_Amphitheatre" title="International Amphitheatre">International Amphitheatre</a> in Chicago. He shared the bill with <a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_King" title="Albert King">Albert King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luther_Allison" title="Luther Allison">Luther Allison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/O.V._Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="O.V. Wright">O.V. Wright</a>. Wolf reportedly gave an "unforgettable" performance, even crawling across the stage during the song, "Crawling King Snake." The crowd gave him a five-minute standing ovation. When he got off the stage after the concert was over, a team of paramedics had to revive him.<sup id="cite_ref-Howlin'_The_Blues_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howlin'_The_Blues-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry_and_legacy">Artistry and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Artistry and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_style">Musical style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Musical style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wolf is among the most influential blues musicians of the postwar years. He was at the forefront of transforming the rural acoustic blues of the South, to the electric, more urban blues of Chicago. When Wolf first formed his band in West Memphis, Arkansas, his sound was much more aggressive, with guitarist Willie Johnson's raucous, distorted guitar playing being the signature sound of his early recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-Willie_Johnson_was_born_98_years_ago_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willie_Johnson_was_born_98_years_ago-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Wolf switched guitarists and added Hubert Sumlin to his lineup, his sound became less aggressive with Sumlin adding "angular riffing" and "wild soloing". He also adopted the backbeat that Chicago blues was mainly known for.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The musician and critic <a href="/wiki/Cub_Koda" title="Cub Koda">Cub Koda</a> noted, "no one could match Howlin' Wolf for the singular ability to rock the house down to the foundation while simultaneously scaring its patrons out of its wits."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Producer <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> recalled, "When I heard Howlin' Wolf, I said, 'This is for me. This is where the soul of man never dies.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Sumlin was the main guitar player in Wolf's band, Wolf played a number of guitars himself throughout the years. He played a 1965 <a href="/wiki/Epiphone_Casino" title="Epiphone Casino">Epiphone Casino</a> on his musical tour in Europe, a <a href="/wiki/Fender_Coronado" title="Fender Coronado">Fender Coronado</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Firebird" title="Gibson Firebird">Gibson Firebird</a> V in the "Down in the Bottom" video recorded in 1966, a white <a href="/wiki/Fender_Stratocaster" title="Fender Stratocaster">Fender Stratocaster</a>, a Teisco Tre-100, and he also played a <a href="/wiki/Kay_K-161_ThinTwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay K-161 ThinTwin">Kay K-161 ThinTwin</a> in his earlier years. The Kay K-161 ThinTwin is currently residing in the <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame">Rock & Roll Hall of Fame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1980, Burnett was posthumously inducted into the Blues Foundation's <a href="/wiki/Blues_Hall_of_Fame" title="Blues Hall of Fame">Blues Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame">Rock & Roll Hall of Fame</a> as an early influence, and the Hall of Fame located in his hometown of <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Mississippi" title="West Point, Mississippi">West Point, Mississippi</a>, in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 17, 1994, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_the_United_States" title="List of people on the postage stamps of the United States">U.S. Postal Service</a> issued a 29 cent commemorative postage stamp depicting Howlin' Wolf. </p><p>On September 1, 2005, the Howlin' Wolf Blues Museum opened at 57 E. Westbrook Street in West Point, Mississippi. An annual festival is held there.<sup id="cite_ref-West_Point,_Mississippi_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_Point,_Mississippi-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Howlin' Wolf Foundation, a nonprofit corporation organized under the US tax code, section <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)#501" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a>, was established by Bettye Kelly to preserve and extend his legacy. The foundation's mission and goals include preserving blues music, providing scholarships for students to participate in music programs, and support for blues musicians and blues programs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The experimental rock band <a href="/wiki/Swans_(band)" title="Swans (band)">Swans</a> performs a song titled "Just A Little Boy (for Chester Burnett)" on their 2014 album <i><a href="/wiki/To_Be_Kind" title="To Be Kind">To Be Kind</a></i>. The song takes heavy blues inspiration and features lead singer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gira" title="Michael Gira">Michael Gira</a> vocalizing in a manner similar to Burnett's howling style.<sup id="cite_ref-This_Is_My_Sermon:_M_Gira_Of_Swans_Speaks_To_John_Doran_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-This_Is_My_Sermon:_M_Gira_Of_Swans_Speaks_To_John_Doran-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> ranked Howlin' Wolf at number 59 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.<sup id="cite_ref-SIZE_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIZE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett was noted for his disciplined approach to his personal finances. Having already achieved a measure of success in Memphis, he described himself as "the onliest one to drive himself up from the Delta" to Chicago, which he did, in his own car on the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_61" title="U.S. Route 61">Blues Highway</a> and with $4,000 in his pocket, a rare distinction for a black bluesman of the time. Although functionally illiterate into his forties, Burnett eventually returned to school, first to earn a <a href="/wiki/General_Educational_Development" title="General Educational Development">General Educational Development</a> (GED) diploma and later to study accounting and other business courses to help manage his career. </p><p>Burnett met his future wife, Lillie Handley (1925–2001), when she attended one of his performances at a Chicago club. She and her family were urban and educated and were not involved in what was considered the unsavory world of blues musicians. Nevertheless, he was attracted to her as soon as he saw her in the audience. He immediately pursued her and won her over. According to those who knew them, the couple remained deeply in love until his death. Together, they raised two daughters Betty and Barbara, Lillie's daughters from an earlier relationship. West Coast rapper <a href="/wiki/Skeme" title="Skeme">Skeme</a> is his great nephew, who was born 14 years after his death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After he married Lillie, who was able to manage his professional finances, he was so financially successful that he was able to offer band members not only a decent salary but benefits such as health insurance. This enabled him to hire his pick of available musicians and keep his band one of the best around. According to his stepdaughters, he was never financially extravagant (for instance, he drove a <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> station wagon rather than a more expensive, flashy car).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burnett's health began declining in the late 1960s. He suffered his first heart attack in 1969 as he and Hubert Sumlin were traveling to a show at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. He fell against the dashboard of the car he was riding in, and Sumlin, who was driving, pulled over and grabbed a two-by-four piece of wood that was lying in the road. Sumlin then rammed the wood into Burnett's back, which kick-started his heart.<sup id="cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three weeks later, while he was in Toronto for a gig, Burnett suffered additional heart and kidney problems, but refused an operation recommended by doctors, telling his wife that "he needed to keep working".<sup id="cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, Burnett was involved in a serious car accident that sent him flying through the windshield, which caused extensive damage to his kidneys. For the rest of his life, he received dialysis treatments every three days, which wife Lillie administered.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolf_Biography_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolf_Biography-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May that same year, while he was in the United Kingdom to record <i>The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</i>, his health problems worsened. A year later, Burnett suffered another heart attack, and his kidneys had failed. He also began suffering from high blood pressure as well. By May 1973, Burnett was back performing again.<sup id="cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bandleader, Eddie Shaw, was so concerned for Burnett's health that he limited him to performing six songs per concert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1976, Burnett checked into the <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hines_Jr._Veterans_Administration_Hospital" title="Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital">Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hines,_Illinois" title="Hines, Illinois">Hines, Illinois</a>, for kidney surgery. Three days before his death, a <a href="/wiki/Carcinoma" title="Carcinoma">carcinoma</a> was found in his brain. He died from a combination of the tumor, <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>, and kidney disease on January 10, 1976, at the age of 65.<sup id="cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Oakridge_Cemetery" title="Oakridge Cemetery">Oakridge Cemetery</a>, outside Chicago, in a plot in Section 18, on the east side of the road. His gravestone has an image of a guitar and harmonica etched into it.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972, Howlin' Wolf was awarded an honorary doctor of arts degree from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_Chicago" title="Columbia College Chicago">Columbia College</a> in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammy_Hall_of_Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Grammy Hall of Fame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, Wolf's recording of "Smokestack Lightning" was selected for a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Hall of Fame Award">Grammy Hall of Fame Award</a>, an award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old and have "qualitative or historical significance".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"><b>Howlin' Wolf <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> history</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Genre </th> <th>Label </th> <th>Year inducted </th></tr> <tr align="left"> <td>1956 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Smokestack_Lightning" title="Smokestack Lightning">Smokestack Lightning</a>" </td> <td>Blues (Single) </td> <td>Chess </td> <td>1999 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> listed three songs by Howlin' Wolf in its "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year recorded </th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1956 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Smokestack_Lightning" title="Smokestack Lightning">Smokestack Lightning</a>" </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1960 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Spoonful" title="Spoonful">Spoonful</a>" </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1961 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">The Red Rooster</a>" </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Blues_Foundation_Awards">The Blues Foundation Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Blues Foundation Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"><b>Howlin' Wolf: <a href="/wiki/Blues_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Blues Music Award">Blues Music Awards</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2004 </td> <td>Historical Blues Album of the Year </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Howlin%27_Wolf_Sessions" title="The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions">The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</a></i> </td> <td>Nominated </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1995 </td> <td>Reissue Album of the Year </td> <td><i>Ain't Gonna Be Your Dog</i> </td> <td>Nominated </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1992 </td> <td>Vintage or Reissue Blues Album—US or Foreign </td> <td><i>The Chess Box—Howlin' Wolf</i> </td> <td>Winner </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1990 </td> <td>Vintage/Reissue (Foreign) </td> <td><i>Memphis Days</i> </td> <td>Nominated </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1989 </td> <td>Vintage/Reissue Album (US) </td> <td><i>Cadillac Daddy</i> </td> <td>Nominated </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1988 </td> <td>Vintage/Reissue Album (Foreign) </td> <td><i>Killing Floor: Masterworks Vol. 5</i> </td> <td>Winner </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1987 </td> <td>Vintage/Reissue Album (US) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_in_the_Moonlight" title="Moanin' in the Moonlight">Moanin' in the Moonlight</a></i> </td> <td>Winner </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1981 </td> <td>Vintage or Reissue Album (Foreign) </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Folk_Blues" title="The Real Folk Blues">More Real Folk Blues</a></i> </td> <td>Nominated </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inductions">Inductions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Inductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"><b>Howlin' Wolf inductions</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Institution </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>Blues Hall of Fame </td> <td>Classic of Blues Recording: Album </td> <td><i>The Chess Box—Howlin' Wolf</i><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Memphis Music Hall of Fame">Memphis Music Hall of Fame</a> </td> <td>Musicians </td> <td>Inaugural class </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Musicians_Hall_of_Fame" title="Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame">Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame</a> </td> <td>Blues </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td>1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> </td> <td>Early influences </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blues_Hall_of_Fame" title="Blues Hall of Fame">Blues Hall of Fame</a> </td> <td>Musicians </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a more in depth discography, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wirz.de/music/howlwolf.htm">https://www.wirz.de/music/howlwolf.htm</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albums">Albums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Albums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1959: <i><a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_in_the_Moonlight" title="Moanin' in the Moonlight">Moanin' in the Moonlight</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess</a>) 1951–1958 recordings</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf_(album)" title="Howlin' Wolf (album)">Howlin' Wolf</a></i> (Chess) 1957–1962 recordings</li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Howling_Wolf_Sings_the_Blues" title="Howling Wolf Sings the Blues">Howling Wolf Sings the Blues</a></i> (Crown) 1951–1952 RPM recordings</li> <li>1965: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Folk_Blues_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="The Real Folk Blues (Howlin' Wolf album)">The Real Folk Blues</a></i> (Chess) 1956–1965 recordings</li> <li>1967: <i><a href="/wiki/More_Real_Folk_Blues_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="More Real Folk Blues (Howlin' Wolf album)">More Real Folk Blues</a></i> (Chess) 1953–1956 recordings</li> <li>1968: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Super_Blues_Band" title="The Super Super Blues Band">The Super Super Blues Band</a></i> (Chess) with <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li>1969: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Album" title="The Howlin' Wolf Album">The Howlin' Wolf Album</a></i> (Cadet Concept)</li> <li>1971: <i><a href="/wiki/Message_to_the_Young" title="Message to the Young">Message to the Young</a></i> (Chess)</li> <li>1971: <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Howlin%27_Wolf_Sessions" title="The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions">The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</a></i> (Chess)</li> <li>1972: <i>Chester Burnett A.K.A. Howlin' Wolf</i> (Chess) 1951–1965 recordings</li> <li>1972: <i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Cookin%27" title="Live and Cookin'">Live and Cookin'</a></i> (Chess)</li> <li>1973: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Back_Door_Wolf" title="The Back Door Wolf">The Back Door Wolf</a></i> (Chess)</li> <li>1974: <i>London Revisited</i> (Chess) split album with Muddy Waters</li> <li>1975: <i>Change My Way</i> (Chess) 1958–1966 recordings</li> <li>1977: <i>The Legendary Sun Performers: Howlin' Wolf</i> (Charly)</li> <li>1979: <i>Heart Like Railroad Steel (Memphis & Chicago Blues 1951–57)</i> (Blues Ball)</li> <li>1979: <i>Can't Put Me Out (Chicago 1956–72, Volume II)</i> (Blues Ball)</li> <li>1984: <i>Muddy & the Wolf</i> (Chess) split album with Muddy Waters</li> <li>1984: <i>His Greatest Sides, Volume One</i> (Chess)</li> <li>1991: <i>The Chess Box—Howlin' Wolf</i> (Chess/MCA)</li> <li>1991: <i>Howlin' Wolf Rides Again</i> (Flair/Virgin)</li> <li>1994: <i>Ain't Gonna Be Your Dog (Chess Collectibles, Vol. 2)</i> (Chess/MCA)</li> <li>1997: <i><a href="/wiki/His_Best_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="His Best (Howlin' Wolf album)">His Best</a></i> (Chess/MCA); reissued as <i>The Definitive Collection</i> (Geffen, 2007)</li> <li>1999: <i>His Best, Vol. 2</i> (Chess/MCA)</li> <li>2011: <i>Smokestack Lightning (The Complete Chess Masters 1951–1960)</i> (Hip-O Select/Geffen)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singles">Singles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Singles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="1">Year </th> <th rowspan="1">Titles (A-side, B-side)<br /><small>Both sides from same album except where indicated</small> </th> <th>Label & Cat No. </th> <th width="40"><small><a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">US R&B</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="1">Album </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1951 </td> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/How_Many_More_Years" title="How Many More Years">How Many More Years</a>" </td> <td rowspan="2">Chess 1479 </td> <td align="center">4 </td> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">/ "<a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_at_Midnight" title="Moanin' at Midnight">Moanin' at Midnight</a>" </td> <td align="center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Riding in the Moonlight"<br /><small>b/w "Morning at Midnight"</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RPM_Records_(United_States)" title="RPM Records (United States)">RPM</a> 333 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Howling Wolf Sings the Blues</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Passing By Blues"<br /><small>b/w "Crying at Daybreak" (from <i>Howling Wolf Sings the Blues</i>)</small> <p><small>[note: "Crying at Daybreak" would later became famous as "Smokestack Lightning"]</small> </p> </td> <td>RPM 340 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="6">Non-album tracks </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1952 </td> <td align="left">"The Wolf Is at Your Door"<br /><small>b/w "Howlin' Wolf Boogie"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1497 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"My Baby Stole Off"<br /><small>b/w "I Want Your Picture"</small> </td> <td>RPM 347 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Gettin' Old and Grey"<br /><small>b/w "Mr. Highway Man"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1510 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Saddle My Pony"<br /><small>b/w "Worried All the Time"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1515 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1953 </td> <td align="left">"Oh, Red!"<br /><small>b/w "My Last Affair"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1528 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"All Night Boogie"<br /><small>b/w "I Love My Baby" (from <i>More Real Folk Blues</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1557 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="3"><i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1954 </td> <td align="left">"No Place to Go"<br /><small>b/w "Rockin' Daddy" (from <i>More Real Folk Blues</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1566 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Baby How Long"<br /><small>b/w "Evil Is Goin' On"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1575 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"I'll Be Around"<br /><small>b/w "Forty Four" (from <i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1584 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><i>More Real Folk Blues</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1955 </td> <td align="left">"Who Will Be Next"<br /><small>b/w "I Have a Little Girl"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1593 </td> <td align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Come to Me Baby"<br /><small>b/w "Don't Mess with My Baby"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1607 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left">Non-album tracks </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1956 </td> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/Smokestack_Lightning" title="Smokestack Lightning">Smokestack Lightning</a>"<br /><small>b/w "You Can't Be Beat" (from <i>More Real Folk Blues</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1618 </td> <td align="center">8 </td> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"I Asked for Water"<br /><small>b/w "So Glad" (non-album track)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1632 </td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1957 </td> <td align="left">"Going Back Home"<br /><small>b/w "My Life"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1648 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left">Non-album tracks </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Somebody in My Home"<br /><small>b/w "Nature" (from <i>The Real Folk Blues</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1668 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1958 </td> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/Sitting_on_Top_of_the_World" title="Sitting on Top of the World">Sitting on Top of the World</a>"<br /><small>b/w "Poor Boy"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1679 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>The Real Folk Blues</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"I Didn't Know"<br /><small>b/w "Moanin' for My Baby" (from <i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1695 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Change My Way</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"I'm Leaving You"<br /><small>b/w "Change My Way" (from <i>Change My Way</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1712 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Moanin' in the Moonlight</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1959 </td> <td align="left">"I Better Go Now"<br /><small>b/w "Howlin' Blues"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1726 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><i>Change My Way</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"I've Been Abused"<br /><small>b/w "Mr. Airplane Man"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1735 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"The Natchez Burning"<br /><small>b/w "You Gonna Wreck My Life" (from <i>More Real Folk Blues</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1744 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>The Real Folk Blues</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1960 </td> <td align="left">"Tell Me"<br /><small>b/w "Who's Been Talking"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1750 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="6"><i>Howlin' Wolf</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/Spoonful" title="Spoonful">Spoonful</a>"<br /><small>b/w "Howlin' for My Darling"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1762 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1961 </td> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/Wang_Dang_Doodle" title="Wang Dang Doodle">Wang-Dang Doodle</a>"<br /><small>b/w "<a href="/wiki/Back_Door_Man" title="Back Door Man">Back Door Man</a>"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1777 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Down in the Bottom"<br /><small>b/w "Little Baby"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1793 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">The Red Rooster</a>"<br /><small>b/w "Shake for Me"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1804 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1962 </td> <td align="left">"You'll Be Mine"<br /><small>b/w "Goin' Down Slow"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1813 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"<a href="/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Superstitious" title="I Ain't Superstitious">I Ain't Superstitious</a>"<br /><small>b/w "Just Like I Treat You"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1823 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Change My Way</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Mama's Baby"<br /><small>b/w "Do the Do" (from <i>Change My Way</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1844 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left">Non-album track </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td align="left">"Three Hundred Pounds of Joy"<br /><small>b/w "Built for Comfort"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1870 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>The Real Folk Blues</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1964 </td> <td align="left">"Hidden Charms"<br /><small>b/w "Tail Dragger" (from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Folk_Blues_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="The Real Folk Blues (Howlin' Wolf album)">The Real Folk Blues</a></i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1890 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Change My Way</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"My Country Sugar Mama"<br /><small>b/w "Love Me Darling" (from <i>Change My Way</i>)</small> </td> <td>Chess 1911 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="3"><i>The Real Folk Blues</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1965 </td> <td align="left">"Louise"<br /><small>b/w "<a href="/wiki/Killing_Floor_(Howlin%27_Wolf_song)" title="Killing Floor (Howlin' Wolf song)">Killing Floor</a>"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1923 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Tell Me What I've Done"<br /><small>b/w "Ooh Baby"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1928 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">"Don't Laugh at Me"<br /><small>b/w "I Walked from Dallas"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1945 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><i>Change My Way</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td align="left">"New Crawling King Snake"<br /><small>b/w "My Mind Is Ramblin'"</small> </td> <td>Chess 1968 </td> <td align="center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td align="left">"Pop It to Me"<br /><small>b/w "I Had a Dream"</small> </td> <td>Chess 2009 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left">Non-album tracks </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td align="left">"Evil (Is Goin' On)" [remake]<br /><small>b/w "Tail Dragger" [remake]</small> </td> <td>Cadet Concept 7013 </td> <td align="center">43 </td> <td align="left"><i>The Howlin' Wolf Album</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td align="left">"Mary Sue"<br /><small>b/w "Hard Luck"</small> </td> <td>Chess 2081 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left">Non-album tracks </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td align="left">"I Smell a Rat"<br /><small>b/w "Just As Long"</small> </td> <td>Chess 2108 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>Message to the Young</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td align="left">"Do the Do" [remake]<br /><small>b/w "The Red Rooster" [remake]</small> </td> <td>Chess 2118 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td align="left">"Coon on the Moon"<br /><small>b/w "The Back Door Wolf"</small> </td> <td>Chess 2145 </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="left"><i>The Back Door Wolf</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sessionography">Sessionography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sessionography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman2004Sessionography_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman2004Sessionography-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Date</th> <th>Studio</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td>Baby Ride with Me</td> <td>Early 1951</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Audition session </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ridin' in the Moonlight</td> <td>Early 1951</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Audition session </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baby Ride with Me (Ridin' in the Moonlight)</td> <td>1951-14-05</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>How Many More Years</td> <td>1951-14-05</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>How Many More Years</td> <td>1951-00-07</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1479 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moanin' at Midnight</td> <td>1951-00-07</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1479 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baby Ride with Me (Ridin' in the Moonlight)</td> <td>1951-00-09</td> <td>KWEM</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td>RPM 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dog Me Around</td> <td>1951-00-09</td> <td>KWEM</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Morning at Midnight</td> <td>1951-00-09</td> <td>KWEM</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td>RPM 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Keep What You Got</td> <td>1951-00-09</td> <td>KWEM</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Passing By Blues</td> <td>1951-10-02</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td>RPM 340 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crying at Daybreak</td> <td>1951-10-02</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td>RPM 340 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Baby Stole Off</td> <td>1951-10-02</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td>RPM 347 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Want Your Picture</td> <td>1951-10-02</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td>RPM 347 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howlin' Wolf Boogie</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1497 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California Blues #1</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>California Boogie</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Look-a-Here Baby</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Wolf Is at Your Door (Howlin' for My Baby)</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1497 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smile at Me</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Worried All the Time</td> <td>1951-12-18</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1515 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mr. Highway Man (Cadillac Daddy)</td> <td>1952-01-23</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1510 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Troubles and Me</td> <td>1952-01-23</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Getting Old and Grey</td> <td>1952-01-23</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1510 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Baby Walked Off</td> <td>1952-01-23</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chocolate Drop</td> <td>1952-01-23</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>House Rockin' Boogie</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brown Skin Woman</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Worried About My Baby</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Driving This Highway</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Sun Is Rising</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Friends</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'm the Wolf</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Passing the Blues</td> <td>1952-02-12</td> <td>Private home</td> <td>West Memphis, AR</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Everybody's in the Mood (All in the Mood)</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Color and Kind</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bluebird</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saddle My Pony</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1515 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dorothy Mae</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweet Woman (I've Got a Woman)</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Well) That's All Right</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Decoration Day</td> <td>1952-04-17</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oh Red</td> <td>1952-10-07</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1528 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Last Affair</td> <td>1952-10-07</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Chess 1528 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Come Back Home</td> <td>1952-10-07</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Drinkin' C.V. Wine Blues</td> <td>1952-10-07</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I've Got a Woman</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-09-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Just My Kind</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-09-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Work for Your Money</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-09-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'm Not Joking</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-09-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mama Died and Left Me</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-09-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Highway My Friend</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hold Your Money</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Streamline Woman</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California Blues #2</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stay Here Till My Baby Comes Back</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crazy About You Baby</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>All Night Boogie</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28; Chess 1557 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Love My Baby</td> <td>1953</td> <td>Memphis Recording Service</td> <td>Memphis, TN</td> <td>Mastered on 1953-10-28; Chess 1557 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No Place to Go</td> <td>1954-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>You Gonna Wreck My Life</td> <td>1954-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1744 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Neighbors</td> <td>1954-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'm the Wolf</td> <td>1954-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rockin' Daddy</td> <td>1954-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baby How Long</td> <td>1954-05-25</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1575 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Evil</td> <td>1954-05-25</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1575 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'll Be Around</td> <td>1954-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1584 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Forty Four</td> <td>1954-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1584 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Who Will Be Next</td> <td>1955-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1593 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Have a Little Girl</td> <td>1955-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1593 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Come to Me Baby</td> <td>1955-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1607 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don't Mess with My Baby</td> <td>1955-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1607 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smokestack Lightning</td> <td>1956-01</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1618 </td></tr> <tr> <td>You Can't Be Beat</td> <td>1956-01</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1618 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Asked for Water</td> <td>1956-07-19</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1632 </td></tr> <tr> <td>So Glad</td> <td>1956-07-19</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1632 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Break of Day</td> <td>1956-07-19</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Natchez Burnin'</td> <td>1956-07-19</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1744 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Going Back Home</td> <td>1956-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1648 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bluebird</td> <td>1956-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Life</td> <td>1956-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1648 </td></tr> <tr> <td>You Ought to Know</td> <td>1956-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Who's Been Talking?</td> <td>1957-06-24</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tell Me</td> <td>1957-06-24</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somebody in My Home</td> <td>1957-06-24</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1668 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nature</td> <td>1957-06-24</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1668 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Walk to Camp Hall</td> <td>1957-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poor Boy</td> <td>1957-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1679 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Baby Told Me</td> <td>1957-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sittin' on Top of the World</td> <td>1957-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1679 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Didn't Know</td> <td>1958-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howlin' Blues (I'm Going Away)</td> <td>1958-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Better Go Now</td> <td>1958-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Didn't Know (rerecorded)</td> <td>1958-04-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1695 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moaning for My Baby</td> <td>1958-04-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1695 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Midnight Blues</td> <td>1958-04-03</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'm Leavin' You</td> <td>1958-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>You Can't Put Me Out</td> <td>1958-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Change My Way</td> <td>1958-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1712 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Getting Late</td> <td>1958-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I've Been Abused</td> <td>1959-07</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1735 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howlin' for My Darling</td> <td>1959-07</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My People's Gone</td> <td>1959-07</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mr. Airplane Man</td> <td>1959-07</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1735 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wolf in the Mood</td> <td>1959-07</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wang Dang Doodle</td> <td>1960-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1777 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Back Door Man</td> <td>1960-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1777 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spoonful</td> <td>1960-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Down in the Bottom</td> <td>1961-05</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1793 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Little Baby</td> <td>1961-05</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1793 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shake for Me</td> <td>1961-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1804 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Red Rooster</td> <td>1961-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1804 </td></tr> <tr> <td>You'll Be Mine</td> <td>1961-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1813 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Just Like I Treat You</td> <td>1961-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1823 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Ain't Superstitious</td> <td>1961-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1823 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goin' Down Slow</td> <td>1961-12</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1813 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mama's Baby</td> <td>1962-09-27,28</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1844 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do the Do</td> <td>1962-09-27,28</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1844 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tail Dragger</td> <td>1962-09-27,28</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1890 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long Green Stuff</td> <td>1962-09-27,28</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidden Charms</td> <td>1963-08-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1890 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three Hundred Pounds of Joy</td> <td>1963-08-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1870 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joy to My Soul</td> <td>1963-08-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Built for Comfort</td> <td>1963-08-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1870 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Love Me Darlin'</td> <td>1964-08</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1911 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Killing Floor</td> <td>1964-08</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1923 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Country Sugar Mama</td> <td>1964-08</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1911 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louise</td> <td>1964-08</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1923 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Walked from Dallas</td> <td>1965-04-15</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tell Me What I've Done</td> <td>1965-04-15</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don't Laugh at Me</td> <td>1965-04-15</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ooh Baby</td> <td>1965-04-15</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poor Wind That Never Change</td> <td>1966-04-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Crawlin' King Snake</td> <td>1966-04-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My Mind Is Ramblin'</td> <td>1966-04-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commit a Crime</td> <td>1966-04-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pop It to Me</td> <td>1967-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Had a Dream</td> <td>1967-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dust My Broom</td> <td>1967-06</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long Distance Call</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ooh Baby/Wrecking My Love Life</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweet Little Angel</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spoonful</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diddley Daddy</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Red Rooster</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goin' Down Slow</td> <td>1967-09</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spoonful</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tail Dragger</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smokestack Lightnin'</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moanin' at Midnight</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Built for Comfort</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Red Rooster</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Evil</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Down in the Bottom</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three Hundred Pounds of Joy</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Back Door Man</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I'm the Wolf</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rollin' and Tumblin'</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Howlin Wolf interview</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Ain't Gonna Be Your Dog No More</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Woke Up This Morning</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ain't Going Down That Dirt Road</td> <td>1968-11</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mary Sue</td> <td>1969-07-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 2081 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hard Luck</td> <td>1969-07-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td>Chess 2081 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Big House</td> <td>1969-07-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tired of Crying</td> <td>1969-07-14</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Want to Have a Word with You</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goin' Down Slow</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Ain't Superstitious</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rockin' Daddy</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poor Boy</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wang Dang Doodle</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sittin' on Top of the World</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do the Do</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Highway 49</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Commit a Crime</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Worried About My Baby</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Built for Comfort</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Who's Been Talking?</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Red Rooster</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Killing Floor</td> <td>1970-05-02 through 07</td> <td>Olympic Studios</td> <td>London</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>If I Were a Bird</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Message</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Smell a Rat</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miss James</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Message to the Young</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>She's Looking Good</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Just As Long</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Romance Without Finance</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turn Me On</td> <td>1971-10</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moving</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coon on the Moon</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Speak Now Woman</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trying to Forget You</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stop Using Me</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leave Here Walking</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Back Door Wolf</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>You Turn Slick on Me</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Watergate Blues</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Can't Stay Here</td> <td>1973-08-14,17</td> <td>Chess Studios</td> <td>Chicago, IL</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Howlin'_Wolf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKoda" class="citation web cs1">Koda, Cub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/howlin-wolf-mn0000276085">"Howlin' Wolf"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf&rft.aulast=Koda&rft.aufirst=Cub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fhowlin-wolf-mn0000276085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-500_Songs_That_Shaped_Rock_and_Roll-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-500_Songs_That_Shaped_Rock_and_Roll_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2018" class="citation web cs1">Whitaker, Dave (April 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davesmusicdatabase.blogspot.com/2004/11/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-500-songs.html">"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll"</a>. <i>Dave's Music Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dave%27s+Music+Database&rft.atitle=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame%3A+Songs+That+Shaped+Rock+and+Roll&rft.date=2018-04-14&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavesmusicdatabase.blogspot.com%2F2004%2F11%2Frock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-500-songs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231">"The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. No. 946. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+100+Greatest+Artists+of+All+Time&rft.issue=946&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Flists%2F100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20044_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20045_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliver1969150-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliver1969150_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliver1969">Oliver 1969</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046–7-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20046–7_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, pp. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20048-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman20048_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411–12-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200411–12_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, pp. 11–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200415_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIZE-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIZE_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIZE_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/howlin-wolf-3-1234643109/">"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. January 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+200+Greatest+Singers+of+All+Time&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Fbest-singers-all-time-1234642307%2Fhowlin-wolf-3-1234643109%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_and_Times_of_Howlin'_Wolf_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2010" class="citation web cs1">Mitchell, Ed (June 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/the-life-and-times-of-howlin-wolf-254631">"The life and times of Howlin' Wolf"</a>. <i>MusicRadar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MusicRadar&rft.atitle=The+life+and+times+of+Howlin%27+Wolf&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicradar.com%2Fnews%2Fguitars%2Fthe-life-and-times-of-howlin-wolf-254631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200419_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200420-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman200420_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gifford, Barry (1968). "Couldn't Do No Yodeling, So I Turned to Howlin'." <i>Rolling Stone</i>, August 24, 1968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalone2014" class="citation book cs1">Malone, Bill C. (February 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AOynAgAAQBAJ&q=Sonny+Boy+Williamson+II+howlin+wolf+harmonica&pg=PA194"><i>The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 12: Music</i></a>. UNC Press Books. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-1666-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-1666-7"><bdi>978-1-4696-1666-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Southern+Culture%3A+Volume+12%3A+Music&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-1666-7&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Bill+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAOynAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DSonny%2BBoy%2BWilliamson%2BII%2Bhowlin%2Bwolf%2Bharmonica%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelkyKeckhaver2013" class="citation book cs1">Welky, Ali; Keckhaver, Mike (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bX2TAAAAQBAJ&q=Parkin%2C+Arkansas%2C+in+1933+howlin+wolf&pg=PA112"><i>Encyclopedia of Arkansas Music</i></a>. University of Arkansas Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935106-60-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935106-60-9"><bdi>978-1-935106-60-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arkansas+Music&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=University+of+Arkansas+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-935106-60-9&rft.aulast=Welky&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Keckhaver%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbX2TAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DParkin%252C%2BArkansas%252C%2Bin%2B1933%2Bhowlin%2Bwolf%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howlin'_Wolf,_1910-1976_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamplugh2018" class="citation web cs1">Lamplugh, George (April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgelamplugh.com/2018/04/01/howlin-wolf1910-1976-his-life-his-times-his-blues-blues-stories-27/">"Howlin' Wolf, 1910-1976: His Life, His Times, His Blues"</a>. <i>Retired But Not Shy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retired+But+Not+Shy&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf%2C+1910-1976%3A+His+Life%2C+His+Times%2C+His+Blues&rft.date=2018-04&rft.aulast=Lamplugh&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgelamplugh.com%2F2018%2F04%2F01%2Fhowlin-wolf1910-1976-his-life-his-times-his-blues-blues-stories-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-How_The_Wolf_Got_Caged-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-How_The_Wolf_Got_Caged_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Clair2019" class="citation web cs1">St. Clair, Jeffrey (May 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2019/05/24/the-army-aint-no-place-for-a-black-man-how-the-wolf-got-caged/">"The Army Ain't No Place for a Black Man"</a>. <i>CounterPunch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CounterPunch&rft.atitle=The+Army+Ain%27t+No+Place+for+a+Black+Man&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=St.+Clair&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterpunch.org%2F2019%2F05%2F24%2Fthe-army-aint-no-place-for-a-black-man-how-the-wolf-got-caged%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howling_Wolf-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howling_Wolf_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howling_Wolf_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicinthegreentime.com/howling-wolf/">"Howling Wolf"</a>. <i>Medic in the Green Time</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medic+in+the+Green+Time&rft.atitle=Howling+Wolf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicinthegreentime.com%2Fhowling-wolf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10_Things_You_Didn't_Know_About_Howlin'_Wolf_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNash2021" class="citation web cs1">Nash, JD (June 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719214318/https://www.americanbluesscene.com/2021/06/10-things-didnt-know-howlin-wolf/">"10 Things You Didn't Know About Howlin' Wolf"</a>. <i>American Blues Scene</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanbluesscene.com/2021/06/10-things-didnt-know-howlin-wolf/">the original</a> on July 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Blues+Scene&rft.atitle=10+Things+You+Didn%27t+Know+About+Howlin%27+Wolf&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=JD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanbluesscene.com%2F2021%2F06%2F10-things-didnt-know-howlin-wolf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvin1997" class="citation news cs1">Selvin, Joel (September 14, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/music/popquiz/article/POP-QUIZ-Q-A-With-Ike-Turner-2807610.php">"POP QUIZ -- Q & A With Ike Turner"</a>. <i>SFGATE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFGATE&rft.atitle=POP+QUIZ+--+Q+%26+A+With+Ike+Turner&rft.date=1997-09-14&rft.aulast=Selvin&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fmusic%2Fpopquiz%2Farticle%2FPOP-QUIZ-Q-A-With-Ike-Turner-2807610.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arhoolie.org/howlin-wolf-interview-2/">"Howlin' Wolf Interview"</a>. <i>The Arhoolie Foundation</i>. April 20, 1967<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arhoolie+Foundation&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+Interview&rft.date=1967-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farhoolie.org%2Fhowlin-wolf-interview-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109044148/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/howlin-wolf/biography">"Howlin' Wolf Bio"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/howlin-wolf/biography">the original</a> on January 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+Bio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fartists%2Fhowlin-wolf%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2007_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphrey2007">Humphrey 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzatmary1996" class="citation book cs1">Szatmary, David P. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTjaAAAAMAAJ&q=God,+what+it+would+be+worth+on+film+to+see+the+fervour+in+that+man's+face+when+he+sang.+His+eyes+would+light+up,+you'd+see+the+veins+come+out+on+his+neck+and,+buddy,+there+was+nothing+on+his+mind+but+that+song."><i>A Time to Rock: A Social History of Rock and Roll</i></a>. Schirmer Books. p. 1645. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864670-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864670-1"><bdi>978-0-02-864670-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Time+to+Rock%3A+A+Social+History+of+Rock+and+Roll&rft.pages=1645&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-02-864670-1&rft.aulast=Szatmary&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTjaAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DGod%2C%2Bwhat%2Bit%2Bwould%2Bbe%2Bworth%2Bon%2Bfilm%2Bto%2Bsee%2Bthe%2Bfervour%2Bin%2Bthat%2Bman%27s%2Bface%2Bwhen%2Bhe%2Bsang.%2BHis%2Beyes%2Bwould%2Blight%2Bup%2C%2Byou%27d%2Bsee%2Bthe%2Bveins%2Bcome%2Bout%2Bon%2Bhis%2Bneck%2Band%2C%2Bbuddy%2C%2Bthere%2Bwas%2Bnothing%2Bon%2Bhis%2Bmind%2Bbut%2Bthat%2Bsong.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollis199854-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollis199854_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollis199854_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollis1998">Collis 1998</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Chess, Biharis Skirmish; This Time Over Wolf". <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. December 22, 1951. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Chess%2C+Biharis+Skirmish%3B+This+Time+Over+Wolf&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1951-12-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyers2012161_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSawyers2012">Sawyers 2012</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2012" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Mark (July 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howlinwolf.com/articles/bio_2.htm">"Howlin' Wolf Biography, Part 2"</a>. <i>Howlinwolf.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Howlinwolf.com&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+Biography%2C+Part+2&rft.date=2012-07-18&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howlinwolf.com%2Farticles%2Fbio_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitburn1988197–198_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitburn1988">Whitburn 1988</a>, pp. 197–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Campilongo2022" class="citation web cs1">Jim Campilongo (July 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guitarplayer.com/players/why-howlin-wolfs-landmark-rockin-chair-album-remains-one-of-the-greatest-blues-records-of-all-time">"Why Howlin' Wolf's Landmark 'Rockin' Chair Album' Remains One of the Greatest Blues Records of All Time"</a>. <i>Guitar Player</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guitar+Player&rft.atitle=Why+Howlin%27+Wolf%27s+Landmark+%27Rockin%27+Chair+Album%27+Remains+One+of+the+Greatest+Blues+Records+of+All+Time&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft.au=Jim+Campilongo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guitarplayer.com%2Fplayers%2Fwhy-howlin-wolfs-landmark-rockin-chair-album-remains-one-of-the-greatest-blues-records-of-all-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2005" class="citation book cs1">Romano, Will (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mUn5sz5RWRwC&dq=American+Folk+Blues+Festival+howlin+wolf+1964&pg=PA74"><i>Incurable Blues: The Troubles & Triumph of Blues Legend Hubert Sumlin</i></a>. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 74–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-833-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-833-9"><bdi>978-0-87930-833-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Incurable+Blues%3A+The+Troubles+%26+Triumph+of+Blues+Legend+Hubert+Sumlin&rft.pages=74-75&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-833-9&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmUn5sz5RWRwC%26dq%3DAmerican%2BFolk%2BBlues%2BFestival%2Bhowlin%2Bwolf%2B1964%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.nepr.net/music/2016/06/10/howlin-wolf-on-shindig/">"Howlin' Wolf on Shindig!"</a>. <i>New England Public Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+England+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+on+Shindig%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.nepr.net%2Fmusic%2F2016%2F06%2F10%2Fhowlin-wolf-on-shindig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManrique2022" class="citation web cs1">Manrique, Diego A. (November 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-11-14/howlin-wolf-and-muddy-waters-sitting-on-top-of-the-world.html">"Howlin' Wolf and Muddy Waters: Sitting on top of the world"</a>. <i>EL PAÍS English</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EL+PA%C3%8DS+English&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+and+Muddy+Waters%3A+Sitting+on+top+of+the+world&rft.date=2022-11-14&rft.aulast=Manrique&rft.aufirst=Diego+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fculture%2F2022-11-14%2Fhowlin-wolf-and-muddy-waters-sitting-on-top-of-the-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howlin'_The_Blues-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Howlin'_The_Blues_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraper2018" class="citation web cs1">Draper, Don (June 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donstunes.com/howlin-wolf/">"Howlin' Wolf – Howlin' the Blues, The Story of a Blues Giant"</a>. <i>Don's Tunes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Don%27s+Tunes&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+%E2%80%93+Howlin%27+the+Blues%2C+The+Story+of+a+Blues+Giant&rft.date=2018-06-10&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donstunes.com%2Fhowlin-wolf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willie_Johnson_was_born_98_years_ago-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willie_Johnson_was_born_98_years_ago_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeacham" class="citation web cs1">Beacham, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beachamjournal.com/journal/2021/03/willie-johnson-was-born-98-years-ago-today.html">"Willie Johnson was born 98 years ago today"</a>. <i>Frank Beacham's Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frank+Beacham%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Willie+Johnson+was+born+98+years+ago+today&rft.aulast=Beacham&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beachamjournal.com%2Fjournal%2F2021%2F03%2Fwillie-johnson-was-born-98-years-ago-today.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachrock.org/people/howlin-wolf/">"Howlin' Wolf"</a>. <i>TeachRock</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic.com&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+%E2%80%93+Artist+Biography&rft.aulast=Koda&rft.aufirst=Cub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp60993%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Story_%E2%80%93_The_Secret_History_of_Rock_%26_Roll" title="The Howlin' Wolf Story – The Secret History of Rock & Roll">The Howlin' Wolf Story – The Secret History of Rock & Roll</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://equipboard.com/pros/howlin-wolf">"Howlin' Wolf"</a>. <i>Equipboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+%26+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf&rft.aulast=Guralnick&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fhowlin-wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West_Point,_Mississippi-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-West_Point,_Mississippi_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpnet.org/index.php/attractions/howlin_wolf/blues_festival">"West Point, Mississippi"</a>. <i>West Point</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howlinwolffoundation.org/index.php/the-foundation/mission-goal">the original</a> on February 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Howlinwolffoundation.org&rft.atitle=Mission+%26+Goal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howlinwolffoundation.org%2Findex.php%2Fthe-foundation%2Fmission-goal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-This_Is_My_Sermon:_M_Gira_Of_Swans_Speaks_To_John_Doran-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-This_Is_My_Sermon:_M_Gira_Of_Swans_Speaks_To_John_Doran_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thequietus.com/articles/15163-michael-gira-swans-to-be-kind-interview">"This Is My Sermon: M Gira Of Swans Speaks To John Doran"</a>. <i>The Quietus</i>. May 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Quietus&rft.atitle=This+Is+My+Sermon%3A+M+Gira+Of+Swans+Speaks+To+John+Doran&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthequietus.com%2Farticles%2F15163-michael-gira-swans-to-be-kind-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunrecords.com/artists/howlin-wolf">"Howlin' Wolf – Sun Record Company"</a>. <i>Sunrecords.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sunrecords.com&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+%E2%80%93+Sun+Record+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunrecords.com%2Fartists%2Fhowlin-wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolf_Biography-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolf_Biography_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2012" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Mark (July 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howlinwolf.com/articles/bio_3.htm">"Howlin' Wolf Biography, Part 3"</a>. <i>Howlinwolf.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Howlinwolf.com&rft.atitle=Howlin%27+Wolf+Biography%2C+Part+3&rft.date=2012-07-18&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howlinwolf.com%2Farticles%2Fbio_3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanton2003" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Scott (September 8, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9eEPAQAAQBAJ&q=howlin+wolf+oakridge&pg=PA117"><i>The Tombstone Tourist: Musicians</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743463300" title="Special:BookSources/9780743463300"><bdi>9780743463300</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tombstone+Tourist%3A+Musicians&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2003-09-08&rft.isbn=9780743463300&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9eEPAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhowlin%2Bwolf%2Boakridge%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707235113/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame">"Grammy Hall of Fame Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences">The Recording Academy</a>. 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame#s">the original</a> on July 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grammy+Hall+of+Fame+Awards&rft.pub=The+Recording+Academy&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.org%2Frecording-academy%2Fawards%2Fhall-of-fame%23s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502032502/http://www.rockhall.com/exhibithighlights/500-songs">"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll"</a>. <i>Exhibit Highlights</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>. 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockhall.com/exhibithighlights/500-songs">the original</a> on May 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exhibit+Highlights&rft.atitle=500+Songs+That+Shaped+Rock+and+Roll&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Fexhibithighlights%2F500-songs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194726/http://www.blues.org/awards-search/?cat=bma">"Awards Search"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Blues_Foundation" title="Blues Foundation">Blues Foundation</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blues.org/awards-search/?cat=bma">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Blues+Foundation&rft.atitle=Awards+Search&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blues.org%2Fawards-search%2F%3Fcat%3Dbma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAddison2019" class="citation web cs1">Addison (December 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blues.org/news-blues-hall-of-fame-2020-inductees-named-bettye-layette-syl-johnson-victoria-spivey-eddie-boyd-george-smith-billy-branch-ralph-peer/">"NEWS: The Blues Foundation names Blues Hall of Fame 2020 inductees: Bettye LaVette, Syl Johnson, Victoria Spivey, Eddie Boyd, George Smith, Billy Branch, Ralph Peer, and more!"</a>. <i>Blues Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blues+Foundation&rft.atitle=NEWS%3A+The+Blues+Foundation+names+Blues+Hall+of+Fame+2020+inductees%3A+Bettye+LaVette%2C+Syl+Johnson%2C+Victoria+Spivey%2C+Eddie+Boyd%2C+George+Smith%2C+Billy+Branch%2C+Ralph+Peer%2C+and+more%21&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft.au=Addison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblues.org%2Fnews-blues-hall-of-fame-2020-inductees-named-bettye-layette-syl-johnson-victoria-spivey-eddie-boyd-george-smith-billy-branch-ralph-peer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman2004Sessionography-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrestHoffman2004Sessionography_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, Sessionography.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004">Segrest & Hoffman 2004</a>, p. 6 speculate various such reasons as Burnett's refusal to work the fields, his rejection of choir music in favor of singing the blues, that the half-Indian Jones thought Burnett was "too dark", and that Jones had met another man who didn't want Burnett around.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollis1998" class="citation book cs1">Collis, John (1998). <i>The Story of Chess Records</i>. Bloomsbury USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-005-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-005-0"><bdi>978-1-58234-005-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Chess+Records&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-58234-005-0&rft.aulast=Collis&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey2007" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Humphrey, Mark (2007). <a href="/wiki/His_Best_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="His Best (Howlin' Wolf album)"><i>The Definitive Collection</i></a> (liner notes). Howlin' Wolf. <a href="/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a>. B0008784-02/CHD-9375 BK02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Definitive+Collection&rft.pub=Geffen+Records%2FChess+Records&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGlynn2003" class="citation audio-visual cs1">McGlynn, Don (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Story_%E2%80%93_The_Secret_History_of_Rock_%26_Roll" title="The Howlin' Wolf Story – The Secret History of Rock & Roll">The Howlin' Wolf Story – The Secret History of Rock & Roll</a></i> (DVD). Bluebird/Arista. 82876-56631-9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Howlin%27+Wolf+Story+%E2%80%93+The+Secret+History+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.pub=Bluebird%2FArista&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=McGlynn&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Oliver, Paul</a> (1969). <i>The Story of the Blues</i>. Barrie & Jenkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85445-092-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-85445-092-3"><bdi>3-85445-092-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Blues&rft.pub=Barrie+%26+Jenkins&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=3-85445-092-3&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyers2012" class="citation book cs1">Sawyers, June Skinner (2012). <i>Chicago Portraits: New Edition</i>. Northwestern University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2649-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2649-7"><bdi>978-0-8101-2649-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chicago+Portraits%3A+New+Edition&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-2649-7&rft.aulast=Sawyers&rft.aufirst=June+Skinner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegrestHoffman2004" class="citation book cs1">Segrest, James; Hoffman, Mark (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moaninatmidnight00segr"><i>Moanin' at Midnight: The Life and Times of Howlin' Wolf</i></a>. Pantheon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-42246-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-42246-3"><bdi>0-375-42246-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moanin%27+at+Midnight%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Howlin%27+Wolf&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-375-42246-3&rft.aulast=Segrest&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoaninatmidnight00segr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Whitburn" title="Joel Whitburn">Whitburn, Joel</a> (1988). <i>Top R&B Singles 1942–1988</i>. Record Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89820-068-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89820-068-7"><bdi>0-89820-068-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+R%26B+Singles+1942%E2%80%931988&rft.pub=Record+Research&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-89820-068-7&rft.aulast=Whitburn&rft.aufirst=Joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Howlin%27_Wolf" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000276085">Howlin' Wolf</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44780#P1728" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/340678">Howlin' Wolf</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44780#P1953" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Clair2019" class="citation web cs1">St. Clair, Jeffrey (May 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicinthegreentime.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/COUNTERPUNCH-ARTICLE-ON-HOWLING-WOLF.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Army Ain't No Place for a Black Man': How the Wolf Got Caged"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/CounterPunch" title="CounterPunch">CounterPunch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CounterPunch&rft.atitle=%27The+Army+Ain%27t+No+Place+for+a+Black+Man%27%3A+How+the+Wolf+Got+Caged&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=St.+Clair&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicinthegreentime.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F06%2FCOUNTERPUNCH-ARTICLE-ON-HOWLING-WOLF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHowlin%27+Wolf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Howlin&#039;_Wolf" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Template:Howlin' Wolf"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Template talk:Howlin' Wolf"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Howlin' Wolf"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Howlin&#039;_Wolf" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Howlin' Wolf</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1968: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Super_Super_Blues_Band" title="The Super Super Blues Band">The Super Super Blues Band</a></i> <small>With Muddy Waters and Bo Diddley</small></li> <li>1969: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Album" title="The Howlin' Wolf Album">The Howlin' Wolf Album</a></i></li> <li>1971: <i><a href="/wiki/Message_to_the_Young" title="Message to the Young">Message to the Young</a></i></li> <li>1971: <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Howlin%27_Wolf_Sessions" title="The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions">The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions</a></i></li> <li>1973: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Back_Door_Wolf" title="The Back Door Wolf">The Back Door Wolf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1972: <i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Cookin%27" title="Live and Cookin'">Live and Cookin'</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation<br />albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1959: <i><a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_in_the_Moonlight" title="Moanin' in the Moonlight">Moanin' in the Moonlight</a></i></li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf_(album)" title="Howlin' Wolf (album)">Howlin' Wolf</a></i></li> <li>1962: <i><a href="/wiki/Howling_Wolf_Sings_the_Blues" title="Howling Wolf Sings the Blues">Howling Wolf Sings the Blues</a></i></li> <li>1965: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Folk_Blues_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="The Real Folk Blues (Howlin' Wolf album)">The Real Folk Blues</a></i></li> <li>1967: <i><a href="/wiki/More_Real_Folk_Blues_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="More Real Folk Blues (Howlin' Wolf album)">More Real Folk Blues</a></i></li> <li>1997: <i><a href="/wiki/His_Best_(Howlin%27_Wolf_album)" title="His Best (Howlin' Wolf album)">His Best</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: "<a href="/wiki/How_Many_More_Years" title="How Many More Years">How Many More Years</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moanin%27_at_Midnight" title="Moanin' at Midnight">Moanin' at Midnight</a></li> <li>1954: "<a href="/wiki/Forty-Four" title="Forty-Four">Forty-Four</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evil_(Howlin%27_Wolf_song)" title="Evil (Howlin' Wolf song)">Evil</a>"</li> <li>1956: "<a href="/wiki/Smokestack_Lightning" title="Smokestack Lightning">Smokestack Lightning</a>"</li> <li>1957: "<a href="/wiki/Sitting_on_Top_of_the_World" title="Sitting on Top of the World">Sitting on Top of the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Poor_Boy_Blues" title="Poor Boy Blues">Poor Boy</a>"</li> <li>1960: "<a href="/wiki/Wang_Dang_Doodle" title="Wang Dang Doodle">Wang Dang Doodle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_Door_Man" title="Back Door Man">Back Door Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Spoonful" title="Spoonful">Spoonful</a>"</li> <li>1961: "<a href="/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Superstitious" title="I Ain't Superstitious">I Ain't Superstitious</a>"</li> <li>1962: "<a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">Little Red Rooster</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Goin%27_Down_Slow" title="Goin' Down Slow">Goin' Down Slow</a>"</li> <li>1964: "<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Mama_(song)" title="Sugar Mama (song)">My Country Sugar Mama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Killing_Floor_(Howlin%27_Wolf_song)" title="Killing Floor (Howlin' Wolf song)">Killing Floor</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2003: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howlin%27_Wolf_Story_%E2%80%93_The_Secret_History_of_Rock_%26_Roll" title="The Howlin' Wolf Story – The Secret History of Rock & Roll">The Howlin' Wolf Story – The Secret History of Rock & Roll</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Johnson_(guitarist)" title="Willie Johnson (guitarist)">Willie Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hare" title="Pat Hare">Pat Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams_(blues_musician)" title="Jody Williams (blues musician)">Jody Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Sumlin" title="Hubert Sumlin">Hubert Sumlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1991" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1991_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1991_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1991_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1991" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 1991</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/LaVern_Baker" title="LaVern Baker">LaVern Baker</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Clark" title="Gene Clark">Gene Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Clarke_(musician)" title="Michael Clarke (musician)">Michael Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Crosby" title="David Crosby">David Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hillman" title="Chris Hillman">Chris Hillman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Impressions" title="The Impressions">The Impressions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brooks_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Brooks (singer)">Arthur Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Brooks (singer)">Richard Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Cash" title="Fred Cash">Fred Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Gooden" title="Sam Gooden">Sam Gooden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Pickett" title="Wilson Pickett">Wilson Pickett</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Reed" title="Jimmy Reed">Jimmy Reed</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Howlin' Wolf</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bartholomew" title="Dave Bartholomew">Dave Bartholomew</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bass" title="Ralph Bass">Ralph Bass</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifetime achievement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nesuhi_Ertegun" title="Nesuhi Ertegun">Nesuhi Ertegun</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44780#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108229748">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/86672036">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/101954/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMht7cHHMJBwPcryKDBrm">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129402710">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82152296">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13895368g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13895368g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01171807">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Howlin' Wolf <1910-1976>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV254392">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36001260">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0091476&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1282111">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1061606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073652350">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6005730">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000037764&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020R0196">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx01st42qld8xr">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810641592805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007409540705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000140935">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14053505">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Howlin’ Wolf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ca5b38c2-f39d-45a4-ad3d-daf4448846ef">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/howlin-wolf/3257">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1179702">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/129402710">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/161835252">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65822g0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&oldid=1258842806">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howlin%27_Wolf&oldid=1258842806</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1910_births" title="Category:1910 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