CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>斷頭台 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"0cdb4d88-c561-4434-b84f-3aa009875ab0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"斷頭台","wgTitle":"斷頭台","wgCurRevisionId":83281360,"wgRevisionId":83281360,"wgArticleId":42223,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有法語的條目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","斷頭臺","法国发明","處決方法","法國死刑制度","刑具","1789年面世","刃物","18世纪发明"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"斷頭台","wgRelevantArticleId":42223,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q128015","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas", "ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg/1200px-Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg/800px-Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg/640px-Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="斷頭台 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-斷頭台 rootpage-斷頭台 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-設計" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#設計"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>設計</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-設計-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行刑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行刑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>行刑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行刑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>早期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法國大革命" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法國大革命"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>法國大革命</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法國大革命-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>後期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法國以外" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法國以外"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>法國以外</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法國以外-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">斷頭台</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。88种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86xgealga" title="Æxgealga – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æxgealga" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9" title="مقصلة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقصلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الجيلوتين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجيلوتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilyotin" title="Gilyotin – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gilyotin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільяціна – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гільяціна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="গিলোটিন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গিলোটিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibennerez" title="Dibennerez – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dibennerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γκιλοτίνα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκιλοτίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiin" title="Giljotiin – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Giljotiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillotina" title="Gillotina – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gillotina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiini" title="Giljotiini – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Giljotiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilit%C3%ADn" title="Gilitín – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gilitín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ગિલોટીન – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગિલોટીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiokina" title="Kiokina – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kiokina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גיליוטינה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיליוטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गिलोटिन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिलोटिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaktil%C3%B3" title="Nyaktiló – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyaktiló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Գիլիոտին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիլիոտին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%C3%B6xi" title="Fallöxi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fallöxi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghigliottina" title="Ghigliottina – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghigliottina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="ギロチン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギロチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გილიოტინა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გილიოტინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9ng%27ei" title="Kĩng'ei – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kĩng'ei" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%91%90%EB%8C%80" title="단두대 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단두대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fneqe" title="Meşneqe – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meşneqe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljot%C4%ABna" title="Giljotīna – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Giljotīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotin" title="Gilotin – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gilotin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गियोतिन – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गियोतिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotyna" title="Gilotyna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gilotyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilhotina" title="Guilhotina – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilhotina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghilotin%C4%83" title="Ghilotină – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ghilotină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghillotina" title="Ghillotina – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ghillotina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilot%C3%ADna" title="Gilotína – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gilotína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijotina" title="Gijotina – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gijotina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гиљотина – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гиљотина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கில்லட்டின் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கில்லட்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилйотина – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гилйотина" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กิโยตีน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กิโยตีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільйотина – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гільйотина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گلوٹین – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلوٹین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghijotina" title="Ghijotina – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ghijotina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_ch%C3%A9m" title="Máy chém – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy chém" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B0" title="断头台 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="断头台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&oldid=83281360" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&id=83281360&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2596%25B7%25E9%25A0%25AD%25E5%258F%25B0"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2596%25B7%25E9%25A0%25AD%25E5%258F%25B0"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128015" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg/200px-Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg/300px-Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg/400px-Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>盧森堡斷頭台</figcaption></figure> <p><b>斷頭台</b>（法語：<span lang="fr">Guillotine</span>）是一種執行<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E5%85%B7" title="刑具">器具</a>，用以將犯人的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="頭">頭</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AC%E9%A6%96" title="斬首">斬去</a>。斷頭台由一個高的直立架和一塊刀片組成，而刀片則用繩索懸掛在頂部，當執行死刑時，刀片垂直墜落，頭從身體截斷。其起源於法國並且為該國主要行刑方式，於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>期間達到高峰，並一直被沿用至1981年法國廢除死刑為止；該刑具亦隨著<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國革命戰爭">法國革命戰爭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑帝国">拿破崙帝國</a>傳播至其他西歐國家。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="設計"><span id=".E8.A8.AD.E8.A8.88"></span>設計</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：設計"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下資料是根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>的標準。 </p><p>斷頭台的鍘刀呈梯形，刀刃斜向，重約40公斤；其<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="木">木</a>製支架高4公尺（也有高4.5公尺的），支柱間距37釐米，斷頭台總重約600公斤。斷頭台設有木枷以固定犯人的頭部；刀片與地面底槽的落差約2.25公尺，垂落的速度可達約每秒7公尺，能快速有效地斬斷犯人的頸項。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行刑"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E5.88.91"></span>行刑</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：行刑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>死刑犯会在清晨6点被<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%8A%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%BB%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五花大绑（页面不存在）">五花大绑</a>，押出囚室，吃早餐。7—9点，死刑犯被<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%86%E7%BB%91" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="捆绑">捆绑</a>在囚车上游街示众。9点—11点50分，死刑犯被送上断头台，一般会被捆绑在柱子上或者跪在断头台上，等待<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%A9%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="斩首">斩首</a>示众。11点50分时，<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88" title="牧师">牧师</a>为死刑犯做祷告，让死刑犯忏悔。12点时，死刑犯被斩首，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%A2%85" class="mw-redirect" title="头颅">头颅</a>会被示众，死刑犯的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="遺體">遗体</a>不会被<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E7%BB%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松绑（页面不存在）">松绑</a>，与头颅一起被埋葬在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%A2%93" class="mw-redirect" title="公墓">公墓</a>之中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F"></span>早期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：早期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>最早的斷頭台至少可追溯至14世纪。<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭">愛爾蘭</a>曾於1307年以機器砍去一名犯人的頭顱。在此之前，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>都有使用類似機器的文字记錄，但其確切性無從稽考。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%B4%84%E5%85%8B%E9%83%A1)" title="哈利法克斯 (西約克郡)">哈利法克斯</a>曾長年設立一座斷頭台，直至1648年以後停用。另外<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>自1564年起亦有類似的器材。 </p><p>上述的斷頭台都是用來替代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%A7" title="斧">斧頭</a>的，所以它們的切割器呈斧狀。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法國大革命"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.9D.A9.E5.91.BD"></span>法國大革命</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：法國大革命"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png/300px-Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png/450px-Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png/600px-Hinrichtung_Ludwig_des_XVI.png 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="1783" /></a><figcaption>法國國王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="路易十六">路易十六</a>的死刑</figcaption></figure> <p>1789年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>開始，國會開始研究新的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95" title="刑法">刑法</a>。當時其中一位本職是<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="醫生">醫生</a>的議員<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB-%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%BA%A6%E4%B8%B9" title="约瑟夫-伊尼亚斯·吉约丹">约瑟夫-伊尼亚斯·吉约丹</a>提出六點有關建議，當中包括死刑應以快速及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="人道">人道</a>的方式執行，而且所有受刑人之處刑方式應一視同仁以提倡<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" class="mw-disambig" title="平等">平等</a>；其認為犯人的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="頭顱">頭顱</a>在被切離身體後很快便失去知覺，故大力提倡<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AC%E9%A6%96" title="斬首">斬首</a>，但其公開觀點後旋即引來大量被質疑以致爭議，更令其飽受議員們及報社的嘲諷，最終導致其於法國政壇上一蹶不振、金盆洗手<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。吉约丹醫生在1814年因肩膀傷口惡化為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8F%E7%96%BD" title="坏疽">壞疽</a>病逝，非如傳說中的死在源於其姓氏的斷頭台。他的後人更改了自己的姓氏，以免和斷頭台扯上關係。 </p><p>1791年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>國會通過以斬首作為唯一合法的死刑執行方式。 </p><p>1792年，由吉约丹醫生與一位法國劊子手<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE" title="夏爾·亨利·桑松">夏爾·亨利·桑松</a>（桑松四世，他於法國大革命中執行了路易十六的死刑）一同合作，又透過一位德國工匠托皮亞斯·施密特動手製造了一台原型機，從此新型斷頭台便正式面世，並以他的姓氏命名。這種斷頭台參考的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D" title="劍">劍</a>的設計。它的刀刃本是與地面平行的，但是在測試中發現有實用上的困難，例如因為受到實體橫切面的阻力而無法順利截斷實體，或者因為阻力而產生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%83%E9%83%A8%E7%BF%BB%E6%8D%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刃部翻捲（页面不存在）">刃部翻捲</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%BA%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缺口（页面不存在）">缺口</a>，因此設計者又從大鐮刀的形狀與功能還有成效而得到靈感，而在正式使用前改成斜刃。 </p><p>一個作者不明的故事宣稱提議用斜刃替代平刃的是具有鎖匠技能的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國王">法國國王</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="路易十六">路易十六</a>，現在大多認為為虛構傳聞<sup id="cite_ref-MM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當時有一位法國醫生<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安托万·路易" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Antoine Louis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安托万·路易（页面不存在）">安托万·路易</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Louis" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Louis"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Antoine Louis</span></a></span>）</span></span>也有份參與建造斷頭台，後者對於死亡的方式很有研究，有些人認為他才是提出斜向刀刃設計的人<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年4月，斷頭台進行了第一次處決，受刑者是一名<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="強盜">強盜</a>。 </p><p>1793年1月，法王<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="路易十六">路易十六</a>被送上斷頭台處死，同年10月他的王后<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E7%93%A6%E5%86%85%E7%89%B9" title="玛丽·安托瓦内特">玛丽·安托瓦内特</a>也被斷頭台處決；至1794年為止三年內，斷頭台斬首「反革命份子」（當中有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第一共和國">法蘭西第一共和國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="公安委員會 (法國)">公安委員會</a>的異見人士）保守估算超過60,000人。 </p><p>斷頭台在1870年再次被改良。主要的改動在刀刃方面，用意是減少刀刃衝力所造成的損耗。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="後期"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E6.9C.9F"></span>後期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：後期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1939年6月，一名犯下六宗<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%80%E6%AE%BA" title="謀殺">謀殺</a>案的犯人<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%A0%B9%E8%A8%A5%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="歐根訥·魏特曼">歐根訥·魏特曼</a>（Eugene Weidmann）被斷頭台處決後，法國政府認為群眾反應過於強烈，於是禁止公開行刑，改為於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>一所監獄中進行。魏特曼的受刑情況曾被拍成紀錄片段，直至現在仍於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">互聯網</a>上流通。 </p><p>1977年9月，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%94" title="哈米达·詹杜比">哈米达·詹杜比</a>成為全法最後一個被斷頭台處決的犯人。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="密特朗">密特朗</a>於1981年當選為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總統">法國總統</a>後全面廢除了死刑。此前法國的死刑都以斷頭臺執行，除了某些<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="叛國">危害國家安全</a>罪的死刑，才以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8D%E6%B1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="槍決">槍決</a>執行。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88" title="2015年11月巴黎袭击案">2015年11月巴黎襲擊事件</a>發生後，極右派政治家<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93-%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E9%BE%90" title="讓-馬里·勒龐">讓-馬里·勒龐</a>要求重新啟用斷頭台用來處決<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%BB%BD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="恐怖份子">恐怖份子</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法國以外"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B.E4.BB.A5.E5.A4.96"></span>法國以外</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：法國以外"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>斷頭臺於德國被稱為Fallbeil、Fallschwertmaschine或Köpfmaschine，於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="拿破仑一世">拿破崙</a>統治德意志地區時傳入，引入後其設計亦與法國有別，包括金屬外框和更重的鍘刀；其直至<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>時期仍有使用，主要用作處決被判死刑的普通本國罪犯。若處決政治犯則多用毒氣、絞刑或槍斃，例外者為以<a href="/wiki/%E8%95%AD%E7%88%BE%E5%85%84%E5%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="蕭爾兄妹">蕭爾兄妹</a>為首的地下反抗組織「白玫瑰」成員，1943年2月22日受審後數小時被以斷頭台處決。納粹時期共有16,500人被斷頭台處決，其中10,000人是在政權最後兩年被處決。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>，斬首於1866年成為死刑的唯一方式，但仍以傳統方式由劊子手以斧頭斬首，至1903年終引入斷頭臺，但僅於1910年使用過唯一一次（同時亦是瑞典歷史上最後一次執行死刑），往後10年瑞典均再無執行過死刑，直至1921立法廢死。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>1798年至1856年間共使用斷頭台19次，多數於當時首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E8%A1%9B%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="安特衛普">安特衛普</a>行刑。 </p><p>斷頭台於<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="越南共和國">越南共和國</a>都有被採用。其中一個在<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市">胡志明市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="戰爭遺跡博物館">戰爭遺跡博物館</a>展出。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《劊子手世家》一書所提到</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MM_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation AV media">Executive Producer Don Cambou. Modern Marvels: Death Devices. A&E Television Networks. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&rft.btitle=Modern+Marvels%3A+Death+Devices&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=A%26E+Television+Networks&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2275.html">Joseph Ignace Guillotin</a>. whonamedit.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2008]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190208132620/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2275.html">存档</a>于2019-02-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&rft.btitle=Joseph+Ignace+Guillotin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=whonamedit.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whonamedit.com%2Fdoctor.cfm%2F2275.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《劊子手世家》一書提到，他為著名學者，曾任為巴黎外科醫學院生理學教授，本書認為他才是真正開發斷頭台的人。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/11/25/monsieur-le-pen-wants-to-guillotine-terrorists-in-france.html">Monsieur Le Pen Wants to Guillotine Terrorists in France</a>. The Daily Beast. 2015-11-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160723061447/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/11/25/monsieur-le-pen-wants-to-guillotine-terrorists-in-france.html">存档</a>于2016-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&rft.btitle=Monsieur+Le+Pen+Wants+to+Guillotine+Terrorists+in+France&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Daily+Beast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F11%2F25%2Fmonsieur-le-pen-wants-to-guillotine-terrorists-in-france.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/621098/Reinstate-French-death-penalty-after-Paris-attacks-says-former-NF-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen">Far-right French politician wants to bring back death penalty and BEHEAD terrorists</a>. Daily Express. 2015-11-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621065402/http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/621098/Reinstate-French-death-penalty-after-Paris-attacks-says-former-NF-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen">存档</a>于2016-06-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&rft.btitle=Far-right+French+politician+wants+to+bring+back+death+penalty+and+BEHEAD+terrorists&rft.date=2015-11-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Daily+Express&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F621098%2FReinstate-French-death-penalty-after-Paris-attacks-says-former-NF-leader-Jean-Marie-Le-Pen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0?uselang=zh">斷頭台</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guillotine.dk/">The Guillotine Headquarters</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080502074220/http://www.guillotine.dk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boisdejustice.com/History/History.html">Bois de justice</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101215012506/http://boisdejustice.com/History/History.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）斷頭臺的歷史和建造細節，內有真實照片（英語）</li> <li><cite class="citation web">Fabricius, Jørn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guillotine.dk/">The Guillotine Headquarters</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-11-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502074220/http://www.guillotine.dk/">存档</a>于2008-05-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rn&rft.aulast=Fabricius&rft.btitle=The+Guillotine+Headquarters&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guillotine.dk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1172/does-the-head-remain-briefly-conscious-after-decapitation">Does the head remain briefly conscious after decapitation (revisited)?</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181018153628/http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1172/does-the-head-remain-briefly-conscious-after-decapitation">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<i>The Straight Dope</i>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050324091653/http://www.metaphor.dk/guillotine/">The Guillotine Headquarters</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128015#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guillotina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX531657">西班牙</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4158535-5">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="gilotina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph270779&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300391001">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=斷頭台&oldid=83281360">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=斷頭台&oldid=83281360</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E8%87%BA" title="Category:斷頭臺">斷頭臺</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E" title="Category:法国发明">法国发明</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%99%95%E6%B1%BA%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Category:處決方法">處決方法</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="Category:法國死刑制度">法國死刑制度</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%88%91%E5%85%B7" title="Category:刑具">刑具</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1789%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%96" title="Category:1789年面世">1789年面世</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%88%83%E7%89%A9" title="Category:刃物">刃物</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E" title="Category:18世纪发明">18世纪发明</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有法語的條目">含有法語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年7月4日 (星期四) 15:50。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xl5gk","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.318","walltime":"0.424","ppvisitednodes":{"value":823,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":18497,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":854,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11684,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 361.170 1 -total"," 36.34% 131.248 1 Template:Lang-fr"," 35.66% 128.781 1 Template:Authority_control"," 15.60% 56.327 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.02% 39.788 1 Template:Cite_video"," 5.90% 21.314 1 Template:Commons"," 5.47% 19.744 1 Template:Sister_project"," 4.86% 17.542 1 Template:Side_box"," 3.73% 13.456 4 Template:Cite_web"," 3.39% 12.255 2 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.219","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20029768,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-764b6bb99c-7t6mb","timestamp":"20241121155024","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u65b7\u982d\u53f0","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q128015","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q128015","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-02T15:40:06Z","dateModified":"2024-07-04T15:50:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0f\/Guillotine_Luxembourg_01.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>