CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lithobates clamitans - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"38233023-a6c9-4f22-91ee-d3d8f8526c3d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lithobates_clamitans","wgTitle":"Lithobates clamitans","wgCurRevisionId":1233159711,"wgRevisionId":1233159711,"wgArticleId":13010117,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 interwiki-linked names","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Commons link is locally defined","Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations","IUCN Red List least concern species","Lithobates","Amphibians of North America","Amphibians of the United States","Fauna of the Eastern United States","Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille", "Amphibians described in 1801"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lithobates_clamitans","wgRelevantArticleId":13010117,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Rana_clamitans","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled": false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4667968","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg/1200px-Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg/800px-Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg/640px-Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lithobates clamitans - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lithobates_clamitans rootpage-Lithobates_clamitans skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lithobates+clamitans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lithobates+clamitans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lithobates+clamitans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lithobates+clamitans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subspecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Subspecies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat_and_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_and_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Habitat and distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Habitat loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reproduction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Home_range_and_territoriality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_range_and_territoriality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Home range and territoriality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_range_and_territoriality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vocalizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocalizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Vocalizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocalizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movement_and_posture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_and_posture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Movement and posture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement_and_posture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predation_and_enemies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predation_and_enemies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Predation and enemies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predation_and_enemies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-predatory_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-predatory_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Anti-predatory measures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-predatory_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Lithobates clamitans</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1" title="ضفدع أخضر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضفدع أخضر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_clamitans" title="Rana clamitans – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rana clamitans" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" title="Lithobates clamitans – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lithobates clamitans" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%CA%BCa%C5%82_nineez%C3%AD_doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Chʼał nineezí dootłʼizhígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chʼał nineezí dootłʼizhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" title="Lithobates clamitans – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lithobates clamitans" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" title="Lithobates clamitans – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lithobates clamitans" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="قورباغه سبز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قورباغه سبز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" title="Lithobates clamitans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lithobates clamitans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EB%A1%9D%ED%99%A9%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="초록황소개구리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초록황소개구리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katak_hijau" title="Katak hijau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katak hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1" title="ضفدع اخضر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ضفدع اخضر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreeuwkikker" title="Schreeuwkikker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schreeuwkikker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqiroq_qurbaqa" title="Baqiroq qurbaqa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Baqiroq qurbaqa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_clamitans" title="Rana clamitans – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rana clamitans" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Крикливая лягушка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крикливая лягушка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6n_groda" title="Grön groda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grön groda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Жаба галаслива – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жаба галаслива" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" title="Lithobates clamitans – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lithobates clamitans" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E8%9B%99" title="青铜蛙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="青铜蛙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4667968#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lithobates_clamitans" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lithobates_clamitans" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lithobates_clamitans" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&oldid=1233159711" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lithobates_clamitans&id=1233159711&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLithobates_clamitans"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLithobates_clamitans"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lithobates_clamitans&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4667968" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_clamitans&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana clamitans">Rana clamitans</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of amphibian</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Green frog </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County,_NJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg/220px-Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg/330px-Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg/440px-Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Male, <a href="/wiki/Tewksbury_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Tewksbury Township, New Jersey">Tewksbury Township, New Jersey</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Lithobates" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">Anura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/True_frog" title="True frog">Ranidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithobates" title="Lithobates"><i>Lithobates</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>L. clamitans</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Lithobates clamitans</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1801)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See <a href="#Subspecies">text</a><br /> <i>L. c. clamitans</i>, bronze frog<br /> <i>L. c. melanota</i>, northern green frog </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ran_clam_NA_range.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ran_clam_NA_range.gif/220px-Ran_clam_NA_range.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ran_clam_NA_range.gif/330px-Ran_clam_NA_range.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ran_clam_NA_range.gif/440px-Ran_clam_NA_range.gif 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="390" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Green frog range </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Rana horiconensis</i> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_Holbrook" title="John Edwards Holbrook">Holbrook</a>, 1842</span></li> <li><i>Rana fontinalis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Holbrook, 1842</span></li> <li><i>Rana clamitans</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Latreille, 1801</span><sup id="cite_ref-Hillis2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillis2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HillisandWilcox2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HillisandWilcox2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pauly_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauly-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Lithobates clamitans</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><b>Rana clamitans</b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hillis2007_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillis2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yuan16_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuan16-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly known as the <b>green frog</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frog</a> native to eastern <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. The two subspecies are the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_frog" title="Bronze frog">bronze frog</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_green_frog" title="Northern green frog">northern green frog</a>. </p><p>These frogs, as described by their name, typically have varying degrees of green heads. These frogs display significant acts of <a href="/wiki/Territoriality_principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Territoriality principle">territoriality</a>, with males being the primary actors. Male green frogs use this technique against other male frogs in addition to other intruders that might have interest in nearing their territory. Territoriality also plays a role in mating, as females favor males who are strong in this field and exhibit strong mating calls. Male green frogs use four different types of breeding calls to attract potential female mates. Predators of the eggs of green frogs include beetles, water bugs, and water scorpions. Adult frogs are typically threatened by several types of birds. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Lithobates clamitans</i> is a member of the true frog family <a href="/wiki/True_frog" title="True frog">Ranidae</a> and genus Lithobates. Litho- meaning stone, a rock climber. Originally from genus <a href="/wiki/Rana_(genus)" title="Rana (genus)">Rana</a> until systematic revision, features of the genus are true frogs with slim waist and wrinkled skin, found across much of Eurasia and North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subspecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two recognized <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of <i>L. clamitans</i> are: </p> <ul><li><i>Lithobates clamitans clamitans</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1801)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Bronze_frog" title="Bronze frog">bronze frog</a></li> <li><i>Lithobates clamitans melanota</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1820)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Northern_green_frog" title="Northern green frog">northern green frog</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This species is a mid-sized <a href="/wiki/True_frog" title="True frog">true frog</a>. Adult green frogs range from 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) in body length (snout to vent, excluding the hind legs). The typical body weight of this species is from 28 to 85 g (0.99 to 3.00 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uri_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uri-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sexes are sexually dimorphic in a few ways: mature females are typically larger than males, the male <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(zoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tympanum (zoology)">tympanum</a> is twice the diameter of the eye, whereas in females, the tympanum diameter is about the same as that of the eye, and males have bright yellow throats. The dorsolateral ridges, prominent, seam-like skin folds that run down the sides of the back, distinguish the green frog from the bullfrog, which entirely lacks them. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg/220px-Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg/330px-Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg/440px-Northeast_Ohio_Green_Frog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Young Green Frog</figcaption></figure> <p>Green frogs usually have green heads while the body is brown, gray, or dark green. The green head can be more or less prominent on certain individuals, with some frogs only having green on the side of their heads while other frogs are green all the way down their back. The belly is white with black mottling. Male green frogs in breeding condition have yellow throats. Green frogs are darker colored on colder days to help absorb heat. Green frogs can sometimes be blue due to a genetic mutation known as <a href="/wiki/Axanthism" title="Axanthism">axanthism</a> that prevents the frog from producing yellow pigments (yellow and blue pigments together make the color green). </p><p>Green frog tadpoles are olive green and iridescent creamy-white below. <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">Metamorphosis</a> can occur within the same breeding <a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">season</a> or tadpoles may overwinter to metamorphose the next summer.<sup id="cite_ref-uri_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uri-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_and_distribution">Habitat and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Habitat and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Green frogs are associated with bodies of water and have been found in a variety of habitats, living at the margins of shallow freshwater ponds, road-side ditches, lakes, swamps, and streams, and of <a href="/wiki/Vernal_pool" title="Vernal pool">vernal pools</a> and other temporary bodies of water though less so than other frogs.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EPA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uri_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uri-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pitt_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They maintain small home ranges around these water sources and spend about a third of their time foraging for resources (especially in regions of abundant leaf litter and dense vegetation), returning to the water for refuge.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pitt_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their habitat has also been impacted by human interaction via the development of roads, buildings, and other infrastructure and agriculture which involves the destruction of their habitat. However, if there is abundant and quality habitat nearby, green frogs have the capability to flee from deforestation and are also somewhat tolerant of said destruction. When attempting to flee from the destruction of their habitat, Green frogs tend to move primarily among three distinct types of aquatic habitats: ephemeral wetland, stream, and swamp. Additionally, green frogs select for increased soil moisture, fine woody debris, and fewer trees with water cover being the most important factor emphasizing the fact that they tend to inhabit areas near water and with open environments in order to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitt_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The green frog is a widespread species native to North America, mainly occurring throughout eastern North America from the St. Lawrence River Valley in southeastern Canada to Northern Florida and Eastern Texas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_loss">Habitat loss</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Habitat loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to increasing destruction of their habitat, deforestation, climate change, diseases, and chemical contaminants, amphibian population decline and extinctions may be as high as 211 times the background extinction rate.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both water and air temperatures play a major role in timing and rates of breeding, larval development, time-to-time metamorphosis, size-at-metamorphosis, growth, and physiological parameters. There is experimental data present that details how organisms are more sensitive to contaminants when there is variation in temperature, which explains how chemical contamination can greatly impact the development of these frogs. <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Chloride</a> in particular affects the development of the Green Frog. Vast exposure to chloride can result in many larvae having broken tails, swollen body cavities, a loss of pigment, and behavioral abnormalities. As the temperature increased in the environment, the frogs had lower time-to-mortality and significantly higher hazard when compared to the controls. This shows how temperature directly affects sensitivity to chemicals and thereby the development of the Green Frog by making their habitat more dangerous. According to the Maryland Biological Stream Survey, stormwater ponds which are a main example of a breeding habitat in Maryland can experience chloride concentrations of up to 3250 mg/L, which shows how there are several factors within their habitat affecting the survival rate of these frogs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Green frogs will attempt to eat any mouth-sized animal they can capture, including insects, spiders, fish, crayfish, shrimp, other frogs, tadpoles, small snakes, slugs,<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and snails. Green frogs practice "sit and wait" hunting and therefore eat whatever comes within reach.<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tadpoles will eat nearly anything organic, including diatoms, algae, and tiny amounts of small animals such as zooplankton (copepods and cladocerans).<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_frog_440.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Green_frog_440.jpg/220px-Green_frog_440.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Green_frog_440.jpg/330px-Green_frog_440.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Green_frog_440.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Green frog pair in amplexus: Note large tympanum of male, on top, and small tympanum of the female</figcaption></figure> <p>Males become sexually mature at one year, females may mature in either two or three years.<sup id="cite_ref-uri_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uri-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males will establish breeding territories and maintain them throughout the entirety of the breeding period,<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the season occurring from spring through summer,<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with variations depending on location and temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a strong positive correlation between temperature and detection. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this breeding period, an egg clutch consisting of 1000 to 7000 eggs<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is laid in surface films about 15–30 cm in diameter and are attached to vegetation in shallow water<sup id="cite_ref-wellsmating_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in order to protect the eggs from predators. Females may sometimes lay two clutches of eggs in a single season, with their size reaching a maximum of 98–105 mm. Females who were ready to mate typically came into male territories and assumed a low posture to demonstrate the clear power difference between the two (the lower posture emphasizes their subordination as does the fact that they come to the males once ready to mate). However, females did still exhibit selection when choosing a male as the process of choosing a mate typically took 2 to 3 days. In this case, females tend to favor males who exhibit territoriality and have strong mating calls (the basis for this is selfish as it lies in the female's desire for the greatest reproductive success and the best traits to be passed down to their children). Once a female was a few centimeters in front of the male, she would back her body into his and once physical contact was reached, the males would clasp the females and fertilization would begin. There are several instances where females will not be clasped due to the stimuli which initiate <a href="/wiki/Amplexus" title="Amplexus">amplexus</a> (when the male clasps the female from the back) not being created. Once fertilization occurred, almost all of the eggs were deposited into the resident male's territory (not the satellite male's, implying that polyandry for the female is not a common practice in this species) which promotes protection for the offspring. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg/220px-Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg/330px-Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg/440px-Greenfrog_tadpole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Tadpole</figcaption></figure> <p>Research show that wild green frogs, both living in contaminated suburban backyard ponds and also in relatively pristine forested ponds, can <a href="/wiki/Sex_reversal#In_amphibians" title="Sex reversal">switch sexes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This sex reversal appears to be a natural condition but it is currently unknown whether these wild sex-reversed green frogs are able to breed. </p><p>After the eggs are deposited into the resident's male territory, development begins to occur. The typical larval life of green frogs is between 70 and 360 days depending on the time of year in which the eggs were laid. The season of growth in adult frogs (where snout-to-vent measurements increased the most) is primarily between mid-May and mid-September. This mainly correlates with the mean monthly temperature and the amount of time that the temperature is favorable for feeding. Sexual maturity is reached about a year after metamorphosis. However, frogs do not become sexually active until the year after sexual maturity is attained. There is no sexual dimorphism in size in the fully mature frog.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_range_and_territoriality">Home range and territoriality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Home range and territoriality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regarding territoriality, males will often physically wrestle with one another in order to defend their territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells,_K._D._2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Resident male frogs would also create loud splashing noises by jumping up and down in the water or by sitting in one place and rapidly kicking his hind legs. This act of both jumping up and down and creating a distinct noise serves many different purposes. Firstly, males would leap high out of the water to patrol their territory borders in order to locate intruders, and would then proceed to make a loud splashing noise to both mark their territory and scare off intruders. These splashing displays were also performed in response to intruders entering their territories and by victorious males pursuing their opponents once again emphasizing another form in which these frogs maintain their dominance.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells,_K._D._2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsmating_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If both the advertisement calls and acts of splashing did not deter the intruder, then more aggressive acts were performed by the resident male. The resident male would retaliate by jumping at the frog and chasing him away or attacking the intruder and immediately clasping him around the head, waist, or one leg. While most attacks were directed towards males in an act of defending territory, some attacks were directed towards females. This is due to the fact that resident males cannot visually see the difference between females and males and therefore might mistake a female going through his territory as an intruder male. This results in females adopting a similar position to the satellite males when traversing through a resident male's territory.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells,_K._D._2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsmating_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most interactions among the males of this species involve splashing and vocalizations to scare off intruders or satellite males. However, once there were two males who would present equal competition to one another thereby creating real contests for possession of lands, wrestling bouts ensued. In the beginning, two males would approach one another in high posture demonstrating the equal status between the two. Once these frogs were only a few centimeters apart, they would tip their heads at an angle which would expose their bright yellow throat to the opponent. Soon after, the wrestling would begin and each frog would jump, swim, or splash at each other to attempt to secure a strong hold on the opponent. Eventually, once each frog clasped the other around the pectoral region, they would engage in a pushing contest until the other fell on its back. Once the frog fell, the dominant frog would hold his opponent under water and squeeze him until they admit defeat and free themselves from the hold.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells,_K._D._2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsmating_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalizations">Vocalizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vocalizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To emphasize their territory during breeding season, males advertise their positions with vocalizations and exhibit aggressive behavior including chases and jump attacks. Males have four main vocalizations used to maintain their territories. The first type of call is the advertisement call, which functions to advertise a male's position to other males and to prospective mates. The distinctive call sounds like a plucked loose banjo string,<sup id="cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually given as a single note, but sometimes repeated.<sup id="cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsvoc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many studies show that aggressive behavior is evoked from other male frogs in response to this call. </p><p>The second type of call is similar to the first but is more urgent. This call is used in response to a disturbance in the territory. It is thought to demonstrate dominance because it is often given by the winners of wrestling bouts when chasing the losers out of their territories. </p><p>The third type of call is often directed towards others in an agonistic encounter. It is usually the first call produced when a frog's territory has been invaded and while the male approaches the intruder. Consequently, this call antagonizes more aggressive behavior since there were often physical bouts between the intruder and owner of the territory. This is different from the second type of call, because the second call serves as more of a warning call while this call meant that violence would follow. </p><p>Finally, the fourth type of call is produced during wrestling bouts and given by the male that is winning the fight. Additionally, there is also a fifth call type that both males and females use which serves as a release call when an individual is clasped by another frog. For males, it was released when they were losing wrestling bouts, while for females, it was released both when non-gravid females were being clasped by males and when females were ready to be released after completing oviposition. Both the females and losing males releasing the same call emphasizes the fact that males without territory or males who lost to other males are seen as weaker and subordinate in this species.<sup id="cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsvoc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movement_and_posture">Movement and posture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Movement and posture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Males often move from territory to territory since they occupy several different territories to increase their mating appeal to females. Males that do not have a territory for the breeding season often move into other males' territory and become satellite males. Satellite males use these new territories to intercept females who are responding to the call of territory owners, demonstrating a type of sexual coercion. In contrast, females did not exhibit any particularly aggressive interactions since they normally spent the day hiding in vegetation while at night they foraged for resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Meshaka_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meshaka-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsvoc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsmating_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Frog_(Lithobates_clamitans)_-_Guelph,_Ontario_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Green_Frog_%28Lithobates_clamitans%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_02.jpg/220px-Green_Frog_%28Lithobates_clamitans%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Green_Frog_%28Lithobates_clamitans%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_02.jpg/330px-Green_Frog_%28Lithobates_clamitans%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Green_Frog_%28Lithobates_clamitans%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_02.jpg/440px-Green_Frog_%28Lithobates_clamitans%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2257" data-file-height="1505" /></a><figcaption>Green Frog</figcaption></figure> <p>Males demonstrating territorial behavior often presented different postures emphasizing different aspects of their physical appearance when compared to satellite males. Territorial males maintain a high posture, with the lungs inflated and only the lower parts of the limbs under water. These frogs tilt their head at a certain angle to allow their bright yellow throat to be exposed which is an act of presenting dominance and marking their own territory. They maintain this posture throughout the entire day (calling time or not). In contrast, satellite males assume a low posture with only the top of the head and eyes above the water's surface. Since their main focus is to steal the territory from the dominant male when he leaves to go to his other territories, the satellite males assume a more sneaky position since they will often stalk the resident male and move cautiously through the territory. This low position also decreases the chances of the satellite male being attacked by the resident male since they were seen as being subordinate/below the resident male.<sup id="cite_ref-Meshaka_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meshaka-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsvoc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellsmating_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predation_and_enemies">Predation and enemies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Predation and enemies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to their environment being so dependent on water, pathogens, predators, and other deadly problems often trouble the Green Frog. The fungal pathogen <i><a href="/wiki/Batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis" title="Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis">Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</a></i> (Bd) has been involved with the decline of several amphibian populations, one being the <i>Lithobates Clamitans</i>. Bd kills amphibians by interfering with external water exchange, which causes an imbalance with ion exchange, thereby leading to heart failure. An important factor in mediating the interaction between amphibians and Bd is temperature. If the temperature is beyond 30 degrees Celsius, then Bd will not survive, while the optimal temperature for Bd is 17-23 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, seasonal temperature variation can cause differences in immunity to this pathogen. For the Green Frog species, the prevalence of Bd was significantly higher in closed canopy streams, while infection intensities were higher in emergent wetlands. This could be due to prevalence being directly related to lower temperature habitats which are present in the canopy streams.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Green Frogs historically have several types of predators. Firstly, their eggs are eaten by turtles, tadpoles are eaten by diving beetles, giant water bugs, and water scorpions. They are also preyed upon by ducks, herons, and crows.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-predatory_measures">Anti-predatory measures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Anti-predatory measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Green Frogs have also developed certain anti-predatory measures in order to survive. One example of an anti-predatory measure developed by several different organisms is the use of chemical cues. Chemicals are released by predators and prey throughout the entire duration of a predation event thereby allowing the prey to detect the presence of predators through chemicals subconsciously released by the predators. Several research studies have demonstrated that aquatic prey tend to avoid chemical cues as their form of an anti-predatory measure. Specifically for the tadpoles of the Green Frog, they reacted with spatial anti-predator behavior (distancing themselves from the chemical cues), when only exposed to both Anax kairomones and conspecific alarm cues together. Experimenters hypothesize that presence of both of these cues are needed because the costs of fleeing their habitat may result in a massive loss of foraging opportunities. If they choose to respond to a certain cue that is not strong or reliable, then they are losing a vast amount of resources. Thus, when they choose to demonstrate spatial avoidance, there must be multiple chemical cues present in order for the benefits to outweigh the risks.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typically, when encountering predators, animals tend to develop anti-predator traits in order to promote reproductive success. Consequently, these traits will be passed down throughout generations until the predator develops a new trait to counteract this measure thereby creating an arms race between the predator and the prey. Another consequence of this type of evolution is subsets of a species developing new traits due to the different exposure of predators due to their different environments (diverging evolution). Regarding the Bronze Frog (which is a subspecies of the Green Frog), when present in ponds inhabited by invertebrate predators, the tadpoles may develop small bodies and large tail muscles in order to increase fast-start locomotor performance to escape from their predators. Consequently, the presence of fish and invertebrate predators plays a large role in size, shape, and swimming performance of the tadpoles of the Green Frog. As a result, this can lead to some morphological differences between the subspecies within the Green Frog, which highlights divergent natural selection and adaptive <a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_plasticity" title="Phenotypic plasticity">phenotypic plasticity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umesc.usgs.gov/terrestrial/amphibians/armi/species/green_frog.html">ARMI: Green Frog</a> Includes links to sound files of Green Frog calls.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Amphibian_Specialist_Group2015" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/58578/64412670">"<i>Lithobates clamitans</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T58578A64412670. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Lithobates+clamitans&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T58578A64412670&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en&rft.au=IUCN+SSC+Amphibian+Specialist+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F58578%2F64412670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillis2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hillis2007_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillis2007_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillis2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hillis, D.M. (2007). "Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life". <i><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution" title="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution">Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.</a></i> <b>42</b> (2): 331–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.08.001">10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997582">16997582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol.+Phylogenet.+Evol.&rft.atitle=Constraints+in+naming+parts+of+the+Tree+of+Life&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=331-338&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.08.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16997582&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=D.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HillisandWilcox2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HillisandWilcox2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillisWilcox2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hillis" title="David Hillis">Hillis, D.M.</a>; Wilcox, T.P. (2005). "Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (<i>Rana</i>)". <i><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution" title="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution">Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.</a></i> <b>34</b> (2): 299–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.10.007">10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15619443">15619443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol.+Phylogenet.+Evol.&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+the+New+World+true+frogs+%28Rana%29&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=299-314&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.10.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15619443&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=D.M.&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+T.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span> Erratum in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillis2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hillis, David M. (2006). "Corrigendum to "Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana)" [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 34 (2005) 299–314]". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>41</b> (3): 735. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.10.024">10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Corrigendum+to+%22Phylogeny+of+the+New+World+true+frogs+%28Rana%29%22+%5BMol.+Phylogenet.+Evol.+34+%282005%29+299%E2%80%93314%5D&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=735&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.10.024&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pauly-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pauly_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauly,_Greg_B.Hillis,_David_M.Cannatella,_David_C.2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name">Pauly, Greg B.; <a href="/wiki/David_Hillis" title="David Hillis">Hillis, David M.</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Charles_Cannatella" class="extiw" title="fr:David Charles Cannatella">Cannatella, David C.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in French]</span> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1655%2F08-031R1.1">"Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names"</a>. <i>Herpetologica</i>. <b>65</b> (2): 115–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1655%2F08-031R1.1">10.1655/08-031R1.1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:283839">283839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herpetologica&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+freedom+and+the+role+of+official+lists+of+species+names&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-128&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1655%2F08-031R1.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A283839%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Pauly%2C+Greg+B.&rft.au=Hillis%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Cannatella%2C+David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1655%252F08-031R1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=775087">"<i>Lithobates clamitans</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithobates+clamitans&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D775087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillisWilcox2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hillis" title="David Hillis">Hillis, D.M.</a>; Wilcox, T.P. (2005). "Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (<i>Rana</i>)". <i><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution" title="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution">Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.</a></i> <b>34</b> (2): 299–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.10.007">10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15619443">15619443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol.+Phylogenet.+Evol.&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+of+the+New+World+true+frogs+%28Rana%29&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=299-314&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.10.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15619443&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=D.M.&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+T.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuan16-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yuan16_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuan2016" class="citation journal cs1">Yuan, Z.-Y.; et al. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyw055">"Spatiotemporal diversification of the true frogs (genus Rana): A historical framework for a widely studied group of model organisms"</a>. <i>Systematic Biology</i>. <b>65</b> (5): 824–842. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyw055">10.1093/sysbio/syw055</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2292%2F43460">2292/43460</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27288482">27288482</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Biology&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+diversification+of+the+true+frogs+%28genus+Rana%29%3A+A+historical+framework+for+a+widely+studied+group+of+model+organisms.&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=824-842&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2292%2F43460&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27288482&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyw055&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Z.-Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fsysbio%252Fsyw055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExposure_Assessment_Group1993" class="citation book cs1">Exposure Assessment Group (Dec 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030918013054/http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/pdfs/c2443-431.pdf"><i>Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 1. Washington DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. pp. 2–443. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/pdfs/c2443-431.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2003-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wildlife+Exposure+Factors+Handbook&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=2-443&rft.pub=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=1993-12&rft.au=Exposure+Assessment+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2FNCEA%2Fpdfs%2Fc2443-431.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uri-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uri_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uri_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uri_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uri_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uri.edu/cels/nrs/paton/LH_green_frog.html">GREEN FROG. <i>Rana clamitans melanota</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183903/http://www.uri.edu/cels/nrs/paton/LH_green_frog.html">Archived</a> 2013-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. uri.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitt-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitt_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPittTavanoBaldwinStegenga2017" class="citation journal cs1">Pitt, AL; Tavano, JJ; Baldwin, RF; Stegenga, BS (2017-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316605019">"Movement ecology and habitat use of three sympatric Anuran species"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Herpetological_Conservation_and_Biology" title="Herpetological Conservation and Biology">Herpetological Conservation and Biology</a></i>. <b>12</b> (1): 212–24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herpetological+Conservation+and+Biology&rft.atitle=Movement+ecology+and+habitat+use+of+three+sympatric+Anuran+species&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=212-24&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.au=Tavano%2C+JJ&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+RF&rft.au=Stegenga%2C+BS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F316605019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-animaldiversity.org-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-animaldiversity.org_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillilland2000" class="citation web cs1">Gillilland, Merritt (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lithobates_clamitans/">"Lithobates clamitans"</a>. <i>Animal Diversity Web</i>. University of Michigan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Diversity+Web&rft.atitle=Lithobates+clamitans&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Gillilland&rft.aufirst=Merritt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanimaldiversity.org%2Faccounts%2FLithobates_clamitans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenEastSalice2019" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Frank B; East, Andrew G; Salice, Christopher J (10 September 2019). "Will temperature increases associated with climate change potentiate toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of chloride on larval green frogs (Lithobates clamitans)?". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_of_the_Total_Environment" title="Science of the Total Environment">Science of the Total Environment</a></i>. <b>682</b>: 282–290. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ScTEn.682..282G">2019ScTEn.682..282G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2019.05.018">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.018</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31121353">31121353</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163167918">163167918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Will+temperature+increases+associated+with+climate+change+potentiate+toxicity+of+environmentally+relevant+concentrations+of+chloride+on+larval+green+frogs+%28Lithobates+clamitans%29%3F&rft.volume=682&rft.pages=282-290&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2019.05.018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163167918%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31121353&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019ScTEn.682..282G&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Frank+B&rft.au=East%2C+Andrew+G&rft.au=Salice%2C+Christopher+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteenMcClureGraham2013" class="citation journal cs1">Steen, David A.; McClure, Christopher J.W.; Graham, Sean P. (April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0266">"Relative influence of weather and season on anuran calling activity"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Zoology</i>. <b>91</b> (7): 462–467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fcjz-2012-0266">10.1139/cjz-2012-0266</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-4301">0008-4301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Relative+influence+of+weather+and+season+on+anuran+calling+activity&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=462-467&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fcjz-2012-0266&rft.issn=0008-4301&rft.aulast=Steen&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=McClure%2C+Christopher+J.W.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Sean+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1139%2Fcjz-2012-0266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wellsmating-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wellsmating_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsmating_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsmating_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsmating_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsmating_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsmating_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1977" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, Kentwood D (July 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272570169">"Territoriality and male mating success in the green frog (Rana clamitans)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ecology_(journal)" title="Ecology (journal)">Ecology</a></i>. <b>58</b> (4): 750–762. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977Ecol...58..750W">1977Ecol...58..750W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1936211">10.2307/1936211</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1936211">1936211</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Territoriality+and+male+mating+success+in+the+green+frog+%28Rana+clamitans%29&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=750-762&rft.date=1977-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1936211%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1936211&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977Ecol...58..750W&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Kentwood+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F272570169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambertTranKilianEzaz2019" class="citation journal cs1">Lambert, Max R.; Tran, Tien; Kilian, Andrzej; Ezaz, Tariq; Skelly, David K. (2019-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369831">"Molecular evidence for sex reversal in wild populations of green frogs (Rana clamitans)"</a>. <i>PeerJ</i>. <b>7</b>: e6449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.6449">10.7717/peerj.6449</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2167-8359">2167-8359</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369831">6369831</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30775188">30775188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PeerJ&rft.atitle=Molecular+evidence+for+sex+reversal+in+wild+populations+of+green+frogs+%28Rana+clamitans%29&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=e6449&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6369831%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2167-8359&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30775188&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7717%2Fpeerj.6449&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Max+R.&rft.au=Tran%2C+Tien&rft.au=Kilian%2C+Andrzej&rft.au=Ezaz%2C+Tariq&rft.au=Skelly%2C+David+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6369831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartof1956" class="citation journal cs1">Martof, Bernard (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2422324">"Growth and Development of the Green Frog, Rana clamitans, Under Natural Conditions"</a>. <i>The American Midland Naturalist</i>. <b>55</b> (1): 101–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2422324">10.2307/2422324</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0031">0003-0031</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2422324">2422324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Development+of+the+Green+Frog%2C+Rana+clamitans%2C+Under+Natural+Conditions&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=101-117&rft.date=1956&rft.issn=0003-0031&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2422324%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2422324&rft.aulast=Martof&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2422324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wells,_K._D._2004-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells,_K._D._2004_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wells, K. D. (2004, December 16). Territoriality in the green frog (Rana clamitans): Vocalizations and agonistic behaviour. Animal Behaviour. Retrieved October 14, 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meshaka Jr, W. E., & Hughes, D. F. (n.d.). Collinsorum 3 1 - ksherp.com. Retrieved October 14, 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wellsvoc-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellsvoc_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1978" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, Kentwood D (November 1978). "Territoriality in the green frog (Rana clamitans): Vocalizations and agonistic behaviour". <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Behaviour_(journal)" title="Animal Behaviour (journal)">Animal Behaviour</a></i>. <b>26</b> (4): 1051–1054. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0003-3472%2878%2990094-5">10.1016/0003-3472(78)90094-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54344542">54344542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Territoriality+in+the+green+frog+%28Rana+clamitans%29%3A+Vocalizations+and+agonistic+behaviour&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1051-1054&rft.date=1978-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0003-3472%2878%2990094-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54344542%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Kentwood+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meshaka-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meshaka_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meshaka_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeshakaHughes2014" class="citation journal cs1">Meshaka, Walter E.; Hughes, Daniel F. (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ksherp.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Collinsorum_3_1.pdf">"Adult body size and reproductive characteristics of the Green Frog, Lithobates clamitans melanotus (Rafi nesque, 1820),from a single site in the northern Allegheny Mountains"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Collinsorum</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 13–16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collinsorum&rft.atitle=Adult+body+size+and+reproductive+characteristics+of+the+Green+Frog%2C+Lithobates+clamitans+melanotus+%28Rafi+nesque%2C+1820%29%2Cfrom+a+single+site+in+the+northern+Allegheny+Mountains&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-16&rft.date=2014-04&rft.aulast=Meshaka&rft.aufirst=Walter+E.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Daniel+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fksherp.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2FCollinsorum_3_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korfel, C. A., & Hetherington, T. E. (n.d.). Disease of aquatic organisms 109:107 - int-res.com. Retrieved October 14, 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com/amphibians/frogsandtoads/northern-green-frog/green_frog.php">"Green Frog Lithobates clamitans"</a>. Virginia Herpetological Society. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Frog+Lithobates+clamitans&rft.pub=Virginia+Herpetological+Society&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com%2Famphibians%2Ffrogsandtoads%2Fnorthern-green-frog%2Fgreen_frog.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, T. A., Fraker, M. E., & Ludsin, S. A. (n.d.). Space use of predatory larval dragonflies and tadpole prey in response to chemical cues of predation. BioOne Complete. Retrieved October 14, 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, J. B., Hibbitts, T. J., Adams, C. K., & Saenz, D. (n.d.). Naturally occurring variation in tadpole morphology and performance linked to Predator regime. Ecology and evolution. Retrieved October 14, 2022</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rana_clamitans" class="extiw" title="commons:Rana clamitans"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Rana clamitans</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rana_clamitans" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Rana clamitans">Rana clamitans</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Amphibian_Specialist_Group2015" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/58578/64412670">"<i>Lithobates clamitans</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T58578A64412670. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Lithobates+clamitans&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T58578A64412670&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en&rft.au=IUCN+SSC+Amphibian+Specialist+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F58578%2F64412670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALithobates+clamitans" class="Z3988"></span> Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille, P.A.</a></span> 1801. <i><b>In:</b></i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert_Sonnini_de_Manoncourt" title="Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt">Sonnini, C.S.</a>, & Latreille, P.A.</span> (1801). <i>Histoire naturelle des reptiles, avec figures desinées d'après nature; Tome II. Première partie. Quadrupèdes et bipèdes ovipares</i> [= Natural History of the Reptiles, with Figures Drawn from Nature; Volume 2. First Part. Oviparous Quadrupeds and Bipeds]. Paris: Deterville. 332 pp. (<i>Rana clamitans</i>, new species, pp. 157–158). (in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Lithobates clamitans</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4667968" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q4667968">Q4667968</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lithobates clamitans">Lithobates clamitans</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/lithobates-clamitans/">lithobates-clamitans</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Amphibian_Species_of_the_World" title="Amphibian Species of the World">ASW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Lithobates/Lithobates-clamitans">Lithobates-clamitans</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3VHPW">3VHPW</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/330883">330883</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2427172">2427172</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1970">1970</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/65982">65982</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=775087">775087</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/58578">58578</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NAS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=72">72</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102178/">2.102178</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=145282">145282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/203550/">203550</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=515378">515378</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Rana clamitans</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159363" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q159363">Q159363</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithobates_clamitans_clamitans" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lithobates clamitans clamitans">Lithobates clamitans clamitans</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/AmphibiaWeb" title="AmphibiaWeb">AmphibiaWeb</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amphibiaweb.org/species/5009">5009</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id181895">181895</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=8697">8697</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4RDM7">4RDM7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/RANSCL">RANSCL</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2427174">2427174</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10695861">10695861</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173438">173438</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=515378">515378</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&oldid=1233159711">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&oldid=1233159711</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List least concern species">IUCN Red List least concern species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lithobates" title="Category:Lithobates">Lithobates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amphibians_of_North_America" title="Category:Amphibians of North America">Amphibians of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amphibians_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Amphibians of the United States">Amphibians of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_the_Eastern_United_States" title="Category:Fauna of the Eastern United States">Fauna of the Eastern United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille">Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amphibians_described_in_1801" title="Category:Amphibians described in 1801">Amphibians described in 1801</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons link is locally defined">Commons link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_automatically_added_original_combinations" title="Category:Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations">Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 July 2024, at 15:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithobates_clamitans&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f58cd8b6-vz6hj","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.030","walltime":"1.264","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8066,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":85328,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7521,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":94602,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":21,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1154.680 1 -total"," 28.41% 328.054 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 27.95% 322.750 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 27.24% 314.560 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 24.14% 278.732 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.02% 115.695 2 Template:Cite_iucn"," 7.94% 91.719 14 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.12% 82.243 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.72% 54.535 2 Template:Sister_project"," 4.71% 54.359 1 Template:Commons"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.715","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9122668,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-5df79d45d6-smn6r","timestamp":"20241203072034","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lithobates clamitans","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithobates_clamitans","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4667968","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4667968","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-08-29T22:24:15Z","dateModified":"2024-07-07T15:55:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/Male_Green_Frog_-_Hunterdon_County%2C_NJ.jpg","headline":"species of amphibian"}</script> </body> </html>