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<li id="toc-Before_establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Before establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Establishment to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Councils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Councils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Councils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Councils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_make-up_of_the_councils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_make-up_of_the_councils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Political make-up of the councils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_make-up_of_the_councils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1999_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1999_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1999 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1999_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2003 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2007 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>2011 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>2015 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>2019 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_District_council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_District_council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>2023 District council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_District_council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to The expected District council compositions after they are purged pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2023 Hong Kong electoral changes">District Councils (Amendment) Ordinance 2023</a>.) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; background:white; border:1px solid #8C0046;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046; background:#A20051"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hkpol2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/170px-Hkpol2.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/255px-Hkpol2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/340px-Hkpol2.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#C40062; color:white; border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046;"> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#b0b0b8">Politics</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#b0b0b8">government</span></a><br /> of <span class="region">Hong Kong</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Laws</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee">Drafting Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Consultative Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> (national security laws)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">2024 law</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45">Article 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_46" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 46">Article 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_69" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 69">Article 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino%E2%80%93British_Joint_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino–British Joint Declaration">Sino–British Joint Declaration</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_criminal_law" title="Hong Kong criminal law">Criminal law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Capital punishment in Hong Kong">Capital punishment in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Procedure (Hong Kong)">Criminal procedure</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jury_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Jury system in Hong Kong">Jury system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Human rights</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Internet censorship in Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_(government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lee (government official)">John Lee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_Executive" title="Office of the Chief Executive">Office of the Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_officials_of_Hong_Kong" title="Principal officials of Hong Kong">Principal officials</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chan" title="Eric Chan">Eric Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_(Hong_Kong)" title="Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)">Financial Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chan_Mo-po" title="Paul Chan Mo-po">Paul Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary for Justice (Hong Kong)">Secretary for Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lam" title="Paul Lam">Paul Lam</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Executive Council of Hong Kong">Executive Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Convenor: <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Secretariat" title="Government Secretariat">Government Secretariat</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_government_agencies" title="List of Hong Kong government agencies">Government agencies</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Bureau" title="Civil Service Bureau">Civil Service Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Secretariat_for_the_Advisory_Bodies_on_Civil_Service_and_Judicial_Salaries_and_Conditions_of_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service (page does not exist)">Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_and_Mainland_Affairs_Bureau" title="Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li> <li>Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism_Bureau" title="Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau">Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_and_Cultural_Services_Department" title="Leisure and Cultural Services Department">Leisure and Cultural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism Commission (page does not exist)">Tourism Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_Bureau" title="Education Bureau">Education Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>University Grants Committee Secretariat</li> <li>Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Ecology_Bureau" title="Environment and Ecology Bureau">Environment and Ecology Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Department" title="Environmental Protection Department">Environmental Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Conservation_Department" title="Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department">Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Environmental_Hygiene_Department" title="Food and Environmental Hygiene Department">Food and Environmental Hygiene Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a></li> <li>Government Laboratory</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Health Bureau (Hong Kong)">Health Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_and_Youth_Affairs_Bureau" title="Home and Youth Affairs Bureau">Home and Youth Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Department" title="Home Affairs Department">Home Affairs Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Services_Department" title="Information Services Department">Information Services Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Welfare_Bureau" title="Labour and Welfare Bureau">Labour and Welfare Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Welfare_Department" title="Social Welfare Department">Social Welfare Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Hong Kong Fire Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Department" title="Correctional Services Department">Correctional Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Customs and Excise Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Flying_Service" title="Government Flying Service">Government Flying Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aid_Service" title="Civil Aid Service">Civil Aid Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Medical_Service" title="Auxiliary Medical Service">Auxiliary Medical Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_and_Logistics_Bureau" title="Transport and Logistics Bureau">Transport and Logistics Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Department" title="Transport Department">Transport Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)">Civil Aviation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_Department" title="Highways Department">Highways Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Marine Department (Hong Kong)">Marine Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Bureau" title="Housing Bureau">Housing Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Department" title="Housing Department">Housing Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_and_Economic_Development_Bureau" title="Commerce and Economic Development Bureau">Commerce and Economic Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Intellectual Property Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invest_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Invest Hong Kong">Invest Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Communications_Authority" title="Office of the Communications Authority">Office of the Communications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong_Post" title="Hongkong Post">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Department" title="Trade and Industry Department">Trade and Industry Department</a></li> <li>Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">Radio Television Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bureau" title="Development Bureau">Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Services_Department" title="Architectural Services Department">Architectural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_Department" title="Buildings Department">Buildings Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_and_Development_Department" title="Civil Engineering and Development Department">Civil Engineering and Development Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_Services_Department" title="Drainage Services Department">Drainage Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_and_Mechanical_Services_Department" title="Electrical and Mechanical Services Department">Electrical and Mechanical Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Lands Department">Lands Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" title="Land Registry (Hong Kong)">Land Registry</a></li> <li>Planning Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Supplies_Department" title="Water Supplies Department">Water Supplies Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_and_the_Treasury_Bureau" title="Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau">Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Census and Statistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Registry (Hong Kong)">Companies Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Logistics_Department" title="Government Logistics Department">Government Logistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Property_Agency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Government Property Agency (Hong Kong)">Government Property Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)">Inland Revenue Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Receiver%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Receiver's Office">Official Receiver's Office</a></li> <li>Rating and Valuation Department</li> <li>Treasury</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Innovation,_Technology_and_Industry_Bureau" title="Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau">Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Office" title="Efficiency Office">Efficiency Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_Chief_Information_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government Chief Information Officer">Office of the Government Chief Information Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_and_Technology_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Innovation and Technology Commission">Innovation and Technology Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Hong Kong Civil Service</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="Administrative Officer (Hong Kong)">Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Appointments_System" title="Political Appointments System">Political Appointments System</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Leung" title="Andrew Leung">Andrew Leung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">List of Members of the Legislative Council</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Political camps:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">Localist camp</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cheung" title="Andrew Cheung">Andrew Cheung</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="High Court of Hong Kong">High Court</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_the_High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong">Chief Judge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Poon_Shiu-chor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Poon Shiu-chor">Jeremy Poon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Appeal</a> <ul><li>President of the Court of Appeal</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_First_Instance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)">Court of First Instance</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/District_Court_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Court (Hong Kong)">District Court</a> </p> <ul><li>Chief District Judge: Justin Ko</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_Court_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates' Court (Hong Kong)">Magistrates' Court</a> </p> <ul><li>Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak</li></ul> <p>Special courts and tribunals: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Coroner’s_Court" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Coroner’s Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Labour_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Labour Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Tribunal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Lands Tribunal (Hong Kong)">Lands Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Misconduct_Tribunal" title="Market Misconduct Tribunal">Market Misconduct Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Obscene_Articles_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Obscene Articles Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Small_Claims_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Small Claims Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/District_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Officer (Hong Kong)">District Officers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="District Councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Western_District" title="Central and Western District">Central and Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Eastern District, Hong Kong">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_District" title="Islands District">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_City_district" title="Kowloon City district">Kowloon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwai_Tsing_District" title="Kwai Tsing District">Kwai Tsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_District" title="Kwun Tong District">Kwun Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_District,_Hong_Kong" title="North District, Hong Kong">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District" title="Sai Kung District">Sai Kung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_District" title="Sha Tin District">Sha Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po_District" title="Sham Shui Po District">Sham Shui Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Southern District, Hong Kong">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_District" title="Tai Po District">Tai Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_District" title="Tsuen Wan District">Tsuen Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_District" title="Tuen Mun District">Tuen Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_District" title="Wan Chai District">Wan Chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin_District" title="Wong Tai Sin District">Wong Tai Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yau_Tsim_Mong_District" title="Yau Tsim Mong District">Yau Tsim Mong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_District" title="Yuen Long District">Yuen Long</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_committees_of_Hong_Kong" title="Area committees of Hong Kong">Area committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Affairs_Commission" title="Electoral Affairs Commission">Electoral Affairs Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li></ul> <p>Chief Executive Elections </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">Election Committee</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_elections" title="Hong Kong legislative elections">Legislative elections</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituency" title="Geographical constituency">Geographical Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">Functional Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(constituency)" title="Election Committee (constituency)">Election Committee Constituency</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="Hong Kong local elections">District council elections</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of constituencies of Hong Kong">List of constituencies of Hong Kong</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">Universal suffrage</a><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">Documents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_identity_card" title="Hong Kong identity card">Hong Kong identity card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">HKSAR Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)_passport" title="British National (Overseas) passport">BNO Passport</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Consular missions in Hong Kong</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Trade_Office" title="Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office">Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">Hong Kong–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Hong Kong–Philippines relations">Hong Kong–Philippines relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Hong Kong–Singapore relations">Hong Kong–Singapore relations</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong#Relations_with_Mainland_China" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong–China relations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Beijing">Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong–Taiwan relations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic,_Trade_and_Cultural_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office">Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council">Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal; border:1px solid #8C0046;"> <b>Related topics</b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></li></ul></div> <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></b></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">District council</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:區">區</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:議會">議會</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">区议会</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qūyìhuì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chʻü¹-i⁴-hui⁴</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Kēui yi wúi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Keoi1 ji3 wui2</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>district councils</b>, formerly <b>district boards</b> until 1999, are the local councils for the 18 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">districts of Hong Kong</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_establishment">Before establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:District_councils_of_Hong_Kong#Disputed" title="Talk:District councils of Hong Kong">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong#History" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts of Hong Kong § History</a></div> <p>An early basis for the delivery of local services were the <a href="/wiki/Kaifong_associations" title="Kaifong associations">Kaifong associations</a>, set up in 1949. However, by the 1960s, these had ceased to represent local interests, and so, in 1968, the government established the first local administrative structure with the city district offices, which were intended to enable it to mobilise support for its policies and programmes, such as in health and crime-reduction campaigns. An aim was also to monitor the grass roots, following the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1967_Leftist_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong 1967 Leftist riots">1967 riots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IanScott_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IanScott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Community Involvement Plan, launched in the early 1970s, Hong Kong and Kowloon were divided into 74 areas, each of around 45,000 people. For each, an '<a href="/wiki/Area_committees_of_Hong_Kong" title="Area committees of Hong Kong">area committee</a>' of twenty members was then appointed by the city district officers, and was comprised, for the first time, of members from all sectors of the local community, led by an unofficial member of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> (Legco). The initial purpose was to help implement the 'Clean Hong Kong' campaign, by distributing publicity material to local people. This was held to be a success.<sup id="cite_ref-IanScott_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IanScott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A next stage in the government's effort to increase local engagement and influence was the setting up, in June 1973, of mutual aid committees (MACs) in high-rise residential buildings. These were described in Legco as "a group of responsible citizens, resident in the same multi-storey building who work together to solve common problems of cleanliness and security." In fact, they were tightly controlled by the government. With government encouragement, the number of such committees increased rapidly in these private buildings, from 1,214 in 1973 to 3,463 in 1980. The scheme was extended to public housing estates, of which 800 had MACs in 1980, as well as factories and in the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IanScott_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IanScott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next development was the establishment of eight district advisory boards in the districts of the New Territories, starting with <a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan" title="Tsuen Wan">Tsuen Wan</a> in 1977. The boards, whose members were appointed, were more formally constituted than the city district boards, charged with advising on local matters, recommending minor district works, and conducting cultural and recreational activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_to_present">Establishment to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Then in 1982, under the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Murray_MacLehose" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Murray MacLehose">Sir Murray MacLehose</a>, the district boards were established under the District Administration Scheme. The aim was to improve co-ordination of government activities in the provision of services and facilities at the district level and the boards initially took over the roles of the district advisory boards.<sup id="cite_ref-IanScott_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IanScott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, the boards comprised only appointed members and government officials, but from 1982, a proportion of each was elected.<sup id="cite_ref-IanScott_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IanScott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an attempt to inject a democratic element into the Legislative Council, the government introduced a model where some legislators were elected indirectly by members of the district councils. Twelve legislators were returned by an 'electoral college' of district councillors in 1985. The practice was repeated in 1988 and 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the HKSAR was established in 1997, as part of the "through train", the district boards became provisional district boards, composed of all the original members of the boards supplemented by others appointed by the chief executive. (Under the British administration, the Governor had refrained from appointing any member.) </p><p>Later in early 1999 a bill was passed in the Legislative Council providing mainly for the establishment, composition and functions of the District Councils, which would replace the Provisional District Boards. The 27 <i>ex officio</i> seats of <a href="/wiki/Rural_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Committee">Rural Committees</a>, abolished by the colonial authorities, were reinstated. The government rejected any public survey or referendum on the issue, saying that it had been studying the issue since 1997, and had received 98 favourable submissions. The self-proclaimed pro-democracy camp dubbed the move "a setback to the pace of democracy" because it was a throwback to the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the government proposed that five legislators be added to district council functional constituencies, and be elected by proportional representation of elected DC members.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Consultation_Document_on_the_Methods_for_Selecting_the_Chief_Executive_and_for_Forming_the_LegCo_in_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012">politically controversial deal between the Democratic Party and the Beijing government</a>, this was changed to allow the five seats to be elected by those members of the general electorate who did not otherwise have a functional constituency vote. </p><p>Under the district councillor appointment system, 102 district councillors out of 534 were picked by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>, while the remainder were democratically elected by voters in each district. The system was abolished in 2013, and the new District Councils after the <a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2015 Hong Kong local elections">2015 election</a> no longer have appointed members. </p><p>In 2023, the government proposed to cut the direct elect seats of district councilors from 452 to 88 seats while the total seats cut from 479 to 470 seats. Besides, all district councilors candidate who opt for election must be vetted and passed by the new <a href="/wiki/District_Council_Eligibility_Review_Committee" title="District Council Eligibility Review Committee">District Council Eligibility Review Committee</a>. The proposal has been approved by <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> in July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-dc2023_freepress01_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dc2023_freepress01-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dc2023_gld01_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dc2023_gld01-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dc2023_gld02_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dc2023_gld02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functions">Functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The councils are mandated to advise the Government on the following: </p> <ul><li>matters affecting the well-being of people in the District;</li> <li>the provision and use of public facilities and services within the District;</li> <li>the adequacy and priorities of Government programmes for the District;</li> <li>the use of public funds allocated to the District for local public works and community activities; and</li></ul> <p>District councils also undertake the following within the respective districts with its available funds allocated by the government: </p> <ul><li>environmental improvements;</li> <li>the promotion of recreational and cultural activities; and</li> <li>community activities</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Councils">Councils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Councils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg/350px-Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg/525px-Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg/700px-Map_of_Hong_Kong_18_Districts_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>Map of district councils</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a district council for each of the following eighteen districts. The number in parentheses corresponds to the number shown on the map at the right. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>District </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Population (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Western_District_Council" title="Central and Western District Council">Central and Western</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>235,953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District_Council" title="Eastern District Council">Eastern</a> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>529,603 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_Council" title="Southern District Council">Southern</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>263,278 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_District_Council" title="Wan Chai District Council">Wan Chai</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>166,695 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_City_District_Council" title="Kowloon City District Council">Kowloon City</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>410,634 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_District_Council" title="Kwun Tong District Council">Kwun Tong</a> </td> <td>40 </td> <td>673,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po_District_Council" title="Sham Shui Po District Council">Sham Shui Po</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>431,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin_District_Council" title="Wong Tai Sin District Council">Wong Tai Sin</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>406,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yau_Tsim_Mong_District_Council" title="Yau Tsim Mong District Council">Yau Tsim Mong</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>310,647 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islands_District_Council" title="Islands District Council">Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>185,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>11</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwai_Tsing_District_Council" title="Kwai Tsing District Council">Kwai Tsing</a> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>495,798 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>12</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_District_Council" title="North District Council">North</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>309,631 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>13</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District_Council" title="Sai Kung District Council">Sai Kung</a> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>489,037 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>14</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_District_Council" title="Sha Tin District Council">Sha Tin</a> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>692,806 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>15</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_District_Council" title="Tai Po District Council">Tai Po</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>316,470 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>16</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_District_Council" title="Tsuen Wan District Council">Tsuen Wan</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>320,094 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>17</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_District_Council" title="Tuen Mun District Council">Tuen Mun</a> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>506,879 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>18</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_District_Council" title="Yuen Long District Council">Yuen Long</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>668,080 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg/350px-Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg/525px-Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg/700px-Changes_to_the_composition_of_the_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>Changes to the composition of the District Councils: <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"><dt id="2019_election_(479_seats)"><dfn><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019 election</a> (479 seats)</dfn></dt> <dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD701; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Directly elected (452)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Ex-officio (Chairmen of <a href="/wiki/Rural_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Committee">Rural Committee</a>) (27)</li></ul></div></dd> </td> <td style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"><dt id="2023_election_(470_seats)"><dfn>2023 election (470 seats)</dfn></dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD701; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Directly elected (88)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Ex-officio (Chairmen of <a href="/wiki/Rural_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Committee">Rural Committee</a>) (27)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000080; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Indirectly elected (Electoral College of "Three Committees") (176)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Appointed (179)</li></ul></div></dd> </td></tr></tbody></table> </figcaption></figure> <p>Following revamp of District Councils announced by the Government in <a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2023 Hong Kong electoral changes">2023</a>, the number of the elected seats is significantly reduced to around 20%, while each of the 40 per cent of the seats will be returned by indirect elections and by revived government's appointment. <a href="/wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote" title="Single non-transferable vote">Single non-transferable vote</a> replaced "<a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first past the post</a>" system, as previously implemented in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2021 Hong Kong electoral changes">2021 reform</a>. </p><p>Before the drastic change, there were a total of 479 district council members in the <a href="/wiki/6th_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" title="6th District Councils of Hong Kong">sixth District Councils</a>. Except 27 ex-officio seats occupied by Chairmen of <a href="/wiki/Rural_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Committee">Rural Committees</a> in the New Territories, all were returned by direct election. </p><p>District Councils are chaired by <a href="/wiki/District_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Officer (Hong Kong)">District Officers</a> starting from 2024, and had been the case in the first three years of District Boards (name of District Councils before handover), i.e. between 1982 and 1985. Since 1985 and until 2023 chairmen of District Boards are elected from amongst the members. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Elected </th> <th colspan="2">Ex-officio </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br />College<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">Appointed </th> <th rowspan="2">Overall </th></tr> <tr> <th width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Committee">Rural<br />Committee</a></th> <th width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_Council" title="Urban Council">Urban<br />Council</a> </th> <th>Non-<br />official </th> <th>Official </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1982_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1982 Hong Kong local elections">1982</a> </th> <td>1982/4/1–85/3/31</td> <td>132</td> <td>27</td> <td>30 </td> <td>—</td> <td>134 </td> <td>167</td> <td>490 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1985_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1985 Hong Kong local elections">1985</a> </th> <td>1985/4/1–88/3/31</td> <td>237</td> <td>27</td> <td>30 </td> <td>—</td> <td>132 </td> <td>—</td> <td>426 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1988_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1988 Hong Kong local elections">1988</a> </th> <td>1988/4/1–91/3/31</td> <td>264</td> <td>27</td> <td>30 </td> <td>—</td> <td>141 </td> <td>—</td> <td>462 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1991 Hong Kong local elections">1991</a> </th> <td>1991/4/1–94/9/30</td> <td>274</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>140 </td> <td>—</td> <td>441 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1994 Hong Kong local elections">1994</a> </th> <td>1994/10/1–97/6/30</td> <td>346</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>373 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">(Prov.)</a> </th> <td>1997/7/1–99/12/31</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>469<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>—</td> <td>469 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1999 Hong Kong local elections">1999</a> </th> <td>2000/1/1–03/12/31</td> <td>390</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>102 </td> <td>—</td> <td>519 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2003 Hong Kong local elections">2003</a> </th> <td>2004/1/1–07/12/31</td> <td>400</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>102 </td> <td>—</td> <td>529 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2007 Hong Kong local elections">2007</a> </th> <td>2008/1/1–11/12/31</td> <td>405</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>102 </td> <td>—</td> <td>534 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong local elections">2011</a> </th> <td>2012/1/1–15/12/31</td> <td>412</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>68 </td> <td>—</td> <td>507 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2015 Hong Kong local elections">2015</a> </th> <td>2016/1/1–19/12/31</td> <td>431</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>458 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019</a> </th> <td>2020/1/1–23/12/31</td> <td>452</td> <td>27</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>479 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2023 Hong Kong local elections">2023</a> </th> <td>2024/1/1– </td> <td>88 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>— </td> <td>176 </td> <td>179 </td> <td>— </td> <td>470 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/panels/ca/papers/ca0427cb2-consultation-e.pdf">Review of the Roles, Functions and Composition</a></i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indirectly elected by members of <a href="/wiki/Area_committees_of_Hong_Kong" title="Area committees of Hong Kong">Area Committees</a>, District Fight Crime Committees, and District Fire Safety Committees</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including all 373 councillors before handover and 95 newly appointed councillors</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_make-up_of_the_councils">Political make-up of the councils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political make-up of the councils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2 January 2020: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:88%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10px" class="unsortable"> </th> <th width="10px" class="unsortable"> </th> <th width="75px">Council/<br />Party </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Western_District_Council" title="Central and Western District Council">CW</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_District_Council" title="Wan Chai District Council">WC</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District_Council" title="Eastern District Council">E</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_Council" title="Southern District Council">S</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Yau_Tsim_Mong_District_Council" title="Yau Tsim Mong District Council">YTM</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po_District_Council" title="Sham Shui Po District Council">SSP</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_City_District_Council" title="Kowloon City District Council">KC</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin_District_Council" title="Wong Tai Sin District Council">WTS</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_District_Council" title="Kwun Tong District Council">KT</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_District_Council" title="Tsuen Wan District Council">TW</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_District_Council" title="Tuen Mun District Council">TM</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_District_Council" title="Yuen Long District Council">YL</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/North_District_Council" title="North District Council">N</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_District_Council" title="Tai Po District Council">TP</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District_Council" title="Sai Kung District Council">SK</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_District_Council" title="Sha Tin District Council">ST</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Kwai_Tsing_District_Council" title="Kwai Tsing District Council">KWT</a> </th> <th width="35px"><a href="/wiki/Islands_District_Council" title="Islands District Council">I</a> </th> <th width="45px">TOTAL </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:Moccasin;border-bottom-style:hidden;" rowspan="34"> </td> <td style="background-color:#5FB04A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic</a></td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>3</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6</td> <td>12</td> <td>1 </td> <th>90 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #7F3F98;" data-sort-value="Civic Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>2 </td> <th>32 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F9B924; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Neo_Democrats" title="Neo Democrats">ND</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>9</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>19 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #faf400;" data-sort-value="HKADPL"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/HKADPL" class="mw-redirect" title="HKADPL">ADPL</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>11</td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>19 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00B2BD; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Community_Sha_Tin" title="Community Sha Tin">CST</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>8 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#73BC7C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Team_Chu_Hoi-dick_of_New_Territories_West" title="Team Chu Hoi-dick of New Territories West">TCHD</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>7 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F7941E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Labour Party (Hong Kong)">Labour</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>7 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E3572B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Concern_Group_for_Tseung_Kwan_O_People%27s_Livelihood" title="Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood">CGPLTKO</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>6 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#BDDC06; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Community_March" title="Community March">CM</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>5 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#1E4399; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Community_Alliance" title="Community Alliance">CA</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>5 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#007BA7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_Community_Network" title="Tuen Mun Community Network">TMCN</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>4 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FFC500;" data-sort-value="Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_and_Workers_Service_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre">NWSC</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td> </td> <th>4 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#569FA5; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tin_Shui_Wai_Connection" title="Tin Shui Wai Connection">TSWC</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>4 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#20B267; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_Democratic_Alliance" title="Tai Po Democratic Alliance">TPDA</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>3 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#674496; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Social_Association" title="Victoria Social Association">VSA</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>3 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FBDD07; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Passion" title="Civic Passion">Civ Passion</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#1c41e0; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_Tin_Shui_Wai_Democratic_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance">DA</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#7CBECC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Deliberation_Tsuen_Wan" title="Deliberation Tsuen Wan">DTW</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E30E1A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tseung_Kwan_O_Pioneers" title="Tseung Kwan O Pioneers">TKOP</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#e0050d; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">LSD</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#4DB847; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_Commons" title="Sai Kung Commons">SKC</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FECB31; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tseung_Kwan_O_Shining" title="Tseung Kwan O Shining">TKOS</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD12B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People_Power_(Hong_Kong)" title="People Power (Hong Kong)">PP</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#450A09; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empowering_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empowering Hong Kong (page does not exist)">EHK</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#22E1E9; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsing_Yi_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsing Yi People (page does not exist)">TYP</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#11A0B4; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lung_Mun_Concern_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lung Mun Concern Group (page does not exist)">LMCG</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#53bfa7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheung_Sha_Wan_West_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheung Sha Wan West Front (page does not exist)">CSWWF</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FEF013; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shau_Kei_Wan_East_Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shau Kei Wan East Future (page does not exist)">CKWEF</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E56F73; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_Community_Network" title="Tsuen Wan Community Network">TWCN</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#62AB25; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_East_Community" title="Kowloon East Community">KEC</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F37943; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synergy_Kowloon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synergy Kowloon (page does not exist)">SK</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6CC6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Autonomy_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civic Autonomy Power (page does not exist)">CAP</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6201; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_Shui_Wai_Livelihood_Progression_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tin Shui Wai Livelihood Progression Union (page does not exist)">TSWLPU</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="–Other democrats">Ind & others</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>19</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>13</td> <td>13</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>13</td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>16</td> <td>8</td> <td>4 </td> <th>147 </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:Moccasin" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><i><b>Pro-democrats</b></i></td> <td><b>14</b></td> <td><b>9</b></td> <td><b>32</b></td> <td><b>15</b></td> <td><b>17</b></td> <td><b>22</b></td> <td><b>15</b></td> <td><b>25</b></td> <td><b>28</b></td> <td><b>16</b></td> <td><b>28</b></td> <td><b>33</b></td> <td><b>15</b></td> <td><b>19</b></td> <td><b>26</b></td> <td><b>40</b></td> <td><b>27</b></td> <td><b>7</b></td> <td><b>388</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:lightblue;border-bottom-style:hidden;" rowspan="7"> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #1861AC;" data-sort-value="DABHK"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/DABHK" class="mw-redirect" title="DABHK">DAB</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>1 </td> <th>21 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FF0000;" data-sort-value="HKFTU"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/HKFTU" class="mw-redirect" title="HKFTU">FTU</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>5 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00aeef;" data-sort-value="LPHK"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/LPHK" class="mw-redirect" title="LPHK">Liberal</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>5 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #78caec;" data-sort-value="BPAHK"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/BPAHK" class="mw-redirect" title="BPAHK">BPA</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>5 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #5A3D1B;" data-sort-value="Federation of Public Housing Estates"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Public_Housing_Estates" title="Federation of Public Housing Estates">FPHE</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>3 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #509ccd;" data-sort-value="Roundtable (Hong Kong)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_(Hong_Kong)" title="Roundtable (Hong Kong)">Roundtable</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="text-align:left;" data-sort-value="–Other Beijing">Ind & others</td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td>12</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>10 </td> <th>48 </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:lightblue" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><i><b>Pro-Beijing</b></i></td> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><b>3</b></td> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><b>3</b></td> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><b>10</b></td> <td><b>0</b></td> <td><b>12</b></td> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><b>12</b></td> <td><b>7</b></td> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><b>5</b></td> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><b>5</b></td> <td><b>11</b></td> <td><b>89</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Others</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th colspan="3">Vacant </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Councillors</th> <th>15</th> <th>13</th> <th>35</th> <th>17</th> <th>20</th> <th>25</th> <th>25</th> <th>25</th> <th>40</th> <th>21</th> <th>32</th> <th>45</th> <th>22</th> <th>21</th> <th>31</th> <th>42</th> <th>32</th> <th>18 </th> <th>479 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independence">Independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party affiliations and politics in the Legislative Council can be echoed in the district councils, who have sometimes been accused of slavishly supporting the government. Professor Li Pang-kwong, of <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_University_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan University (Hong Kong)">Lingnan University</a>, says that the problematic framework of the councils, being under the <a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Affairs Bureau">Home Affairs Bureau</a>, has led them to work too closely with the government. He cites the example of the "copy and paste" <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pier" title="Queen's Pier">Queen's Pier</a> motions passed by thirteen councils to support government decisions as a rubber-stamp, and a clear sign that councils lacked independence. Li recalled a similar government "consultation" on <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> in 2007, in which two-thirds of the councils passed a vote in support of its position. After it was revealed that the government was behind the concerted district councils' motions in 2008 supporting the relocation of Queen's Pier, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ho" title="Albert Ho">Albert Ho</a> condemned the government for tampering with district councils to "create public opinion", and for turning district officers into propagandists.<sup id="cite_ref-rubber_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubber-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1999_District_council_elections">1999 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1999 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1999_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1999 Hong Kong local elections">1999 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee_Hwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tung Chee Hwa">Tung Chee Hwa</a> appointed 100 members to the district councils. These included 41 from various political parties, namely the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (DAB), and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Progressive_Alliance" title="Hong Kong Progressive Alliance">Hong Kong Progressive Alliance</a>. No democrats were appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-dilute_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilute-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003_District_council_elections">2003 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2003 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2003 Hong Kong local elections">2003 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <p>In 2003, Tung appointed 21 political party appointees to the district councils to dilute the influence of the pan-democrats as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-grooms_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grooms-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>eight members of the Liberal Party</li> <li>six members of the DAB</li> <li>six members from the Progressive Alliance</li> <li>one from the New Century Forum</li></ul> <p>Professor of politics and sociology at <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_University_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan University (Hong Kong)">Lingnan University</a>, Dr. Li Pang-kwong said "As in the past, most of the appointees were pro-government or persons without a clear political stance... ensur[ing] that no district council is in the hands of the democrats."<sup id="cite_ref-dilute_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilute-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spokesman for the democrats said the appointees "will have an unfair advantage in that they are getting financial support from the government which will help them run for office in future elections."<sup id="cite_ref-dilute_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilute-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this election, this election would abolish the appointed members of the Hong Kong district councils. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_District_council_elections">2007 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2007 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2007 Hong Kong local elections">2007 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <p>In December 2007, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Donald Tsang</a> named 27 government-appointed council members.<sup id="cite_ref-grooms_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grooms-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>13 members of the Liberal Party</li> <li>11 members of the DAB</li> <li>three members from the Federation of Trade Unions</li></ul> <p>Tsang was criticised for not appointing a single member of the pan-democrats in either 2003 or 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-grooms_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grooms-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_District_council_elections">2011 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2011 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong local elections">2011 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <p>After the election, Donald Tsang appointed 68 members, none of them from the pan-democrat camp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015_District_council_elections">2015 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2015 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2015 Hong Kong local elections">2015 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_District_council_elections">2019 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2019 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/6th_District_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="6th District Council of Hong Kong">6th District Council of Hong Kong</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_District_council_elections">2023 District council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2023 District council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2023 Hong Kong local elections">2023 Hong Kong local elections</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes" title="2023 Hong Kong electoral changes">2023 Hong Kong electoral changes</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_Council_Eligibility_Review_Committee" title="District Council Eligibility Review Committee">District Council Eligibility Review Committee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/7th_District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" title="7th District Councils of Hong Kong">7th District Councils of Hong Kong</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Officer (Hong Kong)">District Officer (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Council_Eligibility_Review_Committee" title="District Council Eligibility Review Committee">District Council Eligibility Review Committee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De Golyer, Michael (13 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629154711/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=15&art_id=3320&sid=4970081&con_type=1">Building a backbone</a>, Commentary, <i>The Standard</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_councils_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IanScott-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IanScott_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IanScott_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IanScott_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IanScott_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IanScott_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFScott1989" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Ian (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalchangec0000scot"><i>Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong</i></a></span>. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalchangec0000scot/page/144">144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0824812697" title="Special:BookSources/0824812697"><bdi>0824812697</bdi></a>. <q>hong kong districts toothless OR powerless.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Change+and+the+Crisis+of+Legitimacy+in+Hong+Kong&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0824812697&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticalchangec0000scot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+councils+of+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span>, from p140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/district_admin.pdf">District Administration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907000229/http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/district_admin.pdf">Archived</a> 7 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Hong Kong Government</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheung,Gary (14 November 2009), "Universal suffrage an elusive goal", <i>South China Morning Post</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carmen Cheung, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=45442&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19990120&sear_year=1999">"Referendum ruled out on seats issue"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522074318/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=45442&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=19990120&sear_year=1999">Archived</a> 22 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Standard (Hong Kong)">The Standard</a></i>, 20 January 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, Diana, (15 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=11&art_id=96973&sid=27736844&con_type=1&d_str=20100415&fc=7">'Grab this golden chance'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629165410/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?we_cat=11&art_id=96973&sid=27736844&con_type=1&d_str=20100415&fc=7">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Standard</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dc2023_freepress01-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dc2023_freepress01_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2023/07/06/hong-kong-cuts-directly-elected-district-council-seats-as-overhaul-unanimously-approved/">"Hong Kong cuts directly elected District Council seats as overhaul unanimously approved"</a>. Hong Kong Free Press. 6 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+cuts+directly+elected+District+Council+seats+as+overhaul+unanimously+approved&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2023%2F07%2F06%2Fhong-kong-cuts-directly-elected-district-council-seats-as-overhaul-unanimously-approved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+councils+of+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dc2023_gld01-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dc2023_gld01_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/pdf/20232745e/egn2023274569.pdf">"Ordinance passed and promulgated"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hong Kong Government Gazette. 10 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710090226/https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/pdf/20232745e/egn2023274569.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ordinance+passed+and+promulgated&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Government+Gazette&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gld.gov.hk%2Fegazette%2Fpdf%2F20232745e%2Fegn2023274569.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+councils+of+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dc2023_gld02-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dc2023_gld02_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/pdf/20232745e/es12023274519.pdf">"District Councils (Amendment) Ordinance 2023--Ordinance No. 19 of 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Hong Kong Government Gazette. 10 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710090315/https://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/pdf/20232745e/es12023274519.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Councils+%28Amendment%29+Ordinance+2023--Ordinance+No.+19+of+2023&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Government+Gazette&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gld.gov.hk%2Fegazette%2Fpdf%2F20232745e%2Fes12023274519.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+councils+of+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/B1120106/att/B11201062021XXXXB01.pdf">2021 Population Census: Summary Results</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Census and Statistics Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government of Hong Kong</a>. February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=2021+Population+Census%3A+Summary+Results&rft.pub=Census+and+Statistics+Department%2C+Government+of+Hong+Kong&rft.date=2022-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censtatd.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fdata%2Fstat_report%2Fproduct%2FB1120106%2Fatt%2FB11201062021XXXXB01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+councils+of+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rubber-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rubber_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlga_Wong_&_Joyce_Ng2008" class="citation news cs1">Olga Wong & Joyce Ng (24 June 2008). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Rubber stamp' council lashed over pier vote". <i>South China Morning Post</i>. pp. A3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=%27Rubber+stamp%27+council+lashed+over+pier+vote&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=2008-06-24&rft.au=Olga+Wong+%26+Joyce+Ng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistrict+councils+of+Hong+Kong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dilute-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dilute_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilute_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilute_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Ng, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=34268&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20031229&sear_year=2003">Tung picks 'dilute' bodies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522074330/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=&art_id=34268&sid=&con_type=1&d_str=20031229&sear_year=2003">Archived</a> 22 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Standard</i>, 29 December 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grooms-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grooms_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grooms_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grooms_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Ching, "Tsang grooms his kind of political talent", Pg A12, <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>, 24 June 2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hong_Kong361" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kong_topics" title="Template:Hong Kong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hong_Kong_topics" title="Template talk:Hong Kong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hong_Kong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hong Kong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hong_Kong361" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hong_Kong" title="Outline of Hong Kong">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Hong_Kong" title="Index of articles related to Hong Kong">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Hong_Kong" title="Prehistoric Hong Kong">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_under_Imperial_China" title="History of Hong Kong under Imperial China">Imperial China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_County" title="Bao'an County">Bao'an County and Xin'an County</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_(1800s%E2%80%931930s)" title="History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)">1800s–1930s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_during_World_War_I" title="Hong Kong during World War I">WWI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Battle of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1950s in Hong Kong">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1960s in Hong Kong">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1970s in Hong Kong">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1980s in Hong Kong">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1990s in Hong Kong">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Handover of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2000s in Hong Kong">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2010s in Hong Kong">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2020s in Hong Kong">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Air pollution in Hong Kong">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of places in Hong Kong">Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of bays in Hong Kong">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_of_Hong_Kong" title="Beaches of Hong Kong">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong">Buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_channels_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of channels in Hong Kong">Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of towns in Hong Kong">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservation in Hong Kong">Country parks and conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Hong_Kong" title="Environment of Hong Kong">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Land reclamation in Hong Kong">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harbours_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of harbours in Hong Kong">Harbours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_and_peninsulas_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong">Islands and peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes of Hong Kong">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_parks_in_Hong_Kong" title="Marine parks in Hong Kong">Marine parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains,_peaks_and_hills_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong">Mountains and peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_public_parks_and_gardens_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of urban public parks and gardens in Hong Kong">Public parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of reservoirs of Hong Kong">Reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_and_nullahs_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of rivers and nullahs in Hong Kong">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of villages in Hong Kong">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong" title="Emblem of Hong Kong">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Legal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Hong_Kong_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong protests">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Fire services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Health_Bureau" title="Food and Health Bureau">Food and Health Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hong_Kong" title="Health in Hong Kong">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of banks in Hong Kong">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of companies of Hong Kong">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Employment in Hong Kong">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkers_in_Hong_Kong" title="Hawkers in Hong Kong">Hawkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hong_Kong" title="Port of Hong Kong">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Hong_Kong" title="Communications in Hong Kong">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">The Hongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Tourism in Hong Kong">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport of Hong Kong">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of airlines of Hong Kong">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_services_in_Hong_Kong" title="Bus services in Hong Kong">Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Cycling in Hong Kong">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hong_Kong#Ferries" title="Transport in Hong Kong">Ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of streets and roads in Hong Kong">List of roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rail transport in Hong Kong">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicabs_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs of Hong Kong">Taxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Hong_Kong" title="Crime in Hong Kong">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Prostitution in Hong Kong">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sex trafficking in Hong Kong">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Architecture of Hong Kong">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau_Bun_Festival" title="Cheung Chau Bun Festival">Cheung Chau Bun Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Gambling in Hong Kong">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Hong_Kong" title="Graffiti in Hong Kong">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Heritage conservation in Hong Kong">Heritage conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_%C3%97_blakeana" title="Bauhinia × blakeana">Hong Kong orchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Hong_Kong" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong">Honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hong_Kong" title="Languages of Hong Kong">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Hong Kong">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Rock_Spirit" title="Lion Rock Spirit">Lion Rock Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_literature" title="Hong Kong literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDull" title="McDull">McDull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hong_Kong" title="Media of Hong Kong">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of museums in Hong Kong">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hong_Kong" title="Music of Hong Kong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai_jong" title="Ngai jong">Ngai jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Demographics of Hong Kong">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hong_Kong" title="Women in Hong Kong">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Hong_Kong" title="Youth in Hong Kong">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Religion</a></li> <li><a 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