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Disponível em 10 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="روجر شيبرد — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روجر شيبرد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="روجر شيبرد — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روجر شيبرد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_N._Shepard" title="Roger N. Shepard — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roger N. Shepard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roger Shepard" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="راجر شپرد — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راجر شپرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roger Shepard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ロジャー・シェパード — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロジャー・シェパード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шепард, Роджер — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шепард, Роджер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Роджер Шепард — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роджер Шепард" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E6%B3%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="罗格·谢泼德 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗格·谢泼德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q932756#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Roger_Shepard" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Roger_Shepard" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&oldid=63111697" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:transparent; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Roger Shepard</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roger Shepard"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg/200px-Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg/300px-Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg/400px-Psychologist_Roger_Shepard_March_2019_ASU_SciAPP_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>Roger Shepard</figcaption></figure></div>Shepard na conferência da ASU SciAPP em março de 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nome completo </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Roger Newland Shepard </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/30_de_janeiro#Nascimentos" title="30 de janeiro">30 de janeiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> (95 anos)<br /><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a>, Califórnia, Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">cientista cognitivo </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Roger Newland Shepard</b> (nascido em 30 de janeiro de 1929) é um <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_cognitiva" title="Ciência cognitiva">cientista cognitivo norte-americano</a> e autor da "lei universal da generalização" (1987). Ele é considerado o pai da pesquisa em relações espaciais. Ele estudou <a href="/wiki/Rota%C3%A7%C3%A3o_mental" title="Rotação mental">a rotação mental</a> e foi um inventor da escala multidimensional não métrica, um método para representar certos tipos de dados estatísticos em uma forma gráfica que pode ser apreendida por humanos. A ilusão de ótica chamada de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesas_Shepard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesas Shepard (página não existe)">mesas de Shepard</a> e a ilusão auditiva chamada de <a href="/wiki/Tom_de_Shepard" title="Tom de Shepard">tons de Shepard</a> receberam seu nome. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shepard nasceu em 30 de janeiro de 1929 em <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a>, Califórnia. Seu pai era professor de ciência de materiais em Stanford.<sup id="cite_ref-MofD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MofD-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Quando criança e adolescente, ele gostava de mexer em relógios antigos, construir robôs e fazer modelos de poliedros regulares.<sup id="cite_ref-Speech_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ele frequentou Stanford como estudante de graduação, eventualmente se formando em psicologia<sup id="cite_ref-Speech_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> em 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitchcock_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitchcock-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shepard obteve seu Ph.D. em psicologia na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Yale" title="Universidade Yale">Universidade de Yale</a> em 1955 sob Carl Hovland, e completou o treinamento de pós-doutorado com <a href="/wiki/George_A._Miller" title="George A. Miller">George Armitage Miller</a> em <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Harvard" title="Universidade Harvard">Harvard</a>. Posteriormente, Shepard foi para o <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> e, em seguida, foi professor em Harvard antes de entrar para o corpo docente da Universidade de Stanford. Shepard é Professor Emérito Ray Lyman Wilbur de <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncias_sociais" title="Ciências sociais">Ciências Sociais</a> na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Stanford" title="Universidade Stanford">Universidade de Stanford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CogSciSoc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CogSciSoc-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seus ex-alunos incluem Lynn Cooper, <a href="/wiki/Leda_Cosmides" title="Leda Cosmides">Leda Cosmides</a>, Rob Fish, Jennifer Freyd, George Furnas, Carol L. Krumhansl, Daniel Levitin, Michael McBeath e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Miller" title="Geoffrey Miller">Geoffrey Miller</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pesquisa">Pesquisa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Pesquisa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pesquisa"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generalização_e_representação_mental"><span id="Generaliza.C3.A7.C3.A3o_e_representa.C3.A7.C3.A3o_mental"></span>Generalização e representação mental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Generalização e representação mental" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Generalização e representação mental"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Lanius_bucephalus_(eating_Earthworm).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lanius_bucephalus_%28eating_Earthworm%29.jpg/220px-Lanius_bucephalus_%28eating_Earthworm%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lanius_bucephalus_%28eating_Earthworm%29.jpg/330px-Lanius_bucephalus_%28eating_Earthworm%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lanius_bucephalus_%28eating_Earthworm%29.jpg/440px-Lanius_bucephalus_%28eating_Earthworm%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption> Pássaro com minhoca: explicando a generalização do estímulo, Shepard dá o exemplo de um pássaro que teve a experiência de um verme anterior generalizando para decidir se outro verme é comestível</figcaption></figure><p> Shepard começou a pesquisar mecanismos de generalização enquanto ainda era estudante de graduação em Yale: <sup id="cite_ref-Speech_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Eu estava agora convencido de que o problema da generalização era o problema mais fundamental com que se confrontava a teoria da aprendizagem. Como nunca encontramos exatamente a mesma situação total duas vezes, nenhuma teoria de aprendizagem pode ser completa sem uma lei que rege como o que é aprendido em uma situação se generaliza para outra.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escala_multidimensional_não_métrica"><span id="Escala_multidimensional_n.C3.A3o_m.C3.A9trica"></span>Escala multidimensional não métrica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Escala multidimensional não métrica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Escala multidimensional não métrica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1958, Shepard conseguiu um emprego na <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, cujas instalações de computador possibilitaram que ele expandisse o trabalho anterior sobre generalização. Ele relata: "Isso levou ao desenvolvimento de métodos agora conhecidos como escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico – primeiro por mim (Shepard, 1962a, 1962b) e, em seguida, com melhorias, por meu colega matemático do Bell Labs Joseph Kruskal (1964a, 1964b)."<sup id="cite_ref-Speech_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De acordo com a <a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_de_Psicologia" title="Associação Americana de Psicologia">American Psychological Association</a>, "o dimensionamento multidimensional não-métrico... forneceu às ciências sociais uma ferramenta de enorme poder para descobrir estruturas métricas a partir de dados ordinais sobre semelhanças."<sup id="cite_ref-1977Award_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1977Award-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotação_mental"><span id="Rota.C3.A7.C3.A3o_mental"></span>Rotação mental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Rotação mental" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Rotação mental"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Mental_rotation_task_(diagram).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mental_rotation_task_%28diagram%29.jpg/220px-Mental_rotation_task_%28diagram%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mental_rotation_task_%28diagram%29.jpg/330px-Mental_rotation_task_%28diagram%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Mental_rotation_task_%28diagram%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption> Tarefa de rotação mental. Montagens de cubos baseadas em desenhos de teste usados por Shepard e Metzler. Figuras bidimensionais semelhantes às usadas no trabalho de Shepard e Cooper</figcaption></figure> <p>Inspirado por um sonho de objetos tridimensionais girando no espaço, Shepard começou a projetar experimentos<sup id="cite_ref-Speech_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speech-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> para medir a rotação mental em 1968. A rotação mental envolve "imaginar como seria um objeto bidimensional ou tridimensional se girado para longe de sua posição vertical original."<sup id="cite_ref-2016Rotation_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016Rotation-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilusões_óticas_e_auditivas"><span id="Ilus.C3.B5es_.C3.B3ticas_e_auditivas"></span>Ilusões óticas e auditivas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Ilusões óticas e auditivas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ilusões óticas e auditivas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Table_shepard.preview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Table_shepard.preview.jpg/220px-Table_shepard.preview.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Table_shepard.preview.jpg/330px-Table_shepard.preview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Table_shepard.preview.jpg/440px-Table_shepard.preview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption> Ilusão de mesa de Shepard: os dois "tampos de mesa" são paralelogramos idênticos</figcaption></figure> <p>Em 1990, Shepard publicou uma coleção de seus desenhos chamada <i>Mind Sights: Original visual illusions, ambiguities, and other anomalies, with a commentary on the play of mind in perception and art</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MindSights_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MindSights-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma dessas ilusões ("Virando a mesa", p. 48) foi amplamente discutida e estudada como a "ilusão de mesa de Shepard" ou "mesas de Shepard". Outros, como o <a href="/wiki/Segrega%C3%A7%C3%A3o_figura-fundo" title="Segregação figura-fundo">elefante que confunde figura-fundo</a> que ele chama de "dilema L'egs-istential" (p. 79) também são amplamente conhecidos.<sup id="cite_ref-ElephantBest_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElephantBest-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shepard também é conhecido por sua invenção da ilusão musical conhecida como <a href="/wiki/Tom_de_Shepard" title="Tom de Shepard">tons de Shepard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconhecimento">Reconhecimento</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Reconhecimento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Reconhecimento"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>Review of General Psychology</i> apontou Shepard como um dos mais "eminentes psicólogos do século 20" (55º em uma lista de 99 nomes, publicada em 2002).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> As classificações da lista foram baseadas em citações de periódicos, menções em livros didáticos e nomeações por membros da American Psychological Society.<sup id="cite_ref-Ranking_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ranking-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Shepard foi eleito para a National Academy of Sciences em 1977<sup id="cite_ref-NAS_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAS-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> e para a <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> em 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1995, ele recebeu a <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Medalha Nacional de Ciências">Medalha Nacional de Ciência</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CogSciSoc_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CogSciSoc-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> A citação dizia: <sup id="cite_ref-1995Medal_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995Medal-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>"Por seu trabalho teórico e experimental elucidando a percepção da mente humana do mundo físico e por que a mente humana evoluiu para representar objetos como o faz; e por dar um propósito ao campo da ciência cognitiva e demonstrar o valor de trazer os <i>insights</i> de muitas disciplinas científicas a serem utilizadas na resolução de problemas científicos."</p></blockquote><p>Em 2006, ele ganhou o <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Rumelhart" title="Prêmio Rumelhart">Prêmio Rumelhart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CogSciSoc_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CogSciSoc-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Shepard&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurits_Cornelis_Escher" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurits Cornelis Escher">M. C. Escher</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MofD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MofD_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Seckel, Al (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mastersofdecepti00alse"><i>Masters of Deception: Escher, Dalí & the Artists of Optical Illusion</i></a>. [S.l.]: Sterling Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781402705779" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781402705779">9781402705779</a>. <q>Roger Shepard was born in Palo Alto, California. His father, a professor in materials science at Stanford, greatly encouraged and stimulated his son’s interest in science…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.aufirst=Al&rft.aulast=Seckel&rft.btitle=Masters+of+Deception%3A+Escher%2C+Dal%C3+%26+the+Artists+of+Optical+Illusion&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781402705779&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmastersofdecepti00alse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Speech-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speech_2-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speech_2-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speech_2-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speech_2-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speech_2-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shepard, Roger (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/BF03206455.pdf">«How a cognitive psychologist came to seek universal laws»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Psychonomic Bulletin & Review</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 1–23. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15116981">15116981</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3758%2FBF03206455">10.3758/BF03206455</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>I was now convinced that the problem of generalization was the most fundamental problem confronting learning theory. Because we never encounter exactly the same total situation twice, no theory of learning can be complete without a law governing how what is learned in one situation generalizes to another."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.atitle=How+a+cognitive+psychologist+came+to+seek+universal+laws&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Psychonomic+Bulletin+%26+Review&rft.pages=1-23&rft.volume=11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2F10.3758%2FBF03206455.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3758%2FBF03206455&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15116981&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitchcock-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hitchcock_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/esm/Shepard_99.html">«University of California Hitchcock Lectures»</a>. UCSB. 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>Shepard graduated from Stanford in 1951, and received his doctorate from Yale. He then held positions at Bell Labs and at Harvard University before going to Stanford, where he has been a member of the faculty for over 30 years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.btitle=University+of+California+Hitchcock+Lectures&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UCSB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anth.ucsb.edu%2Fprojects%2Fesm%2FShepard_99.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CogSciSoc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CogSciSoc_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CogSciSoc_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CogSciSoc_4-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cognitivesciencesociety.org/rumelhartprize/recipients/2006-recipient-roger-shepard/">«2006 Recipient: Roger Shepard»</a>. Cognitive Science Society. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>Roger N. Shepard is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is the William James Fellow of the American Psychological Association. In 1977 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. In 1995 he received United States’ highest scientific award, the National Medal of Science.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.btitle=2006+Recipient%3A+Roger+Shepard&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Cognitive+Science+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cognitivesciencesociety.org%2Frumelhartprize%2Frecipients%2F2006-recipient-roger-shepard%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1977Award-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1977Award_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">No Authorship Indicated (1977). «Roger N. Shepard: Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award». <i>American Psychologist</i>. <b>32</b> (1`): 62–67. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0078482">10.1037/h0078482</a>. <q>Recognizes the receipt of the American Psychological Association's 1976 Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award by Roger N. Shepard. The award citation reads: 'For his pioneering work in cognitive structures, especially his invention of nonmetric multidimensional scaling, which has provided the social sciences with a tool of enormous power for uncovering metric structures from ordinal data on similarities. In addition, his novel studies in recognition memory and pitch perception, and his latest innovative work on mental rotations--operations that may well underlie our ability to read and to recognize objects--have all contributed materially to our understanding of cognitive processes. His style of research exhibits a beautiful combination of depth and simplicity.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.atitle=Roger+N.+Shepard%3A+Distinguished+Scientific+Contribution+Award&rft.au=No+Authorship+Indicated&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%60&rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&rft.pages=62-67&rft.volume=32&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fh0078482&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016Rotation-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2016Rotation_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kaltner, Sandra; Jansen, Petra (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4974058">«Developmental Changes in Mental Rotation: A Dissociation Between Object-Based and Egocentric Transformations»</a>. <i>Adv Cog Psych</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 67–78. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4974058">4974058</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27512525">27512525</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5709%2Facp-0187-y">10.5709/acp-0187-y</a>. <q>Mental rotation (MR) is a specific visuo-spatial ability which involves the process of imagining how a two- or three-dimensional object would look if rotated away from its original upright position (Shepard & Metzler, 1971). In the classic paradigm of Cooper and Shepard (1973) two stimuli are presented simultaneously next to each other on a screen and the participant has to decide as fast and accurately as possible if the right stimulus, presented under a certain angle of rotation, is the same or a mirror-reversed image of the left stimulus, the so called comparison figure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.atitle=Developmental+Changes+in+Mental+Rotation%3A+A+Dissociation+Between+Object-Based+and+Egocentric+Transformations&rft.au=Jansen%2C+Petra&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.aulast=Kaltner&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Adv+Cog+Psych&rft.pages=67-78&rft.volume=12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4974058&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4974058&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5709%2Facp-0187-y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27512525&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MindSights-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MindSights_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shepard, RN (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1vtlQgAACAAJ"><i>Mind Sights: Original visual illusions, ambiguities, and other anomalies, with a commentary on the play of mind in perception and art</i></a>. [S.l.]: W.H. Freeman and Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0716721345" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0716721345">978-0716721345</a>. <q>Visual illusions, ambiguous figures, and depictions of impossible objects are inherently fascinating. Their violations of our most ingrained and immediate interpretations of external reality grab us at a deep, unarticulated level.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.aufirst=RN&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.btitle=Mind+Sights%3A+Original+visual+illusions%2C+ambiguities%2C+and+other+anomalies%2C+with+a+commentary+on+the+play+of+mind+in+perception+and+art&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0716721345&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman+and+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1vtlQgAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElephantBest-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ElephantBest_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gifford, Clive (17 de novembro de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/gallery/2014/nov/17/best-optical-illusions-ever-clive-gifford-eye-benders">«The best optical illusions to bend your eyes and blow your mind – in pictures»</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>Famous impossible images include the Penrose staircase and this little beauty, courtesy of renowned cognitive scientist and author of ‘’Mind Sights’’, Roger Newland Shepard. With his usual love of a quick joke, Shepard entitled the illusion L’egs-istential Quandary. It is impossible to isolate the elephant’s legs from the background.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.atitle=The+best+optical+illusions+to+bend+your+eyes+and+blow+your+mind+%93+in+pictures&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.aulast=Gifford&rft.date=2014-11-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fchildrens-books-site%2Fgallery%2F2014%2Fnov%2F17%2Fbest-optical-illusions-ever-clive-gifford-eye-benders&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation audio-visual"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2007/11/04/15859351/stephin-merritt-two-days-a-million-faces"><i>Stephin Merritt: Two Days, 'A Million Faces'<span></span></i></a> (video). NPR. 4 de novembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 9 de outubro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.btitle=Stephin+Merritt%3A+Two+Days%2C+%27A+Million+Faces%27&rft.date=2007-11-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2007%2F11%2F04%2F15859351%2Fstephin-merritt-two-days-a-million-faces&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/eminent.aspx">«The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century»</a>. <i>Review of General Psychology</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 139–152. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139">10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.atitle=The+100+most+eminent+psychologists+of+the+20th+century&rft.au=Borecky%2C+Chris+M.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Vinessa+K.&rft.au=McGahhey%2C+Reagan&rft.au=Powell%2C+John+L.%2C+III&rft.au=Russell%2C+Tenea+M.&rft.au=Warnick%2C+Jason+E.&rft.au=Warnick%2C+Renee&rft.au=Yarbrough%2C+Gary+L.&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.aulast=Haggbloom&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&rft.pages=139-152&rft.volume=6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2Fjulaug02%2Feminent.aspx&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ranking-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ranking_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/studyranks">«Study ranks the top 20th century psychologists»</a>. <i>APA Monitor</i>. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>The rankings were based on the frequency of three variables: journal citation, introductory psychology textbook citation and survey response. Surveys were sent to 1,725 members of the American Psychological Society, asking them to list the top psychologists of the century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.atitle=Study+ranks+the+top+20th+century+psychologists&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Monitor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2Fjulaug02%2Fstudyranks&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAS-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NAS_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/50538.html">«Roger N Shepard»</a>. National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>Election Year: 1977</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.btitle=Roger+N+Shepard&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fmembers%2F50538.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-APS_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Roger+Newland+Shepard&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">«American Philosophical Society Member History»</a>. American Philosophical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>He is the recipient of the James McKeen Cattell Fund Award, the Howard Crosby Warren Medal from the Society of Experimental Psychologists, the Award in the Behavioral Sciences from the New York Academy of Sciences, the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association, the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Science of Psychology from the American Psychological Foundation, the Wilbur Lucius Cross medal of the Yale Graduate School Alumni Association, the Rumelhart Prize in Cognitive Science, and the National Medal of Science. He has also received honorary degrees from Harvard, Rutgers, and the University of Arizona.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.btitle=American+Philosophical+Society+Member+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DRoger%2BNewland%2BShepard%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1995Medal-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1995Medal_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.jsp;jsessionid=34CD67DA96A24953F5C219379E854B95?recip_id=319">«The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details Roger N. Shepard»</a>. National Science Foundation. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2019</span>. <q>For his theoretical and experimental work elucidating the human mind's perception of the physical world and why the human mind has evolved to represent objects as it does; and for giving purpose to the field of cognitive science and demonstrating the value of bringing the insights of many scientific disciplines to bear in scientific problem solving.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Shepard&rft.btitle=The+President%27s+National+Medal+of+Science%3A+Recipient+Details+Roger+N.+Shepard&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Science+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fod%2Fnms%2Frecip_details.jsp%3Bjsessionid%3D34CD67DA96A24953F5C219379E854B95%3Frecip_id%3D319&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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