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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86" title="جمال بومن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمال بومن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="ג'מאל באומן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'מאל באומן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jamaal Bowman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джамал Боумен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джамал Боумен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جمال بومین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمال بومین" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician and educator (born 1976)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jamaal Bowman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bowman smiling in a navy blue suit with a purple tie and white shirt, in front of an American flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg/220px-Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg/330px-Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg/440px-Jamaal_Bowman_117th_U.S_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>'s <span data-sort-value="New York16 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="New York's 16th congressional district">16th</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2021 – January 3, 2025</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(New_York_politician)" title="George Latimer (New York politician)">George Latimer</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1976-04-01</span>) </span>April 1, 1976<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 48)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Melissa Oppenheimer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Potomac_State_College_of_West_Virginia_University" title="Potomac State College of West Virginia University">Potomac State College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Haven" title="University of New Haven">University of New Haven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mercy_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercy College (New York)">Mercy College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Manhattanville_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattanville College">Manhattanville College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">EdD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bowman.house.gov">House website</a></span></li><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bowmanforcongress.com">Campaign website</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Jamaal_Bowman_on_Caribbean_American_Heritage_Month.ogg" title="File:Rep. Jamaal Bowman on Caribbean American Heritage Month.ogg">Bowman's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="67" data-mwtitle="Rep._Jamaal_Bowman_on_Caribbean_American_Heritage_Month.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Rep._Jamaal_Bowman_on_Caribbean_American_Heritage_Month.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Rep._Jamaal_Bowman_on_Caribbean_American_Heritage_Month.ogg/Rep._Jamaal_Bowman_on_Caribbean_American_Heritage_Month.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Bowman honoring Caribbean American Heritage Month<br />Recorded June 22, 2022</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jamaal Anthony Bowman</b> (born April 1, 1976) is an American politician and former educator who served from 2021 to 2025 as the United States representative for <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="New York's 16th congressional district">New York's 16th congressional district</a>. </p><p>Bowman is the founder and former principal of the Cornerstone Academy for Social Action, a public middle school in <a href="/wiki/Eastchester,_Bronx" title="Eastchester, Bronx">Eastchester, Bronx</a>. He defeated 16-term incumbent <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a> in the 2020 Democratic primary and was first elected to Congress in November that year. He was a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Squad_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Squad (United States Congress)">the Squad</a>, an informal group of <a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">leftist</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Democratic Caucus</a>. </p><p>On October 26, 2023, Bowman pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor for willfully setting off a false fire alarm in the <a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon House Office Building</a>. In exchange for his guilty plea, the charge was dropped. On December 7, the House of Representatives voted 214–191 to <a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">censure</a> him for the fire alarm incident.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, Bowman ran for reelection<sup id="cite_ref-politicoexpense_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politicoexpense-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but lost to Westchester County executive <a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(New_York_politician)" title="George Latimer (New York politician)">George Latimer</a> in the district's Democratic primary.<sup id="cite_ref-falls_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-falls-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman was the first of two Democratic incumbents of the 2024 election cycle to lose a primary along with <a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a>. He also was the first member of the Squad to lose a primary.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jamaal Anthony Bowman<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on April 1, 1976,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of New York City">borough of New York City</a>. He lived with his grandmother in the East River Houses in <a href="/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem">East Harlem</a> during the week, and on weekends with his mother and sisters in <a href="/wiki/Yorkville,_Manhattan" title="Yorkville, Manhattan">Yorkville</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a>. His grandmother died when he was eight years old, after which he lived full time on the Upper East Side.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amsterdam_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsterdam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 16, he moved with his family to <a href="/wiki/Sayreville,_New_Jersey" title="Sayreville, New Jersey">Sayreville, New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amsterdam_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsterdam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Sayreville_War_Memorial_High_School" title="Sayreville War Memorial High School">Sayreville War Memorial High School</a>, where he played on the football team.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman briefly attended <a href="/wiki/Potomac_State_College_of_West_Virginia_University" title="Potomac State College of West Virginia University">Potomac State Junior College</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> before earning a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in sports management from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Haven" title="University of New Haven">University of New Haven</a> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the University of New Haven, he played <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Linebacker" title="Linebacker">linebacker</a> for the <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Chargers" title="New Haven Chargers">New Haven Chargers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman later earned a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> in counseling from <a href="/wiki/Mercy_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercy College (New York)">Mercy College</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">Doctor of Education</a> in educational leadership from <a href="/wiki/Manhattanville_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattanville College">Manhattanville College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_career">Teaching career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Teaching career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After earning his undergraduate degree, Bowman decided not to pursue a career in sports management. Upon the suggestion of a family friend who worked for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>, Bowman began working as an educator. His first job was as a crisis management teacher in a <a href="/wiki/South_Bronx" title="South Bronx">South Bronx</a> elementary school.<sup id="cite_ref-amsterdam_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsterdam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, he founded Cornerstone Academy for Social Action, a public middle school in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amsterdam_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsterdam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As principal of Cornerstone Academy for Social Action, Bowman curated a "wall of honor" featuring likenesses of prominent Black, Latino, and Asian individuals. Its honorees included <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutulu_Shakur" title="Mutulu Shakur">Mutulu Shakur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Assata Shakur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HP_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i> political reporter Daniel Marans criticized Bowman for including "a notorious antisemite and two Black militants convicted of murder and armed robbery"; Bowman's campaign spokesperson responded that it is "a rhetorical tool of the far right to insinuate educating students on major figures of Black American history is serving to promote hateful or divisive rhetoric or actions."<sup id="cite_ref-HP_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman later condemned McKinney's statements as antisemitic.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman became a leading advocate against <a href="/wiki/Standardized_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardized testing">standardized testing</a>, calling it "slavery".<sup id="cite_ref-Common_Core_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Common_Core-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His blog on the role of standardized testing received national attention.<sup id="cite_ref-Common_Core_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Common_Core-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote that high-stakes testing had a role in perpetuating inequalities,<sup id="cite_ref-Let_the_Children_Play_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Let_the_Children_Play-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including turnover, tumult, and a vicious cycle it creates in students' and educators' lives, saying performance assessments damage a school's ability to teach. </p><p>Bowman also advocated for children to receive arts, history, and science education in addition to the basics of literacy and numeracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Common_Core_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Common_Core-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman's school policy used a <a href="/wiki/Restorative_justice" title="Restorative justice">restorative justice</a> model to address the <a href="/wiki/School-to-prison_pipeline" title="School-to-prison pipeline">school-to-prison pipeline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 10 years as principal, he left the job to focus on his congressional campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020">2020</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York#District_16" title="2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New York § District 16</a></div> <p>The progressive <a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a> recruited Bowman to run for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in <span data-sort-value="New York16 !"><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="New York's 16th congressional district">New York's 16th congressional district</a></span>, represented by 16-term incumbent <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Engel had served as a member of the House since 1989 and as chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs</a> since the first session of the <a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th United States Congress</a>. Bowman was inspired to run by the insurgent <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez#2018" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">2018 campaign of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>, and called his platform "anti-poverty and anti-racist", with support for housing, criminal justice reform, education, <a href="/wiki/Medicare_for_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicare for All">Medicare for All</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cochrane_Challenge_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochrane_Challenge-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No Republican even filed, meaning that whoever won the Democratic primary was virtually assured of victory in November. Registered Democrats in the district outnumbered registered Republicans by more than four to one, so a Republican challenger would have faced very steep odds in any case.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTVictory_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTVictory-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman's campaign criticized Engel's record on foreign policy and response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Bowman's endorsements from the <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Movement" title="Sunrise Movement">Sunrise Movement</a> and the New York <a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a> assisted with fundraising despite being well behind Engel.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacy_Coalesce_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacy_Coalesce-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also endorsed by Ocasio-Cortez, <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>, and the editorial board of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman won the primary on July 17, 2020, with 55% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTVictory_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTVictory-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election, he defeated <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of New York">Conservative</a> nominee Patrick McManus with 84% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022">2022</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York#District_16" title="2022 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">2022 United States House of Representatives elections in New York § District 16</a></div> <p>Bowman was challenged in the Democratic primary by <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County_Board_of_Legislators" title="Westchester County Board of Legislators">Westchester County legislator</a> Vedat Gashi, who was endorsed by Bowman's predecessor and 2020 primary opponent, <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman won the primary with 54% of the vote, and the general election with 64% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024">2024</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York#District_16" title="2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York § District 16</a></div> <p>A frequent critic of <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">U.S. support</a> for <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gaza-Israel_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza-Israel conflict">Gaza-Israel conflict</a>, Bowman was challenged by pro-Israel Westchester County Executive George Latimer in the Democratic primary.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> called the contest "a marquee showcase of the party's divisions over the Israel-Hamas war".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary was the most expensive House of Representatives primary in U.S. history, with $15 million in outside spending benefiting Latimer's campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-falls_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-falls-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the outside spending came from groups affiliated with the pro-Israel <a href="/wiki/AIPAC" title="AIPAC">American Israel Public Affairs Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-politicoexpense_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politicoexpense-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latimer defeated Bowman, 58.59% to 41.41%.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V20211022LJ-0225_(51762000689).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/V20211022LJ-0225_%2851762000689%29.jpg/220px-V20211022LJ-0225_%2851762000689%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/V20211022LJ-0225_%2851762000689%29.jpg/330px-V20211022LJ-0225_%2851762000689%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/V20211022LJ-0225_%2851762000689%29.jpg/440px-V20211022LJ-0225_%2851762000689%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Bowman with Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and Secretary <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Upon his swearing-in, Bowman joined <a href="/wiki/The_Squad_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Squad (United States Congress)">The Squad</a>, a group of progressive Democratic lawmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been described as <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far left</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, following the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">storming of the United States Capitol</a>, Bowman introduced the Congressional Oversight of Unjust Policing Act (COUP Act) to establish a commission to investigate how <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">United States Capitol Police</a> handled the storming of the Capitol and to look at potential ties of some of its members to <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman said that introducing the bill was "critical when you look at the disparity in terms of how the Capitol Police responded to the insurrection on Wednesday, versus how they responded to—not just [Black Lives Matter] protestors this summer, but other people of color, and people who are disabled, historically".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation came after <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> called for the Capitol Police chief's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 5, 2021, Bowman was one of six House Democrats to break with their party and vote against the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a> because it did not include the <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman was among the 46 House Democrats who voted against final passage of the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_alarm_incident_and_House_censure"><span class="anchor" id="Censure"></span>Fire alarm incident and House censure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fire alarm incident and House censure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg/220px-Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg/330px-Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg/440px-Jamaal_Bowman_pulling_alarm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Bowman pulling the alarm</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 30, 2023, while House Democrats were attempting to delay a vote on a bill that would avoid a government shutdown, Bowman pulled a fire alarm in the Cannon House Office Building.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zach_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zach-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman's action caused the building to be evacuated for an hour and a half.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman initially claimed that he had set off the alarm by accident, telling reporters, "I thought the alarm would open the door".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His office released "suggested talking points" about the incident for political allies. Those talking points reiterated Bowman's claim that he had set off the alarm by accident; in addition, the talking points referred to some Republicans as "Nazis". Bowman later stated that he had not approved the "Nazis" comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-Beeb_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beeb-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then-<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">Kevin McCarthy</a> alleged that Bowman activated the fire alarm as a delay tactic and promised that Bowman would be punished. Other House Republicans suggested disciplinary measures ranging from <a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">censure</a> to <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">expulsion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a Capitol Police investigation, Bowman accepted a deal in which he pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor crime of falsely pulling a fire alarm, paid the maximum fine of $1,000, and wrote a letter of apology to police; in exchange, prosecutors agreed to drop the charges against him after three months.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zach_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zach-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HAWPost_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAWPost-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 7, 2023, the House censured Bowman for his conduct in the fire alarm incident. The vote was 214 to 191, with three Democrats joining House Republicans in voting to censure Bowman.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, the <a href="/wiki/House_Ethics_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Ethics Committee">House Ethics Committee</a> dropped its review of Bowman's actions as moot.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_and_defense_policy">Foreign and defense policy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Foreign and defense policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2021, Bowman voted in favor of providing <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> with an additional $1 billion in aid to fund its <a href="/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome">Iron Dome</a> missile defense system.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His vote was controversial among members of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a> (DSA), and sparked debate within the DSA about whether it should require that its members support <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment,_and_Sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions</a> against Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spokesman confirmed in October 2023 that Bowman had let his DSA membership expire in 2022 following DSA's response to his vote.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in May 2024, Bowman rejoined the organization and was endorsed by its New York City chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came as he faced a strong primary challenge from <a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(New_York_politician)" title="George Latimer (New York politician)">George Latimer</a>, who was endorsed by many <a href="/wiki/Israel_lobby_in_the_United_States" title="Israel lobby in the United States">pro-Israel lobby</a> groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman was among 51 House Democrats who voted against the final passage of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022">2022 National Defense Authorization Act</a>. Explaining his vote, he said, "it is astounding how quickly Congress moves weapons but we can't ensure housing, care, and justice for our veterans, nor invest in robust jobs programs for districts like mine."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 18, 2023, Bowman and eight other progressive <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> voted against a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">congressional</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-binding_resolution" title="Non-binding resolution">non-binding resolution</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/August_Pfluger" title="August Pfluger">August Pfluger</a> that "the State of Israel is not a racist or apartheid state", that Congress rejects "all forms of antisemitism and xenophobia", and that "the United States will always be a staunch partner and supporter of Israel".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 25, Bowman and eight other progressive Democrats, along with Republican <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Massie" title="Thomas Massie">Thomas Massie</a>, voted against a resolution supporting Israel following the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">October 7 Hamas-led attack on the country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 17, Bowman called reports of Israeli women being raped during the 2023 Hamas attack "propaganda" and a "lie". After <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> reached out to his office about his statements in March 2024, Bowman retracted his previous remarks.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman apologized in June 2024, saying, "Immediately when the U.N. provided additional evidence, I voted to condemn the sexual violence."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberal Israel lobby group <a href="/wiki/J_Street" title="J Street">J Street</a> withdrew its endorsement of Bowman on January 29, 2024, citing the "framing and approach" of his response to the Hamas attack. J Street President <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Ben-Ami" title="Jeremy Ben-Ami">Jeremy Ben-Ami</a> said that Bowman had "gone too far".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_the_Workforce" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce">Committee on Education and the Workforce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Education_Subcommittee_on_Early_Childhood,_Elementary,_and_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Education Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education">Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">Committee on Science, Space, and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Science_Subcommittee_on_Energy" title="United States House Science Subcommittee on Energy">Subcommittee on Energy</a> (Ranking Member)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Science_Subcommittee_on_Space_and_Aeronautics" title="United States House Science Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics">Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caucus_memberships">Caucus memberships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Caucus memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_LGBTQ%2B_Equality_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus">Congressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_2">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York" title="2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">2020 Democratic primary results in New York's 16th congressional district</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Jamaal Bowman</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>49,367</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"><b>55.4</b> </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a> (incumbent) </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">36,149 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">40.6 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Chris Fink </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1,625 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1.8 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Sammy Ravelo </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1,139 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1.3 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3333FF; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Andom Ghebreghiorgis (withdrawn) </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">761 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.9 </td> <td style="color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" class="table-na"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>89,041 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.0 </b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>2020 general election results in New York's 16th congressional district<sup id="cite_ref-NYgenr_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYgenr-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Jamaal Bowman </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>218,471 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>84.2 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FF8C00;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative</a> </td> <td class="fn">Patrick McManus </td> <td style="text-align:right">41,085 </td> <td style="text-align:right">15.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>259,556 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.0 </b> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6"> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <b>hold</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_2">2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>2022 Democratic primary results in New York's 16th congressional district<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Jamaal Bowman (incumbent) </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>21,643 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>54.2 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Vedat Gashi </td> <td style="text-align:right">10,009 </td> <td style="text-align:right">25.0 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Catherine Parker </td> <td style="text-align:right">7,503 </td> <td style="text-align:right">18.8 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Mark Jaffee </td> <td style="text-align:right">608 </td> <td style="text-align:right">1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>39,961 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.0 </b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>2022 general election results in New York's 16th congressional district<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Jamaal Bowman (incumbent) </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>133,567 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>64.2 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Miriam Flisser </td> <td style="text-align:right">74,156 </td> <td style="text-align:right">35.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>207,723 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.0 </b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_2">2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>2024 Democratic primary results in New York's 16th congressional district<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(New_York_politician)" title="George Latimer (New York politician)">George Latimer</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>45,909 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>58.59% </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Jamaal Bowman (incumbent) </td> <td style="text-align:right">32,440 </td> <td style="text-align:right">41.41% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>78,349 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.00% </b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowman lives with his wife, Melissa Oppenheimer, and their three children in <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife was upset about his decision to run for office for "the first eleven months", Bowman said on an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Ozy_Media" title="Ozy Media">The Carlos Watson Show</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowman is a fan of New York hip-hop group <a href="/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a>. He described hip-hop as a "culture that is created by teenagers who were forgotten about, and because they were forgotten about, they were forced to come together and create something beautiful".<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman drew inspiration from the Wu-Tang Clan during his underdog campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-Roll_Call_WTC_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roll_Call_WTC-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has frequently been seen in a Wu-Tang Clan emblazoned face covering during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Roll_Call_WTC_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roll_Call_WTC-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <i><a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a></i> noted allowed Bowman to send voters a message.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2011 to 2014, Bowman maintained a blog on which he promoted <a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a>. After the blog was reported on by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>, Bowman said he regretted his posts.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2024, <i>The Daily Beast</i> revealed that Bowman's personal <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> account was subscribed to dozens of fringe conspiracy channels, at least several of which he had subscribed to since being elected to Congress. In response, Bowman denied knowledge of any of the channels or their content.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">List of African-American United States representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States#In_the_21st_century" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism in the United States § In the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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February 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Rep.+Jamaal+Bowman+Featured+Black+Revolutionary+Convicted+Of+Murder+On+Middle+School%27s+%22Wall+Of+Honor%22&rft.date=2024-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fjamaal-bowman-cynthia-mckinney-assata-shakur-wall-of-honor_n_65c40ea8e4b093b2e78224db&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/03/10/rep-bowmans-defense-of-including-louis-farrakhan-in-westchester-mural-sparks-outrage/">"Rep. 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Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">157–</span>159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-2464-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-2464-4"><bdi>978-1-4214-2464-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627022652/https://books.google.com/books?id=GdlLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Village+Voice&rft.atitle=Low-Income+Parents+Are+Caught+Between+the+Growing+Opt-Out+Movement+and+the+City%27s+Attempts+to+Clamp+Down+on+Dissent&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.aulast=deMause&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.villagevoice.com%2F2016%2F03%2F28%2Flow-income-parents-are-caught-between-the-growing-opt-out-movement-and-the-citys-attempts-to-clamp-down-on-dissent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobczyk2021" class="citation web cs1">Sobczyk, Nick (January 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/jamaal-bowman-gives-green-new-dealers-another-national-voice/">"Jamaal Bowman gives Green New Dealers another national voice"</a>. <i>E&E News by POLITICO</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=E%26E+News+by+POLITICO&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman+gives+Green+New+Dealers+another+national+voice&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft.aulast=Sobczyk&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eenews.net%2Farticles%2Fjamaal-bowman-gives-green-new-dealers-another-national-voice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Let_the_Children_Play-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Let_the_Children_Play_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahlbergDoyle2019" class="citation book cs1">Sahlberg, Pasi; Doyle, William (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p26fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169"><i>Let the Children Play: How More Play Will Save Our Schools and Help Children Thrive</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">169–</span>170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-093216-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-093216-9"><bdi>978-0-19-093216-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812105112/https://books.google.com/books?id=p26fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Let+the+Children+Play%3A+How+More+Play+Will+Save+Our+Schools+and+Help+Children+Thrive&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-093216-9&rft.aulast=Sahlberg&rft.aufirst=Pasi&rft.au=Doyle%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp26fDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChávezLacy2019" class="citation web cs1">Chávez, Aída; Lacy, Akela (June 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/06/18/eliot-engel-primary-challenge/">"Hawkish Democrat Rep. Eliot Engel Is Facing Two Primary Challengers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309155904/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/18/eliot-engel-primary-challenge/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=At+Debate%2C+Progressive+Jamaal+Bowman+Hits+Israel+Hawk+Eliot+Engel%27s+Defense+Industry+Backing&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Akela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2020%2F05%2F26%2Feliot-engel-primary-defense-industry-pro-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinley2020" class="citation web cs1">McKinley, Jesse (June 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/nyregion/eliot-engel-jamaal-bowman-primary.html">"Top Democrats Are Trying to Stop This Man From Becoming the Next A.O.C."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617222045/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/nyregion/eliot-engel-jamaal-bowman-primary.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bronx+Principal+to+Challenge+Eliot+Engel%2C+Powerful+House+Democrat%2C+From+the+Left&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjamaal-bowman-eliot-engel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTVictory-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTVictory_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTVictory_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinley2020" class="citation web cs1">McKinley, Jesse (July 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/nyregion/jamaal-bowman-eliot-engel.html">"Jamaal Bowman, Progressive Insurgent, Defeats Eliot Engel in House Primary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717172520/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/nyregion/jamaal-bowman-eliot-engel.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman%3A+Political+newcomer+shakes+up+NY+%27status+quo%27&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-53173456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/results/state/new-york">"New York Election results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Bowman, a member of the far-left 'Squad,' has</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%7C+Bowman%27s+primary+resurfaces+Democratic+divisions&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Leigh+Ann&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Theodoric&rft.au=Dent%2C+Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F06%2F25%2Fbowmans-primary-resurfaces-democratic-divisions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkan2023" class="citation news cs1">Barkan, Ross (February 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/22/magazine/new-york-democrats.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Democratic Party in New York Is a Disaster'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Jamaal Bowman, a Westchester County congressman and a member of the Squad, the prominent group of far-left members of Congress, including Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Democratic+Party+in+New+York+Is+a+Disaster%27&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Barkan&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F02%2F22%2Fmagazine%2Fnew-york-democrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://punchbowl.news/article/election-2024/jamaal-bowman-george-latimer-debate/">"Bowman slams AIPAC in final debate with Latimer"</a>. <i>Punchbowl News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Bowman is embracing underdog status in his competitive primary against Westchester County Executive George Latimer, who is seeking to be the first mainstream Democrat to knock off a member of the far-left Squad.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Punchbowl+News&rft.atitle=Bowman+slams+AIPAC+in+final+debate+with+Latimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpunchbowl.news%2Farticle%2Felection-2024%2Fjamaal-bowman-george-latimer-debate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgo2024" class="citation news cs1">Ngo, Emily (June 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/16/jamaal-bowman-aipac-latimer-00163586">"Jamaal Bowman's challenger is the Cher of suburban New York"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. <q>million in ads attacking the far-left firebrand for being out of step with mainstream Democrats</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman%27s+challenger+is+the+Cher+of+suburban+New+York&rft.date=2024-06-16&rft.aulast=Ngo&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F06%2F16%2Fjamaal-bowman-aipac-latimer-00163586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuels2024" class="citation news cs1">Samuels, Ben (June 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2024-06-21/ty-article/.premium/aipac-vs-jamaal-bowman-ny-democratic-race-turns-into-referendum-on-pro-israel-group/00000190-34f2-d8bc-abf7-b7f2c3f20000">"AIPAC vs. Jamaal Bowman: New York Democratic Race Turns Into Referendum on pro-Israel group"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <q>bid to unseat the far-left Democrat in his race against challenger George Latimer next Tuesday</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=AIPAC+vs.+Jamaal+Bowman%3A+New+York+Democratic+Race+Turns+Into+Referendum+on+pro-Israel+group&rft.date=2024-06-21&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fus-news%2F2024-06-21%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Faipac-vs-jamaal-bowman-ny-democratic-race-turns-into-referendum-on-pro-israel-group%2F00000190-34f2-d8bc-abf7-b7f2c3f20000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinman2021" class="citation web cs1">Hinman, Michael (January 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riverdalepress.com/stories/bowman-first-bill-in-congress-the-coup-act,73037">"Bowman's first bill in Congress? 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Jayapal calls it a 'racist state'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719000920/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-pass-resolution-backing-israel-jayapal-racist-state-rcna94897">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Bowman+reverses+after+calling+reports+of+Oct.+7+sexual+assaults+in+Israel+%27propaganda%27&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Flive-updates%2F2024%2F03%2F26%2Fcongress%2Fbowman-house-israel-october-7-sexual-assault-hamas-00148426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-793844">"Jamaal Bowman clip resurfaces: 'No evidence of beheaded babies or raped women'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Jpost</i>. March 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jpost&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman+clip+resurfaces%3A+%27No+evidence+of+beheaded+babies+or+raped+women%27&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-hamas-war%2Farticle-793844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4731206-bowman-apologizes-oct-7-remarks/mlite/">"Bowman apologizes for Oct. 7 remarks: 'I voted to condemn the sexual violence'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. June 20, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Bowman+apologizes+for+Oct.+7+remarks%3A+%27I+voted+to+condemn+the+sexual+violence%27&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fcampaign%2F4731206-bowman-apologizes-oct-7-remarks%2Fmlite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katv.com/news/nation-world/squad-member-apologizes-for-defending-hamas-from-rape-allegations-kind-of-person-i-am-rep-jamaal-bowman-d-ny-democrat-new-york-nyc-israel-palestine-gaza-war-middle-east-october-7-invasion">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Squad' member apologizes for defending Hamas from rape allegations: 'Kind of person I am'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>KATV</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Jewish+Week&rft.atitle=J+Street+drops+Jamaal+Bowman+endorsement%2C+saying+his+rhetoric+%27crossed+a+line%27&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=Kampeas&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2024%2F01%2F29%2Fpolitics%2Fj-street-drops-jamaal-bowman-endorsement-saying-his-rhetoric-crossed-a-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001223">"Jamaal Bowman Member Profile"</a>. <i>clerk.house.gov</i>. Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318065530/https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001223">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=clerk.house.gov&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman+Member+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fmembers%2FB001223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbc.house.gov/membership/">"Congressional Black Caucus"</a>. <i>cbc.house.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421010244/https://cbc.house.gov/membership/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbc.house.gov&rft.atitle=Congressional+Black+Caucus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbc.house.gov%2Fmembership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://progressives.house.gov/caucus-members">"Caucus Members"</a>. US House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114215407/https://progressives.house.gov/caucus-members">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caucus+Members&rft.pub=US+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprogressives.house.gov%2Fcaucus-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmukhtar2020" class="citation web cs1">Almukhtar, Sarah; et al. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Results%3A+New+York+House+District+16+primary+election&rft.date=2020-06-23&rft.aulast=Almukhtar&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2020%2F06%2F23%2Fus%2Felections%2Fresults-new-york-house-district-16-primary-election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYgenr-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYgenr_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ny.gov/2020ElectionResults.html">"2020 Election Results"</a>. <i>New York State Board of Elections</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115175352/https://www.elections.ny.gov/2020ElectionResults.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State+Board+of+Elections&rft.atitle=2020+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ny.gov%2F2020ElectionResults.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/Elections/2022/Primary/2022AugFedAndStatePrimaryResults.xlsx">"August 23 Federal and State primary results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Board_of_Elections" title="New York State Board of Elections">New York State Board of Elections</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203094733/https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/Elections/2022/Primary/2022AugFedAndStatePrimaryResults.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State+Board+of+Elections&rft.atitle=August+23+Federal+and+State+primary+results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ny.gov%2FNYSBOE%2FElections%2F2022%2FPrimary%2F2022AugFedAndStatePrimaryResults.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/Elections/2022/Primary/2022AugFedAndStatePrimaryResults.xlsx">"August 23 Federal and State primary results"</a>. <i>New York State Board of Elections</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203094733/https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/Elections/2022/Primary/2022AugFedAndStatePrimaryResults.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State+Board+of+Elections&rft.atitle=August+23+Federal+and+State+primary+results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ny.gov%2FNYSBOE%2FElections%2F2022%2FPrimary%2F2022AugFedAndStatePrimaryResults.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.ny.gov/election-results">"Certified June 25, 2024, Federal, State & Local Primary Election Results, approved 07.29.2024"</a>. <i>elections.ny.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elections.ny.gov&rft.atitle=Certified+June+25%2C+2024%2C+Federal%2C+State+%26+Local+Primary+Election+Results%2C+approved+07.29.2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.ny.gov%2Felection-results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecepolicyworks.com/mayas-marvelous-walk-in-the-woods/">"Maya's Marvelous Walk in the Woods"</a>. <i>ECE PolicyWorks</i>. September 4, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628182112/https://ecepolicyworks.com/mayas-marvelous-walk-in-the-woods/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ECE+PolicyWorks&rft.atitle=Maya%27s+Marvelous+Walk+in+the+Woods&rft.date=2017-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecepolicyworks.com%2Fmayas-marvelous-walk-in-the-woods%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Carlos_Watson_Show2020" class="citation web cs1">The Carlos Watson Show (August 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsjTXkkCi74&t=911s">"Jamaal Bowman: Is He the Next AOC?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203081558/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsjTXkkCi74&t=911s">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman%3A+Is+He+the+Next+AOC%3F&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft.au=The+Carlos+Watson+Show&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLsjTXkkCi74%26t%3D911s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJada2020" class="citation news cs1">Jada, Yuan (July 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-a-middle-school-principal-used-the-ocasio-cortez-playbook-against-a-16-term-incumbent/2020/07/15/ea7e9eb8-c2f4-11ea-b178-bb7b05b94af1_story.html">"How a middle school principal used the Ocasio-Cortez playbook against a 16-term incumbent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720012429/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-a-middle-school-principal-used-the-ocasio-cortez-playbook-against-a-16-term-incumbent/2020/07/15/ea7e9eb8-c2f4-11ea-b178-bb7b05b94af1_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+a+middle+school+principal+used+the+Ocasio-Cortez+playbook+against+a+16-term+incumbent&rft.date=2020-07-16&rft.aulast=Jada&rft.aufirst=Yuan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fhow-a-middle-school-principal-used-the-ocasio-cortez-playbook-against-a-16-term-incumbent%2F2020%2F07%2F15%2Fea7e9eb8-c2f4-11ea-b178-bb7b05b94af1_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roll_Call_WTC-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roll_Call_WTC_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roll_Call_WTC_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrady2020" class="citation magazine cs1">McGrady, Clyde (July 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollcall.com/2020/07/23/jamaal-bowman-the-police-literally-beat-the-crap-out-of-me/">"Jamaal Bowman: 'The police literally beat the crap out of me'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723124320/https://www.rollcall.com/2020/07/23/jamaal-bowman-the-police-literally-beat-the-crap-out-of-me/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Roll+Call&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman%3A+%27The+police+literally+beat+the+crap+out+of+me%27&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft.aulast=McGrady&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollcall.com%2F2020%2F07%2F23%2Fjamaal-bowman-the-police-literally-beat-the-crap-out-of-me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlea2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Dunlea, Reed (July 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/jamaal-bowman-congress-police-violence-trump-1023313/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The First Time' With Politician Jamaal Bowman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725014947/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/jamaal-bowman-congress-police-violence-trump-1023313/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=%27The+First+Time%27+With+Politician+Jamaal+Bowman&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Dunlea&rft.aufirst=Reed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Fjamaal-bowman-congress-police-violence-trump-1023313%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBort2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Bort, Ryan (June 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/jamaal-bowman-wins-primary-black-lives-matter-interview-1019724/">"Jamaal Bowman Is Just the Politician This Moment Needs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723225306/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/jamaal-bowman-wins-primary-black-lives-matter-interview-1019724/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman+Is+Just+the+Politician+This+Moment+Needs&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Bort&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-features%2Fjamaal-bowman-wins-primary-black-lives-matter-interview-1019724%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2020" class="citation web cs1">Wolf, Cam (June 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq.com/story/jamaal-bowman-anthony-fauci-face-masks">"Wu-Tang Clan, Washington Nationals, and Apple Emojis: Politicians Are Flexing the Mask's Power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GQ_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="GQ (magazine)">GQ</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723145652/https://www.gq.com/story/jamaal-bowman-anthony-fauci-face-masks">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GQ&rft.atitle=Wu-Tang+Clan%2C+Washington+Nationals%2C+and+Apple+Emojis%3A+Politicians+Are+Flexing+the+Mask%27s+Power&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Cam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq.com%2Fstory%2Fjamaal-bowman-anthony-fauci-face-masks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBredderman2024" class="citation web cs1">Bredderman, William (January 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ny-rep-jamaal-bowman-promoted-911-conspiracy-theories-on-blog">"NY Rep. Jamaal Bowman Promoted 9/11 Conspiracy Theories on Blog"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240626055330/https://www.thedailybeast.com/ny-rep-jamaal-bowman-promoted-911-conspiracy-theories-on-blog">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=NY+Rep.+Jamaal+Bowman+Promoted+9%2F11+Conspiracy+Theories+on+Blog&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=Bredderman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fny-rep-jamaal-bowman-promoted-911-conspiracy-theories-on-blog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilander2024" class="citation web cs1">Kilander, Gustaf (January 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/jamaal-bowman-conspiracy-poem-b2487320.html">"Jamaal Bowman expresses regret over 9/11 conspiracy theory poem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515192139/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/jamaal-bowman-conspiracy-poem-b2487320.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Jamaal+Bowman+expresses+regret+over+9%2F11+conspiracy+theory+poem&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.aulast=Kilander&rft.aufirst=Gustaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-independent.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Fjamaal-bowman-conspiracy-poem-b2487320.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLotz2024" class="citation news cs1">Lotz, Avery (January 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/30/politics/jamaal-bowman-9-11-blog-post/index.html">"Bowman says he regrets years-old blog posts that touted 9/11 conspiracy theories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240621110527/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/30/politics/jamaal-bowman-9-11-blog-post/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Bowman+says+he+regrets+years-old+blog+posts+that+touted+9%2F11+conspiracy+theories&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.aulast=Lotz&rft.aufirst=Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F01%2F30%2Fpolitics%2Fjamaal-bowman-9-11-blog-post%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBredderman2024" class="citation web cs1">Bredderman, William (May 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/squad-rep-jamaal-bowmans-youtube-page-is-a-bonkers-conspiracy-filled-trip">"Squad Rep's YouTube Page Is a Conspiracy Theorist's Dream"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240622230852/https://www.thedailybeast.com/squad-rep-jamaal-bowmans-youtube-page-is-a-bonkers-conspiracy-filled-trip">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Squad+Rep%27s+YouTube+Page+Is+a+Conspiracy+Theorist%27s+Dream&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft.aulast=Bredderman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fsquad-rep-jamaal-bowmans-youtube-page-is-a-bonkers-conspiracy-filled-trip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJamaal+Bowman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaal_Bowman&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY16143">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/jamaal-bowman/B001223">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/191205">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?127349">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="New York's 16th congressional district">New York's 16th congressional district</a> </b><br />2021–2025 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Latimer_(New_York_politician)" title="George Latimer (New York politician)">George Latimer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Donovan_(politician)" title="Dan Donovan (politician)">Dan Donovan</a></div><i><b>as former U.S. Representative </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as former U.S. Representative</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Kissell" title="Larry Kissell">Larry Kissell</a></div><i><b>as former U.S. Representative </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_117th–118th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)213" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_117th–118th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>'s delegation(s) to the 117th–118th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">C. Schumer</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">K. Gillibrand</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">J. Nadler</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Maloney" title="Carolyn Maloney">C. Maloney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nydia_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Nydia Velázquez">N. Velázquez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">G. Meeks</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Higgins" title="Brian Higgins">B. Higgins</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Clarke" title="Yvette Clarke">Y. Clarke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tonko" title="Paul Tonko">P. Tonko</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Reed_(politician)" title="Tom Reed (politician)"><i>T. Reed</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">H. Jeffries</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sean_Patrick_Maloney" title="Sean Patrick Maloney">S. Maloney</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Grace_Meng" title="Grace Meng">G. Meng</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Katko" title="John Katko">J. Katko</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Rice" title="Kathleen Rice">K. Rice</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">E. Stefanik</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lee_Zeldin" title="Lee Zeldin">L. Zeldin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Espaillat" title="Adriano Espaillat">A. Espaillat</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Suozzi" title="Tom Suozzi">T. Suozzi</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morelle" title="Joseph Morelle">J. Morelle</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Delgado" title="Antonio Delgado"><i>A. Delgado</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">A. Ocasio-Cortez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_Jacobs_(politician)" title="Chris Jacobs (politician)">C. Jacobs</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Tenney" title="Claudia Tenney">C. Tenney</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Bowman</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garbarino" title="Andrew Garbarino">A. Garbarino</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mondaire_Jones" title="Mondaire Jones">M. Jones</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malliotakis" title="Nicole Malliotakis">N. Malliotakis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Torres" title="Ritchie Torres">R. Torres</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Ryan_(politician)" title="Pat Ryan (politician)"><i>P. Ryan</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sempolinski" title="Joe Sempolinski"><i>J. Sempolinski</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">C. Schumer</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">K. Gillibrand</a> (D)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">J. Nadler</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nydia_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Nydia Velázquez">N. Velázquez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">G. Meeks</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Higgins" title="Brian Higgins"><i>B. Higgins</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Clarke" title="Yvette Clarke">Y. Clarke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tonko" title="Paul Tonko">P. Tonko</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">H. Jeffries</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Grace_Meng" title="Grace Meng">G. Meng</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">E. Stefanik</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Espaillat" title="Adriano Espaillat">A. Espaillat</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morelle" title="Joseph Morelle">J. Morelle</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Suozzi" title="Tom Suozzi"><i>T. Suozzi</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">A. Ocasio-Cortez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Tenney" title="Claudia Tenney">C. Tenney</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Bowman</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garbarino" title="Andrew Garbarino">A. Garbarino</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malliotakis" title="Nicole Malliotakis">N. Malliotakis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Torres" title="Ritchie Torres">R. Torres</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Ryan_(politician)" title="Pat Ryan (politician)">P. Ryan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Anthony_D%27Esposito" title="Anthony D'Esposito">A. D'Esposito</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dan_Goldman" title="Dan Goldman">D. Goldman</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_LaLota" title="Nick LaLota">N. LaLota</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Langworthy" title="Nick Langworthy">N. Langworthy</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lawler" title="Mike Lawler">M. Lawler</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marc_Molinaro" title="Marc Molinaro">M. Molinaro</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Santos" title="George Santos"><i>G. Santos</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Williams_(politician)" title="Brandon Williams (politician)">B. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kennedy_(politician)" title="Tim Kennedy (politician)"><i>T. Kennedy</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96419280#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata527" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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