CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-peace-process","20230603011721","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1685755041"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/> <script data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer>var __ez=__ez||{};__ez.stms=Date.now();__ez.evt={};__ez.script={};__ez.ck=__ez.ck||{};__ez.template={};__ez.template.isOrig=true;__ez.queue=function(){var e=0,i=0,t=[],n=!1,o=[],s=[],r=!0,a=function(e,i,n,o,s,r,a){var l=arguments.length>7&&void 0!==arguments[7]?arguments[7]:window,c=this;this.name=e,this.funcName=i,this.parameters=null===n?null:p(n)?n:[n],this.isBlock=o,this.blockedBy=s,this.deleteWhenComplete=r,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=!1,this.isInitialized=!1,this.proceedIfError=a,this.fWindow=l,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.process=function(){f("... func = "+e),c.isInitialized=!0,c.isComplete=!0,f("... func.apply: "+e);var i=c.funcName.split("."),n=null,o=this.fWindow||window;i.length>3||(n=3===i.length?o[i[0]][i[1]][i[2]]:2===i.length?o[i[0]][i[1]]:o[c.funcName]),null!=n&&n.apply(null,this.parameters),!0===c.deleteWhenComplete&&delete t[e],!0===c.isBlock&&(f("----- F'D: "+c.name),u())}},l=function(e,i,t,n,o,s,r){var a=arguments.length>7&&void 0!==arguments[7]?arguments[7]:window,l=this;this.name=e,this.path=i,this.async=o,this.defer=s,this.isBlock=t,this.blockedBy=n,this.isInitialized=!1,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=!1,this.proceedIfError=r,this.fWindow=a,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.isPath=function(e){return"/"===e[0]&&"/"!==e[1]},this.getSrc=function(e){return void 0!==window.__ezScriptHost&&this.isPath(e)?window.__ezScriptHost+e:e},this.process=function(){l.isInitialized=!0,f("... file = "+e);var i=this.fWindow?this.fWindow.document:document,t=i.createElement("script");t.src=this.getSrc(this.path),!0===o?t.async=!0:!0===s&&(t.defer=!0),t.onerror=function(){f("----- ERR'D: "+l.name),l.isError=!0,!0===l.isBlock&&u()},t.onreadystatechange=t.onload=function(){var e=t.readyState;f("----- F'D: "+l.name),e&&!/loaded|complete/.test(e)||(l.isComplete=!0,!0===l.isBlock&&u())},i.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}},c=function(e,i){this.name=e,this.path="",this.async=!1,this.defer=!1,this.isBlock=!1,this.blockedBy=[],this.isInitialized=!0,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=i,this.proceedIfError=!1,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.process=function(){}};function d(e){!0!==h(e)&&0!=r&&e.process()}function h(e){if(!0===e.isTimeDelay&&!1===n)return f(e.name+" blocked = TIME DELAY!"),!0;if(p(e.blockedBy))for(var i=0;i<e.blockedBy.length;i++){var o=e.blockedBy[i];if(!1===t.hasOwnProperty(o))return f(e.name+" blocked = "+o),!0;if(!0===e.proceedIfError&&!0===t[o].isError)return!1;if(!1===t[o].isComplete)return f(e.name+" blocked = "+o),!0}return!1}function f(e){var i=window.location.href,t=new RegExp("[?&]ezq=([^&#]*)","i").exec(i);"1"===(t?t[1]:null)&&console.debug(e)}function u(){++e>200||(f("let's go"),m(o),m(s))}function m(e){for(var i in e)if(!1!==e.hasOwnProperty(i)){var t=e[i];!0===t.isComplete||h(t)||!0===t.isInitialized||!0===t.isError?!0===t.isError?f(t.name+": error"):!0===t.isComplete?f(t.name+": complete already"):!0===t.isInitialized&&f(t.name+": initialized already"):t.process()}}function p(e){return"[object Array]"==Object.prototype.toString.call(e)}return window.addEventListener("load",(function(){setTimeout((function(){n=!0,f("TDELAY -----"),u()}),5e3)}),!1),{addFile:function(e,i,n,r,a,c,h,f,u){var m=new l(e,i,n,r,a,c,h,u);!0===f?o[e]=m:s[e]=m,t[e]=m,d(m)},addDelayFile:function(e,i){var n=new l(e,i,!1,[],!1,!1,!0);n.isTimeDelay=!0,f(e+" ... FILE! TDELAY"),s[e]=n,t[e]=n,d(n)},addFunc:function(e,n,r,l,c,h,f,u,m,p){!0===h&&(e=e+"_"+i++);var y=new a(e,n,r,l,c,f,u,p);!0===m?o[e]=y:s[e]=y,t[e]=y,d(y)},addDelayFunc:function(e,i,n){var o=new a(e,i,n,!1,[],!0,!0);o.isTimeDelay=!0,f(e+" ... FUNCTION! TDELAY"),s[e]=o,t[e]=o,d(o)},items:t,processAll:u,setallowLoad:function(e){r=e},markLoaded:function(e){if(e&&0!==e.length){if(e in t){var i=t[e];!0===i.isComplete?f(i.name+" "+e+": error loaded duplicate"):(i.isComplete=!0,i.isInitialized=!0)}else t[e]=new c(e,!0);f("markLoaded dummyfile: "+t[e].name)}},logWhatsBlocked:function(){for(var e in t)!1!==t.hasOwnProperty(e)&&h(t[e])}}}();__ez.evt.add=function(e,t,n){e.addEventListener?e.addEventListener(t,n,!1):e.attachEvent?e.attachEvent("on"+t,n):e["on"+t]=n()},__ez.evt.remove=function(e,t,n){e.removeEventListener?e.removeEventListener(t,n,!1):e.detachEvent?e.detachEvent("on"+t,n):delete e["on"+t]};__ez.script.add=function(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.async=!0,t.type="text/javascript",document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)};__ez.dot={};__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/boise.js', '/detroitchicago/boise.js?gcb=195-0&cb=2', true, [], true, false, true, false);__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/memphis.js', '/detroitchicago/memphis.js?gcb=195-0&cb=23', true, [], true, false, true, false);__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/minneapolis.js', '/detroitchicago/minneapolis.js?gcb=195-0&cb=4', true, [], true, false, true, false);__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/rochester.js', '/detroitchicago/rochester.js?gcb=195-0&cb=13', false, ['/detroitchicago/memphis.js','/detroitchicago/minneapolis.js'], true, false, true, false);!function(){var e;__ez.vep=(e=[],{Add:function(i,t){__ez.dot.isDefined(i)&&__ez.dot.isValid(t)&&e.push({type:"video",video_impression_id:i,domain_id:__ez.dot.getDID(),t_epoch:__ez.dot.getEpoch(0),data:__ez.dot.dataToStr(t)})},Fire:function(){if(void 0===document.visibilityState||"prerender"!==document.visibilityState){if(__ez.dot.isDefined(e)&&e.length>0)for(;e.length>0;){var i=5;i>e.length&&(i=e.length);var t=e.splice(0,i),o=__ez.dot.getURL("/detroitchicago/grapefruit.gif")+"?orig="+(!0===__ez.template.isOrig?1:0)+"&v="+btoa(JSON.stringify(t));__ez.dot.Fire(o)}e=[]}}})}();</script><script data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer>!function(){function e(i){return e="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},e(i)}__ez.pel=function(){var i=[];function t(t,o,d,_,n,r,a,s){if(__ez.dot.isDefined(t)&&0!=__ez.dot.isAnyDefined(t.getSlotElementId,t.ElementId)){void 0===s&&(s=!1);var p=parseInt(__ez.dot.getTargeting(t,"ap")),f=__ez.dot.getSlotIID(t),u=__ez.dot.getAdUnit(t,s),z=parseInt(__ez.dot.getTargeting(t,"compid")),g=0,c=0,l=function(i){if("undefined"==typeof _ezim_d)return!1;var t=__ez.dot.getAdUnitPath(i).split("/").pop();if("object"===("undefined"==typeof _ezim_d?"undefined":e(_ezim_d))&&_ezim_d.hasOwnProperty(t))return _ezim_d[t];for(var o in _ezim_d)if(o.split("/").pop()===t)return _ezim_d[o];return!1}(t);"object"==e(l)&&(void 0!==l.creative_id&&(c=l.creative_id),void 0!==l.line_item_id&&(g=l.line_item_id)),__ez.dot.isDefined(f,u)&&__ez.dot.isValid(o)&&("0"===f&&!0!==s||""===u||i.push({type:"impression",impression_id:f,domain_id:__ez.dot.getDID(),unit:u,t_epoch:__ez.dot.getEpoch(0),revenue:d,est_revenue:_,ad_position:p,ad_size:"",bid_floor_filled:n,bid_floor_prev:r,stat_source_id:a,country_code:__ez.dot.getCC(),pageview_id:__ez.dot.getPageviewId(),comp_id:z,line_item_id:g,creative_id:c,data:__ez.dot.dataToStr(o),is_orig:s||__ez.template.isOrig}))}}function o(){void 0!==document.visibilityState&&"prerender"===document.visibilityState||(__ez.dot.isDefined(i)&&i.length>0&&[i.filter((function(e){return e.is_orig})),i.filter((function(e){return!e.is_orig}))].forEach((function(e){for(;e.length>0;){var i=e[0].is_orig||!1,t=5;t>e.length&&(t=e.length);var o=e.splice(0,t),d=__ez.dot.getURL("/porpoiseant/army.gif")+"?orig="+(!0===i?1:0)+"&sts="+btoa(JSON.stringify(o));(void 0!==window.isAmp&&isAmp||void 0!==window.ezWp&&ezWp)&&void 0!==window._ezaq&&_ezaq.hasOwnProperty("domain_id")&&(d+="&visit_uuid="+_ezaq.visit_uuid),__ez.dot.Fire(d)}})),i=[])}return{Add:t,AddAndFire:function(e,i){t(e,i,0,0,0,0,0),o()},AddAndFireOrig:function(e,i){t(e,i,0,0,0,0,0,!0),o()},AddById:function(e,t,o,d){var _=e.split("/");if(__ez.dot.isDefined(e)&&3===_.length&&__ez.dot.isValid(t)){var n=_[0],r={type:"impression",impression_id:_[2],domain_id:__ez.dot.getDID(),unit:n,t_epoch:__ez.dot.getEpoch(0),pageview_id:__ez.dot.getPageviewId(),data:__ez.dot.dataToStr(t),is_orig:o||__ez.template.isOrig};void 0!==d&&(r.revenue=d),i.push(r)}},Fire:o,GetPixels:function(){return i}}}()}();__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/raleigh.js', '/detroitchicago/raleigh.js?gcb=195-0&cb=6', false, [], true, false, true, false);__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/tampa.js', '/detroitchicago/tampa.js?gcb=195-0&cb=5', false, [], true, false, true, false);</script> <script data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false">(function(){if("function"===typeof window.CustomEvent)return!1;window.CustomEvent=function(c,a){a=a||{bubbles:!1,cancelable:!1,detail:null};var b=document.createEvent("CustomEvent");b.initCustomEvent(c,a.bubbles,a.cancelable,a.detail);return b}})();</script><script data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false">__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/tulsa.js', '/detroitchicago/tulsa.js?gcb=195-0&cb=7', false, [], true, false, true, false);</script>  <script async="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-90790627-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-90790627-1'); </script> <title>Israel Peace Process</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright 2023"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/icon.png" sizes="48x48"/> <meta name="description" content="Encyclopedia of Jewish and Israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from anti-Semitism to Zionism."/> <meta name="Keywords" content="Israel,Judaism,Holocaust,History,Biography,Biotechnology,Education,Bible,Student,Jewish,Elderly,Aging,Coexistence,Peace,Terrorism,Anti-Semitism,News,Politics,Culture,Palestinian,Jerusalem,PLO,Middle East,Zionism,Arab,Human Rights,United Nations,Torah,Reform,Conservative,Orthodox,Research,United States,Glossary,Maps,Congress,House of Representatives,Senate,President,Jews,Health,Travel,Medicine,Environment,Archaeology,Palestine,Syria,Jordan,Lebanon,Egypt,Saudi Arabia,Iraq,Iran,Tourism,Jewish History,Library,Library of Congress,Virtual,Faith,Spirituality,Muslim,Islam,Ottoman,Quran,Muhammad,Arabs,Palestinian Authority,West Bank,Gaza Strip,anti-Zionism,teen,Mitchell Bard"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,400i,700|Source+Serif+Pro&subset=latin-ext" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="/web/20230603011721cs_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/css/hover.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721cs_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <link href="/web/20230603011721cs_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/css/jvl.css?r=20200417" rel="stylesheet"/>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-peace-process"/> <script type="text/javascript">var ezouid = "1";</script><base href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-peace-process"><script type="text/javascript"> var ezoTemplate = 'old_site_noads'; if(typeof ezouid == 'undefined') { var ezouid = 'none'; } var ezoFormfactor = '1'; var ezo_elements_to_check = Array(); </script> <script data-ezscrex="false" type="text/javascript"> var soc_app_id = '0'; var did = 450841; var ezdomain = 'jewishvirtuallibrary.org'; var ezoicSearchable = 1; </script>   <script data-ezscrex="false" type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false">var _ezaq = {"ab_test_id":"mod56-c","ad_cache_level":1,"ad_lazyload_version":0,"ad_load_version":0,"city":"Ashburn","country":"US","days_since_last_visit":-1,"domain_id":450841,"engaged_time_visit":0,"ezcache_level":0,"ezcache_skip_code":0,"form_factor_id":1,"framework_id":1,"is_return_visitor":false,"is_sitespeed":0,"last_page_load":"","last_pageview_id":"","lt_cache_level":0,"metro_code":511,"page_ad_positions":"","page_view_count":0,"page_view_id":"ad203ac3-ef34-42a5-4fad-1b3461dec377","position_selection_id":0,"postal_code":"20149","pv_event_count":0,"response_size_orig":20305,"response_time_orig":223,"serverid":"i-056743ee59ba4fb8c","state":"VA","t_epoch":1685755040,"template_id":120,"time_on_site_visit":0,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-peace-process","user_id":0,"word_count":203,"worst_bad_word_level":0};var _ezExtraQueries = "&ez_orig=1";</script> <script data-ezscrex="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer data-cfasync="false"> function create_ezolpl(pvID, rv) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + (365*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "expires="+d.toUTCString(); __ez.ck.setByCat("ezux_lpl_450841=" + new Date().getTime() + "|" + pvID + "|" + rv + "; " + expires, 3); } function attach_ezolpl(pvID, rv) { if (document.readyState === "complete") { create_ezolpl(pvID, rv); } if(window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent("onload", create_ezolpl, pvID, rv); } else { if(window.onload) { var curronload = window.onload; var newonload = function(evt) { curronload(evt); create_ezolpl(pvID, rv); }; window.onload = newonload; } else { window.onload = create_ezolpl.bind(null, pvID, rv); } } } __ez.queue.addFunc("attach_ezolpl", "attach_ezolpl", ["ad203ac3-ef34-42a5-4fad-1b3461dec377", "false"], false, ['/detroitchicago/boise.js'], true, false, false, false); </script></head> <body class=""> <input type="checkbox" id="hamburger-menu-toggle" class="hamburger-menu-toggle"/> <label for="hamburger-menu-toggle" class="hamburger-menu"> <div class="line-container"> <div class="menu-top"></div> <div class="menu-middle"></div> <div class="menu-bottom"></div> </div> </label> <div class="slideout-panel"> <div> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bookstore" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Bookstore</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/glossary" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Glossary</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-library" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Library</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/links-bibliography-of-related-websites" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Links</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/latest-news-and-additions" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">News</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/aice-publications" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Publications</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/timeline-for-the-history-of-judaism" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Timeline</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/virtual-israel-experience" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Virtual Israel Experience</a> </div> <div> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/anti-semitism" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Anti-Semitism</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/biographies" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Biography</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">History</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-holocaust" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Holocaust</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Israel</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-education" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Israel Education</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/myths-and-facts-toc" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Myths & Facts</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/politics" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Politics</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/religion" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Religion</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/travel" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Travel</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/us-israel-relation" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">US & Israel</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/vital-statistics" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Vital Stats</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/women" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Women</a> </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="woodNav"> <div class="social"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.youtube.com/user/jewishvlibrary"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://twitter.com/JewishVLibrary"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.facebook.com/JewishVirtualLibrary/"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://jewishvirtuallibrary.tumblr.com/"><i class="fa fa-tumblr" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://app.mobilecause.com/form/HfNVhg" class="blueButton hvr-box-shadow-outset">donate</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/manage/optin?v=001v8sInscvtslUmSa9mTdS2LbAB-G3W53IBvP7HnYw4gqJLI12rcKuJiO9Y41cntwi" class="blueButton hvr-box-shadow-outset">subscribe</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/contact/index.shtml" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Contact</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/about/index.shtml" class="hvr-underline-from-center">About</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Home</a> </div> <nav> <div id="logoContainer" class="hvr-curl-top-right"> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/"><div id="logo"></div></a> </div> <div class="navigation-links-container"> <div class="top-nav">  <input type="checkbox" id="search-toggle"/> <label for="search-toggle" class="search-toggle-icon"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i> </label> <div id="secondaryLinks"> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/virtual-israel-experience" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Virtual Israel Experience</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/timeline-for-the-history-of-judaism" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Timeline</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/aice-publications" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Publications</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/latest-news-and-additions" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">News</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/links-bibliography-of-related-websites" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Links</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/glossary" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Glossary</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bookstore" class="blue hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Bookstore</a> </div> <div id="search"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <form method="get" action="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/site-search/"> <input name="q"/> </form> </div> </div> <div id="menu"> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/anti-semitism" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Anti-Semitism</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/biographies" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Biography</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">History</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-holocaust" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Holocaust</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Israel</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-education" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Israel Education</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/myths-and-facts-toc" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Myths & Facts</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/politics" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Politics</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/religion" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Religion</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/travel" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Travel</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/us-israel-relation" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">US & Israel</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/vital-statistics" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Vital Stats</a> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/women" class="hvr-underline-from-center bookUnderline">Women</a> </div> </div> </nav> <header style="background-image: url(/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/banners/default.jpg)"> <h1>Israel: Peace Process</h1> </header> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="container"> <div class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-toggle"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <div class="sidebar-wrapper"> <div class="padded"> <div class="category"> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="padding:10px;" class="dark">Category 禄</td> <td><a class="link" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel">Israel</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="flatLinks"><div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/agriculture-in-israel">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/archaeology-in-israel">Archaeology</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="israel-business-and-economy">Business & Economy</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/demographics-of-israel">Demographics</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/education-in-israel">Education</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/environment-and-nature-in-israel">Environment & Nature</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/geography-of-israel">Geography</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-government-and-politics">Government & Politics</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/health-and-medicine-in-israel">Health & Medicine</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jewish-holidays-and-festivals">Holidays</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/human-rights-in-israel">Human Rights</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/immigration-to-israel">Immigration</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israeli-arabs">Israeli Arabs</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-s-international-relations">International Relations</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-defense-forces-idf">Israel Defense Forces</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/minority-communities-in-israel">Minority Communities</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/modern-history-of-israel">Modern History</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-peace-process">Peace Process</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/photographs-of-israel">Photographs of Israel</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/pre-state-israel">Pre-State Israel</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israeli-public-opinion-polls">Public Opinion Polls</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-science-and-technology">Science & Technology</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-society-and-culture">Society & Culture</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/podcasts">Start-Up Nation for the Humanities (Podcast)</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/national-symbols-of-israel">Symbols of Israel</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/tourism-in-israel-2">Tourism</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/virtual-israel-experience">Virtual Israel Experience</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-s-wars-and-operations">Wars & Operations</a></div> <div class="link"><a class="hvr-underline-from-center" href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/zionism">Zionism</a></div></div> </div> <div class="box" id="mailing-list"> <div>Join our mailing list</div> <form name="ccoptin" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp" target="_blank" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="llr" value="odoiakbab"/> <input type="hidden" name="m" value="1100921190510"/> <input type="hidden" name="p" value="oi"/> <input type="text" name="ea" placeholder="Email address"/> <button type="submit" class="blueButton hvr-box-shadow-outset" onclick="joinMailingList()">Join</button> </form> </div> <div class="box" id="donate"> <div>Support JVL</div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://app.mobilecause.com/form/HfNVhg" class="blueButton hvr-box-shadow-outset">Donate</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main"> <div id="actions" class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="hvr-bounce-in" title="Print" href="javascript:window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a class="hvr-bounce-in a2a_dd" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.addtoany.com/share" title="Share"><i class="fa fa-share-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="links"><span>Israel:</span> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel" class="hvr-shadow-radial">Table of Contents</a>|<a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-government-and-politics" class="hvr-shadow-radial">Government & Politics</a>|<a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/IDFtoc.html" class="hvr-shadow-radial">Israel Defense Forces</a></div> <article> <table align="center" border="0" style="width:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-abraham-accords">The Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/multilateral-talks">Multilateral Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bahrain-virtual-jewish-history-tour#israel">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/egypt-israel-relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-jordan-relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-negotiations-with-lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-negotiations-with-the-palestinians">The Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/saudi-arabia-israel-relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-syrian-negotiations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israel-uae-relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> </ul> </td> <td><br/> 聽</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="popup--overlay" id="popup--overlay"> <div class="popup--container"> <button type="button" name="button" class="popup--button-close" id="popup--button-close"><span class="popup--button-text">close</span><img src="/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/icon-close.svg"/></button> <div class="popup--content"> <img src="/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/logo-v.svg" alt="" class="popup--content-logo"/> <p class="popup--content-title">Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library</p> <div class="popup--content-badges"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.leverageit.jvl" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/google-play-badge.svg" alt="Google Play"/></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/jewish-virtual-library/id1336516435?mt=8" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/app-store-badge.svg" alt="App Store"/></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="third"> <div id="footer1"> <img src="/web/20230603011721im_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/logo-h.svg"/> </div> </div> <div class="third" id="footer2"> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-library" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Library</a><br/> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/about-aice" class="hvr-underline-from-center">About</a><br/> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/contact-us" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Contact</a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://app.mobilecause.com/form/HfNVhg" class="hvr-underline-from-center">Donate</a><br/> <a href="/web/20230603011721/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/copyright" class="hvr-underline-from-center copyright-text">漏 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise</a> </div> <div class="third" id="footer3"> Join our mailing list<br/> <form name="ccoptin" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/d.jsp" target="_blank" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="llr" value="odoiakbab"/> <input type="hidden" name="m" value="1100921190510"/> <input type="hidden" name="p" value="oi"/> <input type="text" name="ea" placeholder="Email address"/> <button type="submit" onclick="joinMailingList()">Join</button> </form> <div class="social"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://jewishvirtuallibrary.tumblr.com/"><i class="fa fa-tumblr" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.facebook.com/JewishVirtualLibrary/"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://twitter.com/JewishVLibrary"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://www.youtube.com/user/jewishvlibrary"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20230603011721js_/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/js/libs.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721js_/https://cdn.popupsmart.com/bundle.js" data-id="21528" async="" defer=""></script> <script> $(function() { $(window).smartresize(function() { $('header h1').quickfit({ max: 48, min: 20, truncate: false }); $('header h2').quickfit({ max: 24, min: 15, truncate: false }); }); $(window).trigger('resize'); $('.subCatHeader').click(function(){ $(this).parent().toggleClass('collapsed'); }); if(window.innerWidth < 768) { if(sessionStorage.getItem('closedPopup') != "true") { document.getElementById("popup--overlay").style.display = "block"; } document.getElementById("popup--button-close").addEventListener("click", function(){ sessionStorage.setItem('closedPopup', "true"); document.getElementById("popup--overlay").style.display = "none"; }); } }); </script> <script async="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721js_/https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> _40nmcid = '40NM-11045-1'; (function() { var nm = document.createElement('script'); nm.type = 'text/javascript'; nm.async = true; nm.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://') + 'cdn.40nuggets.com/track-'+_40nmcid+'.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(nm,s); })(); </script>  <script> var glossary = []; $(function() { $.ajaxSetup({cache:true}); $.get( "/jvl-api/glossary-web", function( data ) { glossary = data; $('article').highlight(Object.keys(data), { wordsOnly: true, element: 'span', className: 'glossaryTerm', toolTip : true }); $.protip({ selector: '.glossaryTerm',defaults:{ position: 'top'}}); },'json'); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011721js_/https://www.sefaria.org/linker.js"></script> <script> sefaria.link(); </script>  <div class="ezmob-footer ezoic-floating-bottom ezo_ad ezmob-footer-desktop" id="ezmobfooter"><center><span id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-100"></span></center></div><script type="text/javascript" style="display:none;" async> __ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/edmonton.webp', '/detroitchicago/edmonton.webp?a=a&cb=0&shcb=34', true, ['/detroitchicago/minneapolis.js'], true, false, false, false); __ez.queue.addFile('/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp', '/porpoiseant/jellyfish.webp?a=a&cb=0&shcb=34', false, [], true, false, false, false); </script> <script>__ez.queue.addFile('/tardisrocinante/vitals.js', '/tardisrocinante/vitals.js?gcb=0&cb=3', false, ['/detroitchicago/minneapolis.js'], true, false, true, false);</script> <script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"></script> <script>var _audins_dom="jewishvirtuallibrary_org",_audins_did=450841;__ez.queue.addDelayFunc("audins.js","__ez.script.add", "//web.archive.org/web/20230603011721/https://go.ezodn.com/detroitchicago/audins.js?cb=195-0");</script><noscript><div style="display:none;"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20230603011721im_/https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-31iz6hfFutd16.gif?labels=Domain.jewishvirtuallibrary_org,DomainId.450841" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/></div></noscript> <script>__ez.queue.addFile('/beardeddragon/drake.js', '/beardeddragon/drake.js?gcb=0&cb=4', false, [], true, false, true, false);</script></body></html>