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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_01.JPG/220px-Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_01.JPG/330px-Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_01.JPG/440px-Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="2420" /></a><figcaption>Front of the cross</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardennenkreuz_(croce_processionale),_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le,_825-850_ca_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_03.JPG/220px-Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_03.JPG/330px-Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_03.JPG/440px-Ardennenkreuz_%28croce_processionale%29%2C_francia_del_nord_o_germania_occ.le%2C_825-850_ca_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2648" /></a><figcaption>Back</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Ardennes Cross</b> is a wooden <a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">processional cross</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian period">Carolingian period</a>, said to originate in a monastery in the Luxembourg <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>. Since 1894 it has been in the <a href="/wiki/Germanisches_Nationalmuseum" title="Germanisches Nationalmuseum">Germanisches Nationalmuseum</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> (inventory number 763 kg). </p><p>Probably made between 825 and 850 in northern France by an unknown craftsman, it is 73 cm high, studded with gold and set with gems and coloured glass. It is one of the few surviving examples of a <a href="/wiki/Crux_gemmata" title="Crux gemmata">crux gemmata</a> from the Carolingian period. These crosses were used in Christian liturgy between the 5th and 12th centuries, placed on the altar but without a figure of Christ. Their symbolic meaning and the impression given from a distance was more important than the cross' value and so (as here) coloured glass was also used alongside gemstones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardennes_Cross&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ernst Günther Grimme: <i>Goldschmiedekunst im Mittelalter. Form und Bedeutung des Reliquiars von 800 bis 1500.</i> M. DuMont Schauberg, Köln 1972, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-0669-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-0669-1">978-3-7701-0669-1</a>, S. 21.</li> <li>Rainer Kahsnitz: <i>Die Kunst der mittelalterlichen Kirchenschätze und das bürgerliche Kunsthandwerk des späten Mittelalters.</i> In: Bernward Deneke und Rainer Kahsnitz (ed.): <i>Das Germanische Nationalmuseum. Nürnberg 1852–1977. Beiträge zu seiner Geschichte.</i> München & Berlin 1978, S. 690–760</li> <li>Rainer Kahsnitz: <i>Das Ardennenkreuz. Eine crux gemmata aus karolingischer Zeit.</i> In: Rudolf Pörtner (ed.): <i>Das Schatzhaus der deutschen Geschichte. Das Germanische Nationalmuseum Nürnberg.</i> München 1982, S. 151–175.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardennes_Cross&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://objektkatalog.gnm.de/objekt/KG763">Catalogue entry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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gemmata (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crux_gemmata" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crux gemmata"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crux_gemmata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crux_gemmata" title="Crux gemmata">Crux gemmata</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Form of cross typical of Early Christian and Early Medieval art, where the cross, or at least its front side, is principally decorated with jewels.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th–9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Justin_II" title="Cross of Justin II">Cross of Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Angels" title="Cross of the Angels">Cross of the Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Agilulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross of Agilulf (page does not exist)">Cross of Agilulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisulf_I_of_Friuli" title="Gisulf I of Friuli">Cross of Gisulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Desiderius" title="Cross of Desiderius">Cross of Desiderius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_of_Guarrazar" title="Treasure of Guarrazar">Treasure of Guarrazar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ardennes Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Cross" title="Victory Cross">Victory Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Otto_and_Mathilde" title="Cross of Otto and Mathilde">Cross of Otto and Mathilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lothair" title="Cross of Lothair">Cross of Lothair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Pe%C3%B1alba" title="Cross of Peñalba">Cross of Peñalba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Mathilde" title="Cross of Mathilde">Cross of Mathilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen_cross_with_large_enamels" title="Essen cross with large enamels">Essen cross with large enamels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Cross" title="Imperial Cross">Imperial Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Theophanu" title="Cross of Theophanu">Cross of Theophanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_San_Salvador_de_Fuentes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross of San Salvador de Fuentes (page does not exist)">Cross of San Salvador de Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Stift_Enger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross of Stift Enger (page does not exist)">Cross of Stift Enger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Cong" title="Cross of Cong">Cross of Cong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Adelheid" title="Cross of Adelheid">Cross of Adelheid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Chersonesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross of Chersonesus (page does not exist)">Cross of Chersonesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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