CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Genesis 10:10 His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/genesis/10-10.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/12/01_Gen_10_10.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Genesis 10:10 - The Hamites" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/genesis/10-10.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/genesis/10-10.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/genesis/">Genesis</a> > <a href="/genesis/10.htm">Chapter 10</a> > Verse 10</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad10.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/genesis/10-9.htm" title="Genesis 10:9">◄</a> Genesis 10:10 <a href="/genesis/10-11.htm" title="Genesis 10:11">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/genesis/10.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/genesis/10.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Uruk, Akkad and Kalneh, in Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/genesis/10.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />He built his kingdom in the land of Babylonia, with the cities of Babylon, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/genesis/10.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/genesis/10.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/genesis/10.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/genesis/10.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/genesis/10.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/genesis/10.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />The beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/genesis/10.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/genesis/10.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />The beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/genesis/10.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />The beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar [in Babylonia].<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/genesis/10.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />His kingdom started with Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/genesis/10.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />His kingdom started with Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/genesis/10.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/genesis/10.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/genesis/10.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />The first [cities] in his kingdom were Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh in Shinar [Babylonia].<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/genesis/10.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />At first his kingdom included Babylon, Erech, and Accad, all three of them in Babylonia. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/genesis/10.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />His kingdom began in the region of Shinar with the cities of Babylon, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/genesis/10.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/genesis/10.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />The primary regions of his kingdom were Babel, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/genesis/10.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/genesis/10.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/genesis/10.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/genesis/10.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />And the first part of his kingdom is Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/genesis/10.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> And the first part of his kingdom is Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/genesis/10.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom shall be Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/genesis/10.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, and Arach, and Achad, and Chalanne in the land of Sennaar. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/genesis/10.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And so, the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, and Erech, and Accad, and Chalanne, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/genesis/10.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />His kingdom originated in Babylon, Erech and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/genesis/10.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/genesis/10.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, Erech, Akhar, and Caliah, in the land of Sinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/genesis/10.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And it was the beginning of his Kingdom of Babel, and Arak and Akar and Kalia in the land of Senar.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/genesis/10.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/genesis/10.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, and Orech, and Archad, and Chalanne, in the land of Senaar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/genesis/10-10.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7ehevn8iSgc?start=2156" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/genesis/10.htm">The Hamites</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">9</span>He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; so it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the LORD.” <span class="reftext">10</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/1961.htm" title="1961: wat·tə·hî (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To fall out, come to pass, become, be. A primitive root; to exist, i.e. Be or become, come to pass."></a> <a href="/hebrew/4467.htm" title="4467: mam·laḵ·tōw (N-fsc:: 3ms) -- Kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, reign. From malak; dominion, i.e. the estate or the country.">His kingdom</a> <a href="/hebrew/7225.htm" title="7225: rê·šîṯ (N-fsc) -- Beginning, chief. From the same as ro'sh; the first, in place, time, order or rank.">began</a> <a href="/hebrew/894.htm" title="894: bā·ḇel (N-proper-fs) -- From balal; confusion; Babel, including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire.">in Babylon,</a> <a href="/hebrew/751.htm" title="751: wə·’e·reḵ (Conj-w:: N-proper-fs) -- A city in Bab. From 'arak; length; Erek, a place in Babylon.">Erech,</a> <a href="/hebrew/390.htm" title="390: wə·’ak·kaḏ (Conj-w:: N-proper-fs) -- The name of a city in N. Bab. From an unused root probably meaning to strengthen; a fortress; Accad, a place in Babylon.">Accad,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3641.htm" title="3641: wə·ḵal·nêh (Conj-w:: N-proper-fs) -- Calneh -- a place in Babylon. Or Kalneh; also Kalnow; of foreign derivation; Calneh or Calno, a place in the Assyrian empire.">and Calneh,</a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: bə·’e·reṣ (Prep-b:: N-fsc) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">in the land</a> <a href="/hebrew/8152.htm" title="8152: šin·‘ār (N-proper-fs) -- Another name for Bab. Probably of foreign derivation; Shinar, a plain in Babylonia.">of Shinar.</a> </span><span class="reftext">11</span>From that land he went forth into Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/17-5.htm">Revelation 17:5</a></span><br />And on her forehead a mysterious name was written: BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF PROSTITUTES AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/micah/5-6.htm">Micah 5:6</a></span><br />And they will rule the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod with the blade drawn. So He will deliver us when Assyria invades our land and marches into our borders.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/13-19.htm">Isaiah 13:19</a></span><br />And Babylon, the jewel of the kingdoms, the glory of the pride of the Chaldeans, will be overthrown by God like Sodom and Gomorrah.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/50-21.htm">Jeremiah 50:21</a></span><br />Go up against the land of Merathaim, and against the residents of Pekod. Kill them and devote them to destruction. Do all that I have commanded you,” declares the LORD.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/51-58.htm">Jeremiah 51:58</a></span><br />This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Babylon’s thick walls will be leveled, and her high gates consumed by fire. So the labor of the people will be for nothing; the nations will exhaust themselves to fuel the flames.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/zechariah/5-11.htm">Zechariah 5:11</a></span><br />“To build a house for it in the land of Shinar,” he told me. “And when it is ready, the basket will be set there on its pedestal.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/47-1.htm">Isaiah 47:1</a></span><br />“Go down and sit in the dust, O Virgin Daughter of Babylon. Sit on the ground without a throne, O Daughter of the Chaldeans! For you will no longer be called tender or delicate.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/51-41.htm">Jeremiah 51:41</a></span><br />How Sheshach has been captured! The praise of all the earth has been seized. What a horror Babylon has become among the nations!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/daniel/1-2.htm">Daniel 1:2</a></span><br />And the Lord delivered into his hand Jehoiakim king of Judah, along with some of the articles from the house of God. He carried these off to the land of Shinar, to the house of his god, where he put them in the treasury of his god.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/14-4.htm">Isaiah 14:4</a></span><br />you will sing this song of contempt against the king of Babylon: How the oppressor has ceased, and how his fury has ended!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/50-2.htm">Jeremiah 50:2</a></span><br />“Announce and declare to the nations; lift up a banner and proclaim it; hold nothing back when you say, ‘Babylon is captured; Bel is put to shame; Marduk is shattered, her images are disgraced, her idols are broken in pieces.’<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/18-2.htm">Revelation 18:2</a></span><br />And he cried out in a mighty voice: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons and a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/21-9.htm">Isaiah 21:9</a></span><br />Look, here come the riders, horsemen in pairs.” And one answered, saying: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon! All the images of her gods lie shattered on the ground!”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/51-7.htm">Jeremiah 51:7</a></span><br />Babylon was a gold cup in the hand of the LORD, making the whole earth drunk. The nations drank her wine; therefore the nations have gone mad.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/14-8.htm">Revelation 14:8</a></span><br />Then a second angel followed, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, who has made all the nations drink the wine of the passion of her immorality.”</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.</p><p class="hdg">A.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/jeremiah/50-21.htm">Jeremiah 50:21</a></b></br> Go up against the land of Merathaim, <i>even</i> against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod: waste and utterly destroy after them, saith the LORD, and do according to all that I have commanded thee.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/micah/5-6.htm">Micah 5:6</a></b></br> And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver <i>us</i> from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders.</p><p class="hdg">Babel.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/11-9.htm">Genesis 11:9</a></b></br> Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/39-1.htm">Isaiah 39:1</a></b></br> At that time Merodachbaladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/micah/4-10.htm">Micah 4:10</a></b></br> Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail: for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt go <i>even</i> to Babylon; there shalt thou be delivered; there the LORD shall redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies.</p><p class="hdg">Calneh.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/10-9.htm">Isaiah 10:9</a></b></br> <i>Is</i> not Calno as Carchemish? <i>is</i> not Hamath as Arpad? <i>is</i> not Samaria as Damascus?</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/amos/6-2.htm">Amos 6:2</a></b></br> Pass ye unto Calneh, and see; and from thence go ye to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: <i>be they</i> better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border?</p><p class="hdg">Shinar.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/11-2.htm">Genesis 11:2</a></b></br> And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/14-1.htm">Genesis 14:1</a></b></br> And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/11-11.htm">Isaiah 11:11</a></b></br> And it shall come to pass in that day, <i>that</i> the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/psalms/87-4.htm">Babel</a> <a href="/revelation/18-21.htm">Babylon</a> <a href="/genesis/4-26.htm">Beginning</a> <a href="/amos/6-2.htm">Calneh</a> <a href="/ezra/4-9.htm">Erech</a> <a href="/genesis/10-8.htm">First</a> <a href="/revelation/17-17.htm">Kingdom</a> <a href="/genesis/4-4.htm">Part</a> <a href="/zechariah/5-11.htm">Shinar</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/genesis/11-9.htm">Babel</a> <a href="/2_kings/17-24.htm">Babylon</a> <a href="/genesis/11-6.htm">Beginning</a> <a href="/amos/6-2.htm">Calneh</a> <a href="/ezra/4-9.htm">Erech</a> <a href="/genesis/10-15.htm">First</a> <a href="/genesis/20-9.htm">Kingdom</a> <a href="/genesis/11-8.htm">Part</a> <a href="/genesis/11-2.htm">Shinar</a><div class="vheading2">Genesis 10</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-1.htm">The generations of Noah.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">2. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-2.htm">Japheth.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">6. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-6.htm">Ham.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-8.htm">Nimrod becomes the first monarch; the descendants of Canaan.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-21.htm">The sons of Shem.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/genesis/10.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/genesis/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/genesis/10.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>His kingdom began in Babylon</b><br>Babylon, located in Mesopotamia, is one of the most significant cities in biblical history. It later becomes synonymous with rebellion against God, as seen in the Tower of Babel narrative (Genesis 11). Babylon is often depicted as a symbol of human pride and opposition to divine authority. The city plays a crucial role in biblical prophecy, particularly in the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Revelation, where it represents worldly power and corruption. The mention of Babylon here foreshadows its future prominence and its eventual downfall as prophesied in <a href="/revelation/18.htm">Revelation 18</a>.<p><b>Erech</b><br>Erech, also known as Uruk, was an ancient city in southern Mesopotamia. It is one of the earliest known cities in history and is often associated with the Sumerian civilization. Archaeological findings suggest it was a major cultural and political center. The city's inclusion in this list highlights the early development of urban centers in the region and their influence on the surrounding areas. Erech's historical significance is underscored by its mention in ancient texts, including the Epic of Gilgamesh.<p><b>Accad</b><br>Accad, or Akkad, was the capital of the Akkadian Empire, founded by Sargon the Great. This empire is one of the first known empires in history, marking a significant development in the political landscape of the ancient Near East. The Akkadian Empire is noted for its advancements in administration and culture. The mention of Accad in <a href="/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10</a> indicates the early establishment of powerful city-states and their role in shaping the history of the region.<p><b>and Calneh</b><br>Calneh's exact location is uncertain, but it is believed to have been another significant city in the region of Shinar. Some scholars suggest it may have been located near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The inclusion of Calneh in this list emphasizes the concentration of early civilization in Mesopotamia and the interconnectedness of these cities. Calneh's mention alongside other prominent cities suggests its importance in the early development of human society.<p><b>in the land of Shinar</b><br>Shinar is a term used in the Bible to refer to the region of southern Mesopotamia, encompassing the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It is often associated with the broader region of Sumer and later Babylonia. Shinar is significant in biblical history as the location of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11) and as a symbol of human ambition and defiance against God. The land of Shinar is also mentioned in prophetic literature, such as in the book of Daniel, where it represents a center of power and influence.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/n/nimrod.htm">Nimrod</a></b><br>Although not mentioned directly in <a href="/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10</a>, Nimrod is the central figure in the surrounding verses. He is described as a mighty hunter and a powerful ruler whose kingdom began with Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/b/babel.htm">Babel</a></b><br>Known later as Babylon, Babel is the first city mentioned in Nimrod's kingdom. It is significant for the Tower of Babel event, which symbolizes human pride and the subsequent scattering of people by God.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/e/erech.htm">Erech</a></b><br>An ancient city in southern Mesopotamia, also known as Uruk. It was one of the major cities in Nimrod's kingdom and is often associated with early civilization and culture.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/a/accad.htm">Accad</a></b><br>Another city in Nimrod's kingdom, associated with the Akkadian Empire, which played a significant role in ancient Mesopotamian history.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/c/calneh.htm">Calneh</a></b><br>A city whose exact location is uncertain, but it is considered part of Nimrod's early kingdom in the land of Shinar.<br><br>6. <b><a href="/topical/s/shinar.htm">Shinar</a></b><br>The region where these cities were located, often identified with southern Mesopotamia. It is a significant area in biblical history, particularly in the context of early post-flood civilization.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/t/the_rise_of_human_kingdoms.htm">The Rise of Human Kingdoms</a></b><br><a href="/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10</a> marks the beginning of organized human kingdoms post-flood. It serves as a reminder of humanity's tendency to build empires and seek power, often apart from God.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_pride.htm">The Consequences of Pride</a></b><br>The mention of Babel foreshadows the events of <a href="/bsb/genesis/11.htm">Genesis 11</a>, where human pride leads to God's intervention. This teaches us the importance of humility and reliance on God rather than our own achievements.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_over_nations.htm">God's Sovereignty Over Nations</a></b><br>Despite human efforts to establish kingdoms, God remains sovereign. The scattering at Babel and the eventual fall of Babylon in Revelation illustrate that God's purposes prevail over human plans.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/c/cultural_and_historical_context.htm">Cultural and Historical Context</a></b><br>Understanding the historical and cultural context of these ancient cities helps us appreciate the Bible's account and its relevance to human history.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/l/legacy_and_influence.htm">Legacy and Influence</a></b><br>Nimrod's kingdom set a precedent for future empires. Reflecting on this can prompt us to consider the legacy we are building and its alignment with God's kingdom.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_genesis_10.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Genesis 10</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_does_the_bible_say_about_babylon.htm">What does the Bible say about Babylon?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what's_mesopotamia's_biblical_role.htm">What is Mesopotamia's significance in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/should_we_avoid_following_the_crowd.htm">What is the significance of Shinar in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what's_shinar's_role_in_the_bible.htm">What is the significance of Shinar in the Bible?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/genesis/10.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(10) <span class= "bld">The beginning of his kingdom.</span>--Nimrod's empire began with the cities enumerated in this verse, and thence extended into Assyria, as is mentioned in <a href="/genesis/10-11.htm" title="Out of that land went forth Asshur, and built Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,">Genesis 10:11</a>. First, then, he established his sovereignty "in the land of Shinar: "that is, in Babylonia, the lower portion of Mesopotamia, as distinguished from Assyria, the upper portion. It is called <span class= "ital">Sumir </span>in the cuneiform inscriptions. In <a href="/micah/5-6.htm" title="And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he comes into our land, and when he treads within our borders.">Micah 5:6</a> Babylonia is called "the land of Nimrod." His cities there were four.<p><span class= "bld">Babel.</span>--That is, <span class= "ital">Bab-ili, </span>"the gate of God," the literal translation in Assyrian of its previous Accadian name, Ca-dimirra (<span class= "ital">Chald. Gen., </span>p. 168). In <a href="/genesis/11-9.htm" title="Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from there did the LORD scatter them abroad on the face of all the earth.">Genesis 11:9</a> the word is derisively derived from a Hebrew root meaning <span class= "ital">confusion, </span>because of the confusion of tongues there.<p><span class= "bld">Erech.</span>--"At the time of the opening of the Izdubar legends, the great city of the south of Babylonia was Urak, called in Genesis Erech" (<span class= "ital">Chald. Gen., </span>p. 192). It was ravaged by Kudur-nankhunte, king of Elam, in the year B.C. 2280, according to an inscription of Assurbanipal (B.C. 670). It lies about thirty leagues to the south-east of Babylon, and is now called Warka. From the numerous mounds and remains of coffins discovered there, it is supposed to have been the early burial-place of the Assyrian kings. (See also Rawlin-son's <span class= "ital">Ancient Monarchies, </span>1, pp. 18, 156.)<p><span class= "bld">Accad.</span>--This name, which was meaningless fifty years ago, is now a household word in the mouth of Assyriologers; for in deciphering the cuneiform literature it was found that many of the works, especially in the library of Sargon, were translations from an extinct language; and as these were deciphered it gradually became evident that before any inhabitants of the Semitic stock had entered Chaldea it had been peopled by the Accadians, a black race, who had been "the builders of its cities, the inventors of the cuneiform system of writing, and the founders of the culture and civilisation afterwards borrowed by the Semites" (<span class= "ital">Chald. Gen., </span>p. 19). This Sargon, who was king of Agane, in Babylonia, about B.C. 1800. is of course a different person from the Ninevite Sargon mentioned in <a href="/isaiah/20-1.htm" title="In the year that Tartan came to Ashdod, (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod, and took it;">Isaiah 20:1</a>, who also was the founder of a noble library about B.C. 721; and as the Accadian language was already in his days passing away, this earlier or Babylonian Sargon caused translations to be made, especially of those works in which the Accadians had recorded their astronomical and astrological observations, and placed them in his library at Agane. Previously also "Semitic translations of Accadian works had been made for the library of Erech, one of the earliest seats of Semitic power" (<span class= "ital">Ibid, </span>p. 21). Mr. Sayce places the conquest of Shinar by the Semites at some period two or three thousand years before the Christian era, and thus the founding of these cities and the empire of the Accadians goes back to a still more remote date, especially as the struggle between them and their conquerors was a very prolonged one (<span class= "ital">Ibid, </span>p. 20). . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/genesis/10.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 10.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And the beginning of his kingdom</span>. Either his first kingdom, as contrasted with his second (Knobel), or the commencement of his sovereignty (Keil, Kalisch), or the principal city of his empire (Rosenmüller); or all three may be legitimately embraced in the term <span class="accented">reshith</span>, only it does not necessarily imply that Nimrod <span class="accented">built</span> any of the cities mentioned. <span class="cmt_word">Was Babel</span>. Babylon, "the land of Nimrod" (<a href="/micah/5-6.htm">Micah 5:6</a>), the origin of which is described in <a href="/genesis/11-1.htm">Genesis 11:1</a>, grew to be a great city covering an area of 225 square reties, reached its highest glory under Nebuchadnezzar (<a href="/daniel/4-30.htm">Daniel 4:30</a>), and succumbed to the Medo-Persian power under Belshazzar (<a href="/daniel/5-31.htm">Daniel 5:31</a>). The remains of this great city have been discovered on the east bank of the Euphrates near Hillah, where there is a square mound called "Babil" by the Arabs (Rawlinson's 'Ancient Monarchies,' vol. 1. <a href="/genesis/1.htm">Genesis 1</a>). <span class="cmt_word">And Erech</span>. The Orchoe of Ptolemy, identified by Rawlinson as Wurka, about eighty miles south of Babylon. <span class="cmt_word">And Accad</span>. <span class="greek">Ἀρχάδ</span> (LXX.); the city Sittace on the river Argade (Bochart); Sakada, a town planted by Ptolemy below Ninus (Clericus); Accete, north of Babylon (Knobel, Lange); identified with the ruins of Niffer, to the south of Hillah (Keil); with those of Akkerkoof, north of Hillah (Kalisch). Rawlinson does not identify the site; George Smith regards it as "the capital of Sargon, the great city Agadi, near the city of Sippara on the Euphrates, and north of Babylon ('Assyrian Discoveries,' <a href="/genesis/12.htm">Genesis 12</a>.). <span class="cmt_word">And Calneh</span>. Calno (<a href="/isaiah/10-9.htm">Isaiah 10:9</a>); Canneh (<a href="/ezekiel/27-23.htm">Ezekiel 27:23</a>); Ctesiphon, east of the Tigris, north-east of Babylon (Jerome, Eusebius, Bochart, Michaelis, Kalisch); identified with the ruins of Niffer on the east of the Euphrates (Rawlinson). <span class="cmt_word">In the land of Shinar</span>. Babylonia, as distinguished from Assyria (<a href="/isaiah/11-11.htm">Isaiah 11:11</a>), the lower part of Mesopotamia, or Chaldaea. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/genesis/10-10.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">His kingdom</span><br /><span class="heb">מַמְלַכְתּוֹ֙</span> <span class="translit">(mam·laḵ·tōw)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4467.htm">Strong's 4467: </a> </span><span class="str2">Kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, reign</span><br /><br /><span class="word">began</span><br /><span class="heb">רֵאשִׁ֤ית</span> <span class="translit">(rê·šîṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - feminine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7225.htm">Strong's 7225: </a> </span><span class="str2">The first, in place, time, order, rank</span><br /><br /><span class="word">in Babylon,</span><br /><span class="heb">בָּבֶ֔ל</span> <span class="translit">(bā·ḇel)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_894.htm">Strong's 894: </a> </span><span class="str2">Babylon -- an eastern Mediterranean empire and its capital city</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Erech,</span><br /><span class="heb">וְאֶ֖רֶךְ</span> <span class="translit">(wə·’e·reḵ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_751.htm">Strong's 751: </a> </span><span class="str2">Erech -- a city in Babylon</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Accad,</span><br /><span class="heb">וְאַכַּ֣ד</span> <span class="translit">(wə·’ak·kaḏ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_390.htm">Strong's 390: </a> </span><span class="str2">Accad -- the name of a city in northern Babylon</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Calneh,</span><br /><span class="heb">וְכַלְנֵ֑ה</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ḵal·nêh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3641.htm">Strong's 3641: </a> </span><span class="str2">Calneh -- a place in Babylon</span><br /><br /><span class="word">in the land</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּאֶ֖רֶץ</span> <span class="translit">(bə·’e·reṣ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Shinar.</span><br /><span class="heb">שִׁנְעָֽר׃</span> <span class="translit">(šin·‘ār)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8152.htm">Strong's 8152: </a> </span><span class="str2">Shinar -- another name for Babylon</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/genesis/10-10.htm">Genesis 10:10 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/genesis/10-10.htm">OT Law: Genesis 10:10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel (Gen. Ge Gn)</a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/genesis/10-9.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Genesis 10:9"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Genesis 10:9" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/genesis/10-11.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Genesis 10:11"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Genesis 10:11" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>