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međutim, to nije obavezno"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Sjemenka" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi me</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za odjavljene urednike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Saznajte više o uređivanju"><span>detaljnije</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Spisak izmjena napravljenih s ove IP-adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o izmjenama s ove IP-adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Ezatvori\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"bs\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"fmbox fmbox-system\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"border:1px solid #EAAD3B; 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text-align:center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Datoteka:Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg/40px-Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg/60px-Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg/120px-Wiki_Loves_Ramadan_Logomark_01.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1080\" data-file-height=\"1080\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EPridružite se uređivačkom maratonu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_voli_ramazan_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Wikipedia voli ramazan 2025.\"\u003EWikipedia voli ramazan 2025\u003C/a\u003E, koji traje od 25. 2. do 15. 4. Detaljnije na \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_voli_ramazan_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Wikipedia voli ramazan 2025.\"\u003Estranici projekta\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Ctable class=\"fmbox fmbox-system\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"border:1px solid #409262; text-align:center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"27\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EPridružite se uređivačkom maratonu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Ure%C4%91iva%C4%8Dki_maraton_povodom_Svjetskog_dana_Roma_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Uređivački maraton povodom Svjetskog dana Roma 2025.\"\u003ESvjetski dan Roma 2025\u003C/a\u003E, koji traje od 1. 4. do 15. 4. Detaljnije na \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Ure%C4%91iva%C4%8Dki_maraton_povodom_Svjetskog_dana_Roma_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Uređivački maraton povodom Svjetskog dana Roma 2025.\"\u003Estranici projekta\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Razvoj_iz_sjemena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Razvoj_iz_sjemena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Razvoj iz sjemena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Razvoj_iz_sjemena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nastanak_i_evolucija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nastanak_i_evolucija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nastanak i evolucija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nastanak_i_evolucija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sjemenka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 120 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad" title="Saad – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simient" title="Simient – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Simient" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="بذرة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بذرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiente" title="Semiente – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Semiente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha – ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jatha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxum" title="Toxum – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toxum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C)" title="توخوم (بیتگی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توخوم (بیتگی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%A1" title="Орлоҡ – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Орлоҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot" title="Soot – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Soot" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siekla" title="Siekla – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Siekla" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisog" title="Pisog – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pisog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Насенне – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Насенне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Насеньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Насеньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Семе – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बीया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बीया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paung" title="Paung – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Paung" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9C" title="বীজ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বীজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llavor" title="Llavor – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llavor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%AB-c%C4%AB" title="Cī-cī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cī-cī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semeno" title="Semeno – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semeno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Вăрă (ботаника) – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăрă (ботаника)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8_(plantedel)" title="Frø (plantedel) – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frø (plantedel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_(Pflanze)" title="Same (Pflanze) – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Same (Pflanze)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σπόρος – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπόρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed" title="Seed – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seed" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semo_(planto)" title="Semo (planto) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semo (planto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilla" title="Semilla – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeme" title="Seeme – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seeme" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazi" title="Hazi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hazi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1" title="بذر – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بذر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemen" title="Siemen – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siemen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawa" title="Kawa – fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kawa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graine" title="Graine – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Graine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sied_(plant)" title="Sied (plant) – zapadni frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sied (plant)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADol" title="Síol – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Síol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenn" title="Grenn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Grenn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semente" title="Semente – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Semente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%27%E1%BB%B9i" title="Ta'ỹi – gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ta'ỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%A2_(%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="זרע (בוטניקה) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זרע (בוטניקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="बीज – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बीज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeme" title="Sjeme – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeme" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenn" title="Grenn – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Grenn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag" title="Mag – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4" title="Սերմ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semine" title="Semine – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Semine" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biji" title="Biji – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semino" title="Semino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Semino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A6" title="Fræ – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fræ" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seme" title="Seme – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiji" title="Wiji – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wiji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifes" title="Ifes – kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ifes" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi_(Bagian_jak_tumbuh-tumbuhan)" title="Isi (Bagian jak tumbuh-tumbuhan) – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Isi (Bagian jak tumbuh-tumbuhan)" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Тұқым – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұқым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9C" title="ಬೀಜ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೀಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%94%A8" title="씨 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="씨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Урук – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Урук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen" title="Semen – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Semen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som_(Planz)" title="Som (Planz) – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Som (Planz)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momb%C3%B3to" title="Mombóto – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mombóto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97kla" title="Sėkla – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sėkla" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%93kla" title="Sēkla – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sēkla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihin-javamaniry" title="Vihin-javamaniry – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vihin-javamaniry" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Семе – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="വിത്ത് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="बी – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biji" title="Biji – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7" title="မျိုးစေ့ – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျိုးစေ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semmenta" title="Semmenta – napolitanski" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Semmenta" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaod_(plaante)" title="Zaod (plaante) – donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zaod (plaante)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89" title="बिउ – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaad_(plant)" title="Zaad (plant) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zaad (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8" title="Frø – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frø" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8" title="Frø – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frø" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grana" title="Grana – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyii" title="Sanyii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sanyii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬੀਜ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੀਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasiono" title="Nasiono – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nasiono" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="بی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="تخمونه – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تخمونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semente" title="Semente – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muru" title="Muru – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83m%C3%A2n%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Sămânță – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sămânță" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simin%C8%9B%C3%A2" title="Simințâ – arumunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Simințâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Семя – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="धान्यानि – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="धान्यानि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simenza" title="Simenza – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Simenza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed" title="Seed – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Seed" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D8%AC" title="ٻج – sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeme" title="Sjeme – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjeme" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed" title="Seed – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seed" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semeno_(rastlina)" title="Semeno (rastlina) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Semeno (rastlina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seme" title="Seme – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seme" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbeu" title="Mbeu – šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mbeu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniin" title="Iniin – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Iniin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fara" title="Fara – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Семе – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siki" title="Siki – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Siki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6" title="Frö – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frö" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbegu" title="Mbegu – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mbegu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sapaluma" title="sapaluma – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sapaluma" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="வித்து – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வித்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="విత్తనం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విత్తనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buto_ng_halaman" title="Buto ng halaman – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buto ng halaman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohum" title="Tohum – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tohum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbewu" title="Mbewu – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mbewu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D9%82" title="ئۇرۇق – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇرۇق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Насіння – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Насіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="بیج – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urug%CA%BBlik" title="Urugʻlik – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Urugʻlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samesa" title="Samesa – venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Samesa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t" title="Hạt – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinne" title="Grinne – valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Grinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisu" title="Lisu – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lisu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90" title="种子 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="种子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceh" title="Ceh – zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ceh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="種子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AD" title="Chí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%BD" title="籽 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="籽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40763#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjeme&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjeme">Sjeme</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Phaseolus_vulgaris_seed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Phaseolus_vulgaris_seed.jpg/250px-Phaseolus_vulgaris_seed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Phaseolus_vulgaris_seed.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="168" /></a><figcaption>Sjemenke raznih sorti <a href="/wiki/Grah" title="Grah">graha</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris" title="Phaseolus vulgaris">Phaseolus vulgaris</a></i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg/250px-Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg/330px-Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg/500px-Budowa_nasienia-dwuliscienne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="1338" /></a><figcaption>Građa sjemenke<br /> A: <a href="/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjemenjača">Sjemenjača</a>, <br />B: <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a>, <br />C: <a href="/wiki/Kotiledoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotiledoni">Kotiledoni</a>, <br />D: <a href="/wiki/Hipokotil" title="Hipokotil">Hipokotil</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sjemenka</b> ili <i>sjeme</i> je svaki od tijela koji je dio ploda od kojeg izrasta nova <a href="/wiki/Biljka" class="mw-redirect" title="Biljka">biljka</a>. To je struktura kojom se ostvaruje širenje <a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">biljkana</a> koje se označavaju kao <a href="/wiki/Spermatophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyta">skrivenosjemenjače</a> (sjemenjače). Sjeme se proizvodi sazrijeva iz <a href="/wiki/Jaje" title="Jaje">jajeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperme" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnosperme">golosjemenjača</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Angiospermi</a>. Ako sjeme sadrži <a href="/wiki/Embrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrion">embrion</a> nove biljke, može se razviti pod odgovarajućim uvjetima. Također sadrži izvor uskladištene hrane, umotane u <i>zaštitni poklopac</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg/300px-Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg/450px-Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg/600px-Avocado_seed_diagram-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Dijelovi sjemenke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avokado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avokado (stranica ne postoji)">avokada</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persea_americana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persea americana (stranica ne postoji)">Persea americana</a></i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Postoji mnogo različitih vrsta sjemena. Neke biljke formiraju puno sjemena, a neki samo nekoliko. Sjemena su često teška i vrlo mala, ali neka su veća. U <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokos (stranica ne postoji)">kokosa</a> je veliko kao <a href="/wiki/Dijete" title="Dijete">dječija</a> <a href="/wiki/Glava" title="Glava">glava</a>, ali sadrži više nego samo sjeme. Na početku, sjemenke su <i>uspavane</i> za neko vrijeme. Kada su spremne da se razviju, treba im vode, zraka i topline, ali ne i sunca, bi postale <a href="/wiki/Klijanac" class="mw-redirect" title="Klijanac">klijanac</a>. </p><p>Sjemenke imaju <a href="/wiki/Hrana" title="Hrana">hranu</a> koja pomaže novoj biljci da počne rasti. Ova hrana je u <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">endospermu</a>, i / ili u <a href="/wiki/Kotiledon" title="Kotiledon">kotiledonima</a>. Mnoge vrste sjemena su dobra hrana za <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">životinje</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">ljude</a>. Mnoge vrste <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDitarica" class="mw-redirect" title="Žitarica">žitarica</a> koje se gaje, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%BEa" title="Riža">riža</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C5%A1enica" title="Pšenica">pšenica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kukuruz" title="Kukuruz">kukuruz</a>, kultivirane su zbog sjemena. Sjemenke su često unutar <a href="/wiki/Plod" title="Plod">plodova</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Razvoj_iz_sjemena">Razvoj iz sjemena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Razvoj iz sjemena"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Razvoj iz sjemena"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Seed_Development_Cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Seed_Development_Cycle.svg/330px-Seed_Development_Cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Seed_Development_Cycle.svg/500px-Seed_Development_Cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Seed_Development_Cycle.svg/600px-Seed_Development_Cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption><b>Faze razvoja sjemenke</b>: <div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><div style="margin-right:20px;"> <b>I</b> Zigot<br /> <b>II</b> Proembrion<br /> <b>III</b> Globula </div> </td> <td><div style="margin-right: 20px;"> <b>IV</b> Srž<br /> <b>V</b> Torpedo<br /> <b>VI</b> Zreli ebrio </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <b>Ključ</b>:<br />1. <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a> <br />2. <a href="/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot">Zigot</a> <br />3. <a href="/wiki/Embrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrion">Embrion</a> <br />4. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suspenzor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suspenzor (stranica ne postoji)">Suspenzor</a> <br />5. <a href="/wiki/Kotiledoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotiledoni">Kotiledoni</a> <br />6. Vršni <a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">meristem</a> stabalceta <br />7. <a href="/wiki/Korijen_(biljka)" title="Korijen (biljka)">korijenov</a> vršni meristem <br />8. Radikula <br />9. <a href="/wiki/Hipokotil" title="Hipokotil">Hipokotil</a> <br />10. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epilotil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epilotil (stranica ne postoji)">Epilotil</a> <br />11. Sjemenjača (sjemena ovojnica)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg/500px-Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg/525px-Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg/700px-Ovule-Gymno-Angio-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Biljne ovule (jajašca): Gimnospermske ovule (lijevo), sngiospermske ovule (u <a href="/wiki/Ovarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarij">ovariju</a>), desno</figcaption></figure> <p>Sjeme, iako nije aktivno, je malo živobiće. Sadrži <a href="/wiki/Embrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrion">embrion</a> buduće biljke, koja se ne mijenja ili je u razvoju: </p> <ul><li>to je <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dormancija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dormancija (stranica ne postoji)">dormancija</a></i> (uspavanost). Opće je mišljenje da se sjeme "spava" dok ne dobije ono što je potrebno da se probudi. To nije tačno. Različite sjemenke imaju različite navike, bez sumnje prilagođene njihovim <a href="/wiki/Stani%C5%A1te" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanište">staništima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baskin,_C.C_1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baskin,_C.C_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Postoje različite vrste faza odmaranje u sjemenkama: </p> <dl><dd>1. <b>Mirovanje</b> sjemana (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dormancija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dormancija (stranica ne postoji)">dormancija</a></i>) znači da se ono ne razvija neko vrijeme, čak i kada su uslovi pogodni za odgođeno <a href="/wiki/Klijanje" title="Klijanje">klijanje</a> (razvoj), što daje vremena za širenje. Unutar sjemena koje prije ili kasnije klija , odvijaju se promjene. Detalji se jako razlikuju između <a href="/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija)">vrsta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fenner_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenner-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>p98</sup></dd> <dd>2. <b>Zimski san</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hibernacija" title="Hibernacija">hibernacija</a></i>) sjemena je period kada ne klija, jer uslovi nisu pravi. Okidač početka klijanja je određeni događaj u <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">okruženju</a>. Detalji o okidačima su poznati za neka, ali ne sva, sjemena. <a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%A1a" title="Kiša">Kiša</a>, <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEar" title="Požar">požari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> <a href="/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo">tla</a> su primjeri. Mnoge sjemenke klijaju tek nakon što su pojedene i prošle kroz <a href="/wiki/Probavni_sistem" title="Probavni sistem">probavni sistem</a> životinje. To se je samo jedan od mnogobrojnih načina širenja.</dd></dl> <p>Kada sjeme klija ( "probudi se"), počinje da raste u malu biljka zvanu <i>klijanac</i>. Koristi mehke mesnate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materijal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materijal (stranica ne postoji)">materijale</a> unutar sjemenke za dobijanje hranjivih tvari (hrane) dok ne bude spremna da se hrani produktima vlastite <a href="/wiki/Biosinteza" title="Biosinteza">biosinteze</a>, uz korištenje sunčevih zraka, <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraka</a>. </p><p>Većina sjeme klija podzemno, gdje nema sunca. Biljka ne treba hranjive tvari u tlu za nekoliko dana ili sedmica, jer seme ima sve tvari koje treba da bi raslo. Kasnije, međutim, počinje potreba za sunčevom energijom. Ako postoji sunčeva svjetlost, biljka će je koristiti za raste zdravo. Ako nema svjetla, biljke će i dalje rasti za neko vrijeme, ali je njegovi <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastidi</a> neće biti zreli: u <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastidima</a> se ne formira <a href="/wiki/Hlorofil" title="Hlorofil">hlorofil</a> . Ako biljka ne dobije dovoljno svjetla, na kraju uginuti. Svjetlost je potrebna da stvara sopstvenu kada se potroše rezerve iz sjemena. </p> <ul><li>Najstarije sjeme koje je datirano <a href="/wiki/Metod_radiougljika" class="mw-redirect" title="Metod radiougljika">metodom <sup>14</sup>C</a>, a koje je izraslo u biljku poticalo je od biljke <a href="/wiki/Jevrej" class="mw-redirect" title="Jevrej">jevrejska</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurma" title="Hurma">hurma</a>. Bilo je staro oko 2.000 godina, a oporavilo nakon iskopavanja palate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agripa_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agripa I (stranica ne postoji)">Heroda Velikog</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masada (stranica ne postoji)">Masadi</a> u <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izraelu</a>. Klijalo je u <a href="/wiki/2005" class="mw-redirect" title="2005">2005</a>. godini.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Najveći sjemenke ima <i>Coco de mer</i> ili "dvostruka kokosova palma" (<i>Lodoicea maldivica</i>). Čitav plod može težiti i do 23 kilograma i obično sadrži jednu sjemenku .</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nastanak_i_evolucija">Nastanak i evolucija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Nastanak i evolucija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nastanak i evolucija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sjemena su važna za razvoj u <a href="/wiki/Reprodukcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Reprodukcija">reprodukciji</a> i širenju <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Četinar">četinara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cvjetnica" title="Cvjetnica">cvjetnica</a>. Biljke kao što su <a href="/wiki/Mahovine" title="Mahovine">mahovine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krstasti_kopitnjak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krstasti kopitnjak (stranica ne postoji)">krstasti kopitnjak</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paprati" class="mw-redirect" title="Paprati">paprati</a> nemaju sjeme i koriste nezaštićene <a href="/wiki/Spore" class="mw-redirect" title="Spore">spore</a> i druge načine propagacije. Prije perioda gornjeg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devon (stranica ne postoji)">devona</a>, kopnene biljke, kao što su moderne paprati, reproducirale su se rasijavanjem spora u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrak</a>. Spora će sletjeti i postati nove biljke samo u povoljnim uvjetima. Spore imaju malo hrane na čuvanju, a mogu biti i samo pojedinačne ćelije, a ne <a href="/wiki/Embrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrion">embrion</a>. </p><p>Evolucija sjemena je promenila <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotni_ciklus" title="Životni ciklus">životni ciklus</a> biljaka, oslobađanjem od potrebe za eksternim količinama vode za <a href="/wiki/Spolno_razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Spolno razmnožavanje">spolno razmnožavanje</a>, kao i pružanjem zaštite i hranljivih materija za embrione u razvoju. Ove funkcije dozvolile su biljkama da se proširi izvan neposredne blizine izvora vode. Dobile su mogućnost da iskoriste životne sredine koje su bile strme i brdske. Ovo se može vidjeti po uspjehu sjemena biljaka u važnim biološkim <a href="/wiki/Ekolo%C5%A1ka_ni%C5%A1a" title="Ekološka niša">nišama</a> na Zemlji, od <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uma" title="Šuma">šuma</a> do <a href="/wiki/Travnjak" title="Travnjak">travnjaka</a>, kako u toplim, tako i u hladnim <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klimatima</a>. U današnje sjemena biljke su <a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a>, s golim sjemkama, a <a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermae">Angiospermae</a> su sa sakrivenim sjemenom, obično <a href="/wiki/Plod" title="Plod">plodovima</a>. .<sup id="cite_ref-Willis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>p92</sup> </p><p>Prva biljke sa sjemenkama datiraju od gornjeg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devona (stranica ne postoji)">devona</a>,od prije 370-354 miliona godina, što je vjerojatno epoha njihovog prve divergentne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rev_olucija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rev olucija (stranica ne postoji)">evolucije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Adaptivna_radijacija" title="Adaptivna radijacija">adaptacijske radijacije</a>. Najraniji sjemena za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Drvo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Drvo">drveta</a> su se pojavila u šumama <a href="/wiki/Karbon" class="mw-disambig" title="Karbon">karbonskog</a> perioda. Biljke sjemenjače su postale jedan od najvažnijih elementi skoro svih <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Razmnožavanje">Razmnožavanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spolno_razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Spolno razmnožavanje">Spolno razmnožavanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cvjetnice" class="mw-redirect" title="Cvjetnice">Cvjetnice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sofradžija A., Šoljan D., Hadžiselimović R. (2003): Biologija 1, Svjetlost, Sarajevo, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9958-10-592-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9958-10-592-6">9958-10-592-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baskin,_C.C_1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baskin,_C.C_1998_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baskin C.C. & Baskin J.M. 1998. <i>Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination</i>. Academic Press, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenner-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenner_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fenner, Michael and Thompson, Ken 2005. <i>The ecology of seeds</i>. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9780521653688" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9780521653688">9780521653688</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roach, John. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/11/1122_051122_old_seed.html">2,000-Year-Old Seed sprouts, sapling is thriving</a>, <i>National Geographic News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willis_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willis K.J. and McElwain J.C. 2002. <i>The evolution of plants</i>. Oxford.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCorner_EJH1966" class="citation book cs1">Corner EJH (1966). <i>The natural history of Palms</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. str. 313–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+natural+history+of+Palms&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=313-4&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Corner+EJH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ASjemenka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seeds?uselang=bs">Sjemenka </a></span></b></div></div> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&oldid=3607111">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjemenka&oldid=3607111</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Botanika" title="Kategorija:Botanika">Botanika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Kategorija:Razmnožavanje">Razmnožavanje</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 16 maj 2024 u 13:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>120 jezika</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Dodaj temu</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-845f5977-9n445","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.128","walltime":"0.192","ppvisitednodes":{"value":394,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3971,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":456,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7465,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 143.403 1 -total"," 72.10% 103.397 1 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