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85.2,14.9 62.8, 14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9 "></polygon></svg></a></div></div></div></header><div class="css-xbsqlp css-15lkjjo"><div class="css-1m1176 css-95xunl"><div class="css-12vsfho"><div class="css-tctv7l"><div class="css-10335ra"><article class="css-174qq1k"><header class="css-hgc6lu"><h1 class="css-1obw60b">Testing Recipes</h1></header><div class="css-124oy3v"><div class="css-6nf64v">Common testing patterns for React components. <blockquote> Note: This page assumes you’re using <a href="https://jestjs.io/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Jest</a> as a test runner. If you use a different test runner, you may need to adjust the API, but the overall shape of the solution will likely be the same. Read more details on setting up a testing environment on the <a href="/docs/testing-environments.html">Testing Environments</a> page. </blockquote> On this page, we will primarily use function components. However, these testing strategies don’t depend on implementation details, and work just as well for class components too. <ul> <li><a href="#setup--teardown">Setup/Teardown</a></li> <li><a href="#act"><code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code></a></li> <li><a href="#rendering">Rendering</a></li> <li><a href="#data-fetching">Data Fetching</a></li> <li><a href="#mocking-modules">Mocking Modules</a></li> <li><a href="#events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="#timers">Timers</a></li> <li><a href="#snapshot-testing">Snapshot Testing</a></li> <li><a href="#multiple-renderers">Multiple Renderers</a></li> <li><a href="#something-missing">Something Missing?</a></li> </ul> <hr> <h3 id="setup--teardown"><a href="#setup--teardown" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Setup/Teardown </h3> For each test, we usually want to render our React tree to a DOM element that’s attached to <code class="gatsby-code-text">document</code>. This is important so that it can receive DOM events. When the test ends, we want to “clean up” and unmount the tree from the <code class="gatsby-code-text">document</code>. A common way to do it is to use a pair of <code class="gatsby-code-text">beforeEach</code> and <code class="gatsby-code-text">afterEach</code> blocks so that they’ll always run and isolate the effects of a test to itself: <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">import { unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container); }); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; });</code></pre></div> You may use a different pattern, but keep in mind that we want to execute the cleanup even if a test fails. Otherwise, tests can become “leaky”, and one test can change the behavior of another test. That makes them difficult to debug. <hr> <h3 id="act"><a href="#act" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code> </h3> When writing UI tests, tasks like rendering, user events, or data fetching can be considered as “units” of interaction with a user interface. <code class="gatsby-code-text">react-dom/test-utils</code> provides a helper called <a href="/docs/test-utils.html#act"><code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code></a> that makes sure all updates related to these “units” have been processed and applied to the DOM before you make any assertions: <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">act(() => { // render components }); // make assertions</code></pre></div> This helps make your tests run closer to what real users would experience when using your application. The rest of these examples use <code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code> to make these guarantees. You might find using <code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code> directly a bit too verbose. To avoid some of the boilerplate, you could use a library like <a href="https://testing-library.com/react" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">React Testing Library</a>, whose helpers are wrapped with <code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code>. <blockquote> Note: The name <code class="gatsby-code-text">act</code> comes from the <a href="http://wiki.c2.com/?ArrangeActAssert" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Arrange-Act-Assert</a> pattern. </blockquote> <hr> <h3 id="rendering"><a href="#rendering" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Rendering </h3> Commonly, you might want to test whether a component renders correctly for given props. Consider a simple component that renders a message based on a prop: <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// hello.js import React from "react"; export default function Hello(props) { if (props.name) { return <h1>Hello, {props.name}!</h1>; } else { return <span>Hey, stranger</span>; } }</code></pre></div> We can write a test for this component: <div class="gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// hello.test.js import React from "react"; import { render, unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; import { act } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import Hello from "./hello"; let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container); }); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; }); it("renders with or without a name", () => { act(() => { render(<Hello />, container); }); expect(container.textContent).toBe("Hey, stranger"); act(() => { render(<Hello name="Jenny" />, container); }); expect(container.textContent).toBe("Hello, Jenny!"); act(() => { render(<Hello name="Margaret" />, container); }); expect(container.textContent).toBe("Hello, Margaret!"); });</code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id="data-fetching"><a href="#data-fetching" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data Fetching </h3> Instead of calling real APIs in all your tests, you can mock requests with dummy data. Mocking data fetching with “fake” data prevents flaky tests due to an unavailable backend, and makes them run faster. Note: you may still want to run a subset of tests using an <a href="/docs/testing-environments.html#end-to-end-tests-aka-e2e-tests">“end-to-end”</a> framework that tells whether the whole app is working together. <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// user.js import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react"; export default function User(props) { const [user, setUser] = useState(null); async function fetchUserData(id) { const response = await fetch("/" + id); setUser(await response.json()); } useEffect(() => { fetchUserData(props.id); }, [props.id]); if (!user) { return "loading..."; } return ( <details> <summary>{user.name}</summary> <strong>{user.age}</strong> years old <br /> lives in {user.address} </details> ); }</code></pre></div> We can write tests for it: <div class="gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// user.test.js import React from "react"; import { render, unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; import { act } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import User from "./user"; let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container); }); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; }); it("renders user data", async () => { const fakeUser = { name: "Joni Baez", age: "32", address: "123, Charming Avenue" }; jest.spyOn(global, "fetch").mockImplementation(() => Promise.resolve({ json: () => Promise.resolve(fakeUser) }) ); // Use the asynchronous version of act to apply resolved promises await act(async () => { render(<User id="123" />, container); }); expect(container.querySelector("summary").textContent).toBe(fakeUser.name); expect(container.querySelector("strong").textContent).toBe(fakeUser.age); expect(container.textContent).toContain(fakeUser.address); // remove the mock to ensure tests are completely isolated global.fetch.mockRestore();});</code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id="mocking-modules"><a href="#mocking-modules" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Mocking Modules </h3> Some modules might not work well inside a testing environment, or may not be as essential to the test itself. Mocking out these modules with dummy replacements can make it easier to write tests for your own code. Consider a <code class="gatsby-code-text">Contact</code> component that embeds a third-party <code class="gatsby-code-text">GoogleMap</code> component: <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// map.js import React from "react"; import { LoadScript, GoogleMap } from "react-google-maps"; export default function Map(props) { return ( <LoadScript id="script-loader" googleMapsApiKey="YOUR_API_KEY"> <GoogleMap id="example-map" center={props.center} /> </LoadScript> ); } // contact.js import React from "react"; import Map from "./map"; export default function Contact(props) { return ( <div> <address> Contact {props.name} via{" "} <a data-testid="email" href={"mailto:" + props.email}> email </a> or on their <a data-testid="site" href={props.site}> website </a>. </address> <Map center={props.center} /> </div> ); }</code></pre></div> If we don’t want to load this component in our tests, we can mock out the dependency itself to a dummy component, and run our tests: <div class="gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// contact.test.js import React from "react"; import { render, unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; import { act } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import Contact from "./contact"; import MockedMap from "./map"; jest.mock("./map", () => { return function DummyMap(props) { return ( <div data-testid="map"> {props.center.lat}:{props.center.long} </div> ); };}); let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container); }); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; }); it("should render contact information", () => { const center = { lat: 0, long: 0 }; act(() => { render( <Contact name="Joni Baez" email="test@example.com" site="http://test.com" center={center} />, container ); }); expect( container.querySelector("[data-testid='email']").getAttribute("href") ).toEqual("mailto:test@example.com"); expect( container.querySelector('[data-testid="site"]').getAttribute("href") ).toEqual("http://test.com"); expect(container.querySelector('[data-testid="map"]').textContent).toEqual( "0:0" ); });</code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id="events"><a href="#events" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Events </h3> We recommend dispatching real DOM events on DOM elements, and then asserting on the result. Consider a <code class="gatsby-code-text">Toggle</code> component: <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// toggle.js import React, { useState } from "react"; export default function Toggle(props) { const [state, setState] = useState(false); return ( <button onClick={() => { setState(previousState => !previousState); props.onChange(!state); }} data-testid="toggle" > {state === true ? "Turn off" : "Turn on"} </button> ); }</code></pre></div> We could write tests for it: <div class="gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// toggle.test.js import React from "react"; import { render, unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; import { act } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import Toggle from "./toggle"; let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container);}); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; }); it("changes value when clicked", () => { const onChange = jest.fn(); act(() => { render(<Toggle onChange={onChange} />, container); }); // get a hold of the button element, and trigger some clicks on it const button = document.querySelector("[data-testid=toggle]"); expect(button.innerHTML).toBe("Turn on"); act(() => { button.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click", { bubbles: true })); }); expect(onChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); expect(button.innerHTML).toBe("Turn off"); act(() => { for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { button.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click", { bubbles: true })); } }); expect(onChange).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(6); expect(button.innerHTML).toBe("Turn on"); });</code></pre></div> Different DOM events and their properties are described in <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MouseEvent" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">MDN</a>. Note that you need to pass <code class="gatsby-code-text">{ bubbles: true }</code> in each event you create for it to reach the React listener because React automatically delegates events to the root. <blockquote> Note: React Testing Library offers a <a href="https://testing-library.com/docs/dom-testing-library/api-events" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">more concise helper</a> for firing events. </blockquote> <hr> <h3 id="timers"><a href="#timers" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Timers </h3> Your code might use timer-based functions like <code class="gatsby-code-text">setTimeout</code> to schedule more work in the future. In this example, a multiple choice panel waits for a selection and advances, timing out if a selection isn’t made in 5 seconds: <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// card.js import React, { useEffect } from "react"; export default function Card(props) { useEffect(() => { const timeoutID = setTimeout(() => { props.onSelect(null); }, 5000); return () => { clearTimeout(timeoutID); }; }, [props.onSelect]); return [1, 2, 3, 4].map(choice => ( <button key={choice} data-testid={choice} onClick={() => props.onSelect(choice)} > {choice} </button> )); }</code></pre></div> We can write tests for this component by leveraging <a href="https://jestjs.io/docs/en/timer-mocks" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Jest’s timer mocks</a>, and testing the different states it can be in. <div class="gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// card.test.js import React from "react"; import { render, unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; import { act } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import Card from "./card"; let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container); jest.useFakeTimers(); }); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; jest.useRealTimers(); }); it("should select null after timing out", () => { const onSelect = jest.fn(); act(() => { render(<Card onSelect={onSelect} />, container); }); // move ahead in time by 100ms act(() => { jest.advanceTimersByTime(100); }); expect(onSelect).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); // and then move ahead by 5 seconds act(() => { jest.advanceTimersByTime(5000); }); expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null); }); it("should cleanup on being removed", () => { const onSelect = jest.fn(); act(() => { render(<Card onSelect={onSelect} />, container); }); act(() => { jest.advanceTimersByTime(100); }); expect(onSelect).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); // unmount the app act(() => { render(null, container); }); act(() => { jest.advanceTimersByTime(5000); }); expect(onSelect).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); }); it("should accept selections", () => { const onSelect = jest.fn(); act(() => { render(<Card onSelect={onSelect} />, container); }); act(() => { container .querySelector("[data-testid='2']") .dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click", { bubbles: true })); }); expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(2); });</code></pre></div> You can use fake timers only in some tests. Above, we enabled them by calling <code class="gatsby-code-text">jest.useFakeTimers()</code>. The main advantage they provide is that your test doesn’t actually have to wait five seconds to execute, and you also didn’t need to make the component code more convoluted just for testing. <hr> <h3 id="snapshot-testing"><a href="#snapshot-testing" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Snapshot Testing </h3> Frameworks like Jest also let you save “snapshots” of data with <a href="https://jestjs.io/docs/en/snapshot-testing" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><code class="gatsby-code-text">toMatchSnapshot</code> / <code class="gatsby-code-text">toMatchInlineSnapshot</code></a>. With these, we can “save” the rendered component output and ensure that a change to it has to be explicitly committed as a change to the snapshot. In this example, we render a component and format the rendered HTML with the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/pretty" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><code class="gatsby-code-text">pretty</code></a> package, before saving it as an inline snapshot: <div class="gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">// hello.test.js, again import React from "react"; import { render, unmountComponentAtNode } from "react-dom"; import { act } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import pretty from "pretty"; import Hello from "./hello"; let container = null; beforeEach(() => { // setup a DOM element as a render target container = document.createElement("div"); document.body.appendChild(container); }); afterEach(() => { // cleanup on exiting unmountComponentAtNode(container); container.remove(); container = null; }); it("should render a greeting", () => { act(() => { render(<Hello />, container); }); expect( pretty(container.innerHTML) ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(); /* ... gets filled automatically by jest ... */ act(() => { render(<Hello name="Jenny" />, container); }); expect( pretty(container.innerHTML) ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(); /* ... gets filled automatically by jest ... */ act(() => { render(<Hello name="Margaret" />, container); }); expect( pretty(container.innerHTML) ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(); /* ... gets filled automatically by jest ... */ });</code></pre></div> It’s typically better to make more specific assertions than to use snapshots. These kinds of tests include implementation details so they break easily, and teams can get desensitized to snapshot breakages. Selectively <a href="#mocking-modules">mocking some child components</a> can help reduce the size of snapshots and keep them readable for the code review. <hr> <h3 id="multiple-renderers"><a href="#multiple-renderers" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Multiple Renderers </h3> In rare cases, you may be running a test on a component that uses multiple renderers. For example, you may be running snapshot tests on a component with <code class="gatsby-code-text">react-test-renderer</code>, that internally uses <code class="gatsby-code-text">render</code> from <code class="gatsby-code-text">react-dom</code> inside a child component to render some content. In this scenario, you can wrap updates with <code class="gatsby-code-text">act()</code>s corresponding to their renderers. <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="jsx"><pre class="gatsby-code-jsx"><code class="gatsby-code-jsx">import { act as domAct } from "react-dom/test-utils"; import { act as testAct, create } from "react-test-renderer"; // ... let root; domAct(() => { testAct(() => { root = create(<App />); }); }); expect(root).toMatchSnapshot();</code></pre></div> <hr> <h3 id="something-missing"><a href="#something-missing" aria-hidden class="anchor"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Something Missing? </h3> If some common scenario is not covered, please let us know on the <a href="https://github.com/reactjs/reactjs.org/issues" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">issue tracker</a> for the documentation website.</div><div class="css-1m173d1">Is this page useful?<button aria-label="Yes" class="css-1k9fay3"><svg focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 81.13 89.76" class="css-15scox9"><path d="M22.9 6a18.57 18.57 0 002.67 8.4 25.72 25.72 0 008.65 7.66c3.86 2 8.67 7.13 13.51 11 3.86 3.11 8.57 7.11 11.54 8.45s13.59.26 14.64 1.17c1.88 1.63 1.55 9-.11 15.25-1.61 5.86-5.96 10.55-6.48 16.86-.4 4.83-2.7 4.88-10.93 4.88h-1.35c-3.82 0-8.24 2.93-12.92 3.62a68 68 0 01-9.73.5c-3.57 0-7.86-.08-13.25-.08-3.56 0-4.71-1.83-4.71-4.48h8.42a3.51 3.51 0 000-7H12.28a2.89 2.89 0 01-2.88-2.88 1.91 1.91 0 01.77-1.78h16.46a3.51 3.51 0 000-7H12.29c-3.21 0-4.84-1.83-4.84-4a6.41 6.41 0 011.17-3.78h19.06a3.5 3.5 0 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