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0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="product-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="product-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"all_features","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"all_features_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features"> All features </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"documentation","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"documentation_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://docs.github.com"> Documentation <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" 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octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"blog","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"blog_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.blog"> Blog <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-company-size-heading">By company size</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-company-size-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprises","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise"> Enterprises </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"small_and_medium_teams","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/team"> Small and medium teams </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"startups","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups"> Startups </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"nonprofits","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/nonprofits"> Nonprofits </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-use-case-heading">By use case</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-use-case-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devsecops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devsecops"> DevSecOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ci_cd","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd"> CI/CD </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_use_cases","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case"> View all use cases </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"healthcare","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare"> Healthcare </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"financial_services","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services"> Financial services </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"manufacturing","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing"> Manufacturing </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"government","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/government"> Government </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 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d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ai","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/ai"> AI </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"security_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/security"> Security </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"software_development","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"software_development_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/software-development"> Software Development </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"view_all_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles"> View all </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"learning_pathways","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways"> Learning Pathways <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"events_amp_webinars","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"events_amp_webinars_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com"> Events & Webinars <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers"> Ebooks & Whitepapers </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"customer_stories","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"customer_stories_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/customer-stories"> Customer Stories </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"partners","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"partners_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://partner.github.com"> Partners <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" 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href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2">Search syntax tips</a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div 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method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="uBc1EpkrN/Uxcve1mWRrLe0Y4Reg5RoeFoIP4dJ3LW0yqTHd9m31uC6UhOCBhqUVaMdfhGWFQA+2TlltbiGHMw==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="custom-scopes-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="custom-scopes-dialog-title" aria-describedby="custom-scopes-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header Overlay-header--divided"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> Saved searches </h1> <h2 id="custom-scopes-dialog-description" class="Overlay-description">Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly</h2> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> 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dir=\"auto\"\u003ejCasbin\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-jcasbin\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: jCasbin\" href=\"#jcasbin\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://codebeat.co/projects/github-com-casbin-jcasbin-master\" 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data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/discord/1022748306096537660?logo=discord\u0026amp;label=discord\u0026amp;color=5865F2\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003csup\u003eSponsored by\u003c/sup\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship\u0026amp;utm_medium=paid_sponsorship\u0026amp;utm_campaign=casbin\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\n \u003cthemed-picture data-catalyst-inline=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpicture\u003e\n \u003csource media=\"(prefers-color-scheme: dark)\" srcset=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/9c77e900fbd64d5a50b03c615fdff731814877bf1a4aa9ea384b5c95ccd2bcd9/68747470733a2f2f63646e2e63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f7374797463682d77686974652e706e67\" data-canonical-src=\"https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-white.png\"\u003e\n \u003csource media=\"(prefers-color-scheme: light)\" srcset=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/382bb81e1d8708e72c446441c04002386572866221a5fd27f36ec18a23a24fe3/68747470733a2f2f63646e2e63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f7374797463682d63686172636f616c2e706e67\" data-canonical-src=\"https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-charcoal.png\"\u003e\n \u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/382bb81e1d8708e72c446441c04002386572866221a5fd27f36ec18a23a24fe3/68747470733a2f2f63646e2e63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f7374797463682d63686172636f616c2e706e67\" width=\"275\" data-canonical-src=\"https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-charcoal.png\"\u003e\n \u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/themed-picture\u003e\n \u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship\u0026amp;utm_medium=paid_sponsorship\u0026amp;utm_campaign=casbin\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eBuild auth with fraud prevention, faster.\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Try Stytch for API-first authentication, user \u0026amp; org management, multi-tenant SSO, MFA, device fingerprinting, and more.\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e💖 \u003ca href=\"https://casdoor.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLooking for an open-source identity and access management solution like Okta, Auth0, Keycloak ? Learn more about: Casdoor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://casdoor.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/3787410/147868267-6ac74908-5654-4f9c-ac79-8852af9ff925.png\" alt=\"casdoor\" style=\"width: 50%; height: 50%; max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNews\u003c/strong\u003e: still worry about how to write the correct jCasbin policy? \u003ccode\u003eCasbin online editor\u003c/code\u003e is coming to help! Try it at: \u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/editor/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/editor/\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/casbin-logo.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/casbin/jcasbin/raw/master/casbin-logo.png\" alt=\"casbin Logo\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ejCasbin is a powerful and efficient open-source access control library for Java projects. It provides support for enforcing authorization based on various \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security_model\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eaccess control models\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll the languages supported by Casbin:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-all-the-languages-supported-by-casbin\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: All the languages supported by Casbin:\" href=\"#all-the-languages-supported-by-casbin\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/casbin\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/db9f1856b764731cc49d4e01eaec200e37f3fa4de4cbb5ce28757bd7307defea/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f676f6c616e672e706e67\" alt=\"golang\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/golang.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3b683ecc4d9aa4a2de1fceae037b28c43cbccd37ccc39e3eefde060e5855eb68/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f6a6176612e706e67\" alt=\"java\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/java.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/node-casbin\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/735eb63cb22a7bcec54bf387e3d77dac56b630829b573bc6c9729d5337121e72/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f6e6f64656a732e706e67\" alt=\"nodejs\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/nodejs.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/php-casbin/php-casbin\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1b8ff9c41640c061a9c98e882020307a67baa7c1e3aaaadf6cc3be291d84a745/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f7068702e706e67\" alt=\"php\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/php.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/casbin\"\u003eCasbin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin\"\u003ejCasbin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/node-casbin\"\u003enode-Casbin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/php-casbin/php-casbin\"\u003ePHP-Casbin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/pycasbin\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8282d0ca478d83f315dc51254941c42c0ff25479c518bb5e68baa3c44f65dc5a/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f707974686f6e2e706e67\" alt=\"python\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/python.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin-net/Casbin.NET\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ebfb961689f3bb82387cffe929e30114b858f32e34c1aaf2edc3f861cca6d8a4/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f646f746e65742e706e67\" alt=\"dotnet\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/dotnet.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/casbin-cpp\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/90cd1914daf13b557f5365c34521e3e209c2df05a5e5bf6427f18d2ab78d3b42/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f6370702e706e67\" alt=\"c++\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/cpp.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/casbin-rs\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/fdf0d5a40ab63c730c2997599728ea68060153024a60cb17935d31de0a7f4f98/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f727573742e706e67\" alt=\"rust\" data-canonical-src=\"https://casbin.org/img/langs/rust.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/pycasbin\"\u003ePyCasbin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin-net/Casbin.NET\"\u003eCasbin.NET\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/casbin-cpp\"\u003eCasbin-CPP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/casbin-rs\"\u003eCasbin-RS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebeta-test\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproduction-ready\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of contents\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table-of-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table of contents\" href=\"#table-of-contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#supported-models\"\u003eSupported models\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#how-it-works\"\u003eHow it works?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#features\"\u003eFeatures\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#installation\"\u003eInstallation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#documentation\"\u003eDocumentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#online-editor\"\u003eOnline editor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#tutorials\"\u003eTutorials\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#get-started\"\u003eGet started\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#policy-management\"\u003ePolicy management\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#policy-persistence\"\u003ePolicy persistence\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#role-manager\"\u003eRole manager\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#examples\"\u003eExamples\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#middlewares\"\u003eMiddlewares\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#our-adopters\"\u003eOur adopters\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#spring-boot-support\"\u003eSpring Boot support\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupported models\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-supported-models\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Supported models\" href=\"#supported-models\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control_list\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACL (Access Control List)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACL with \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esuperuser\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACL without users\u003c/strong\u003e: especially useful for systems that don't have authentication or user log-ins.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACL without resources\u003c/strong\u003e: some scenarios may target for a type of resources instead of an individual resource by using permissions like \u003ccode\u003ewrite-article\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eread-log\u003c/code\u003e. It doesn't control the access to a specific article or log.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-based_access_control\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRBAC (Role-Based Access Control)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRBAC with resource roles\u003c/strong\u003e: both users and resources can have roles (or groups) at the same time.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRBAC with domains/tenants\u003c/strong\u003e: users can have different role sets for different domains/tenants.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute-Based_Access_Control\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e: syntax sugar like \u003ccode\u003eresource.Owner\u003c/code\u003e can be used to get the attribute for a resource.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRESTful\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e: supports paths like \u003ccode\u003e/res/*\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e/res/:id\u003c/code\u003e and HTTP methods like \u003ccode\u003eGET\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ePOST\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ePUT\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eDELETE\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeny-override\u003c/strong\u003e: both allow and deny authorizations are supported, deny overrides the allow.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePriority\u003c/strong\u003e: the policy rules can be prioritized like firewall rules.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHow it works?\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-how-it-works\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: How it works?\" href=\"#how-it-works\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn jCasbin, an access control model is abstracted into a CONF file based on the \u003cstrong\u003ePERM metamodel (Policy, Effect, Request, Matchers)\u003c/strong\u003e. So switching or upgrading the authorization mechanism for a project is just as simple as modifying a configuration. You can customize your own access control model by combining the available models. For example, you can get RBAC roles and ABAC attributes together inside one model and share one set of policy rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe most basic and simplest model in jCasbin is ACL. ACL's model CONF is:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-ini notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# Request definition\n[request_definition]\nr = sub, obj, act\n\n# Policy definition\n[policy_definition]\np = sub, obj, act\n\n# Policy effect\n[policy_effect]\ne = some(where (p.eft == allow))\n\n# Matchers\n[matchers]\nm = r.sub == p.sub \u0026amp;\u0026amp; r.obj == p.obj \u0026amp;\u0026amp; r.act == p.act\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Request definition\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e[request_definition]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003er\u003c/span\u003e = sub, obj, act\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Policy definition\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e[policy_definition]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e = sub, obj, act\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Policy effect\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e[policy_effect]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e = some(where (\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ep.eft\u003c/span\u003e == allow))\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Matchers\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e[matchers]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003em\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003er.sub\u003c/span\u003e == p.sub \u0026amp;\u0026amp; \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003er.obj\u003c/span\u003e == p.obj \u0026amp;\u0026amp; \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003er.act\u003c/span\u003e == p.act\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn example policy for ACL model is like:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"p, alice, data1, read\np, bob, data2, write\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ep, alice, data1, read\np, bob, data2, write\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt means:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ealice can read data1\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebob can write data2\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFeatures\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-features\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Features\" href=\"#features\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhat jCasbin does:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eenforce the policy in the classic \u003ccode\u003e{subject, object, action}\u003c/code\u003e form or a customized form as you defined, both allow and deny authorizations are supported.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ehandle the storage of the access control model and its policy.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emanage the role-user mappings and role-role mappings (aka role hierarchy in RBAC).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esupport built-in superuser like \u003ccode\u003eroot\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003eadministrator\u003c/code\u003e. A superuser can do anything without explicit permissions.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emultiple built-in operators to support the rule matching. For example, \u003ccode\u003ekeyMatch\u003c/code\u003e can map a resource key \u003ccode\u003e/foo/bar\u003c/code\u003e to the pattern \u003ccode\u003e/foo*\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhat jCasbin does NOT do:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eauthentication (aka verify \u003ccode\u003eusername\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003epassword\u003c/code\u003e when a user logs in)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emanage the list of users or roles. I believe it's more convenient for the project itself to manage these entities. Users usually have their passwords, and jCasbin is not designed as a password container. However, jCasbin stores the user-role mapping for the RBAC scenario.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eInstallation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-installation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Installation\" href=\"#installation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor Maven:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt;\n \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.casbin\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt;\n \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;jcasbin\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt;\n \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.x.y (replace with latest version)\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt;\n\u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt;\n \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.casbin\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt;\n \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;jcasbin\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt;\n \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.x.y (replace with latest version)\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt;\n\u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDocumentation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-documentation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Documentation\" href=\"#documentation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/docs/overview\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/docs/overview\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOnline editor\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-online-editor\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Online editor\" href=\"#online-editor\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can also use the online editor (\u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/editor/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/editor/\u003c/a\u003e) to write your jCasbin model and policy in your web browser. It provides functionality such as \u003ccode\u003esyntax highlighting\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003ecode completion\u003c/code\u003e, just like an IDE for a programming language.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTutorials\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tutorials\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Tutorials\" href=\"#tutorials\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/docs/tutorials\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/docs/tutorials\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGet started\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-get-started\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Get started\" href=\"#get-started\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNew a jCasbin enforcer with a model file and a policy file:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-java notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Enforcer enforcer = new Enforcer(\u0026quot;path/to/model.conf\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;path/to/policy.csv\u0026quot;);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eEnforcer\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eenforcer\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eEnforcer\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"path/to/model.conf\"\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"path/to/policy.csv\"\u003c/span\u003e);\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote: you can also initialize an enforcer with policy in DB instead of file, see \u003ca href=\"#policy-persistence\"\u003ePolicy persistence\u003c/a\u003e section for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdd an enforcement hook into your code right before the access happens:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-java notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"String sub = \u0026quot;alice\u0026quot;; // the user that wants to access a resource.\nString obj = \u0026quot;data1\u0026quot;; // the resource that is going to be accessed.\nString act = \u0026quot;read\u0026quot;; // the operation that the user performs on the resource.\n\nif (enforcer.enforce(sub, obj, act) == true) {\n // permit alice to read data1\n} else {\n // deny the request, show an error\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esub\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"alice\"\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// the user that wants to access a resource.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eobj\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"data1\"\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// the resource that is going to be accessed.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eact\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"read\"\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// the operation that the user performs on the resource.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e (\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eenforcer\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eenforce\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esub\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eobj\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eact\u003c/span\u003e) == \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e) {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// permit alice to read data1\u003c/span\u003e\n} \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// deny the request, show an error\u003c/span\u003e\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBesides the static policy file, jCasbin also provides API for permission management at run-time. For example, You can get all the roles assigned to a user as below:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-java notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Roles roles = enforcer.getRoles(\u0026quot;alice\u0026quot;);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eRoles\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eroles\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eenforcer\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003egetRoles\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"alice\"\u003c/span\u003e);\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"#policy-management\"\u003ePolicy management APIs\u003c/a\u003e for more usage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"4\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlease refer to the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/tree/master/src/test\"\u003esrc/test\u003c/a\u003e package for more usage.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePolicy management\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-policy-management\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Policy management\" href=\"#policy-management\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ejCasbin provides two sets of APIs to manage permissions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/main/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/ManagementEnforcer.java\"\u003eManagement API\u003c/a\u003e: the primitive API that provides full support for jCasbin policy management. See \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/test/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/ManagementAPIUnitTest.java\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e for examples.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/main/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/Enforcer.java\"\u003eRBAC API\u003c/a\u003e: a more friendly API for RBAC. This API is a subset of Management API. The RBAC users could use this API to simplify the code. See \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/test/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/RbacAPIUnitTest.java\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e for examples.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe also provide a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/web-ui\"\u003eweb-based UI\u003c/a\u003e for model management and policy management:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5d362379d0ceb2ad007395596d9eb25f788acee3f32808e600488211ae56c743/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f6d6f64656c5f656469746f722e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5d362379d0ceb2ad007395596d9eb25f788acee3f32808e600488211ae56c743/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f6d6f64656c5f656469746f722e706e67\" alt=\"model editor\" data-canonical-src=\"https://hsluoyz.github.io/casbin/ui_model_editor.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8d1dd6f46293e38d02426e2f74b42ebad7dc7b222d5f4f1ffd008f5e6f272304/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f706f6c6963795f656469746f722e706e67\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8d1dd6f46293e38d02426e2f74b42ebad7dc7b222d5f4f1ffd008f5e6f272304/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f706f6c6963795f656469746f722e706e67\" alt=\"policy editor\" data-canonical-src=\"https://hsluoyz.github.io/casbin/ui_policy_editor.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePolicy persistence\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-policy-persistence\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Policy persistence\" href=\"#policy-persistence\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/docs/adapters\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/docs/adapters\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRole manager\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-role-manager\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Role manager\" href=\"#role-manager\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/docs/role-managers\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/docs/role-managers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Examples\" href=\"#examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eModel\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eModel file\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePolicy file\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eACL\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_model.conf\"\u003ebasic_model.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_policy.csv\"\u003ebasic_policy.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eACL with superuser\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_with_root_model.conf\"\u003ebasic_model_with_root.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_policy.csv\"\u003ebasic_policy.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eACL without users\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_users_model.conf\"\u003ebasic_model_without_users.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_users_policy.csv\"\u003ebasic_policy_without_users.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eACL without resources\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_resources_model.conf\"\u003ebasic_model_without_resources.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_resources_policy.csv\"\u003ebasic_policy_without_resources.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRBAC\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_model.conf\"\u003erbac_model.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_policy.csv\"\u003erbac_policy.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRBAC with resource roles\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_resource_roles_model.conf\"\u003erbac_model_with_resource_roles.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_resource_roles_policy.csv\"\u003erbac_policy_with_resource_roles.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRBAC with domains/tenants\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_domains_model.conf\"\u003erbac_model_with_domains.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_domains_policy.csv\"\u003erbac_policy_with_domains.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eABAC\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/abac_model.conf\"\u003eabac_model.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN/A\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRESTful\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/keymatch_model.conf\"\u003ekeymatch_model.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/keymatch_policy.csv\"\u003ekeymatch_policy.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDeny-override\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_deny_model.conf\"\u003erbac_model_with_deny.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_deny_policy.csv\"\u003erbac_policy_with_deny.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePriority\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/priority_model.conf\"\u003epriority_model.conf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/priority_policy.csv\"\u003epriority_policy.csv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMiddlewares\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-middlewares\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Middlewares\" href=\"#middlewares\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAuthz middlewares for web frameworks: \u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/docs/middlewares\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/docs/middlewares\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOur adopters\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-our-adopters\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Our adopters\" href=\"#our-adopters\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://casbin.org/docs/adopters\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://casbin.org/docs/adopters\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSpring Boot support\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-spring-boot-support\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Spring Boot support\" href=\"#spring-boot-support\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe provide Spring Boot support, you can use \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jcasbin/casbin-spring-boot-starter\"\u003ecasbin-spring-boot-starter\u003c/a\u003e to quickly develop in SpringBoot\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn casbin-spring-boot-starter, we made the following adjustments:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRewrite JDBCAdapter to support a variety of commonly used JDBC databases\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImplement RedisWatcher\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIDEA Editor Configuration Tips\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvide default configuration, automatic assembly\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpringSecurity integration (future)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShiro integration (future)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/jcasbin/casbin-spring-boot-starter\"\u003ehttps://github.com/jcasbin/casbin-spring-boot-starter\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributors\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributors\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributors\" href=\"#contributors\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis project exists thanks to all the people who contribute.\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/graphs/contributors\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6e428b026a05af75f8925309a83b9632f88627920bb6dbd3caf4b96b36ce4c53/68747470733a2f2f6f70656e636f6c6c6563746976652e636f6d2f6a63617362696e2f636f6e7472696275746f72732e7376673f77696474683d38393026627574746f6e3d66616c7365\" data-canonical-src=\"https://opencollective.com/jcasbin/contributors.svg?width=890\u0026amp;button=false\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBackers\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-backers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: 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0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupport this project by becoming a sponsor. 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dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you have any issues or feature requests, please contact us. PR is welcomed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/issues\"\u003ehttps://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/issues\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:hsluoyz@gmail.com\"\u003ehsluoyz@gmail.com\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTencent QQ group: \u003ca href=\"//shang.qq.com/wpa/qunwpa?idkey=8ac8b91fc97ace3d383d0035f7aa06f7d670fd8e8d4837347354a31c18fac885\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e546057381\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"jCasbin","anchor":"jcasbin","htmlText":"jCasbin"},{"level":2,"text":"All the languages supported by Casbin:","anchor":"all-the-languages-supported-by-casbin","htmlText":"All the languages supported by Casbin:"},{"level":2,"text":"Table of contents","anchor":"table-of-contents","htmlText":"Table of contents"},{"level":2,"text":"Supported models","anchor":"supported-models","htmlText":"Supported models"},{"level":2,"text":"How it works?","anchor":"how-it-works","htmlText":"How it works?"},{"level":2,"text":"Features","anchor":"features","htmlText":"Features"},{"level":2,"text":"Installation","anchor":"installation","htmlText":"Installation"},{"level":2,"text":"Documentation","anchor":"documentation","htmlText":"Documentation"},{"level":2,"text":"Online editor","anchor":"online-editor","htmlText":"Online editor"},{"level":2,"text":"Tutorials","anchor":"tutorials","htmlText":"Tutorials"},{"level":2,"text":"Get started","anchor":"get-started","htmlText":"Get started"},{"level":2,"text":"Policy management","anchor":"policy-management","htmlText":"Policy management"},{"level":2,"text":"Policy persistence","anchor":"policy-persistence","htmlText":"Policy persistence"},{"level":2,"text":"Role manager","anchor":"role-manager","htmlText":"Role 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style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></span><span data-component="text" class="prc-Button-Label-pTQ3x">Code</span><span data-component="trailingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX prc-Button-VisualWrap-Db-eB"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-triangle-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m4.427 7.427 3.396 3.396a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l3.396-3.396A.25.25 0 0 0 11.396 7H4.604a.25.25 0 0 0-.177.427Z"></path></svg></span></span></button><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 izFOf"><button 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ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading" id="folders-and-files">Folders and files</h2><table aria-labelledby="folders-and-files" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fdROMU"><thead class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jGKpsv"><tr class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jdgHnn"><th colSpan="2" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 bQivRW"><span class="text-bold">Name</span></th><th colSpan="1" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 ldkMIO"><span class="text-bold">Name</span></th><th class="hide-sm"><div title="Last commit message" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 liVpTx width-fit"><span class="text-bold">Last commit message</span></div></th><th colSpan="1" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 jMbWeI"><div title="Last commit date" class="Truncate__StyledTruncate-sc-23o1d2-0 liVpTx width-fit"><span class="text-bold">Last commit date</span></div></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 gpqjiB"><td colSpan="3" class="bgColor-muted p-1 rounded-top-2"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 dzCJzi"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">Latest commit</h2><div style="width:120px" class="Skeleton Skeleton--text" data-testid="loading"> </div><div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 gap-2"><div data-testid="latest-commit-details" class="d-none d-sm-flex flex-items-center"></div><div class="d-flex gap-2"><h2 class="sr-only ScreenReaderHeading-module__userSelectNone--vW4Cq prc-Heading-Heading-6CmGO" data-testid="screen-reader-heading">History</h2><a href="/casbin/jcasbin/commits/master/" class="prc-Button-ButtonBase-c50BI d-none d-lg-flex LinkButton-module__code-view-link-button--xvCGA flex-items-center fgColor-default" data-loading="false" data-size="small" data-variant="invisible" aria-describedby=":Raqj8pab:-loading-announcement"><span data-component="buttonContent" data-align="center" class="prc-Button-ButtonContent-HKbr-"><span data-component="leadingVisual" class="prc-Button-Visual-2epfX 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4Z"></path></svg></span></span></a></span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="react-directory-row undefined" id="folder-row-0"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title=".github" aria-label=".github, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/casbin/jcasbin/tree/master/.github">.github</a></div></div></div></div></td><td 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0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Zm0 5h8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-8.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5ZM2 14a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">jCasbin</h1><a id="user-content-jcasbin" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: jCasbin" href="#jcasbin"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://codebeat.co/projects/github-com-casbin-jcasbin-master" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/72e6fa75ce8ceaf1bd2d1864b61ad317a4734d23ccea36eb2315730d8895dfd4/68747470733a2f2f636f6465626561742e636f2f6261646765732f63313763396565312d646134322d346462332d383034372d393537346164326232336231" alt="codebeat badge" data-canonical-src="https://codebeat.co/badges/c17c9ee1-da42-4db3-8047-9574ad2b23b1" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/actions"><img src="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/workflows/build/badge.svg" alt="GitHub Actions" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://codecov.io/gh/casbin/jcasbin" rel="nofollow"><img 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src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/785a6fe714962be5bde3cf403375be72e9de140cf67c66d08e6f84bd23921075/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f646973636f72642f313032323734383330363039363533373636303f6c6f676f3d646973636f7264266c6162656c3d646973636f726426636f6c6f723d353836354632" alt="Discord" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/discord/1022748306096537660?logo=discord&label=discord&color=5865F2" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <sup>Sponsored by</sup> <br> <a href="https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_campaign=casbin" rel="nofollow"> <themed-picture data-catalyst-inline="true"><picture> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/9c77e900fbd64d5a50b03c615fdff731814877bf1a4aa9ea384b5c95ccd2bcd9/68747470733a2f2f63646e2e63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f7374797463682d77686974652e706e67" data-canonical-src="https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-white.png"> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/382bb81e1d8708e72c446441c04002386572866221a5fd27f36ec18a23a24fe3/68747470733a2f2f63646e2e63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f7374797463682d63686172636f616c2e706e67" data-canonical-src="https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-charcoal.png"> <img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/382bb81e1d8708e72c446441c04002386572866221a5fd27f36ec18a23a24fe3/68747470733a2f2f63646e2e63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f7374797463682d63686172636f616c2e706e67" width="275" data-canonical-src="https://cdn.casbin.org/img/stytch-charcoal.png"> </picture></themed-picture> </a><br> <a href="https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_campaign=casbin" rel="nofollow"><b>Build auth with fraud prevention, faster.</b><br> Try Stytch for API-first authentication, user & org management, multi-tenant SSO, MFA, device fingerprinting, and more.</a> <br> </p> <p dir="auto">💖 <a href="https://casdoor.org/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Looking for an open-source identity and access management solution like Okta, Auth0, Keycloak ? Learn more about: Casdoor</strong></a></p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://casdoor.org/" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/3787410/147868267-6ac74908-5654-4f9c-ac79-8852af9ff925.png" alt="casdoor" style="width: 50%; height: 50%; max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto"><strong>News</strong>: still worry about how to write the correct jCasbin policy? <code>Casbin online editor</code> is coming to help! Try it at: <a href="https://casbin.org/editor/" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/editor/</a></p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/casbin-logo.png"><img src="/casbin/jcasbin/raw/master/casbin-logo.png" alt="casbin Logo" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">jCasbin is a powerful and efficient open-source access control library for Java projects. It provides support for enforcing authorization based on various <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security_model" rel="nofollow">access control models</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">All the languages supported by Casbin:</h2><a id="user-content-all-the-languages-supported-by-casbin" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: All the languages supported by Casbin:" href="#all-the-languages-supported-by-casbin"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin/casbin"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/db9f1856b764731cc49d4e01eaec200e37f3fa4de4cbb5ce28757bd7307defea/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f676f6c616e672e706e67" alt="golang" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/golang.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3b683ecc4d9aa4a2de1fceae037b28c43cbccd37ccc39e3eefde060e5855eb68/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f6a6176612e706e67" alt="java" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/java.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin/node-casbin"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/735eb63cb22a7bcec54bf387e3d77dac56b630829b573bc6c9729d5337121e72/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f6e6f64656a732e706e67" alt="nodejs" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/nodejs.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> <th><a href="https://github.com/php-casbin/php-casbin"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1b8ff9c41640c061a9c98e882020307a67baa7c1e3aaaadf6cc3be291d84a745/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f7068702e706e67" alt="php" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/php.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/casbin">Casbin</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin">jCasbin</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/node-casbin">node-Casbin</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/php-casbin/php-casbin">PHP-Casbin</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>production-ready</td> <td>production-ready</td> <td>production-ready</td> <td>production-ready</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin/pycasbin"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8282d0ca478d83f315dc51254941c42c0ff25479c518bb5e68baa3c44f65dc5a/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f707974686f6e2e706e67" alt="python" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/python.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin-net/Casbin.NET"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ebfb961689f3bb82387cffe929e30114b858f32e34c1aaf2edc3f861cca6d8a4/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f646f746e65742e706e67" alt="dotnet" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/dotnet.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin/casbin-cpp"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/90cd1914daf13b557f5365c34521e3e209c2df05a5e5bf6427f18d2ab78d3b42/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f6370702e706e67" alt="c++" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/cpp.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> <th><a href="https://github.com/casbin/casbin-rs"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/fdf0d5a40ab63c730c2997599728ea68060153024a60cb17935d31de0a7f4f98/68747470733a2f2f63617362696e2e6f72672f696d672f6c616e67732f727573742e706e67" alt="rust" data-canonical-src="https://casbin.org/img/langs/rust.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/pycasbin">PyCasbin</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin-net/Casbin.NET">Casbin.NET</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/casbin-cpp">Casbin-CPP</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/casbin-rs">Casbin-RS</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>production-ready</td> <td>production-ready</td> <td>beta-test</td> <td>production-ready</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Table of contents</h2><a id="user-content-table-of-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table of contents" href="#table-of-contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#supported-models">Supported models</a></li> <li><a href="#how-it-works">How it works?</a></li> <li><a href="#features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li> <li><a href="#documentation">Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="#online-editor">Online editor</a></li> <li><a href="#tutorials">Tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="#get-started">Get started</a></li> <li><a href="#policy-management">Policy management</a></li> <li><a href="#policy-persistence">Policy persistence</a></li> <li><a href="#role-manager">Role manager</a></li> <li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> <li><a href="#middlewares">Middlewares</a></li> <li><a href="#our-adopters">Our adopters</a></li> <li><a href="#spring-boot-support">Spring Boot support</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Supported models</h2><a id="user-content-supported-models" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Supported models" href="#supported-models"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control_list" rel="nofollow"><strong>ACL (Access Control List)</strong></a></li> <li><strong>ACL with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser" rel="nofollow">superuser</a></strong></li> <li><strong>ACL without users</strong>: especially useful for systems that don't have authentication or user log-ins.</li> <li><strong>ACL without resources</strong>: some scenarios may target for a type of resources instead of an individual resource by using permissions like <code>write-article</code>, <code>read-log</code>. It doesn't control the access to a specific article or log.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-based_access_control" rel="nofollow">RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)</a></strong></li> <li><strong>RBAC with resource roles</strong>: both users and resources can have roles (or groups) at the same time.</li> <li><strong>RBAC with domains/tenants</strong>: users can have different role sets for different domains/tenants.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute-Based_Access_Control" rel="nofollow">ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control)</a></strong>: syntax sugar like <code>resource.Owner</code> can be used to get the attribute for a resource.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer" rel="nofollow">RESTful</a></strong>: supports paths like <code>/res/*</code>, <code>/res/:id</code> and HTTP methods like <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, <code>PUT</code>, <code>DELETE</code>.</li> <li><strong>Deny-override</strong>: both allow and deny authorizations are supported, deny overrides the allow.</li> <li><strong>Priority</strong>: the policy rules can be prioritized like firewall rules.</li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">How it works?</h2><a id="user-content-how-it-works" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: How it works?" href="#how-it-works"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In jCasbin, an access control model is abstracted into a CONF file based on the <strong>PERM metamodel (Policy, Effect, Request, Matchers)</strong>. So switching or upgrading the authorization mechanism for a project is just as simple as modifying a configuration. You can customize your own access control model by combining the available models. For example, you can get RBAC roles and ABAC attributes together inside one model and share one set of policy rules.</p> <p dir="auto">The most basic and simplest model in jCasbin is ACL. ACL's model CONF is:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-ini notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# Request definition [request_definition] r = sub, obj, act # Policy definition [policy_definition] p = sub, obj, act # Policy effect [policy_effect] e = some(where (p.eft == allow)) # Matchers [matchers] m = r.sub == p.sub && r.obj == p.obj && r.act == p.act"><pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Request definition</span> <span class="pl-en">[request_definition]</span> <span class="pl-k">r</span> = sub, obj, act <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Policy definition</span> <span class="pl-en">[policy_definition]</span> <span class="pl-k">p</span> = sub, obj, act <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Policy effect</span> <span class="pl-en">[policy_effect]</span> <span class="pl-k">e</span> = some(where (<span class="pl-k">p.eft</span> == allow)) <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Matchers</span> <span class="pl-en">[matchers]</span> <span class="pl-k">m</span> = <span class="pl-k">r.sub</span> == p.sub && <span class="pl-k">r.obj</span> == p.obj && <span class="pl-k">r.act</span> == p.act</pre></div> <p dir="auto">An example policy for ACL model is like:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="p, alice, data1, read p, bob, data2, write"><pre class="notranslate"><code>p, alice, data1, read p, bob, data2, write </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">It means:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>alice can read data1</li> <li>bob can write data2</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Features</h2><a id="user-content-features" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Features" href="#features"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">What jCasbin does:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>enforce the policy in the classic <code>{subject, object, action}</code> form or a customized form as you defined, both allow and deny authorizations are supported.</li> <li>handle the storage of the access control model and its policy.</li> <li>manage the role-user mappings and role-role mappings (aka role hierarchy in RBAC).</li> <li>support built-in superuser like <code>root</code> or <code>administrator</code>. A superuser can do anything without explicit permissions.</li> <li>multiple built-in operators to support the rule matching. For example, <code>keyMatch</code> can map a resource key <code>/foo/bar</code> to the pattern <code>/foo*</code>.</li> </ol> <p dir="auto">What jCasbin does NOT do:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>authentication (aka verify <code>username</code> and <code>password</code> when a user logs in)</li> <li>manage the list of users or roles. I believe it's more convenient for the project itself to manage these entities. Users usually have their passwords, and jCasbin is not designed as a password container. However, jCasbin stores the user-role mapping for the RBAC scenario.</li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Installation</h2><a id="user-content-installation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Installation" href="#installation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For Maven:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="<dependency> <groupId>org.casbin</groupId> <artifactId>jcasbin</artifactId> <version>1.x.y (replace with latest version)</version> </dependency>"><pre class="notranslate"><code><dependency> <groupId>org.casbin</groupId> <artifactId>jcasbin</artifactId> <version>1.x.y (replace with latest version)</version> </dependency> </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Documentation</h2><a id="user-content-documentation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Documentation" href="#documentation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://casbin.org/docs/overview" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/docs/overview</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Online editor</h2><a id="user-content-online-editor" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Online editor" href="#online-editor"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">You can also use the online editor (<a href="https://casbin.org/editor/" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/editor/</a>) to write your jCasbin model and policy in your web browser. It provides functionality such as <code>syntax highlighting</code> and <code>code completion</code>, just like an IDE for a programming language.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Tutorials</h2><a id="user-content-tutorials" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Tutorials" href="#tutorials"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://casbin.org/docs/tutorials" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/docs/tutorials</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Get started</h2><a id="user-content-get-started" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Get started" href="#get-started"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">New a jCasbin enforcer with a model file and a policy file:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-java notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Enforcer enforcer = new Enforcer("path/to/model.conf", "path/to/policy.csv");"><pre><span class="pl-smi">Enforcer</span> <span class="pl-s1">enforcer</span> = <span class="pl-k">new</span> <span class="pl-smi">Enforcer</span>(<span class="pl-s">"path/to/model.conf"</span>, <span class="pl-s">"path/to/policy.csv"</span>);</pre></div> </li> </ol> <p dir="auto">Note: you can also initialize an enforcer with policy in DB instead of file, see <a href="#policy-persistence">Policy persistence</a> section for details.</p> <ol start="2" dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto">Add an enforcement hook into your code right before the access happens:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-java notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="String sub = "alice"; // the user that wants to access a resource. String obj = "data1"; // the resource that is going to be accessed. String act = "read"; // the operation that the user performs on the resource. if (enforcer.enforce(sub, obj, act) == true) { // permit alice to read data1 } else { // deny the request, show an error }"><pre><span class="pl-smi">String</span> <span class="pl-s1">sub</span> = <span class="pl-s">"alice"</span>; <span class="pl-c">// the user that wants to access a resource.</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span> <span class="pl-s1">obj</span> = <span class="pl-s">"data1"</span>; <span class="pl-c">// the resource that is going to be accessed.</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span> <span class="pl-s1">act</span> = <span class="pl-s">"read"</span>; <span class="pl-c">// the operation that the user performs on the resource.</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> (<span class="pl-s1">enforcer</span>.<span class="pl-en">enforce</span>(<span class="pl-s1">sub</span>, <span class="pl-s1">obj</span>, <span class="pl-s1">act</span>) == <span class="pl-c1">true</span>) { <span class="pl-c">// permit alice to read data1</span> } <span class="pl-k">else</span> { <span class="pl-c">// deny the request, show an error</span> }</pre></div> </li> <li> <p dir="auto">Besides the static policy file, jCasbin also provides API for permission management at run-time. For example, You can get all the roles assigned to a user as below:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-java notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Roles roles = enforcer.getRoles("alice");"><pre><span class="pl-smi">Roles</span> <span class="pl-s1">roles</span> = <span class="pl-s1">enforcer</span>.<span class="pl-en">getRoles</span>(<span class="pl-s">"alice"</span>);</pre></div> </li> </ol> <p dir="auto">See <a href="#policy-management">Policy management APIs</a> for more usage.</p> <ol start="4" dir="auto"> <li>Please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/tree/master/src/test">src/test</a> package for more usage.</li> </ol> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Policy management</h2><a id="user-content-policy-management" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Policy management" href="#policy-management"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">jCasbin provides two sets of APIs to manage permissions:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/main/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/ManagementEnforcer.java">Management API</a>: the primitive API that provides full support for jCasbin policy management. See <a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/test/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/ManagementAPIUnitTest.java">here</a> for examples.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/main/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/Enforcer.java">RBAC API</a>: a more friendly API for RBAC. This API is a subset of Management API. The RBAC users could use this API to simplify the code. See <a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/src/test/java/org/casbin/jcasbin/main/RbacAPIUnitTest.java">here</a> for examples.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">We also provide a <a href="https://github.com/casbin/web-ui">web-based UI</a> for model management and policy management:</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5d362379d0ceb2ad007395596d9eb25f788acee3f32808e600488211ae56c743/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f6d6f64656c5f656469746f722e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5d362379d0ceb2ad007395596d9eb25f788acee3f32808e600488211ae56c743/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f6d6f64656c5f656469746f722e706e67" alt="model editor" data-canonical-src="https://hsluoyz.github.io/casbin/ui_model_editor.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8d1dd6f46293e38d02426e2f74b42ebad7dc7b222d5f4f1ffd008f5e6f272304/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f706f6c6963795f656469746f722e706e67"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8d1dd6f46293e38d02426e2f74b42ebad7dc7b222d5f4f1ffd008f5e6f272304/68747470733a2f2f68736c756f797a2e6769746875622e696f2f63617362696e2f75695f706f6c6963795f656469746f722e706e67" alt="policy editor" data-canonical-src="https://hsluoyz.github.io/casbin/ui_policy_editor.png" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Policy persistence</h2><a id="user-content-policy-persistence" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Policy persistence" href="#policy-persistence"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://casbin.org/docs/adapters" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/docs/adapters</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Role manager</h2><a id="user-content-role-manager" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Role manager" href="#role-manager"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://casbin.org/docs/role-managers" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/docs/role-managers</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Examples</h2><a id="user-content-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Examples" href="#examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Model file</th> <th>Policy file</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>ACL</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_model.conf">basic_model.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_policy.csv">basic_policy.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACL with superuser</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_with_root_model.conf">basic_model_with_root.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_policy.csv">basic_policy.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACL without users</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_users_model.conf">basic_model_without_users.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_users_policy.csv">basic_policy_without_users.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ACL without resources</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_resources_model.conf">basic_model_without_resources.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/basic_without_resources_policy.csv">basic_policy_without_resources.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>RBAC</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_model.conf">rbac_model.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_policy.csv">rbac_policy.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>RBAC with resource roles</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_resource_roles_model.conf">rbac_model_with_resource_roles.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_resource_roles_policy.csv">rbac_policy_with_resource_roles.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>RBAC with domains/tenants</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_domains_model.conf">rbac_model_with_domains.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_domains_policy.csv">rbac_policy_with_domains.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ABAC</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/abac_model.conf">abac_model.conf</a></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RESTful</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/keymatch_model.conf">keymatch_model.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/keymatch_policy.csv">keymatch_policy.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Deny-override</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_deny_model.conf">rbac_model_with_deny.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/rbac_with_deny_policy.csv">rbac_policy_with_deny.csv</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Priority</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/priority_model.conf">priority_model.conf</a></td> <td><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/examples/priority_policy.csv">priority_policy.csv</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Middlewares</h2><a id="user-content-middlewares" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Middlewares" href="#middlewares"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Authz middlewares for web frameworks: <a href="https://casbin.org/docs/middlewares" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/docs/middlewares</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Our adopters</h2><a id="user-content-our-adopters" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Our adopters" href="#our-adopters"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://casbin.org/docs/adopters" rel="nofollow">https://casbin.org/docs/adopters</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Spring Boot support</h2><a id="user-content-spring-boot-support" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Spring Boot support" href="#spring-boot-support"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We provide Spring Boot support, you can use <a href="https://github.com/jcasbin/casbin-spring-boot-starter">casbin-spring-boot-starter</a> to quickly develop in SpringBoot</p> <p dir="auto">In casbin-spring-boot-starter, we made the following adjustments:</p> <ol dir="auto"> <li>Rewrite JDBCAdapter to support a variety of commonly used JDBC databases</li> <li>Implement RedisWatcher</li> <li>IDEA Editor Configuration Tips</li> <li>Provide default configuration, automatic assembly</li> <li>SpringSecurity integration (future)</li> <li>Shiro integration (future)</li> </ol> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/jcasbin/casbin-spring-boot-starter">https://github.com/jcasbin/casbin-spring-boot-starter</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contributors</h2><a id="user-content-contributors" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contributors" href="#contributors"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute. <a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6e428b026a05af75f8925309a83b9632f88627920bb6dbd3caf4b96b36ce4c53/68747470733a2f2f6f70656e636f6c6c6563746976652e636f6d2f6a63617362696e2f636f6e7472696275746f72732e7376673f77696474683d38393026627574746f6e3d66616c7365" data-canonical-src="https://opencollective.com/jcasbin/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Backers</h2><a id="user-content-backers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Backers" href="#backers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Thank you to all our backers! 🙏 [<a href="https://opencollective.com/casbin#backer" rel="nofollow">Become a backer</a>]</p> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://opencollective.com/casbin#backers" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ab3033d1b71397def54dd0e29f81608fd90246c52fde7a42440ac0f84af63ec5/68747470733a2f2f6f70656e636f6c6c6563746976652e636f6d2f63617362696e2f6261636b6572732e7376673f77696474683d383930" data-canonical-src="https://opencollective.com/casbin/backers.svg?width=890" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Sponsors</h2><a id="user-content-sponsors" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Sponsors" href="#sponsors"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Support this project by becoming a sponsor. 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width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This project is licensed under the <a href="/casbin/jcasbin/blob/master/LICENSE">Apache 2.0 license</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contact</h2><a id="user-content-contact" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contact" href="#contact"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you have any issues or feature requests, please contact us. PR is welcomed.</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/issues">https://github.com/casbin/jcasbin/issues</a></li> <li><a href="mailto:hsluoyz@gmail.com">hsluoyz@gmail.com</a></li> <li>Tencent QQ group: <a href="//shang.qq.com/wpa/qunwpa?idkey=8ac8b91fc97ace3d383d0035f7aa06f7d670fd8e8d4837347354a31c18fac885" rel="nofollow">546057381</a></li> </ul> </article></div></div></div></div></div>   <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="VRKrIhDQrPdiydWPg6VeeIRPVq7e/+Tmo/cpM9N1gcJHBhWtRmcdpWcQAkPabOf4R46J4Wy+UR376tCtZHpbfw==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> An authorization library that supports access control models like ACL, RBAC, ABAC in Java </p> <div class="my-3 d-flex flex-items-center"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link flex-shrink-0 mr-2"> <path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path> </svg> <span class="flex-auto min-width-0 css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit"> <a title="https://casbin.org" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="text-bold" href="https://casbin.org">casbin.org</a> </span> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Topics</h3> <div class="my-3"> <div class="f6"> <a href="/topics/java" title="Topic: java" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> java </a> <a href="/topics/acl" title="Topic: acl" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> acl </a> <a href="/topics/auth" title="Topic: auth" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> auth </a> <a href="/topics/authorization" title="Topic: authorization" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> authorization </a> <a href="/topics/permission" title="Topic: permission" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> permission </a> <a href="/topics/rbac" title="Topic: rbac" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> rbac </a> <a href="/topics/access-control" title="Topic: access-control" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> access-control </a> <a href="/topics/abac" title="Topic: abac" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> abac </a> <a href="/topics/xacml" title="Topic: xacml" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> xacml </a> <a href="/topics/authz" title="Topic: authz" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> authz </a> <a href="/topics/casbin" title="Topic: casbin" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> casbin </a> </div> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Resources</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:readme"}" href="#readme-ov-file"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book mr-2"> <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path> </svg> Readme </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">License</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="#Apache-2.0-1-ov-file" class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:license"}" > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-law mr-2"> <path d="M8.75.75V2h.985c.304 0 .603.08.867.231l1.29.736c.038.022.08.033.124.033h2.234a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.427l2.111 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.006.005-.01.01-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C14.556 10.78 13.88 11 13 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L12.178 4.5h-.162c-.305 0-.604-.079-.868-.231l-1.29-.736a.245.245 0 0 0-.124-.033H8.75V13h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.5V3.5h-.984a.245.245 0 0 0-.124.033l-1.289.737c-.265.15-.564.23-.869.23h-.162l2.112 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.016.015-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C4.556 10.78 3.88 11 3 11a4.498 4.498 0 0 1-2.023-.454 3.544 3.544 0 0 1-.686-.45l-.045-.04-.016-.015-.006-.006-.004-.004v-.001a.75.75 0 0 1-.154-.838L2.178 4.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.234a.249.249 0 0 0 .125-.033l1.288-.737c.265-.15.564-.23.869-.23h.984V.75a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Zm2.945 8.477c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L13 6.327Zm-10 0c.285.135.718.273 1.305.273s1.02-.138 1.305-.273L3 6.327Z"></path> </svg> Apache-2.0 license </a> </div> <include-fragment src="/casbin/jcasbin/hovercards/citation/sidebar_partial?tree_name=master"> </include-fragment> 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0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM3.5 6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h7a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-7a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm.75 2.25h4a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span></a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/casbin/jcasbin/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>2.5k</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/casbin/jcasbin/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>73</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/casbin/jcasbin/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>471</strong> forks</a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcasbin%2Fjcasbin&report=casbin+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> 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0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">v1.81.0</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2025-03-04T01:10:11Z" class="no-wrap">Mar 4, 2025</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/casbin/jcasbin/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 136 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3">Sponsor this project</h2> <include-fragment 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5.682A20.58 20.58 0 0 0 8 13.393a20.58 20.58 0 0 0 3.135-2.211C12.92 9.644 14.5 7.65 14.5 5.5c0-1.836-1.414-3-2.75-3-1.373 0-2.609.986-3.029 2.456a.749.749 0 0 1-1.442 0C6.859 3.486 5.623 2.5 4.25 2.5Z"></path> </svg> Sponsor </button></include-fragment> <div class="text-small mt-3"> <a href="/sponsors">Learn more about GitHub Sponsors</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/orgs/casbin/packages?repo_name=jcasbin" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Packages <span title="0" hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">0</span></a></h2> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted" > No packages published <br> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" hidden> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <include-fragment src="/casbin/jcasbin/used_by_list" accept="text/fragment+html"> </include-fragment> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div 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