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frequencies</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: resonant frequencies"> <meta name="keywords" content="resonant frequencies"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="resonant frequencies"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 990</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: resonant frequencies</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">960</span> Influence of the 3D Printing Parameters on the Dynamic Characteristics of Composite Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Raza">Ali Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%C5%ABta%20Rima%C5%A1auskien%C4%97"> Rūta Rimašauskienė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current work, the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique is used to manufacture PLA reinforced with carbon fibre composite structures with two unique layer patterns, 0°\0° and 0°\90°. The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of each fabricated composite structure. The Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) is embedded with 0°/0° and 0°/90° structures to investigate the effect of an MFC (M8507-P2 type) patch on vibration amplitude suppression under dynamic loading circumstances. First, modal analysis testing was performed using a Polytec 3D laser vibrometer to identify bending mode shapes, natural frequencies, and vibration amplitudes at the corresponding natural frequencies. To determine the stiffness of each structure, several loads were applied at the free end of the structure, and the deformation was recorded using a laser displacement sensor. The findings confirm that a structure with 0°\0° layers pattern was found to have more stiffness compared to a 0°\90° structure. The maximum amplitude suppression in each structure was measured using a laser displacement sensor at the first resonant frequency when the control voltage signal with optimal phase was applied to the MFC. The results confirm that the 0°/0° pattern's structure exhibits a higher displacement reduction than the 0°/90° pattern. Moreover, stiffer structures have been found to perform amplitude suppression more effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fibre%20composite" title="carbon fibre composite">carbon fibre composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MFC" title=" MFC"> MFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis%20stiffness" title=" modal analysis stiffness"> modal analysis stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181553/influence-of-the-3d-printing-parameters-on-the-dynamic-characteristics-of-composite-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">959</span> Characteristics of Photoluminescence in Resonant Quasiperiodic Double-period Quantum Wells </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Chang">C. H. Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Z.%20Qiu"> R. Z. Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Tsao"> C. W. Tsao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20H.%20Cheng"> Y. H. Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Chen"> C. H. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20Hsueh"> W. J. Hsueh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characteristics of photoluminescence (PL) in a resonant quasi-periodic double-period quantum wells (DPQW) are demonstrated. The maximum PL intensity in the DPQW is remarkably greater than that in a traditional periodic QW (PQW) under the Bragg or anti-Bragg conditions. The optimal PL spectrum in the DPQW has an asymmetrical form instead of the symmetrical form in the PQW. Moreover, there are two large values of PL intensity in the DPQW, which also differs from the PQW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Photoluminescence" title="Photoluminescence">Photoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20wells" title=" quantum wells"> quantum wells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasiperiodic%20structure" title=" quasiperiodic structure"> quasiperiodic structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21210/characteristics-of-photoluminescence-in-resonant-quasiperiodic-double-period-quantum-wells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">958</span> Series Connected GaN Resonant Tunneling Diodes for Multiple-Valued Logic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu">Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JunShuai%20Xue"> JunShuai Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JiaJia%20Yao"> JiaJia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XueYan%20Yang"> XueYan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZuMao%20Li"> ZuMao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GuanLin%20Wu"> GuanLin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HePeng%20Zhang"> HePeng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZhiPeng%20Sun"> ZhiPeng Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> III-Nitride resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is one of the most promising candidates for multiple-valued logic (MVL) elements. Here, we report a monolithic integration of GaN resonant tunneling diodes to realize multiple negative differential resistance (NDR) regions for MVL application. GaN RTDs, composed of a 2 nm quantum well embedded in two 1 nm quantum barriers, are grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on free-standing c-plane GaN substrates. Negative differential resistance characteristic with a peak current density of 178 kA/cm² in conjunction with a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 2.07 is observed. Statistical properties exhibit high consistency showing a peak current density standard deviation of almost 1%, laying the foundation for the monolithic integration. After complete electrical isolation, two diodes of the designed same area are connected in series. By solving the Poisson equation and Schrodinger equation in one dimension, the energy band structure is calculated to explain the transport mechanism of the differential negative resistance phenomenon. Resonant tunneling events in a sequence of the series-connected RTD pair (SCRTD) form multiple NDR regions with nearly equal peak current, obtaining three stable operating states corresponding to ternary logic. A frequency multiplier circuit achieved using this integration is demonstrated, attesting to the robustness of this multiple peaks feature. This article presents a monolithic integration of SCRTD with multiple NDR regions driven by the resonant tunneling mechanism, which can be applied to a multiple-valued logic field, promising a fast operation speed and a great reduction of circuit complexity and demonstrating a new solution for nitride devices to break through the limitations of binary logic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20resonant%20tunneling%20diode" title="GaN resonant tunneling diode">GaN resonant tunneling diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-valued%20logic%20system" title=" multiple-valued logic system"> multiple-valued logic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20multiplier" title=" frequency multiplier"> frequency multiplier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20differential%20resistance" title=" negative differential resistance"> negative differential resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak-to-valley%20current%20ratio" title=" peak-to-valley current ratio"> peak-to-valley current ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163097/series-connected-gan-resonant-tunneling-diodes-for-multiple-valued-logic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">957</span> Monolithic Integrated GaN Resonant Tunneling Diode Pair with Picosecond Switching Time for High-speed Multiple-valued Logic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu">Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JiaJia%20Yao"> JiaJia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GuanLin%20Wu"> GuanLin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZuMaoLi"> ZuMaoLi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XueYan%20Yang"> XueYan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HePeng%20Zhang"> HePeng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZhiPeng%20Sun"> ZhiPeng Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JunShuai%20Xue"> JunShuai Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The explosive increasing needs of data processing and information storage strongly drive the advancement of the binary logic system to multiple-valued logic system. Inherent negative differential resistance characteristic, ultra-high-speed switching time, and robust anti-irradiation capability make III-nitride resonant tunneling diode one of the most promising candidates for multi-valued logic devices. Here we report the monolithic integration of GaN resonant tunneling diodes in series to realize multiple negative differential resistance regions, obtaining at least three stable operating states. A multiply-by-three circuit is achieved by this combination, increasing the frequency of the input triangular wave from f0 to 3f0. The resonant tunneling diodes are grown by plasma-assistedmolecular beam epitaxy on free-standing c-plane GaN substrates, comprising double barriers and a single quantum well both at the atomic level. Device with a peak current density of 183kA/cm² in conjunction with a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 2.07 is observed, which is the best result reported in nitride-based resonant tunneling diodes. Microwave oscillation event at room temperature was discovered with a fundamental frequency of 0.31GHz and an output power of 5.37μW, verifying the high repeatability and robustness of our device. The switching behavior measurement was successfully carried out, featuring rise and fall times in the order of picoseconds, which can be used in high-speed digital circuits. Limited by the measuring equipment and the layer structure, the switching time can be further improved. In general, this article presents a novel nitride device with multiple negative differential regions driven by the resonant tunneling mechanism, which can be used in high-speed multiple value logic field with reduced circuit complexity, demonstrating a new solution of nitride devices to break through the limitations of binary logic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20resonant%20tunneling%20diode" title="GaN resonant tunneling diode">GaN resonant tunneling diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20differential%20resistance" title=" negative differential resistance"> negative differential resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-valued%20logic%20system" title=" multiple-valued logic system"> multiple-valued logic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20time" title=" switching time"> switching time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak-to-valley%20current%20ratio" title=" peak-to-valley current ratio"> peak-to-valley current ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157992/monolithic-integrated-gan-resonant-tunneling-diode-pair-with-picosecond-switching-time-for-high-speed-multiple-valued-logic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">956</span> Reconfigurable Multiband Meandered Line Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Rama%20Krishna">D. Rama Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Pandu%20Rangaiah"> Y. Pandu Rangaiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design of multiband reconfigurable antenna using PIN diodes for four iterations and all the four iterations have been validated by measuring return loss and pattern measurements of developed prototype antenna. The simulated and experimental data have demonstrated the concepts of a multiband reconfigurable antenna by switching OFF and ON of PIN diodes for multiple band frequencies. The technique has taken the advantage of a different number of radiating lengths with the use of PIN diode switches, each configuration resonating at multiband frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20reconfigurable" title="frequency reconfigurable">frequency reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meandered%20line%20multiband%20antenna" title=" meandered line multiband antenna"> meandered line multiband antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIN%20diode" title=" PIN diode"> PIN diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiband%20frequencies" title=" multiband frequencies"> multiband frequencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10408/reconfigurable-multiband-meandered-line-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">955</span> Modeling and Computational Validation of Dispersion Curves of Guide Waves in a Pipe Using ANSYS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Perdomo">A. Perdomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Bacca"> J. R. Bacca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20E.%20Jabid"> Q. E. Jabid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, technological and investigative progress has been achieved in the area of monitoring of equipment and installation as a result of a deeper understanding of physical phenomenon associated with the non-destructive tests (NDT). The modal analysis proposes an efficient solution to determine the dispersion curves of an arbitrary waveguide cross-sectional. Dispersion curves are essential in the discontinuity localization based on guided waves. In this work, an isotropic hollow cylinder is dynamically analyzed in ANSYS to obtain resonant frequencies and mode shapes all of them associated with the dispersion curves. The numerical results provide the relation between frequency and wavelength which is the foundation of the dispersion curves. Results of the simulation process are validated with the software GUIGW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ansys%20APDL" title="ansys APDL">ansys APDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20curves" title=" dispersion curves"> dispersion curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guide%20waves" title=" guide waves"> guide waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis" title=" modal analysis"> modal analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108272/modeling-and-computational-validation-of-dispersion-curves-of-guide-waves-in-a-pipe-using-ansys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">954</span> Analyzing Habits of Brushing Teeth in Yuzawa Town, Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeo%20Shibata">Takeo Shibata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arihito%20Endo"> Arihito Endo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akemi%20Kunimatsu"> Akemi Kunimatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chika%20Hiraga"> Chika Hiraga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoko%20Shimizu"> Yoko Shimizu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Yuzawa Town, located in the Niigata prefecture of Japan, is famous for its hot springs. A health promotion program, Yuzawa family health plan, was initiated in 2002. It has been held for fifteen years. We evaluated the profiles of brushing teeth in adults. Subjects: 368 questionnaires were corrected from people who live in Yuzawa town. The range of age was between nineteen and sixty-four years old. Methods: Mann-Whitney’s U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate significant differences in frequencies of brushing teeth per a day. Chi-square test and the adjusted residuals were used to evaluate when they brush their teeth. Results: Women showed greater frequencies of brushing teeth per a day than men. No difference was shown by age. Construction workers showed fewer frequencies of brushing teeth. Specialized technicians, clerical workers, and housewives showed greater frequencies. People who know Yuzawa family health plan, take a regular life, or take a breakfast every day showed greater frequencies. People who think not healthy, don’t care a balance of foods, don’t take yearly health check-up, or smoke showed fewer frequencies. After breakfast, women and specialized technicians showed greater frequencies, and construction workers and self-employed workers showed fewer frequencies. After lunch, clerical workers and specialized technicians showed greater frequencies. There was no significant difference at after waking up, after dinner, and before going to bed. Construction workers showed a lower rate of having a marital partner and having information of health. Conclusion: Gender and occupational differences were shown in frequencies of brushing teeth per a day. A promotion of teeth brushing for male, especially construction workers and self-employed workers, is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20promotion" title="health promotion">health promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuzawa%20family%20health%20plan" title=" Yuzawa family health plan"> Yuzawa family health plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushing%20teeth" title=" brushing teeth"> brushing teeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20difference" title=" occupational difference"> occupational difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88090/analyzing-habits-of-brushing-teeth-in-yuzawa-town-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">953</span> Cleaning Performance of High-Frequency, High-Intensity 360 kHz Frequency Operating in Thickness Mode Transducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vetrimurugan">R. Vetrimurugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Lim"> Terry Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Goodson"> M. J. Goodson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nagarajan"> R. Nagarajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the cleaning performance of high intensity 360 kHz frequency on the removal of nano-dimensional and sub-micron particles from various surfaces, uniformity of the cleaning tank and run to run variation of cleaning process. The uniformity of the cleaning tank was measured by two different methods i.e 1. ppbTM meter and 2. Liquid Particle Counting (LPC) technique. In the second method, aluminium metal spacer components was placed at various locations of the cleaning tank (such as centre, top left corner, bottom left corner, top right corner, bottom right corner) and the resultant particles removed by 360 kHz frequency was measured. The result indicates that the energy was distributed more uniformly throughout the entire cleaning vessel even at the corners and edges of the tank when megasonic sweeping technology is applied. The result also shows that rinsing the parts with 360 kHz frequency at final rinse gives lower particle counts, hence higher cleaning efficiency as compared to other frequencies. When megasonic sweeping technology is applied each piezoelectric transducers will operate at their optimum resonant frequency and generates stronger acoustic cavitational force and higher acoustic streaming velocity. These combined forces are helping to enhance the particle removal and at the same time improve the overall cleaning performance. The multiple extractions study was also carried out for various frequencies to measure the cleaning potential and asymptote value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20distribution" title="power distribution">power distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=megasonic%20sweeping" title=" megasonic sweeping"> megasonic sweeping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation%20intensity" title=" cavitation intensity"> cavitation intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20removal" title=" particle removal"> particle removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20particle%20counting" title=" laser particle counting"> laser particle counting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submicron" title=" submicron"> submicron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23901/cleaning-performance-of-high-frequency-high-intensity-360-khz-frequency-operating-in-thickness-mode-transducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">952</span> 2,7-diazaindole as a Potential Photophysical Probe for Excited State Deactivation Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simran%20Baweja">Simran Baweja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhavika%20Kalal"> Bhavika Kalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surajit%20Maity"> Surajit Maity</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photoinduced tautomerization reactions have been the centre of attention among scientific community over past several decades because of their significance in various biological systems. 7-azaindole (7AI) is considered as a model system for DNA base pairing and to understand the role of such tautomerization reactions in mutations. To the best of our knowledge, extensive studies have been carried on 7-azaindole and its solvent clusters exhibiting proton/ hydrogen transfer in both solution as well as gas phase. Derivatives of above molecule, like 2,7- and 2,6-diazaindoles are proposed to have even better photophysical properties due to the presence of -aza group on the 2nd position. However, there are a few studies in the solution phase which suggest the relevance of these molecules, but there are no experimental studies reported in the gas phase yet. In our current investigation, we present the first gas phase spectroscopic data of 2,7-diazaindole (2,7-DAI) and its solvent cluster (2,7-DAI-H2O). In this, we have employed state-of-the-art laser spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence excitation (LIF), dispersed fluorescence (DF), resonant two-photon ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (2C-R2PI), photoionization efficiency spectroscopy (PIE), IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy i.e. fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy (FDIR) and resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy (IDIR) to understand the electronic structure of the molecule. The origin band corresponding to S1 ← S0 transition of the bare 2,7-DAI is found to be positioned at 33910 cm-1 whereas the origin band corresponding to S1 ← S0 transition of the 2,7-DAI-H2O is positioned at 33074 cm-1. The red shifted transition in case of solvent cluster suggests the enhanced feasibility of excited state hydrogen/ proton transfer. The ionization potential for the 2,7-DAI molecule is found to be 8.92 eV, which is significantly higher that the previously reported 7AI (8.11 eV) molecule, making it a comparatively complex molecule to study. The ionization potential is reduced by 0.14 eV in case of 2,7-DAI-H2O (8.78 eV) cluster compared to that of 2,7-DAI. Moreover, on comparison with the available literature values of 7AI, we found the origin band of 2,7-DAI and 2,7-DAI-H2O to be red shifted by -729 and -280 cm-1 respectively. The ground and excited state N-H stretching frequencies of the 27DAI molecule were determined using fluorescence-dip infrared spectra (FDIR) and resonant ion dip infrared spectroscopy (IDIR), obtained at 3523 and 3467 cm-1, respectively. The lower value of vNH in the electronic excited state of 27DAI implies the higher acidity of the group compared to the ground state. Moreover, we have done extensive computational analysis, which suggests that the energy barrier in excited state reduces significantly as we increase the number of catalytic solvent molecules (S= H2O, NH3) as well as the polarity of solvent molecules. We found that the ammonia molecule is a better candidate for hydrogen transfer compared to water because of its higher gas-phase basicity. Further studies are underway to understand the excited state dynamics and photochemistry of such N-rich chromophores. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoinduced%20tautomerization%20reactions" title="photoinduced tautomerization reactions">photoinduced tautomerization reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20phse%20spectroscopy" title=" gas phse spectroscopy"> gas phse spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%29" title=" )"> )</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR-UV%20double%20resonance%20spectroscopy" title=" IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy"> IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20two-photon%20ionization%20time%20of%20flight%20mass%20spectrometry%20%282C-R2PI%29" title=" resonant two-photon ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (2C-R2PI)"> resonant two-photon ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (2C-R2PI)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171887/27-diazaindole-as-a-potential-photophysical-probe-for-excited-state-deactivation-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">951</span> Dynamic Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate from Resonant Column Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Sas">Wojciech Sas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emil%20Sob%C3%B3l"> Emil Soból</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Gabry%C5%9B"> Katarzyna Gabryś</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20G%C5%82uchowski"> Andrzej Głuchowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alojzy%20Szyma%C5%84ski"> Alojzy Szymański</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Depleting of natural resources is forcing the man to look for alternative construction materials. One of them is recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). RCA from the demolition of buildings and crushed to proper gradation can be a very good replacement for natural unbound granular aggregates, gravels or sands. Physical and the mechanical properties of RCA are well known in the field of basic civil engineering applications, but to proper roads and railways design dynamic characteristic is need as well. To know maximum shear modulus (GMAX) and the minimum damping ratio (DMIN) of the RCA dynamic loads in resonant column apparatus need to be performed. The paper will contain literature revive about alternative construction materials and dynamic laboratory research technique. The article will focus on dynamic properties of RCA, but early studies conducted by the authors on physical and mechanical properties of this material also will be presented. The authors will show maximum shear modulus and minimum damping ratio. Shear modulus and damping ratio degradation curves will be shown as well. From exhibited results conclusion will be drawn at the end of the article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20aggregate" title="recycled concrete aggregate">recycled concrete aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title=" damping ratio"> damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20column" title=" resonant column"> resonant column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37157/dynamic-properties-of-recycled-concrete-aggregate-from-resonant-column-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">950</span> Dielectric Thickness Modulation Based Optically Transparent Leaky Wave Antenna Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Ali%20Khan">Waqar Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A leaky-wave antenna design is proposed which is based on the realization of a certain kind of surface impedance profile that allows the existence of a perturbed surface wave (fast wave) that radiates. The antenna is realized by using optically transparent material Plexiglas. Plexiglas behaves as a dielectric at radio frequencies and is transparent at optical frequencies. In order to have a ground plane for the microwave frequencies, metal strips are used parallel to the E field of the operating mode. The microwave wavelength chosen is large enough such that it does not resolve the metal strip ground plane and sees it to be a uniform ground plane. While, at optical frequencies, the metal strips do have some shadowing effect. However still, about 62% of optical power can be transmitted through the antenna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plexiglass" title="Plexiglass">Plexiglass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-wave" title=" surface-wave"> surface-wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optically%20transparent" title=" optically transparent"> optically transparent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20strip" title=" metal strip"> metal strip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143364/dielectric-thickness-modulation-based-optically-transparent-leaky-wave-antenna-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">949</span> Spread Spectrum with Notch Frequency Using Pulse Coding Method for Switching Converter of Communication Equipment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasunori%20Kobori">Yasunori Kobori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Futoshi%20Fukaya"> Futoshi Fukaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takuya%20Arafune"> Takuya Arafune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Tsukiji"> Nobukazu Tsukiji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Takai"> Nobukazu Takai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruo%20Kobayashi"> Haruo Kobayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an EMI spread spectrum technique to enable to set notch frequencies using pulse coding method for DC-DC switching converters of communication equipment. The notches in the spectrum of the switching pulses appear at the frequencies obtained from empirically derived equations with the proposed spread spectrum technique using the pulse coding methods, the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) coding or the PCM (Pulse Cycle Modulation) coding. This technique would be useful for the switching converters in the communication equipment which receives standard radio waves, without being affected by noise from the switching converters. In our proposed technique, the notch frequencies in the spectrum depend on the pulse coding method. We have investigated this technique to apply to the switching converters and found that there is good relationship agreement between the notch frequencies and the empirical equations. The notch frequencies with the PWM coding is equal to the equation F=k/(WL-WS). With the PCM coding, that is equal to the equation F=k/(TL-TS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch%20frequency" title="notch frequency">notch frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20coding" title=" pulse coding"> pulse coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum" title=" spread spectrum"> spread spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20converter" title=" switching converter"> switching converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44582/spread-spectrum-with-notch-frequency-using-pulse-coding-method-for-switching-converter-of-communication-equipment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">948</span> Quantum Engine Proposal using Two-level Atom Like Manipulation and Relativistic Motoring Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montree%20Bunruangses">Montree Bunruangses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonath%20Bhattacharyya"> Sonath Bhattacharyya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somchat%20Sonasang"> Somchat Sonasang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preecha%20Yupapin"> Preecha Yupapin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A two-level system is manipulated by a microstrip add-drop circuit configured as an atom like system for wave-particle behavior investigation when its traveling speed along the circuit perimeter is the speed of light. The entangled pair formed by the upper and lower sideband peaks is bound by the angular displacement, which is given by 0≤θ≤π/2. The control signals associated with 3-peak signal frequencies are applied by the external inputs via the microstrip add-drop multiplexer ports, where they are time functions without the space term involved. When a system satisfies the speed of light conditions, the mass term has been changed to energy based on the relativistic limit described by the Lorentz factor and Einstein equation. The different applied frequencies can be utilized to form the 3-phase torques that can be applied for quantum engines. The experiment will use the two-level system circuit and be conducted in the laboratory. The 3-phase torques will be recorded and investigated for quantum engine driving purpose. The obtained results will be compared to the simulation. The optimum amplification of torque can be obtained by the resonant successive filtering operation. Torque will be vanished when the system is balanced at the stopped position, where |Time|=0, which is required to be a system stability condition. It will be discussed for future applications. A larger device may be tested in the future for realistic use. A synchronous and asynchronous driven motor is also discussed for the warp drive use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20engine" title="quantum engine">quantum engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relativistic%20motor" title=" relativistic motor"> relativistic motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-phase%20torque" title=" 3-phase torque"> 3-phase torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20engine" title=" atomic engine"> atomic engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176101/quantum-engine-proposal-using-two-level-atom-like-manipulation-and-relativistic-motoring-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">947</span> Predicting the Frequencies of Tropical Cyclone-Induced Rainfall Events in the US Using a Machine-Learning Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Sharifineyestani">Elham Sharifineyestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Farshchin"> Mohammad Farshchin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tropical cyclones are one of the most expensive and deadliest natural disasters. They cause heavy rainfall and serious flash flooding that result in billions of dollars of damage and considerable mortality each year in the United States. Prediction of the frequency of tropical cyclone-induced rainfall events can be helpful in emergency planning and flood risk management. In this study, we have developed a machine-learning model to predict the exceedance frequencies of tropical cyclone-induced rainfall events in the United States. Model results show a satisfactory agreement with available observations. To examine the effectiveness of our approach, we also have compared the result of our predictions with the exceedance frequencies predicted using a physics-based rainfall model by Feldmann. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20flooding" title="flash flooding">flash flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20cyclones" title=" tropical cyclones"> tropical cyclones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequencies" title=" frequencies"> frequencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142270/predicting-the-frequencies-of-tropical-cyclone-induced-rainfall-events-in-the-us-using-a-machine-learning-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">946</span> CDM-Based Controller Design for High-Frequency Induction Heating System with LLC Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Helaimi">M. Helaimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Taleb"> R. Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benyoucef"> D. Benyoucef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Belmadani"> B. Belmadani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design of a polynomial controller with coefficient diagram method (CDM). This controller is used to control the output power of high frequency resonant inverter with LLC tank. One of the most important problems associated with the proposed inverter is achieving ZVS operating during the induction heating process. To overcome this problem, asymmetrical voltage cancellation (AVC) control technique is proposed. The phased look loop (PLL) is used to track the natural frequency of the system. The small signal model of the system with the proposed control is obtained using extending describing function method (EDM). The validity of the proposed control is verified by simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title="induction heating">induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVC%20control" title=" AVC control"> AVC control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDM" title=" CDM"> CDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLL" title=" PLL"> PLL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20inverter" title=" resonant inverter "> resonant inverter </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18666/cdm-based-controller-design-for-high-frequency-induction-heating-system-with-llc-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">664</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">945</span> Study of a Fabry-Perot Resonator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Hadjaj">F. Hadjaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belghachi"> A. Belghachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Halmaoui"> A. Halmaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belhadj"> M. Belhadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mazouz"> H. Mazouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A laser is essentially an optical oscillator consisting of a resonant cavity, an amplifying medium and a pumping source. In semiconductor diode lasers, the cavity is created by the boundary between the cleaved face of the semiconductor crystal and air and also has reflective properties as a result of the differing refractive indices of the two media. For a GaAs-air interface a reflectance of 0.3 is typical and therefore the length of the semiconductor junction forms the resonant cavity. To prevent light, being emitted in unwanted directions from the junction and Sides perpendicular to the required direction are roughened. The objective of this work is to simulate the optical resonator Fabry-Perot and explore its main characteristics, such as FSR, Finesse, Linewidth, Transmission and so on that describe the performance of resonator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabry-Perot%20Resonator" title="Fabry-Perot Resonator">Fabry-Perot Resonator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20diod" title=" laser diod"> laser diod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectance" title=" reflectance"> reflectance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor" title=" semiconductor "> semiconductor </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4422/study-of-a-fabry-perot-resonator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">944</span> Future of Nanotechnology in Digital MacDraw</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pejman%20Hosseinioun">Pejman Hosseinioun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolghasem%20Ghasempour"> Abolghasem Ghasempour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Gholami"> Elham Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Sarbazi"> Hamed Sarbazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the development in global semiconductor technology, it is anticipated that gadgets such as diodes and resonant transistor tunnels (RTD/RTT), Single electron transistors (SET) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) will substitute CMOS (Complementary Metallic Oxide Semiconductor) gadgets in many applications. Unfortunately, these new technologies cannot disembark the common Boolean logic efficiently and are only appropriate for liminal logic. Therefor there is no doubt that with the development of these new gadgets it is necessary to find new MacDraw technologies which are compatible with them. Resonant transistor tunnels (RTD/RTT) and circuit MacDraw with enhanced computing abilities are candida for accumulating Nano criterion in the future. Quantum cellular automata (QCA) are also advent Nano technological gadgets for electrical circuits. Advantages of these gadgets such as higher speed, smaller dimensions, and lower consumption loss are of great consideration. QCA are basic gadgets in manufacturing gates, fuses and memories. Regarding the complex Nano criterion physical entity, circuit designers can focus on logical and constructional design to decrease complication in MacDraw. Moreover Single electron technology (SET) is another noteworthy gadget considered in Nano technology. This article is a survey in future of Nano technology in digital MacDraw. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20technology" title="nano technology">nano technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20transistor%20tunnels" title=" resonant transistor tunnels"> resonant transistor tunnels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20cellular%20automata" title=" quantum cellular automata"> quantum cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor" title=" semiconductor"> semiconductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37247/future-of-nanotechnology-in-digital-macdraw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">943</span> Analysis of Seismic Waves Generated by Blasting Operations and their Response on Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ziaran">S. Ziaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Musil"> M. Musil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Cekan"> M. Cekan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Chlebo"> O. Chlebo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper analyzes the response of buildings and industrially structures on seismic waves (low frequency mechanical vibration) generated by blasting operations. The principles of seismic analysis can be applied for different kinds of excitation such as: earthquakes, wind, explosions, random excitation from local transportation, periodic excitation from large rotating and/or machines with reciprocating motion, metal forming processes such as forging, shearing and stamping, chemical reactions, construction and earth moving work, and other strong deterministic and random energy sources caused by human activities. The article deals with the response of seismic, low frequency, mechanical vibrations generated by nearby blasting operations on a residential home. The goal was to determine the fundamental natural frequencies of the measured structure; therefore it is important to determine the resonant frequencies to design a suitable modal damping. The article also analyzes the package of seismic waves generated by blasting (Primary waves – P-waves and Secondary waves S-waves) and investigated the transfer regions. For the detection of seismic waves resulting from an explosion, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and modal analysis, in the frequency domain, is used and the signal was acquired and analyzed also in the time domain. In the conclusions the measured results of seismic waves caused by blasting in a nearby quarry and its effect on a nearby structure (house) is analyzed. The response on the house, including the fundamental natural frequency and possible fatigue damage is also assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20structure" title="building structure">building structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20waves" title=" seismic waves"> seismic waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20analysis" title=" spectral analysis"> spectral analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20response" title=" structural response"> structural response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2072/analysis-of-seismic-waves-generated-by-blasting-operations-and-their-response-on-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">942</span> 2106 kA/cm² Peak Tunneling Current Density in GaN-Based Resonant Tunneling Diode with an Intrinsic Oscillation Frequency of ~260GHz at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu">Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JunShuai%20Xue"> JunShuai Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JiaJia%20Yao"> JiaJia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GuanLin%20Wu"> GuanLin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZuMaoLi"> ZuMaoLi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XueYan%20Yang"> XueYan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HePeng%20Zhang"> HePeng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZhiPeng%20Sun"> ZhiPeng Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terahertz spectra is in great demand since last two decades for many photonic and electronic applications. III-Nitride resonant tunneling diode is one of the promising candidates for portable and compact THz sources. Room temperature microwave oscillator based on GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diode was reported in this work. The devices, grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on free-standing c-plane GaN substrates, exhibit highly repeatable and robust negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics at room temperature. To improve the interface quality at the active region in RTD, indium surfactant assisted growth is adopted to enhance the surface mobility of metal atoms on growing film front. Thanks to the lowered valley current associated with the suppression of threading dislocation scattering on low dislocation GaN substrate, a positive peak current density of record-high 2.1 MA/cm2 in conjunction with a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 1.2 are obtained, which is the best results reported in nitride-based RTDs up to now considering the peak current density and PVCR values simultaneously. When biased within the NDR region, microwave oscillations are measured with a fundamental frequency of 0.31 GHz, yielding an output power of 5.37 µW. Impedance mismatch results in the limited output power and oscillation frequency described above. The actual measured intrinsic capacitance is only 30fF. Using a small-signal equivalent circuit model, the maximum intrinsic frequency of oscillation for these diodes is estimated to be ~260GHz. This work demonstrates a microwave oscillator based on resonant tunneling effect, which can meet the demands of terahertz spectral devices, more importantly providing guidance for the fabrication of the complex nitride terahertz and quantum effect devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20resonant%20tunneling%20diode" title="GaN resonant tunneling diode">GaN resonant tunneling diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20current%20density" title=" peak current density"> peak current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20oscillation" title=" microwave oscillation"> microwave oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20capacitance" title=" intrinsic capacitance"> intrinsic capacitance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148950/2106-kacm2-peak-tunneling-current-density-in-gan-based-resonant-tunneling-diode-with-an-intrinsic-oscillation-frequency-of-260ghz-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">941</span> Empirical Prediction of the Effect of Rain Drops on Dbs System Operating in Ku-Band (Case Study of Abuja)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tonga%20Agadi%20Danladi">Tonga Agadi Danladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajao%20Wasiu%20Bamidele"> Ajao Wasiu Bamidele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terdue%20Dyeko"> Terdue Dyeko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent advancement in microwave communications technologies especially in telecommunications and broadcasting have resulted in congestion on the frequencies below 10GHz. This has forced microwave designers to look for high frequencies. Unfortunately for frequencies greater than 10GHz rain becomes one of the main factors of attenuation in signal strength. At frequencies from 10GHz upwards, rain drop sizes leads to outages that compromises the availability and quality of service this making it a critical factor in satellite link budget design. Rain rate and rain attenuation predictions are vital steps to be considered when designing microwave satellite communication link operating at Ku-band frequencies (112-18GHz). Unreliable rain rates data in the tropical regions of the world like Nigeria from radio communication group of the international Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) makes it difficult for microwave engineers to determine a realistic rain margin that needs to be accommodated in satellite link budget design in such region. This work presents an empirical tool for predicting the amount of signal due to rain on DBS signal operating at the Ku-band. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation" title="attenuation">attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ku-Band" title=" Ku-Band"> Ku-Band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20communication" title=" microwave communication"> microwave communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain%20rates" title=" rain rates"> rain rates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28730/empirical-prediction-of-the-effect-of-rain-drops-on-dbs-system-operating-in-ku-band-case-study-of-abuja" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">940</span> Record Peak Current Density in AlN/GaN Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes on Free-Standing Gan Substrates by Modulating Barrier Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu">Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Jia%20Yao"> Jia Jia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan%20Lin%20Wu"> Guan Lin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Jie%20Liu"> Ren Jie Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuang%20Guo"> Zhuang Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leveraging plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) on c-plane free-standing GaN substrates, this work demonstrates high-performance AlN/GaN double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) featuring stable and repeatable negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics at room temperature. By scaling down the barrier thickness of AlN and the lateral mesa size of collector, a record peak current density of 1551 kA/cm2 is achieved, accompanied by a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 1.24. This can be attributed to the reduced resonant tunneling time under thinner AlN barrier and the suppressed external incoherent valley current by reducing the dislocation number contained in the RTD device with the smaller size of collector. Statistical analysis of the NDR performance of RTD devices with different AlN barrier thicknesses reveals that, as the AlN barrier thickness decreases from 1.5 nm to 1.25 nm, the average peak current density increases from 145.7 kA/cm2 to 1215.1 kA/cm2, while the average PVCR decreases from 1.45 to 1.1, and the peak voltage drops from 6.89 V to 5.49 V. The peak current density obtained in this work represents the highest value reported for nitride-based RTDs to date, while maintaining a high PVCR value simultaneously. This illustrates that an ultra-scaled RTD based on a vertical quantum-well structure and lateral collector size is a valuable approach for the development of nitride-based RTDs with excellent NDR characteristics, revealing their great potential applications in high-frequency oscillation sources and high-speed switch circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20resonant%20tunneling%20diode" title="GaN resonant tunneling diode">GaN resonant tunneling diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20current%20density" title=" peak current density"> peak current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak-to-valley%20current%20ratio" title=" peak-to-valley current ratio"> peak-to-valley current ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20differential%20resistance" title=" negative differential resistance"> negative differential resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184386/record-peak-current-density-in-alngan-double-barrier-resonant-tunneling-diodes-on-free-standing-gan-substrates-by-modulating-barrier-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">939</span> Trunk and Gluteus-Medius Muscles’ Fatigability during Occupational Standing in Clinical Instructors with Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Embaby">Eman A. Embaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20A.%20A.%20Abdallah"> Amira A. A. Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Occupational standing is associated with low back pain (LBP) development. Yet, trunk and gluteus-medius muscles’ fatigability has not been extensively studied during occupational standing. This study examined and correlated the rectus abdominus (RA), erector-spinae (ES), external oblique (EO), and gluteus-medius (GM) muscles’ fatigability on both sides while standing in a confined area for 30 min Methods: Median frequency EMG data were collected from 15 female clinical instructors with chronic LBP (group A) and 15 asymptomatic controls (group B) (mean age 29.53±2.4 vs. 29.07±2.4 years, weight 63.6±7 vs. 60±7.8 kg, and height 162.73±4 vs. 162.8±6 cm respectively) using a spectrum analysis program. Data were collected in the first and last 5min of the standing task. Results: Using Mixed three-way ANOVA, group A showed significantly (p<0.05) lower frequencies for the right and left ES, and right GM in the last 5 min and significantly higher frequencies for the left RA in the first and last 5min than group B. In addition, the left ES and right EO, ES and GM in group B showed significantly higher frequencies and the left ES in group A showed significantly lower frequencies in the last 5min compared with the first. Moreover, the right RA showed significantly higher frequencies than the left in the last 5min in group B. Finally, there were significant (p<0.05) correlations among the median frequencies of the tested four muscles on the same side and between both sides in both groups. Discussion/Conclusions: Clinical instructors with LBP are more liable to have higher trunk and gluteus-medius muscle fatigue than asymptomatic individuals. Thus, endurance training for these muscles should be included in the rehabilitation of such patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title="EMG">EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigability" title=" fatigability"> fatigability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gluteus-medius" title=" gluteus-medius"> gluteus-medius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBP" title=" LBP"> LBP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standing" title=" standing"> standing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trunk" title=" trunk"> trunk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6502/trunk-and-gluteus-medius-muscles-fatigability-during-occupational-standing-in-clinical-instructors-with-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">938</span> Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of a Flexible Structure for Vibration Suppression Using MFC Actuator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsiang%20Shaw">Jinsiang Shaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Chieh%20Tseng"> Shih-Chieh Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active vibration control is good for low frequency excitation, with advantages of light weight and adaptability. This paper use a macro-fiber composite (MFC) actuator for vibration suppression in a cantilevered beam due to its higher output force to suppress the disturbance. A fuzzy sliding mode controller is developed and applied to this system. Experimental results illustrate that the controller and MFC actuator are very effective in attenuating the structural vibration near the first resonant freuqency. Furthermore, this controller is shown to outperform the traditional skyhook controller, with nearly 90% of the vibration suppressed at the first resonant frequency of the structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuzzy%20sliding%20mode%20controller" title="Fuzzy sliding mode controller">Fuzzy sliding mode controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-fiber-composite%20actuator" title=" macro-fiber-composite actuator"> macro-fiber-composite actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skyhook%20controller" title=" skyhook controller"> skyhook controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20suppression" title=" vibration suppression"> vibration suppression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25138/fuzzy-sliding-mode-control-of-a-flexible-structure-for-vibration-suppression-using-mfc-actuator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">937</span> Fano-Resonance-Based Wideband Acoustic Metamaterials with Highly Efficient Ventilation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi-Wen%20Xiao">Xi-Wen Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzy-Rong%20Lin"> Tzy-Rong Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Hao%20Liu"> Chien-Hao Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ventilated acoustic metamaterials have attracted considerable research attention due to their low-frequency absorptions and efficient fluid ventilations. In this research, a wideband acoustic metamaterial with auditory filtering ability and efficient ventilation capacity were proposed. In contrast to a conventional Fano-like resonator, a Fano-like resonator composed of a resonant unit and two nonresonant units with a large opening area of 68% for fluid passages was developed. In addition, the coupling mechanism to improve the narrow bandwidths of conventional Fano-resonance-based meta-materials was included. With a suitable design, the output sound waves of the resonant and nonresonant states were out of phase to achieve sound absorptions in the far fields. Therefore, three-element and five-element coupled Fano-like metamaterials were designed and simulated with the help of the finite element software to obtain the filtering fractional bandwidths of 42.5% and 61.8%, respectively. The proposed approach can be extended to multiple coupled resonators for obtaining ultra-wide bandwidths and can be implemented with 3D printing for practical applications. The research results are expected to be beneficial for sound filtering or noise reductions in duct applications and limited-volume spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fano%20resonance" title="fano resonance">fano resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20reduction" title=" noise reduction"> noise reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20coupling" title=" resonant coupling"> resonant coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20filtering" title=" sound filtering"> sound filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilated%20acoustic%20metamaterial" title=" ventilated acoustic metamaterial"> ventilated acoustic metamaterial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119849/fano-resonance-based-wideband-acoustic-metamaterials-with-highly-efficient-ventilation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">936</span> Analysis and Design of Single Switch Mosfet Dimmer for AC Driven Lamp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.Pandeeswari">S.Pandeeswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Padma"> Raju Padma </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a new solution to implement and control single-stage electronic ballast based on the integration of a buck-boost power factor correction stage and a half bridge resonant inverter is presented. The control signals are obtained using the inverter resonant current by means of a saturable transformer. Core saturation is used to control the required dead time between the control pulses on both switches. The turn-on time of one of the inverter switches is controlled to provide proper cathode preheating during the lamp ignition process. No special integrated circuits are required to control the ballast and the total number of components is minimized. Analysis and basic design of phase cut dimmer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOSFET%20dimmer" title="MOSFET dimmer">MOSFET dimmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIC%2016F877A" title=" PIC 16F877A"> PIC 16F877A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20regulator" title=" voltage regulator"> voltage regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20rectifier" title=" bridge rectifier"> bridge rectifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27910/analysis-and-design-of-single-switch-mosfet-dimmer-for-ac-driven-lamp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">935</span> Characterization of Ultrasonic Nonlinearity in Concrete under Cyclic Change of Prestressing Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyu-Jin%20Kim">Gyu-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo-Gyoung%20Kwak"> Hyo-Gyoung Kwak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, the effect of prestressing force on the nonlinearity of concrete was investigated by an experimental study. For the measurement of ultrasonic nonlinearity, a prestressed concrete beam was prepared and a nonlinear resonant ultrasound method was adopted. When the prestressing force changes, the stress state of the concrete inside the beam is affected, which leads to the occurrence of micro-cracks and changes in mechanical properties. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce nonlinear ultrasonic technology which sensitively reflects microstructural changes. Repetitive prestressing load history, including maximum levels of 45%, 60% and 75%, depending on the compressive strength, is designed to evaluate the impact of loading levels on the nonlinearity. With the experimental results, the possibility of ultrasonic nonlinearity as a trial indicator of stress was evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20crack" title="micro crack">micro crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20ultrasonic%20resonant%20spectroscopy" title=" nonlinear ultrasonic resonant spectroscopy"> nonlinear ultrasonic resonant spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestressed%20concrete%20beam" title=" prestressed concrete beam"> prestressed concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestressing%20force" title=" prestressing force"> prestressing force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20nonlinearity" title=" ultrasonic nonlinearity"> ultrasonic nonlinearity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75772/characterization-of-ultrasonic-nonlinearity-in-concrete-under-cyclic-change-of-prestressing-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">934</span> Dual Band Antenna Design with Compact Radiator for 2.5/5.2/5.8 Ghz Wlan Application Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramnath%20Narhete">Ramnath Narhete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saket%20Pandey"> Saket Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puran%20Gour"> Puran Gour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents of dual-band planner antenna with a compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 proposed by optimizing its resonant frequency, Bandwidth of operation and radiation frequency using the genetic algorithm. The antenna consists L-shaped and E-shaped radiating element to generate two resonant modes for dual band operation. The above techniques have been successfully used in many applications. Dual band antenna with the compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN application design and radiator size only width 8mm and a length is 11.3 mm. The antenna can we used for various application in the field of communication. Genetic algorithm will be used to design the antenna and impedance matching network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-band%20E" title=" dual-band E"> dual-band E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-band%20L" title=" dual-band L"> dual-band L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20radiator" title=" compact radiator"> compact radiator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28512/dual-band-antenna-design-with-compact-radiator-for-255258-ghz-wlan-application-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">933</span> Double Negative Differential Resistance Features in Series AIN/GaN Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes Vertically Integrated by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajia%20Yao">Jiajia Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanlin%20Wu"> Guanlin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Liu"> Fang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junshuai%20Xue"> Junshuai Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Hao"> Yue Hao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports on the epitaxial growth of a GaN-based resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structure with stable and repeatable double negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics at room temperature on a c-plane GaN-on-sapphire template using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technology. In this structure, two independent AlN/GaN RTDs are epitaxially connected in series in the vertical growth direction through a silicon-doped GaN layer. As the collector electrode bias voltage increases, the two RTDs respectively align the ground state energy level in the quantum well with the 2DEG energy level in the emitter accumulation well to achieve quantum resonant tunneling and then reach the negative differential resistance (NDR) region. The two NDR regions exhibit similar peak current densities and peak-to-valley current ratios, which are 230 kA/cm² and 249 kA/cm², 1.33 and 1.38, respectively, for a device with a collector electrode mesa diameter of 1 µm. The consistency of the NDR is much higher than the results of on-chip discrete RTD device interconnection, resulting from the smaller chip area, fewer interconnect parasitic parameters, and less process complexity. The methods and results presented in this paper show the brilliant prospects of GaN RTDs in the development of multi-value logic digital circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBE" title="MBE">MBE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlN%2FGaN" title=" AlN/GaN"> AlN/GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTDs" title=" RTDs"> RTDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20NDR" title=" double NDR"> double NDR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183595/double-negative-differential-resistance-features-in-series-aingan-double-barrier-resonant-tunneling-diodes-vertically-integrated-by-plasma-assisted-molecular-beam-epitaxy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">932</span> Lamb Waves Propagation in Elastic-Viscoelastic Three-Layer Adhesive Joints </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pezhman%20Taghipour%20Birgani">Pezhman Taghipour Birgani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Shekarzadeh"> Mehdi Shekarzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the propagation of lamb waves in three-layer joints is investigated using global matrix method. Theoretical boundary value problem in three-layer adhesive joints with perfect bond and traction free boundary conditions on their outer surfaces is solved to find a combination of frequencies and modes with the lowest attenuation. The characteristic equation is derived by applying continuity and boundary conditions in three-layer joints using global matrix method. Attenuation and phase velocity dispersion curves are obtained with numerical solution of this equation by a computer code for a three-layer joint, including an aluminum repair patch bonded to the aircraft aluminum skin by a layer of viscoelastic epoxy adhesive. To validate the numerical solution results of the characteristic equation, wave structure curves are plotted for a special mode in two different frequencies in the adhesive joint. The purpose of present paper is to find a combination of frequencies and modes with minimum attenuation in high and low frequencies. These frequencies and modes are recognizable by transducers in inspections with Lamb waves because of low attenuation level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-layer%20adhesive%20joints" title="three-layer adhesive joints">three-layer adhesive joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelastic" title=" viscoelastic"> viscoelastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamb%20waves" title=" lamb waves"> lamb waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20matrix%20method" title=" global matrix method"> global matrix method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33259/lamb-waves-propagation-in-elastic-viscoelastic-three-layer-adhesive-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">931</span> Temperature Effect on Changing of Electrical Impedance and Permittivity of Ouargla (Algeria) Dunes Sand at Different Frequencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naamane%20Remita">Naamane Remita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20la%C3%AFd%20Mechri"> Mohammed laïd Mechri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouredine%20Zekri"> Nouredine Zekri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sma%C3%AFl%20Chihi"> Smaïl Chihi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this study is the estimation real and imaginary components of both electrical impedance and permittivity z', z'' and ε', ε'' respectively, in Ouargla dunes sand at different temperatures and different frequencies, with alternating current (AC) equal to 1 volt, using the impedance spectroscopy (IS). This method is simple and non-destructive. the results can frequently be correlated with a number of physical properties, dielectric properties and the impacts of the composition on the electrical conductivity of solids. The experimental results revealed that the real part of impedance is higher at higher temperature in the lower frequency region and gradually decreases with increasing frequency. As for the high frequencies, all the values of the real part of the impedance were positive. But at low frequency the values of the imaginary part were positive at all temperatures except for 1200 degrees which were negative. As for the medium frequencies, the reactance values were negative at temperatures 25, 400, 200 and 600 degrees, and then became positive at the rest of the temperatures. At high frequencies of the order of MHz, the values of the imaginary part of the electrical impedance were in contrast to what we recorded for the middle frequencies. The results showed that the electrical permittivity decreases with increasing frequency, at low frequency we recorded permittivity values of 10+ 11, and at medium frequencies it was 10+ 07, while at high frequencies it was 10+ 02. The values of the real part of the electrical permittivity were taken large values at the temperatures of 200 and 600 degrees Celsius and at the lowest frequency, while the smallest value for the permittivity was recorded at the temperature of 400 degrees Celsius at the highest frequency. The results showed that there are large values of the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity at the lowest frequency and then it starts decreasing as the latter increases (the higher the frequency the lower the values of the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity). The character of electrical impedance variation indicated an opportunity to realize the polarization of Ouargla dunes sand and acquaintance if this compound consumes or produces energy. It’s also possible to know the satisfactory of equivalent electric circuit, whether it’s miles induction or capacitance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20impedance" title="electrical impedance">electrical impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20permittivity" title=" electrical permittivity"> electrical permittivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" impedance spectroscopy"> impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dunes%20sand%20ouargla" title=" dunes sand ouargla"> dunes sand ouargla</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185851/temperature-effect-on-changing-of-electrical-impedance-and-permittivity-of-ouargla-algeria-dunes-sand-at-different-frequencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20frequencies&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20frequencies&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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