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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 FINAL//EN"> <html> <head> <title> Guyana</title> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://a.advameg.com/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '22']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <noscript><p><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" src="https://a.advameg.com/matomo.php?idsite=22&rec=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> </head> <body> <h1>GUYANA - A Country Study</h1> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <p><a href="/">Country Listing</a></p> <p><strong>Please note: The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. <br>Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book.</strong> <ul> <li><a name="gy0000" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5355.html">Guyana</a> <li><a name="gy0001" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5356.html">Foreword</a> <li><a name="gy0002" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5357.html">Acknowledgments</a> <li><a name="gy0003" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5358.html">Preface</a> <li><a name="gy0004" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5359.html">Introduction</a> <li><a name="gy0005" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5360.html">Guyana: COUNTRY PROFILE</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0005" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5360.html">Country</a> <li><a name="gy0006" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5361.html">GEOGRAPHY</a> <li><a name="gy0007" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5362.html">SOCIETY</a> <li><a name="gy0008" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5363.html">ECONOMY</a> <li><a name="gy0009" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5364.html">TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS</a> <li><a name="gy0010" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5365.html">GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS</a> <li><a name="gy0011" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5366.html">NATIONAL SECURITY</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0012" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5367.html">Chapter 1. Guyana: Historical Setting</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0013" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5368.html">THE EARLY YEARS</a> <li><a name="gy0014" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5369.html">THE COMING OF THE EUROPEANS</a> <li><a name="gy0015" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5370.html">TRANSITION TO BRITISH RULE</a> <li><a name="gy0016" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5371.html">THE EARLY BRITISH COLONY AND THE LABOR PROBLEM</a> <li><a name="gy0017" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5372.html">ORIGINS OF THE BORDER DISPUTE WITH VENEZUELA</a> <li><a name="gy0018" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5373.html">POLITICAL AND SOCIAL AWAKENINGS</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0018" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5373.html">Nineteenth-Century British Guiana</a> <li><a name="gy0019" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5374.html">Political and Social Changes in the 1900s</a> <li><a name="gy0020" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5375.html">The Development of Political Parties</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0021" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5376.html">PREINDEPENDENCE GOVERNMENT, 1953-66</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0021" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5376.html">The PPP'S First Government, 1953</a> <li><a name="gy0022" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5377.html">The Interim Government, 1953-57</a> <li><a name="gy0023" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5378.html">The Second PPP Government, 1957-61, and Racial Politics</a> <li><a name="gy0024" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5379.html">PPP Reelection and Debacle</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0025" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5380.html">INDEPENDENCE AND THE BURNHAM ERA</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0025" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5380.html">Burnham in Power</a> <li><a name="gy0026" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5381.html">The Cooperative Republic</a> <li><a name="gy0027" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5382.html">From Burnham to Hoyte</a> </ul></ul> <li><a name="gy0028" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5383.html">Chapter 2. Guyana: The Society and Its Environment</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0029" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5384.html">GEOGRAPHY</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0029" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5384.html">Terrain</a> <li><a name="gy0030" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5385.html">Hydrology</a> <li><a name="gy0031" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5386.html">Climate</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0032" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5387.html">POPULATION</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0032" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5387.html">Demographic Profile</a> <li><a name="gy0033" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5388.html">Ethnic Composition</a> <li><a name="gy0034" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5389.html">Population Distribution and Settlement Patterns </a> <li><a name="gy0035" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5390.html">Urban Population</a> <li><a name="gy0036" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5391.html">Emigration</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0037" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5392.html">ETHNIC GROUPS</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0038" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5393.html">Afro-Guyanese</a> <li><a name="gy0039" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5394.html">Indo-Guyanese</a> <li><a name="gy0040" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5395.html">Portuguese and Chinese</a> <li><a name="gy0041" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5396.html">Amerindians</a> <li><a name="gy0042" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5397.html">Development of Ethnic Identity</a> <li><a name="gy0043" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5398.html">Ideologies of Race and Class</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0044" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5399.html">FAMILY AND KINSHIP STRUCTURE</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0044" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5399.html">Afro-Guyanese Patterns</a> <li><a name="gy0045" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5400.html">Indo-Guyanese Patterns</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0046" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5401.html">RELIGION</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0047" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5402.html">Christianity</a> <li><a name="gy0048" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5403.html">Hinduism</a> <li><a name="gy0049" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5404.html">Islam</a> <li><a name="gy0050" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5405.html">Obeah and Amerindian Practices</a> <li><a name="gy0051" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5406.html">Cults</a> <li><a name="gy0052" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5407.html">Religion and Politics</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0053" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5408.html">EDUCATION</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0054" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5409.html">Education Policy and the Teaching Profession</a> <li><a name="gy0055" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5410.html">Primary Schools</a> <li><a name="gy0056" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5411.html">Secondary Schools</a> <li><a name="gy0057" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5412.html">Institutions of Higher Education</a> <li><a name="gy0058" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5413.html">Attitudes toward Education</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0059" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5414.html">HEALTH AND WELFARE</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0059" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5414.html">Food and Diet</a> <li><a name="gy0060" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5415.html">Health</a> <li><a name="gy0061" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5416.html">Health and Welfare Services</a> </ul></ul> <li><a name="gy0062" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5417.html">Chapter 3. Guyana: The Economy</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0063" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5418.html">GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0063" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5418.html">History</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0064" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5419.html">Preindependence</a> <li><a name="gy0065" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5420.html">Postindependence</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0066" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5421.html">Structure</a> <li><a name="gy0067" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5422.html">Parallel Economy</a> <li><a name="gy0068" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5423.html">Infrastructure</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0069" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5424.html">GOVERNMENT POLICY</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0070" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5425.html">The Economic Recovery Program</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0070" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5425.html">Restoring Economic Growth</a> <li><a name="gy0071" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5426.html">Absorbing the Parallel Market</a> <li><a name="gy0072" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5427.html">Eliminating Payments Imbalances</a> <li><a name="gy0073" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5428.html">Normalizing International Financial Relations</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0074" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5429.html">Results of the Economic Recovery Program</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0075" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5430.html">LABOR</a> <li><a name="gy0076" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5431.html">AGRICULTURE</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0077" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5432.html">Sugar</a> <li><a name="gy0078" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5433.html">Rice</a> <li><a name="gy0079" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5434.html">Forestry</a> <li><a name="gy0080" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5435.html">Fisheries</a> <li><a name="gy0081" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5436.html">Livestock</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0081" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5436.html">MINING</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0082" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5437.html">Aluminum</a> <li><a name="gy0083" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5438.html">Gold and Diamonds</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0084" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5439.html">INDUSTRY</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0084" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5439.html">Energy Supply</a> <li><a name="gy0085" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5440.html">Manufacturing</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0086" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5441.html">SERVICES</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0086" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5441.html">Banking</a> <li><a name="gy0087" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5442.html">Transportation</a> <li><a name="gy0088" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5443.html">Communications</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0089" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5444.html">EXTERNAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0089" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5444.html">Foreign Trade</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0090" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5445.html">Exports</a> <li><a name="gy0091" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5446.html">Imports</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0092" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5447.html">Foreign Debt</a> <li><a name="gy0093" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5448.html">Balance of Payments</a> <li><a name="gy0094" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5449.html">Foreign Investment</a> <li><a name="gy0095" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5450.html">Foreign Aid</a> <li><a name="gy0096" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5451.html">Regional Integration</a> </ul></ul> <li><a name="gy0097" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5452.html">Chapter 4. Guyana: Government and Politics</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0098" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5453.html">CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0098" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5453.html">Preindependence Constitutions</a> <li><a name="gy0099" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5454.html">Independence Constitution</a> <li><a name="gy0100" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5455.html">Constitution of 1980</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0101" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5456.html">GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0101" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5456.html">Executive</a> <li><a name="gy0102" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5457.html">Legislature</a> <li><a name="gy0103" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5458.html">Judiciary</a> <li><a name="gy0104" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5459.html">Other National Institutions</a> <li><a name="gy0105" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5460.html">Local Government</a> <li><a name="gy0106" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5461.html">Civil Service</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0106" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5461.html">POLITICAL DYNAMICS</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0107" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5462.html">Electoral Process</a> <li><a name="gy0108" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5463.html">Political Parties</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0108" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5463.html">People's National Congress</a> <li><a name="gy0109" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5464.html">People's Progressive Party</a> <li><a name="gy0110" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5465.html">Other Political Groups</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0111" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5466.html">Interest Groups</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0111" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5466.html">Trade Unions</a> <li><a name="gy0112" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5467.html">Media</a> <li><a name="gy0113" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5468.html">Religious Organizations</a> <li><a name="gy0114" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5469.html">Other Groups</a> </ul></ul> <li><a name="gy0115" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5470.html">FOREIGN RELATIONS</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0116" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5471.html">Relations with the United States</a> <li><a name="gy0117" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5472.html">Relations with Venezuela</a> <li><a name="gy0118" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5473.html">Relations with Brazil</a> <li><a name="gy0119" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5474.html">Relations with Suriname</a> <li><a name="gy0120" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5475.html">Relations with Britain</a> <li><a name="gy0120" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5475.html">Relations with the Commonwealth Caribbean</a> <li><a name="gy0121" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5476.html">Relations with Communist Countries</a> </ul></ul> <li><a name="gy0122" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5477.html">Chapter 5. Guyana: National Security</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0123" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5478.html">THE ARMED FORCES</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0124" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5479.html">Mission, Organization, and Capabilities</a> <li><a name="gy0125" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5480.html">Involvement in Political Affairs</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0126" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5481.html">THE SECURITY FORCES</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0126" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5481.html">Mission and Organization</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0127" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5482.html">Paramilitary Forces and Special Units</a> <li><a name="gy0128" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5483.html">Police</a> <li><a name="gy0128" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5483.html">Informal Paramilitary Groups</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0129" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5484.html">Human Rights Violations</a> </ul> <li><a name="gy0130" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5485.html">THE COURTS AND THE PENAL SYSTEM</a> <li><a name="gy0131" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5486.html">BORDER DISPUTES</a> <ul> <li><a name="gy0131" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5486.html">Guyana-Venezuela Dispute</a> <li><a name="gy0132" href="../../cgi-bin/query/r-5487.html">Guyana-Suriname Dispute</a> </ul></ul>  <li>Appendices <ul> <li><a href="guyana/gy_appen.html">Appendix A. Tables</a> <li><a href="guyana/gy_appnb.html">Appendix B. The Commonwealth of Nations</a> <li><a href="guyana/gy_appnc.html">Appendix C. The Caribbean Community and Common Market</a> <li><a href="guyana/gy_appnd.html">Appendix D. Caribbean Basin Initiative</a> </ul> <li><a href="guyana/gy_bibl.html">Bibliography</a> <li><a href="guyana/gy_glos.html">Glossary</a> </ul> </body> </html>