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Edom - Wikipedia

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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Edom" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Edom" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Edom" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina&#039;s voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naam_en_gebied" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naam_en_gebied"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naam en gebied</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naam_en_gebied-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis_tot_de_Perzische_periode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis_tot_de_Perzische_periode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geschiedenis tot de Perzische periode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis_tot_de_Perzische_periode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idumea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idumea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Idumea</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Idumea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Idumea-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Idumea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gebied_en_bevolking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebied_en_bevolking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gebied en bevolking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebied_en_bevolking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idumea_onder_de_diadochen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idumea_onder_de_diadochen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Idumea onder de diadochen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idumea_onder_de_diadochen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idumea_onder_de_Hasmoneeën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idumea_onder_de_Hasmoneeën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Idumea onder de Hasmoneeën</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idumea_onder_de_Hasmoneeën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idumea_als_onderdeel_van_Judea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idumea_als_onderdeel_van_Judea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Idumea als onderdeel van Judea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idumea_als_onderdeel_van_Judea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondergang_van_Idumea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondergang_van_Idumea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ondergang van Idumea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondergang_van_Idumea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 54 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="مملكة إدوم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة إدوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="مملكة ادوم – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملكة ادوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dumeya" title="İdumeya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdumeya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Ідумея – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідумея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Идумея – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Идумея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE" title="ইদোম – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইদোম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەدۆمیەکان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەدۆمیەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%B3m" title="Edóm – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edóm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BC" title="Εδώμ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εδώμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edomo" title="Edomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Edomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="پادشاهی ادوم – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی ادوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dom" title="Édom – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Édom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom_(rexi%C3%B3n)" title="Edom (rexión) – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edom (rexión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9D_(%D7%A2%D7%9D)" title="אדום (עם) – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדום (עם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edomsko_Kraljevstvo" title="Edomsko Kraljevstvo – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Edomsko Kraljevstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edomiti" title="Edomiti – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edomiti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%83%A0" title="エドム – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エドム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%94" title="에돔 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에돔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idumaea" title="Idumaea – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Idumaea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edomas" title="Edomas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edomas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%B4ma" title="Edôma – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Edôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Идумеја – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Идумеја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%B2m" title="Edòm – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Edòm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idumea" title="Idumea – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Idumea" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Идумея – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идумея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edomi" title="Edomi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Edomi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Едом – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Едом" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edomu" title="Edomu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Edomu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="ئەدوم – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەدوم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Ідумея – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ідумея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="ادوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ادوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edom" title="Edom – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edom" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אדום – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אדום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%B1" title="以東 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以東" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor de plaats in Texas, zie <a href="/wiki/Edom_(Texas)" title="Edom (Texas)">Edom (Texas)</a>.</i> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Edom_mtns.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Edom_mtns.JPG/260px-Edom_mtns.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Edom_mtns.JPG/390px-Edom_mtns.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Edom_mtns.JPG/520px-Edom_mtns.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Bergen van Edom, gezien over de Dode Zee</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Edom</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws">Hebreeuws</a> <b>אֱדוֹם</b> 'Edôm) is het gebied waar in de oudheid de <b>Edomieten</b> woonden. In <a href="/wiki/Assyri%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrië">Assyrische</a> bronnen wordt het gebied <b>Udumi</b> genoemd. In de Grieks-Romeinse periode heette het gebied <b>Idumea</b> (<a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgrieks</a> Ἰδουμαία (Idoumaía); <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a> Idumaea). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naam_en_gebied">Naam en gebied</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naam en gebied" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naam en gebied"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De naam Edom betekent vermoedelijk 'rood'. Gewoonlijk brengt men dit in verband met de bergen van roodachtige zandsteen in het gebied ten zuiden van de Dode Zee. Mogelijk is er ook een verband met de betekenis van de naam van <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a>, die volgens het Bijbelboek <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(boek)" title="Genesis (boek)">Genesis</a> de stamvader was van de Edomieten. Esau was 'rossig' en 'daarom noemden zij hem Esau' (Gen 25:25). Volgens Gen 25:30, werd Esau ook Edom genoemd omdat hij verlangde naar de rode linzensoep van Jakob. </p><p>Het gebied dat als Edom wordt aangeduid, is door de tijd heen niet altijd hetzelfde geweest. Rond 600 v.Chr., toen het Edomitische rijk op zijn hoogtepunt was, besloeg het het gebied ten Zuiden van de <a href="/wiki/Dode_Zee" title="Dode Zee">Dode Zee</a>, tot aan de <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Akaba" title="Golf van Akaba">Golf van Akaba</a>. In de Grieks-Romeinse periode was dit gebied grotendeels in handen van de <a href="/wiki/Nabatee%C3%ABrs" title="Nabateeërs">Nabateeërs</a> en besloeg (het toen zo genoemde) Idumea het Zuidelijk deel van wat eerder het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Juda" title="Koninkrijk Juda">Koninkrijk Juda</a> geweest was. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis_tot_de_Perzische_periode">Geschiedenis tot de Perzische periode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis tot de Perzische periode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis tot de Perzische periode"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Levant_830_nl_3.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Levant_830_nl_3.PNG/260px-Levant_830_nl_3.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Levant_830_nl_3.PNG/390px-Levant_830_nl_3.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Levant_830_nl_3.PNG/520px-Levant_830_nl_3.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>De <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> rond 830 v.Chr.<br />Geel: Edom</figcaption></figure> <p>De oudst bekende verwijzing naar Edom staat in een Egyptische bron uit de tijd van farao <a href="/wiki/Merenptah" title="Merenptah">Merenptah</a> (ca. 1213 - 1203 v.Chr.).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De Edomieten worden hier terloops genoemd als een groep met elkaar verbonden <a href="/wiki/Bedoe%C3%AFnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedoeïnen">bedoeïnenstammen</a>. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel">Hebreeuwse Bijbel</a> stelt dat de Edomieten afstammen van <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a>, de oudere broer van <a href="/wiki/Jakob_(aartsvader)" title="Jakob (aartsvader)">Jakob</a> en neemt een lijst op met stamhoofden uit de periode kort na Esau.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De voornaamste bron voor Edom in deze periode is de <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel">Hebreeuwse Bijbel</a>, waar de Edomieten nogal eens als tegenstanders van de <a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABlieten" title="Israëlieten">Israëlieten</a> naar voren komen. </p><p>Ten tijde van de Israëlitische koningen <a href="/wiki/Koning_David" title="Koning David">David</a> en <a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomo</a> was Edom een vazalstaatje van het Israëlitische koninkrijk. Tegen het einde van Salomo's regering kwamen de Edomieten weliswaar in opstand, maar korte tijd later werden zij toch opnieuw een vazal van het inmiddels ontstane <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Juda" title="Koninkrijk Juda">Koninkrijk Juda</a>. </p><p>Rond 850 v.Chr. kwamen de Edomieten nogmaals tegen de Israëlieten in opstand, nu met meer succes. Zo ontstond een onafhankelijk Edomitisch koninkrijk.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over deze periode is niet veel bekend. </p><p>In 732 v.Chr. maakte <a href="/wiki/Tiglat-Pileser_III" title="Tiglat-Pileser III">Tiglat-Pileser III</a> een einde aan de onafhankelijkheid en werd Edom een vazal van <a href="/wiki/Assyri%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrië">Assyrië</a>. Uit opgravingen blijkt echter dat Edom juist in deze periode tot zijn grootste bloei kwam, vermoedelijk vooral doordat de handelsroutes vanuit Damascus naar het Zuiden door het gebied van Edom liepen. Rond deze tijd was <a href="/wiki/Petra_(historische_stad)" title="Petra (historische stad)">Petra</a> de belangrijkste Edomitische stad. </p><p>De val van het Assyrische rijk betekende opnieuw onafhankelijkheid voor Edom, maar niet voor lang: in 605 v.Chr. plaatste <a href="/wiki/Nebukadnezar_II" title="Nebukadnezar II">Nebukadnessar</a> Edom onder <a href="/wiki/Babyloni%C3%AB" title="Babylonië">Babylonisch</a> bestuur. Als bondgenoten van de Babyloniërs waren de Edomieten betrokken bij de verwoesting van <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem">Jeruzalem</a> in 586 v.Chr.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Als trouw vazal had Edom aanvankelijk zelf niet te lijden onder de Babyloniërs. Dit veranderde toen de Babylonische koning Nabonidus rond 555 v. Chr. op zijn campagne in het westen van zijn rijk de Edomieten aanviel en vrijwel geheel vernietigde of in slavernij afvoerde. Alleen enkele arme Edomieten overleefden dit. Daardoor konden tussen de 6e en de 4e eeuw Arabische stammen en vooral de <a href="/wiki/Nabatee%C3%ABrs" title="Nabateeërs">Nabateeërs</a> de overgebleven Edomieten steeds verder naar het westen drijven, zodat de kern van Edom door hen werd overgenomen. De profetie van de Israëlitische profeet Obadjah was hiermee vervuld circa 30 jaar nadat hij het had uitgesproken. </p><p>De Mesopotamiërs hadden het gebied van de Edomieten de naam Udumi gegeven en die naam bleef gehandhaafd. Uit de periode na de aanval van Nabonidus en uit de tijd van de Perzische overheersing is niet veel bekend over Edom of de Edomieten. Wel lijkt het erop dat het voormalige gebied van de Edomieten Udumi pas laat in het Perzische bestuurssysteem werd opgenomen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De Grieken en Romeinen die later het gebied veroverden gaven het gebied de naam Idumea afgeleid van de oude Mesopotamische naam. De Edomieten waren echter toen als volk al uit de geschiedenis verdwenen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Idumea">Idumea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Idumea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Idumea"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gebied_en_bevolking">Gebied en bevolking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebied en bevolking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebied en bevolking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Edom.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Edom.PNG/260px-Edom.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="563" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Edom.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>lichtrood: Edom rond 600 v.Chr.<br />donkerrood: Idumea</figcaption></figure> <p>Met betrekking tot de Grieks-Romeinse periode spreekt men gewoonlijk niet meer van Edom, maar van Idumea. Het Idumea uit deze periode is maar een klein gebied vergeleken met de omvang die het Edomitische rijk eerder in de geschiedenis had (zie kaartje). Het was echter wel strategisch gelegen: de belangrijke Oost-West route tussen het rijk van de <a href="/wiki/Nabatee%C3%ABrs" title="Nabateeërs">Nabateeërs</a> en de havensteden <a href="/wiki/Gaza_(stad)" title="Gaza (stad)">Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Askelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Askelon">Askelon</a> en <a href="/wiki/Asdod" class="mw-redirect" title="Asdod">Asdod</a> liep door het gebied, alsmede enkele Noord-Zuid handelsroutes. De belangrijkste steden in het Idumea uit deze periode waren <a href="/wiki/Hebron_(Westelijke_Jordaanoever)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebron (Westelijke Jordaanoever)">Hebron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marisa" title="Marisa">Marisa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adora (de pagina bestaat niet)">Adora</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betabris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Betabris (de pagina bestaat niet)">Betabris</a>. De bevolking van Idumea bestond naast Edomieten onder meer uit <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenici%C3%ABrs" title="Feniciërs">Feniciërs</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nabatee%C3%ABrs" title="Nabateeërs">Nabateeërs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idumea_onder_de_diadochen">Idumea onder de <a href="/wiki/Diadochen" title="Diadochen">diadochen</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Idumea onder de diadochen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Idumea onder de diadochen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Idumea kwam onder Grieks bestuur door de veroveringen van <a href="/wiki/Alexander_de_Grote" title="Alexander de Grote">Alexander de Grote</a>. Na zijn dood was Idumea aanvankelijk onderdeel van het rijk van de <a href="/wiki/Ptolemae%C3%ABn" title="Ptolemaeën">Ptolemaeën</a>, maar rond 198 v.Chr. werd het gebied ingelijfd bij het <a href="/wiki/Seleuciden" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleuciden">Seleucidische rijk</a> als gevolg van de veroveringen van <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_de_Grote" title="Antiochus III de Grote">Antiochus III</a>. Zowel de Ptolemaeën als de Seleuciden bestuurden Idumea via gouverneurs. </p><p>Tijdens het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Hasmonee%C3%ABn#Makkabeeën" title="Hasmoneeën">Makkabeese opstand</a> was het vooral vanuit Idumea dat de Seleuciden <a href="/wiki/Judas_Makkabe%C3%BCs" title="Judas Makkabeüs">Judas Makkabeüs</a> en zijn broers bestreden, vooral onder gouverneur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysias_(Idumea)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lysias (Idumea) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lysias</a>. Dit kon echter niet voorkomen dat Judas' broer <a href="/wiki/Simon_Makkabe%C3%BCs" title="Simon Makkabeüs">Simon</a> uiteindelijk de onafhankelijke Joodse <a href="/wiki/Hasmonee%C3%ABn" title="Hasmoneeën">Hasmonese</a> staat stichtte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idumea_onder_de_Hasmoneeën"><span id="Idumea_onder_de_Hasmonee.C3.ABn"></span>Idumea onder de Hasmoneeën</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Idumea onder de Hasmoneeën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Idumea onder de Hasmoneeën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 129 v.Chr. veroverde de Hasmonese koning <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hyrkanus" title="Johannes Hyrkanus">Johannes Hyrkanus</a> Idumea. Daarbij dwong hij de niet-Joodse bevolking van Idumea zich te laten besnijden en toe te treden tot het Jodendom.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vanaf dat moment bleef Idumea deel van het Hasmonese rijk zolang dit bestond. Ook de Hasmoneeën bestuurden Idumea via gouverneurs. Uit deze periode zijn twee gouverneurs met name bekend: </p> <ul><li>Antipater, benoemd door <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Janne%C3%BCs" title="Alexander Janneüs">Alexander Janneüs</a>. Hij stamde uit een oud Idumees geslacht.</li> <li>Zijn zoon <a href="/wiki/Antipater_(Idumea)" title="Antipater (Idumea)">Antipater</a> was gouverneur in de nadagen van de Hasmonese staat, onder <a href="/wiki/Hyrkanus_II" title="Hyrkanus II">Hyrkanus II</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idumea_als_onderdeel_van_Judea">Idumea als onderdeel van Judea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Idumea als onderdeel van Judea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Idumea als onderdeel van Judea"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 63 v.Chr. maakte de Romeinse generaal <a href="/wiki/Pompeius" title="Pompeius">Pompeius</a> een einde aan de onafhankelijke Hasmonese staat. <a href="/wiki/Hyrkanus_II" title="Hyrkanus II">Hyrkanus II</a> werd door Pompeius aangesteld als vazalkoning over Judea, waartoe hij ook Idumea rekende. Antipater bleef gouverneur van Idumea en was Hyrkanus' belangrijkste adviseur. Antipater wist zijn invloed echter snel te vergroten en toen na de opstand van de Hasmoneeër <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_(Hasmonee%C3%ABn)" title="Antigonus (Hasmoneeën)">Antigonus</a> de rol van Hyrkanus II was uitgespeeld, was het niet een Hasmoneeër die door de Romeinen als nieuwe vazalkoning werd aangesteld, maar <a href="/wiki/Herodes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodes I">Herodes de Grote</a>, de zoon van Antipater, die het koningschap kreeg over het Joodse land. Hoewel Herodes zijn residentie had in <a href="/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem">Jeruzalem</a>, bleef hij gedurende heel zijn leven Idumea als zijn belangrijkste machtsbasis zien. Herodes stelde <a href="/wiki/Costobarus" title="Costobarus">Costobarus</a> (de man van zijn zuster <a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A9_I" title="Salomé I">Salomé</a>) aan als gouverneur over Idumea. </p><p>Ook na de dood van Herodes de Grote bleven de Romeinen Idumea zien als deel van <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, zowel in tijden dat Judea een vazalstaat was onder een <a href="/wiki/Herodianen_(dynastie)" title="Herodianen (dynastie)">Herodiaanse</a> koning als in tijden dat Judea een <i><a href="/wiki/Provincia" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia">provincia</a></i> was. Idumea bleef telkens bestuurd door gouverneurs, die verantwoording verschuldigd waren aan de koning, prefect of procurator over Judea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ondergang_van_Idumea">Ondergang van Idumea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ondergang van Idumea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ondergang van Idumea"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Joodse_Oorlog" title="Joodse Oorlog">Joodse Opstand</a> (66-70 na Chr.) koos Idumea de zijde van de <a href="/wiki/Zeloten" title="Zeloten">Zeloten</a>, die leiding gaven aan de opstand tegen de Romeinen. Op verschillende momenten tijdens de opstand kwamen Idumeese troepen de Zeloten in Jeruzalem te hulp. Tegelijkertijd waren er in deze periode ook bendes die profiteerden van de anarchie en plunderend door Idumea trokken, waardoor veel Idumeeërs hun toevlucht in Jeruzalem zochten. </p><p>Op bevel van <a href="/wiki/Vespasianus" title="Vespasianus">Vespasianus</a>, die door keizer <a href="/wiki/Nero_(keizer)" title="Nero (keizer)">Nero</a> naar Judea was gestuurd om de opstand neer te slaan, werden in Idumea grote verwoestingen aangericht en werd de Idumeese bevolking gedecimeerd (plm. 68 na Chr.). Na de val van Jeruzalem (70 na Chr.) wordt in de historische bronnen geen melding meer gemaakt van Idumea. Het gebied is opgegaan in Judea en van het volk van de Edomieten/Idumeeërs is geen sprake meer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Papyrus Anastasi 6, 54-56 (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Pritchard</span>, <i>Ancient Near East Texts</i>, 259)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(boek)" title="Genesis (boek)">Genesis</a> 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/II_Koningen" class="mw-redirect" title="II Koningen">II Koningen</a> 8:20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Obadja_(boek)" title="Obadja (boek)">Obadja</a> 1, <a href="/wiki/Psalm" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 137:7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <i>Historiën</i>, III.4-9,88,97; <a href="/wiki/Diodoros_van_Sicili%C3%AB" title="Diodoros van Sicilië">Diodorus</a> <i>Bibliotheca Historia</i> 19,98,1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/I_Makkabee%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="I Makkabeeën">I Makkabeeën</a> 4:36-59; <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Josephus" title="Flavius Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a>, <i>Ant.</i> 13,257; <a href="/wiki/Strabo_(historicus)" title="Strabo (historicus)">Strabo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geographika" title="Geographika">Geographika</a></i>, 16,2,34.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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