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He was particularly interested in the work of Aristotle and wrote a large number of commentaries of differing length on his works. Source for information on Ibn Rushd (1126–1198): Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World dictionary." /><meta name="abstract" content="IBN RUSHD (1126–1198)Ibn Rushd, whose Latin name was Averroes, was the most outstanding philosopher in the Islamic world working within the Peripatetic (Greek) tradition. He was particularly interested in the work of Aristotle and wrote a large number of commentaries of differing length on his works." /><meta name="keywords" content="IBN RUSHD (1126–1198)Ibn Rushd, whose Latin name was Averroes, was the most outstanding philosopher in the Islamic world working within the Peripatetic (Greek) tradition. He was particularly interested in the work of Aristotle and wrote a large number of commentaries of differing length on his works." /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 8 (https://www.drupal.org)" /><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/sites/default/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><link rel="revision" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-rushd-1126-1198" /><title>Ibn Rushd (1126–1198) | Encyclopedia.com</title> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) 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class="ency-views">views <strong class="topic_views"></strong></span> <span>updated <strong class="topic_updated"></strong></span></div><div class="icons-topics"><div class="speak-title" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title='Listen title' > <i> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792"><path fill="#00428b" d="M832 352v1088q0 26-19 45t-45 19-45-19l-333-333h-262q-26 0-45-19t-19-45v-384q0-26 19-45t45-19h262l333-333q19-19 45-19t45 19 19 45zm384 544q0 76-42.5 141.5t-112.5 93.5q-10 5-25 5-26 0-45-18.5t-19-45.5q0-21 12-35.5t29-25 34-23 29-36 12-56.5-12-56.5-29-36-34-23-29-25-12-35.5q0-27 19-45.5t45-18.5q15 0 25 5 70 27 112.5 93t42.5 142zm256 0q0 153-85 282.5t-225 188.5q-13 5-25 5-27 0-46-19t-19-45q0-39 39-59 56-29 76-44 74-54 115.5-135.5t41.5-173.5-41.5-173.5-115.5-135.5q-20-15-76-44-39-20-39-59 0-26 19-45t45-19q13 0 26 5 140 59 225 188.5t85 282.5zm256 0q0 230-127 422.5t-338 283.5q-13 5-26 5-26 0-45-19t-19-45q0-36 39-59 7-4 22.5-10.5t22.5-10.5q46-25 82-51 123-91 192-227t69-289-69-289-192-227q-36-26-82-51-7-4-22.5-10.5t-22.5-10.5q-39-23-39-59 0-26 19-45t45-19q13 0 26 5 211 91 338 283.5t127 422.5z"/></svg> </i></div> <a class="pagetools_showCitation" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title='Cite this article' > <i data-toggle="modal" data-target="#citationModal0"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792"><path fill="#00428b" d="M832 960v384q0 80-56 136t-136 56h-384q-80 0-136-56t-56-136v-704q0-104 40.5-198.5t109.5-163.5 163.5-109.5 198.5-40.5h64q26 0 45 19t19 45v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-64q-106 0-181 75t-75 181v32q0 40 28 68t68 28h224q80 0 136 56t56 136zm896 0v384q0 80-56 136t-136 56h-384q-80 0-136-56t-56-136v-704q0-104 40.5-198.5t109.5-163.5 163.5-109.5 198.5-40.5h64q26 0 45 19t19 45v128q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-64q-106 0-181 75t-75 181v32q0 40 28 68t68 28h224q80 0 136 56t56 136z"/></svg> </i> </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="pagetools_hlPrint" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title='Print this article' > <i> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792"><path fill="#00428b" d="M448 1536h896v-256h-896v256zm0-640h896v-384h-160q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-160h-640v640zm1152 64q0-26-19-45t-45-19-45 19-19 45 19 45 45 19 45-19 19-45zm128 0v416q0 13-9.5 22.5t-22.5 9.5h-224v160q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-960q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-160h-224q-13 0-22.5-9.5t-9.5-22.5v-416q0-79 56.5-135.5t135.5-56.5h64v-544q0-40 28-68t68-28h672q40 0 88 20t76 48l152 152q28 28 48 76t20 88v256h64q79 0 135.5 56.5t56.5 135.5z"/></svg> </i> </a></div></div><div class="doccontentwrapper collapse show" id="collapseExample0"><div class="article-content-ad"></div><h1>IBN RUSHD (1126–1198)</h1><p><a class="interlinked" href="/people/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy-biographies/ibn-rushd">Ibn Rushd</a>, whose Latin name was Averroes, was the most outstanding philosopher in the Islamic world working within the Peripatetic (Greek) tradition. He was particularly interested in the work of Aristotle and wrote a large number of commentaries of differing length on his works. <a class="interlinked" href="/people/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy-biographies/ibn-rushd">Ibn Rushd</a> was not only a philosopher but also a judge, legal thinker, physician, and politician, like so many of the other philosophers in the Islamic world. His work is marked by its commitment to what he took to be pure Aristotelianism and his relative antipathy to Neoplatonism. He defended the acceptability of philosophy in the Islamic world, arguing that it does not contradict religion but complements it. Ibn Rushd held that philosophy represents the system of demonstrative or rational argumentation, while religion presents the conclusions of philosophy to a wider audience in a form that enables the latter to understand how to act.</p><p>This thesis came to be characterized as the "double-truth" thesis, which held that philosophy and religion are both true despite contradicting each other. Nevertheless, Ibn Rushd did not hold such a thesis, whatever views were attributed to him outside of the Islamic world after his death. During his lifetime, Ibn Rushd suffered at the hands of rulers who were occasionally unsympathetic to philosophy, and after his death his style of philosophy soon fell out of fashion in the Arabic-speaking Islamic world. It is the commentaries that led to his continuing influence in Jewish and Christian Europe long after he was forgotten in the Islamic world.</p><p><i>See also</i><a data-article="778173" href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/falsafa"><b>Falsafa</b> </a>; <a data-article="896834" href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/law-0"><b>Law</b> </a>.</p><h2>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>Leaman, Oliver. <i>Averroes and his Philosophy.</i> Richmond, U.K.: Curzon, 1997.</p><p>Nasr, Seyyed, and Leaman, Oliver, eds. <i>History of Islamic Philosophy.</i> London: Routledge, 1996.</p><p><i>Oliver Leaman</i></p></div><div class="bylinecontainer"> <span>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</span> <span></span></div><div class="modal fade" id="citationModal0" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-scrollable"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button></div><div class="modal-body citation-container"><div class="TopicCitationDiv"><div class="TabbedPanels"><p class="citationprefix"> <a name="citationanchor"></a> <span class="citethis">Cite this article </span> <br> <span class="selectcitationtext">Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.</span></p><div role="tabpanel" class="TabbedPanels"><ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"><li role="presentation"> <a href="#mlaTab0" class="active" aria-controls="malTab" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">MLA</a></li><li role="presentation"> <a href="#chicagoTab0" aria-controls="chicagoTab" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Chicago</a></li><li role="presentation"> <a href="#apaTab0" aria-controls="apaTab" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">APA</a></li></ul><div class="tab-content"><div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane active" id="mlaTab0"><p class="cittext"> "<a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-rushd-1126-1198 ">Ibn Rushd (1126–1198) .</a>" <u>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</u>. . <i>Encyclopedia.com.</i> 22 Nov. 2024 <span><</span><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com">https://www.encyclopedia.com</a><span>></span>.</p></div><div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="chicagoTab0"><p class="cittext"> "Ibn Rushd (1126–1198) ." <u>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</u>. . <i>Encyclopedia.com.</i> (November 22, 2024). <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-rushd-1126-1198 ">https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-rushd-1126-1198</a></p></div><div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="apaTab0"><p class="cittext"> "Ibn Rushd (1126–1198) ." <u>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</u>. . Retrieved November 22, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-rushd-1126-1198 "> https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-rushd-1126-1198</a></p></div></div></div><div class="citation-learnmore"> <a class="citationTrigger" data-toggle="collapse" href="#learnCitation0" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="learnCitation0" >Learn more about citation styles <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> </a><div class="citation-content collapse" id="learnCitation0"><h3>Citation styles</h3><p> Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).</p><p> Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. 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</a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-qutayba-abu-mu"> <span>Ibn Qutayba, Abū Mu</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-quraysh-judah"> <span>Ibn Quraysh, Judah</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-plat-joseph"> <span>Ibn Plat, Joseph</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-paquda-pakuda-bakoda-david-ben-eleazar"> <span>Ibn Paquda (Pakuda, Bakoda), David ben Eleazar</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-paquda"> <span>Ibn Paqūda</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-musa-hayyim-ben-judah"> <span>Ibn Mūsā, Ḥayyim ben judah</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-musa-ahmad"> <span>Ibn Musa, Ahmad</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-muhajir-abraham-ben-meir"> <span>Ibn Muhājir, Abraham ben Meir</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-muadh-al-jayyani"> <span>Ibn Muadh al-Jayyani</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-motot-samuel-ben-saadiah"> <span>Ibn Motot, Samuel ben Saadiah</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-migash-joseph-ben-meir-ha-levi"> <span>Ibn Migash, Joseph ben Meir Ha-Levi</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-mar-saul-isaac-ben-levi"> <span>Ibn Mar Saul, Isaac ben Levi</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-majid-shih"> <span>Ibn Mājid, Shih</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-maja-824-887"> <span>Ibn Maja (824–887)</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-killis-abu-al-faraj-yaqub-ibn-yusuf"> <span>Ibn Killis, Abu Al-Faraj Yaʿqūb Ibn Yūsuf</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-khurradadhbih-or-ibn-khurd"> <span>Ibn Khurradādhbih (or Ibn Khurd</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/ibn-khallikan"> <span>Ibn Khallikan</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-khalikan"> <span>Ibn Khalikan</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-khalfun-isaac"> <span>Ibn Khalfun, Isaac</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-khaldun-1332-1406"> <span>Ibn Khaldūn (1332–1406)</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-khaldun"> <span>Ibn Khaldûn</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-kapron-isaac"> <span>Ibn Kapron, Isaac</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-kammuna-sad-ibn-mansur"> <span>Ibn Kammūna, Saʿd Ibn Manṣūr</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-juljul-sulayman-ibn-h"> <span>Ibn Juljul, Sulaymān Ibn H</span> </a></div><div class="current-node"> <b>Ibn Rushd (1126–1198)</b></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-rushd-abul-walid-muhammad-ibn-ahmad-ibn-muhammad"> <span>Ibn Rushd, Abu’L-Walid Muh?ammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Muh?ammad</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-sahl-abu-ishaq-ibrahim"> <span>Ibn Sahl, Abu Isḥāq Ibrāhīm</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-sahl-joseph-abu-amr-ben-jacob"> <span>Ibn Sahl, Joseph (Abu-ʿAmr) ben Jacob</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-saqawayh"> <span>Ibn Sāqawayh</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-sasson-samuel-ben-joseph"> <span>Ibn Sasson, Samuel ben Joseph</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-said-sid-isaac"> <span>Ibn Saʿīd (Sid), Isaac</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-isaac-ben-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Isaac ben Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-joseph-ben-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Joseph ben Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-shem-tov-ben-joseph-ben-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Shem Tov ben Joseph ben Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shoshan"> <span>Ibn Shoshan</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shoshan-david"> <span>Ibn Shoshan, David</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shuaib-joel"> <span>Ibn Shuaib, Joel</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shuaib-joshua"> <span>Ibn Shuaib, Joshua</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shuwayk-isaac-ar-alm-al-fath-ben-israel"> <span>Ibn Shuwayk, Isaac (Ar. Alm Al-Fath) ben Israel</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-sina"> <span>Ibn Sīnā</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-sina-980-1037"> <span>Ibn Sina (980-1037)</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-sina-or-avicenna-abu-ali-al-hussein-ibn-abdallah"> <span>Ibn Sina (or Avicenna), Abu Ali Al-Hussein Ibn Abdallah</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-sina-abu-ali-al-husayn-ibn-abdallah-also-known-avicenna"> <span>Ibn Sina, Abu ?Ali Al-Husayn Ibn ?Abdallah, also known as Avicenna</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-sina-abu-ali-husayn"> <span>Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī ḥusayn</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-taimiyya-taymiyah-taqi-al-din"> <span>Ibn Taimiy(y)a (Taymīyah), Taqī al-Din</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-taymiyah"> <span>Ibn Taymīyah</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-taymiyya-1263-1328"> <span>Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328)</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-taymiyya-taqiyy-ad-din-ahmad"> <span>Ibn Taymiyya, Taqiyy ad-Din Ahmad</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-tibbon"> <span>IBN Tibbon</span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><div id="footer"> <footer><div><div class="container"><div id="block-trustme-footerad"><script type="text/javascript" async src="https://btloader.com/tag?o=5698917485248512&upapi=true&domain=encyclopedia.com"></script><script>!function(){"use strict";var e;e=document,function(){var t,n;function r(){var t=e.createElement("script");t.src="https://cafemedia-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryplayer.js",e.head.appendChild(t)}function a(){var t=e.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*__adblocker\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t&&t.pop()}function c(){clearInterval(n)}return{init:function(){var e;"true"===(t=a())?r():(e=0,n=setInterval((function(){100!==e&&"false"!==t||c(),"true"===t&&(r(),c()),t=a(),e++}),50))}}}().init()}(); 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