CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>R. S. Subbalakshmi - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"29dccfc4-ddf0-4ec3-aead-73e4d632426f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"R._S._Subbalakshmi","wgTitle":"R. S. Subbalakshmi","wgCurRevisionId":1253737514,"wgRevisionId":1253737514,"wgArticleId":35378691,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from September 2014","Use dmy dates from September 2014","Articles with hCards","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Indian women activists","Indian women educational theorists","Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work","1886 births", "1969 deaths","Presidency College, Chennai alumni","Indian social reformers","University of Madras alumni","Tamil scholars","19th-century Indian women educators","19th-century Indian people","20th-century Indian politicians","Scholars from Chennai","Indian Tamil people","Women in Tamil Nadu politics","Women's education in India","20th-century Indian educational theorists","Scientists from Tamil Nadu","20th-century Indian women scientists","Women scientists from Tamil Nadu","Trade unionists from Tamil Nadu","Indian women trade unionists","20th-century Indian women politicians","Politicians from Chennai","Women educators from Tamil Nadu","Educators from Tamil Nadu","20th-century Indian educators","20th-century Indian women educators"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"R._S._Subbalakshmi","wgRelevantArticleId":35378691,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7273976","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2198"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1466"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1172"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="R. S. Subbalakshmi - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._S._Subbalakshmi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._S._Subbalakshmi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-R_S_Subbalakshmi rootpage-R_S_Subbalakshmi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=R.+S.+Subbalakshmi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=R.+S.+Subbalakshmi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=R.+S.+Subbalakshmi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=R.+S.+Subbalakshmi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">R. S. Subbalakshmi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80" title="আর এস সুব্বালক্ষ্মী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর এস সুব্বালক্ষ্মী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಆರ್ ಎಸ್ ಸುಬ್ಬಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ ಎಸ್ ಸುಬ್ಬಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D._%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="ആർ.എസ്. സുബ്ബലക്ഷ്മി അമ്മാൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർ.എസ്. സുബ്ബലക്ഷ്മി അമ്മാൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80" title="ਆਰ ਐਸ ਸੁਬਾਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰ ਐਸ ਸੁਬਾਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="ஆர். எஸ். சுபலட்சுமி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர். எஸ். சுபலட்சுமி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D.%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D._%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF" title="ఆర్.ఎస్. సుబ్బలక్ష్మి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్.ఎస్. సుబ్బలక్ష్మి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7273976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R._S._Subbalakshmi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:R._S._Subbalakshmi" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R._S._Subbalakshmi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R._S._Subbalakshmi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/R._S._Subbalakshmi" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/R._S._Subbalakshmi" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&oldid=1253737514" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=R._S._Subbalakshmi&id=1253737514&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FR._S._Subbalakshmi"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FR._S._Subbalakshmi"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:R._S._Subbalakshmi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7273976" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian social activist (1886-1969)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">R.S.Subbalakshmi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg/220px-Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1886-08-18</span>)</span>18 August 1886<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Mylapore,_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylapore, Madras">Mylapore, Madras</a>, India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 December 1969<span style="display:none">(1969-12-20)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_College,_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency College, Madras">Presidency College, Madras</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Social_reformer" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reformer">Social reformer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Educationist">educationist</a>, Member of <a href="/wiki/Madras_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Legislative Council">Madras Legislative Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category">Rehabilitation of child widows through education</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kaiser-i-Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser-i-Hind">Kaiser-i-Hind</a> award, <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shree" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma Shree">Padma Shree</a> award</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/sisterrssubbalakshmi/">sites<wbr />.google<wbr />.com<wbr />/site<wbr />/sisterrssubbalakshmi<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sister <b>R. S. Subbalakshmi</b> (sometimes spelled <b>Subbulakshmi</b> or <b>Subhalakshmi</b>) (18 August 1886 – 20 December 1969), was a <a href="/wiki/Social_reformer" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reformer">social reformer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Educationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Educationist">educationist</a> in India. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subbalakshmi was born at the remote Thanjavur village of Rishiyur,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the other view was Mylapore in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the first daughter of Visalakshi and R. V. Subramania Iyer (a civil engineer. Her father, R.V. Subramania Iyer was employed in the Public Works Department of the Madras Presidency),.<sup id="cite_ref-Who's_who_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who's_who-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They belonged to an orthodox Tamil <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> family from the <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a> district. Subbalakshmi was ranked first in the public examination in the Chingleput District, for the fourth standard of the Madras Presidency at the age of nine.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was married while very young, as was customary, but her husband died soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1911, she became the first Hindu woman to graduate from the Madras Presidency<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she did this with First Class Honors from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_College,_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency College, Madras">Presidency College, Madras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R.S.Subbalakshmi_early_1900s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/R.S.Subbalakshmi_early_1900s.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="205" /></a><figcaption>Young Subbalakshmi</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1912, she founded the Sarada Ladies Union to provide a meeting ground and platform for housewives and other ladies to promote consciousness among them regarding social problems and to encourage them to educate themselves and the Sarada Illam or Widow's Home,<sup id="cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which rehabilitated and educated child widows in Madras.<sup id="cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in 1921 <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1927, she established the Sarada Vidyalaya under the aegis of the Sarada Ladies Union.<sup id="cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922 she inaugurated the Lady Willingdon Training College and Practice School and was its first principal.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also established the Srividya Kalanilayam, a school for adult women at <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a> in 1942,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and while she was the president of the Mylapore Ladies Club, she formed the Mylapore Ladies Club School Society, in 1956, which was then renamed as the Vidya Mandir School, in Mylapore.<sup id="cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, she was involved in setting up a social welfare center for women and children in <a href="/wiki/Madambakkam" title="Madambakkam">Madambakkam</a> village. near <a href="/wiki/Tambaram" title="Tambaram">Tambaram</a>, in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> honoured her with the <a href="/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisar-i-Hind">Kaisar-i-Hind</a> Gold Medal for Public Service in 1920,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and in 1958, after <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence of India</a>, the Indian Government awarded her the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Padma_Shri_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padma_Shri-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Photo_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Photo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While she was in government service as Headmistress of the Lady Willingdon Training College and Superintendent of the Ice House Hostel, Subbalakshmi was prohibited from joining the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Indian_Association" title="Women's Indian Association">Women's Indian Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To keep her school running Subbalakshmi compromised on her beliefs and efforts against child marriage. Nevertheless, using her fluency in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, she made efforts to abolish <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">child marriage</a> and to encourage education of girls. The historic, first conference, of the then newly established All India Women's Conference, called the "All India Women's Conference on Educational Reform", was held at the Fergusson College, Poona in January 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Aparna_Basu_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aparna_Basu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subbalakshmi was one of the fifty eight prominent delegates attending this meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-Aparna_Basu_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aparna_Basu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Theosophist_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theosophist-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She actively supported the <a href="/wiki/Child_Marriage_Restraint_Act" title="Child Marriage Restraint Act">Child Marriage Restraint Act</a>, passed in 1930, and appeared before the Joshi committee<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rappaport_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappaport-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which formulated the Act instrumental in raising the marriageable age of girls to fourteen and boys to sixteen. After retirement, she was involved in the activities of the Women's Indian Association, through which she befriended <a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a> and others. She served as a nominated member of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Legislative Council">Madras Legislative Council</a> from 1952 to 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subbulakshmi died on 20 December 1969 on an <a href="/wiki/Ekadashi" title="Ekadashi">Ekadashi</a> Day.<sup id="cite_ref-Rajaji_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajaji-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srkmsaradavidyalaya.org/about-us/our-founder/">"About Us"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsrkmsaradavidyalaya.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-founder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelton2003" class="citation book cs1">Felton, Monica (2003). <i>A Child Widow's Story</i>. Katha. pp. 13, 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-87649-91-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-87649-91-7"><bdi>81-87649-91-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Child+Widow%27s+Story&rft.pages=13%2C+14&rft.pub=Katha&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-87649-91-7&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=Monica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who's_who-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Who's_who_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Who's who in Madras: ... A pictorial who's who of distinguished personages, princes, zemindars and noblemen in the Madras Presidency</i>. Pearl Press. 1940. p. 247.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Who%27s+who+in+Madras%3A+...+A+pictorial+who%27s+who+of+distinguished+personages%2C+princes%2C+zemindars+and+noblemen+in+the+Madras+Presidency&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Pearl+Press&rft.date=1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan1989" class="citation book cs1">Ramanathan, Malathi (1989). <i>Sister R.S.Subbalakshmi, Social Reformer and Educationist</i>. Bombay: Lok Vangmaya Griha. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+R.S.Subbalakshmi%2C+Social+Reformer+and+Educationist&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Lok+Vangmaya+Griha&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ramanathan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelton2003" class="citation book cs1">Felton, Monica (2003). <i>A Child Widow's Story</i>. Katha. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-87649-91-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-87649-91-7"><bdi>81-87649-91-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Child+Widow%27s+Story&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Katha&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-87649-91-7&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=Monica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%2024/madras-first-hindu-woman-graduate.html">"Madras Musings - We care for Madras that is Chennai"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madras+Musings+-+We+care+for+Madras+that+is+Chennai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmadrasmusings.com%2FVol%252020%2520No%252024%2Fmadras-first-hindu-woman-graduate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malathi_Ramanathan_p_24_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan1989" class="citation book cs1">Ramanathan, Malathi (1989). <i>Sister R.S.Subbalakshmi, Social Reformer and Educationist</i>. Bombay: Lok Vangmaya Griha. pp. 24–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+R.S.Subbalakshmi%2C+Social+Reformer+and+Educationist&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=24-26&rft.pub=Lok+Vangmaya+Griha&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ramanathan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srkmsaradavidyalaya.org/about-us/presidents-welcome/">"About Us"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsrkmsaradavidyalaya.org%2Fabout-us%2Fpresidents-welcome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes2006" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Geraldine (2006) [1996]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hjilIrVt9hUC"><i>Women in Modern India</i></a>. Vol. 4 (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65377-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65377-0"><bdi>978-0-521-65377-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Modern+India&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=57-60&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65377-0&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhjilIrVt9hUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan1989" class="citation book cs1">Ramanathan, Malathi (1989). <i>Sister R.S.Subbalakshmi, Social Reformer and Educationist</i>. Bombay: Lok Vangmaya Griha. pp. 91–93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+R.S.Subbalakshmi%2C+Social+Reformer+and+Educationist&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=91-93&rft.pub=Lok+Vangmaya+Griha&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ramanathan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan1989" class="citation book cs1">Ramanathan, Malathi (1989). <i>Sister R.S.Subbalakshmi, Social Reformer and Educationist</i>. Bombay: Lok Vangmaya Griha. pp. 101–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+R.S.Subbalakshmi%2C+Social+Reformer+and+Educationist&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=101-105&rft.pub=Lok+Vangmaya+Griha&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ramanathan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan1989" class="citation book cs1">Ramanathan, Malathi (1989). <i>Sister R.S.Subbalakshmi, Social Reformer and Educationist</i>. Bombay: Lok Vangmaya Griha. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+R.S.Subbalakshmi%2C+Social+Reformer+and+Educationist&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Lok+Vangmaya+Griha&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ramanathan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Padma_Shri-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Padma_Shri_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearch" class="citation web cs1">Search, Padma Shri Awardee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php">"Padma Shri awardees list"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Shri+awardees+list&rft.aulast=Search&rft.aufirst=Padma+Shri+Awardee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fmyindia%2Fadvsearch_awards.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Photo-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Photo_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadma_Shri_Awardees" class="citation web cs1">Padma Shri Awardees, Photos of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photodivision.gov.in/IntroPhotodetails.asp?thisPage=1007">"Padma Shri Award photo"</a>. Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Shri+Award+photo&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft.aulast=Padma+Shri+Awardees&rft.aufirst=Photos+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotodivision.gov.in%2FIntroPhotodetails.asp%3FthisPage%3D1007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aparna_Basu-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aparna_Basu_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aparna_Basu_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2003" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Aparna Basu, Bharati (2003). <i>Women's struggle : a history of the All India Women's Conference, 1927–2002</i> (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Manohar. pp. 23, 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7304-476-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7304-476-2"><bdi>978-81-7304-476-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+struggle+%3A+a+history+of+the+All+India+Women%27s+Conference%2C+1927%E2%80%932002&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=23%2C+213&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Manohar&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7304-476-2&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Aparna+Basu%2C+Bharati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theosophist-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Theosophist_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesant2003" class="citation book cs1">Besant, Annie (2003). <i>Theosophist Magazine January 1927 – March 1927</i>. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 630–633.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theosophist+Magazine+January+1927+%E2%80%93+March+1927&rft.pages=630-633&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Besant&rft.aufirst=Annie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rappaport-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rappaport_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRappaport2001" class="citation book cs1">Rappaport, Helen (2001). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp"><i>Encyclopedia of women social reformers</i></a></span>. Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.]: ABC-CLIO. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediawome00rapp/page/n698">652</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-101-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-101-4"><bdi>978-1-57607-101-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+women+social+reformers&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=652&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-101-4&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediawome00rapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan1986" class="citation book cs1">Ramanathan, Malathi (1986). <i>Sister Subbalakshmi Sister Subbalakshmi Ammal Birth Centenary Souvenir</i>. Madras: Sarada Ladies Union.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+Subbalakshmi+Sister+Subbalakshmi+Ammal+Birth+Centenary+Souvenir&rft.place=Madras&rft.pub=Sarada+Ladies+Union&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Ramanathan&rft.aufirst=Malathi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rajaji-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rajaji_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajagopalachari1970" class="citation journal cs1">Rajagopalachari, C (1970). "Sahodari Subbalakshmi Sevai: Rajaji's Garland of Praise". <i>Sister Subbalakshmi Ammal First Commemorative Souvenir</i> (Madras Sarada Ladies Union).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sister+Subbalakshmi+Ammal+First+Commemorative+Souvenir&rft.atitle=Sahodari+Subbalakshmi+Sevai%3A+Rajaji%27s+Garland+of+Praise&rft.issue=Madras+Sarada+Ladies+Union&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Rajagopalachari&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarayanan1999" class="citation book cs1">Narayanan, Vasudha (1999). "Brimming with Bhakti, Embodiments of Shakti: Devotees, Deities, Performers, Reformers, and Other Women of Power in the Hindu Tradition". In Sharma, Arvind; Young, Katherine K. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fkay_WoTdHcC"><i>Feminism and World Religions</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4024-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4024-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-4024-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brimming+with+Bhakti%2C+Embodiments+of+Shakti%3A+Devotees%2C+Deities%2C+Performers%2C+Reformers%2C+and+Other+Women+of+Power+in+the+Hindu+Tradition&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+World+Religions&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4024-7&rft.aulast=Narayanan&rft.aufirst=Vasudha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFkay_WoTdHcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR.+S.+Subbalakshmi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:R._S._Subbalakshmi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:R. S. Subbalakshmi">R. S. Subbalakshmi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Social_Work" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Social_Work" title="Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Social_Work" title="Template talk:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Social_Work" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Social_Work" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in Social Work</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Clubwala_Jadhav" title="Mary Clubwala Jadhav">Mary Clubwala Jadhav</a> (1955)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. S. Subbalakshmi</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailabala_Das" title="Sailabala Das">Sailabala Das</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Singh_Jangpangi" title="Lakshman Singh Jangpangi">Lakshman Singh Jangpangi</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanabhai_Bhatt_(educationist)" title="Nanabhai Bhatt (educationist)">Nanabhai Bhatt</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bina_Das" title="Bina Das">Bina Das</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Wadia" title="Sophia Wadia">Sophia Wadia</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalabai_Hospet" title="Kamalabai Hospet">Kamalabai Hospet</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Ramaswami_Ayyar" title="N. Ramaswami Ayyar">N. Ramaswami Ayyar</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Krishna_Chandiwala" title="Brij Krishna Chandiwala">Brij Krishna Chandiwala</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Sumant_Moolgaokar" title="Leela Sumant Moolgaokar">Leela Sumant Moolgaokar</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Sumant_Moolgaokar" title="Leela Sumant Moolgaokar">Leela Sumant Moolgaokar</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambujammal" title="Ambujammal">Ambujammal</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Chandravati_Gupta" title="Mona Chandravati Gupta">Mona Chandravati Gupta</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Mazumdar" title="Lakshmi Mazumdar">Lakshmi Mazumdar</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordhandas_Bhagwandas_Narottamdas" title="Gordhandas Bhagwandas Narottamdas">Gordhandas Bhagwandas Narottamdas</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(Bishop_of_Car_Nicobar)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Richardson (Bishop of Car Nicobar)">John Richardson</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manibhai_Desai" title="Manibhai Desai">Manibhai Desai</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaurao_Gaikwad" title="Bhaurao Gaikwad">Bhaurao Gaikwad</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalini_Moghe" title="Shalini Moghe">Shalini Moghe</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sis_Ram_Ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sis Ram Ola">Sis Ram Ola</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh_Gupta" title="Kalyan Singh Gupta">Kalyan Singh Gupta</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangru_Ganu_Uikey" title="Mangru Ganu Uikey">Mangru Ganu Uikey</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indumati_Chimanlal_Sheth" title="Indumati Chimanlal Sheth">Indumati Chimanlal Sheth</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniben_Kara" title="Maniben Kara">Maniben Kara</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Banerjee" title="Robin Banerjee">Robin Banerjee</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Ramkumar_Bhargava" title="Lila Ramkumar Bhargava">Lila Ramkumar Bhargava</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savita_Behen" title="Savita Behen">Savita Behen</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Dharmaji_Jadhav" title="Pandurang Dharmaji Jadhav">Pandurang Dharmaji Jadhav</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudhvir_Singh" title="Yudhvir Singh">Yudhvir Singh</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avabai_Bomanji_Wadia" title="Avabai Bomanji Wadia">Avabai Bomanji Wadia</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badri_Prasad_Bajoria" title="Badri Prasad Bajoria">Badri Prasad Bajoria</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanta_Saroop_Krishen" title="Kanta Saroop Krishen">Kanta Saroop Krishen</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyyanki_Venkata_Ramanayya" title="Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya">Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandraprabha_Saikiani" title="Chandraprabha Saikiani">Chandraprabha Saikiani</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Varadappan" title="Sarojini Varadappan">Sarojini Varadappan</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenie_H._C._Captain" title="Queenie H. C. Captain">Queenie H. C. Captain</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Kijungluba_Ao" title="L. Kijungluba Ao">L. Kijungluba Ao</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishambhar_Nath_Pande" title="Bishambhar Nath Pande">Bishambhar Nath Pande</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Ahmed_Cachalia" title="Ismail Ahmed Cachalia">Ismail Ahmed Cachalia</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhani_Prem" title="Dhani Prem">Dhani Prem</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh_Negi" title="Kunwar Singh Negi">Kunwar Singh Negi</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Puran_Singh" title="Bhagat Puran Singh">Bhagat Puran Singh</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Vellut" title="Claire Vellut">Claire Vellut</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kalyandev" title="Swami Kalyandev">Swami Kalyandev</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Dutt_Upadhyaya" title="Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya">Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._P._Nachimuthu" title="M. P. Nachimuthu">M. P. Nachimuthu</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omem_Moyong_Deori" title="Omem Moyong Deori">Omem Moyong Deori</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainulabedin_Gulamhusain_Rangoonwala" title="Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala">Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Bhatt" title="Ela Bhatt">Ela Bhatt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnappa_Kumbhar" title="Ratnappa Kumbhar">Ratnappa Kumbhar</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anutai_Wagh" title="Anutai Wagh">Anutai Wagh</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Prasad_Bhatt" title="Chandi Prasad Bhatt">Chandi Prasad Bhatt</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishan_Dev_Dewan" title="Krishan Dev Dewan">Krishan Dev Dewan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Kanjilal" title="Tushar Kanjilal">Tushar Kanjilal</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avdhash_Kaushal" title="Avdhash Kaushal">Avdhash Kaushal</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Singh_Manaklao" title="Narayan Singh Manaklao">Narayan Singh Manaklao</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Roy" title="Bunker Roy">Bunker Roy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Zaffar_Ali" title="Begum Zaffar Ali">Begum Zaffar Ali</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Arunachalam" title="Jaya Arunachalam">Jaya Arunachalam</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darshan_Singh_Vohra" title="Darshan Singh Vohra">Darshan Singh Vohra</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithu_Alur" title="Mithu Alur">Mithu Alur</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaratnam_Appakutti" title="Vedaratnam Appakutti">Vedaratnam Appakutti</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajmohini_Devi" title="Rajmohini Devi">Rajmohini Devi</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnammal_Jagannathan" title="Krishnammal Jagannathan">Krishnammal Jagannathan</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mag_Raj_Jain" title="Mag Raj Jain">Mag Raj Jain</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kutchat" title="Edward Kutchat">Edward Kutchat</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Hazare" title="Anna Hazare">Anna Hazare</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renana_Jhabvala" title="Renana Jhabvala">Renana Jhabvala</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverine_Swer" title="Silverine Swer">Silverine Swer</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverine_Swer" title="Silverine Swer">Silverine Swer</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimla_Dang" title="Vimla Dang">Vimla Dang</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._G._K._Menon" title="T. G. K. Menon">T. G. K. Menon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Kashibhai_Patel" title="Jagdish Kashibhai Patel">Jagdish Kashibhai Patel</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Y._Patil" title="D. Y. Patil">D. Y. Patil</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaram_Ramakrishnan_(social_activist)" title="Sundaram Ramakrishnan (social activist)">Sundaram Ramakrishnan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantilal_Hastimal_Sancheti" title="Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti">Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanthi_Ranganathan" title="Shanthi Ranganathan">Shanthi Ranganathan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaben_Shah" title="Vidyaben Shah">Vidyaben Shah</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonarda_Angela_Casiraghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonarda Angela Casiraghi">Leonarda Angela Casiraghi</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Padiyara" title="Antony Padiyara">Antony Padiyara</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Sinha" title="Shantha Sinha">Shantha Sinha</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanta_Tyagi" title="Kanta Tyagi">Kanta Tyagi</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Ramamurti" title="Acharya Ramamurti">Acharya Ramamurti</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Sailo" title="T. Sailo">T. Sailo</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natwar_Thakkar" title="Natwar Thakkar">Natwar Thakkar</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neidonuo_Angami" title="Neidonuo Angami">Neidonuo Angami</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagan_Nath_Kaul" title="Jagan Nath Kaul">Jagan Nath Kaul</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mukhim" title="Patricia Mukhim">Patricia Mukhim</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaky_Athi_Nahappan" title="Janaky Athi Nahappan">Janaky Athi Nahappan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumappa_Sudarshan" title="Hanumappa Sudarshan">Hanumappa Sudarshan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nath_Upadhyay" title="Rabindra Nath Upadhyay">Rabindra Nath Upadhyay</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulasi_Munda" title="Tulasi Munda">Tulasi Munda</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Alvares" title="Norma Alvares">Norma Alvares</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Amte" title="Prakash Amte">Prakash Amte</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Martin" title="Kiran Martin">Kiran Martin</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prema_Narendra_Purao" title="Prema Narendra Purao">Prema Narendra Purao</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Rajaram" title="Sivananda Rajaram">Sivananda Rajaram</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verna_Elizabeth_Watre_Ingty" title="Verna Elizabeth Watre Ingty">Verna Elizabeth Watre Ingty</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenie_Rynjah" title="Queenie Rynjah">Queenie Rynjah</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hema_Bharali" title="Hema Bharali">Hema Bharali</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Chudasama" title="Nana Chudasama">Nana Chudasama</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalsawma" title="Lalsawma">Lalsawma</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theilin_Phanbuh" title="Theilin Phanbuh">Theilin Phanbuh</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Staines" title="Gladys Staines">Gladys Staines</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwalal_Bafna" title="Suwalal Bafna">Suwalal Bafna</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Prakash_Joshi" title="Anil Prakash Joshi">Anil Prakash Joshi</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudha_Murty" title="Sudha Murty">Sudha Murty</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudha_Varghese" title="Sudha Varghese">Sudha Varghese</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melhupra_Vero" class="mw-redirect" title="Melhupra Vero">Melhupra Vero</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runa_Banerjee" title="Runa Banerjee">Runa Banerjee</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Cyril" title="S. M. Cyril">S. M. Cyril</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._Yusuff_Ali" title="M. A. Yusuff Ali">M. A. Yusuff Ali</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheela_Borthakur" title="Sheela Borthakur">Sheela Borthakur</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuna_Mary_Braganza" title="Karuna Mary Braganza">Karuna Mary Braganza</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Gowrishankar" title="V. R. Gowrishankar">V. R. Gowrishankar</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshama_Metre" title="Kshama Metre">Kshama Metre</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutikuppala_Surya_Rao" title="Kutikuppala Surya Rao">Kutikuppala Surya Rao</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Sabharwal" title="Madan Mohan Sabharwal">Madan Mohan Sabharwal</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramjit_Singh_Sahney" title="Vikramjit Singh Sahney">Vikramjit Singh Sahney</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilkees_Latif" title="Bilkees Latif">Bilkees Latif</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepu_Tsering_Lepcha" title="Keepu Tsering Lepcha">Keepu Tsering Lepcha</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Menon" title="C. K. Menon">C. K. Menon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Pereira" title="Joseph H. Pereira">Joseph H. Pereira</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Kanti_Roy" title="Sunil Kanti Roy">Sunil Kanti Roy</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitraniketan_Viswanathan" title="Mitraniketan Viswanathan">Mitraniketan Viswanathan</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anu_Aga" title="Anu Aga">Anu Aga</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Gangaramani" title="J. R. Gangaramani">J. R. Gangaramani</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Joshi" title="Deep Joshi">Deep Joshi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudha_Kaul" title="Sudha Kaul">Sudha Kaul</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayekpam_Tomba_Meetei" title="Ayekpam Tomba Meetei">Ayekpam Tomba Meetei</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurian_John_Melamparambil" title="Kurian John Melamparambil">Kurian John Melamparambil</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_M._Parikh" title="Sudhir M. Parikh">Sudhir M. Parikh</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kranti_Shah" title="Kranti Shah">Kranti Shah</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Sewa_Singh" title="Baba Sewa Singh">Baba Sewa Singh</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamraj_Agrawal" title="Mamraj Agrawal">Mamraj Agrawal</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockin_Arputham" title="Jockin Arputham">Jockin Arputham</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomita_Chandy" title="Nomita Chandy">Nomita Chandy</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Chen" title="Martha Chen">Martha Chen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Moopen" title="Azad Moopen">Azad Moopen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheela_Patel" title="Sheela Patel">Sheela Patel</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Reddy" title="Anita Reddy">Anita Reddy</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanubhai_Hasmukhbhai_Tailor" title="Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor">Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshad_Begum_(social_worker)" title="Shamshad Begum (social worker)">Shamshad Begum</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeta_Devi" title="Reeta Devi">Reeta Devi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Gopal" title="P. K. Gopal">P. K. Gopal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Muniratnam" title="G. Muniratnam">G. Muniratnam</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Pranshankar_Pandya" title="Niranjan Pranshankar Pandya">Niranjan Pranshankar Pandya</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Tuli" title="Uma Tuli">Uma Tuli</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Varma" title="S. P. Varma">S. P. Varma</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoolbasan_Bai_Yadav" title="Phoolbasan Bai Yadav">Phoolbasan Bai Yadav</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binny_Yanga" title="Binny Yanga">Binny Yanga</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharna_Dhara_Chowdhury" title="Jharna Dhara Chowdhury">Jharna Dhara Chowdhury</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._M._Maeilanandhan" title="S. K. M. Maeilanandhan">S. K. M. Maeilanandhan</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileema_Mishra" title="Nileema Mishra">Nileema Mishra</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reema_Nanavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Reema Nanavati">Reema Nanavati</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manju_Bharat_Ram" title="Manju Bharat Ram">Manju Bharat Ram</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Dabholkar" title="Narendra Dabholkar">Narendra Dabholkar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukul_Chandra_Goswami" title="Mukul Chandra Goswami">Mukul Chandra Goswami</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Jain" title="Durga Jain">Durga Jain</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Kaul" title="J. L. Kaul">J. L. Kaul</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathur_Savani" title="Mathur Savani">Mathur Savani</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Bhagat" title="Ashok Bhagat">Ashok Bhagat</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janak_Palta_McGilligan" title="Janak Palta McGilligan">Janak Palta McGilligan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meetha_Lal_Mehta" title="Meetha Lal Mehta">Meetha Lal Mehta</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Raj_Mehta" title="Veerendra Raj Mehta">Veerendra Raj Mehta</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimla_Poddar" title="Bimla Poddar">Bimla Poddar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Herman_de_Blic" title="Madeleine Herman de Blic">Madeleine Herman de Blic</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Pandit_Dasa" title="Madhu Pandit Dasa">Madhu Pandit Dasa</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Kumar_Dutta" title="Ajoy Kumar Dutta">Ajoy Kumar Dutta</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damal_Kandalai_Srinivasan" title="Damal Kandalai Srinivasan">Damal Kandalai Srinivasan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitha_Krishnan" title="Sunitha Krishnan">Sunitha Krishnan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Menon" title="Sundar Menon">Sundar Menon</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachalam_Muruganantham" title="Arunachalam Muruganantham">Arunachalam Muruganantham</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Gopinathan_Nair" title="P. Gopinathan Nair">P. Gopinathan Nair</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudharak_Olwe" title="Sudharak Olwe">Sudharak Olwe</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Bharadwaj" title="Girish Bharadwaj">Girish Bharadwaj</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appasaheb_Dharmadhikari" title="Appasaheb Dharmadhikari">Appasaheb Dharmadhikari</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Ganatra" title="Bipin Ganatra">Bipin Ganatra</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimul_Haque" title="Karimul Haque">Karimul Haque</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuradha_Koirala" title="Anuradha Koirala">Anuradha Koirala</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhas_Vitthal_Mapuskar" title="Suhas Vitthal Mapuskar">Suhas Vitthal Mapuskar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daripalli_Ramaiah" title="Daripalli Ramaiah">Daripalli Ramaiah</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbir_Singh_Seechewal" title="Balbir Singh Seechewal">Balbir Singh Seechewal</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_Ganesh_Bapat" title="Damodar Ganesh Bapat">Damodar Ganesh Bapat</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitavva_Joddati" title="Sitavva Joddati">Sitavva Joddati</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhasini_Mistry" title="Subhasini Mistry">Subhasini Mistry</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulagitti_Narasamma" title="Sulagitti Narasamma">Sulagitti Narasamma</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Bin_Othman" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Bin Othman">Abdullah Bin Othman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampat_Ramteke" title="Sampat Ramteke">Sampat Ramteke</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Ghimiray" title="Draupadi Ghimiray">Draupadi Ghimiray</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulu_Imam" title="Bulu Imam">Bulu Imam</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friederike_Irina_Bruning" title="Friederike Irina Bruning">Friederike Irina Bruning</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinna_Pillai" title="Chinna Pillai">Chinna Pillai</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Sayyad" title="Shabbir Sayyad">Shabbir Sayyad</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Kumar_Sinha" title="Jyoti Kumar Sinha">Jyoti Kumar Sinha</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saalumarada_Thimmakka" title="Saalumarada Thimmakka">Saalumarada Thimmakka</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamuna_Tudu" title="Jamuna Tudu">Jamuna Tudu</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktaben_Pankajkumar_Dagli" title="Muktaben Pankajkumar Dagli">Muktaben Pankajkumar Dagli</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Lal_Ahuja" title="Jagdish Lal Ahuja">Jagdish Lal Ahuja</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popatrao_Baguji_Pawar" title="Popatrao Baguji Pawar">Popatrao Baguji Pawar</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Chaumar" title="Usha Chaumar">Usha Chaumar</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lia_Diskin" title="Lia Diskin">Lia Diskin</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangkhumi_Bualchhuak" title="Sangkhumi Bualchhuak">Sangkhumi Bualchhuak</a> (2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gowda" title="Tulsi Gowda">Tulsi Gowda</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harekala_Hajabba" title="Harekala Hajabba">Harekala Hajabba</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Nakamura" title="Tetsu Nakamura">Tetsu Nakamura</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Ramakrishnan_(activist)" title="S. Ramakrishnan (activist)">S. Ramakrishnan</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Mehboob_Shah_Qadri" title="Sayed Mehboob Shah Qadri">Sayed Mehboob Shah Qadri</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Sharif_(social_worker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Sharif (social worker)">Mohammed Sharif</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramjee_Singh" title="Ramjee Singh">Ramjee Singh</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Indra_Udayana" title="Agus Indra Udayana">Agus Indra Udayana</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaram_Verma" title="Sundaram Verma">Sundaram Verma</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhutai_Sapkal" title="Sindhutai Sapkal">Sindhutai Sapkal</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Prabhune" title="Girish Prabhune">Girish Prabhune</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhaben_Shah" title="Prabhaben Shah">Prabhaben Shah</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savji_Dholakia" title="Savji Dholakia">Savaji Bhai Dholakia</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamit_Ramilaben_Raysingbhai" title="Gamit Ramilaben Raysingbhai">Gamit Ramilaben Raysingbhai</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Gandhi" title="Om Prakash Gandhi">Om Prakash Gandhi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K_V_Rabiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K V Rabiya (page does not exist)">K V Rabiya</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Balia" title="Baba Balia">Srimad Baba Balia</a> (2022)</li> <li>Prem Singh (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baba_Iqbal_Singh_Ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baba Iqbal Singh Ji (page does not exist)">Baba Iqbal Singh Ji</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Damodaran_(social_worker)" title="S Damodaran (social worker)">S Damodaran</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Devi" title="Basanti Devi">Basanti Devi</a> (2022)</li> <li>Bhiku Ramji Idate (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Bahadur_Jamatia" title="Bikram Bahadur Jamatia">Bikram Bahadur Jamatia</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramkuiwangbe_Jeme_Newme" title="Ramkuiwangbe Jeme Newme">Ramkuiwangbe Jeme Newme</a> (2023)</li> <li>Hirabai Lobi (2023)</li> <li>Moolchand Lodha (2023)</li> <li>Gajanan Jagannath Mane (2023)</li> <li>Uma Shankar Pandey (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Appukutta_Poduval" title="V. P. Appukutta Poduval">V. P. Appukutta Poduval</a> (2023)</li> <li>Vadivel Gopal and Masi Sadaiyan (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankurathri_Foundation" title="Sankurathri Foundation">Sankurathri Chandra Sekhar</a> (2023)</li> <li>Laxman Singh (2023)</li> <li>Palam Kalyana Sundaram (2023)</li> <li>Karma Wangchu (Posthumous) (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangthankima" title="Sangthankima">Sangthankima</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7273976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7273976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7273976#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000029206353">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52788561">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/293462/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmhMFcjV6vY6gKTxCdWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130176028">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89119478">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007445330205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083712828">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&oldid=1253737514">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&oldid=1253737514</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_women_activists" title="Category:Indian women activists">Indian women activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_women_educational_theorists" title="Category:Indian women educational theorists">Indian women educational theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Padma_Shri_in_social_work" title="Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work">Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1886_births" title="Category:1886 births">1886 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1969_deaths" title="Category:1969 deaths">1969 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidency_College,_Chennai_alumni" title="Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni">Presidency College, Chennai alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_social_reformers" title="Category:Indian social reformers">Indian social reformers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Madras_alumni" title="Category:University of Madras alumni">University of Madras alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tamil_scholars" title="Category:Tamil scholars">Tamil scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Indian_women_educators" title="Category:19th-century Indian women educators">19th-century Indian women educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Indian_people" title="Category:19th-century Indian people">19th-century Indian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_politicians" title="Category:20th-century Indian politicians">20th-century Indian politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scholars_from_Chennai" title="Category:Scholars from Chennai">Scholars from Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Tamil_people" title="Category:Indian Tamil people">Indian Tamil people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_in_Tamil_Nadu_politics" title="Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics">Women in Tamil Nadu politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_education_in_India" title="Category:Women's education in India">Women's education in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_educational_theorists" title="Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists">20th-century Indian educational theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientists_from_Tamil_Nadu" title="Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu">Scientists from Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_women_scientists" title="Category:20th-century Indian women scientists">20th-century Indian women scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_scientists_from_Tamil_Nadu" title="Category:Women scientists from Tamil Nadu">Women scientists from Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_unionists_from_Tamil_Nadu" title="Category:Trade unionists from Tamil Nadu">Trade unionists from Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_women_trade_unionists" title="Category:Indian women trade unionists">Indian women trade unionists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_women_politicians" title="Category:20th-century Indian women politicians">20th-century Indian women politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Chennai" title="Category:Politicians from Chennai">Politicians from Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_educators_from_Tamil_Nadu" title="Category:Women educators from Tamil Nadu">Women educators from Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Educators_from_Tamil_Nadu" title="Category:Educators from Tamil Nadu">Educators from Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_educators" title="Category:20th-century Indian educators">20th-century Indian educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_women_educators" title="Category:20th-century Indian women educators">20th-century Indian women educators</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_September_2014" title="Category:EngvarB from September 2014">EngvarB from September 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2014">Use dmy dates from September 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 16:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._S._Subbalakshmi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-55zsq","wgBackendResponseTime":246,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.537","walltime":"0.772","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3207,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":76985,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3128,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":82401,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 662.265 1 -total"," 26.25% 173.812 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.77% 170.677 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 15.34% 101.622 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.06% 93.143 5 Template:Cite_web"," 12.43% 82.297 1 Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Social_Work"," 11.80% 78.177 1 Template:Navbox"," 8.83% 58.458 19 Template:Main_other"," 8.51% 56.355 14 Template:Cite_book"," 7.97% 52.805 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.326","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7873529,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-9kh4q","timestamp":"20241123001639","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"R. S. Subbalakshmi","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R._S._Subbalakshmi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7273976","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7273976","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-04-08T03:16:00Z","dateModified":"2024-10-27T16:28:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b2\/Sister_Subbalakshmi_with_some_ladies_of_Madras.jpg","headline":"Indian social activist"}</script> </body> </html>