Urbanization and Income Inequality in Thailand

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Urbanization and Income Inequality in Thailand</title> <meta name="description" content="Urbanization and Income Inequality in Thailand"> <meta name="keywords" content="Income inequality, nighttime light, population density, Thailand, urbanization."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Urbanization and Income Inequality in Thailand"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Acumsiri Tantiakrnpanit"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/05/14"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="18"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="5"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="263"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="269"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/pdf"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" 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provinces collected from Thailand’s National Statistical Office (Labor Force Survey: LFS), as well as geospatial data from the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night band (VIIRS-DNB) satellite for 19 selected years. This paper employs two different definitions to identify urban areas: 1) Urban areas defined by Thailand's National Statistical Office (LFS), and 2) Urban areas estimated using nighttime light data from the DMSP and VIIRS-DNB satellite. The second method includes two sub-categories: 2.1) Determining urban areas by calculating nighttime light density with a population density of 300 people per square kilometer, and 2.2) Calculating urban areas based on nighttime light density corresponding to a population density of 1,500 people per square kilometer. The empirical analysis based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), fixed effects, and random effects models reveals a consistent U-shaped relationship between income inequality and urbanization. The findings from the econometric analysis demonstrate that urbanization or population density has a significant and negative impact on income inequality. Moreover, the square of urbanization shows a statistically significant positive impact on income inequality. Additionally, there is a negative association between logarithmically transformed income and income inequality. This paper also proposes the inclusion of satellite imagery, geospatial data, and spatial econometric techniques in future studies to conduct quantitative analysis of spatial relationships.</p> <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/10013647.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Income%20inequality" title="Income inequality">Income inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nighttime%20light" title=" nighttime light"> nighttime light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=population%20density" title=" population density"> population density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=urbanization." title=" urbanization."> urbanization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/urbanization-and-income-inequality-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> <p class="card-text"><strong>References:</strong></p> <br>[1] Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2018). Urbanization. Our world in data. <br>[2] Wan, G., Zhang, X., & Zhao, M. (2022). Urbanization can help reduce income inequality. npj Urban Sustainability, 2(1), 1-8. <br>[3] Paweenawat, S. W., & McNown, R. (2014). The determinants of income inequality in Thailand: A synthetic cohort analysis. Journal of Asian Economics, 31, 10-21. <br>[4] Chen, G., Glasmeier, A. K., Zhang, M., & Shao, Y. (2016). Urbanization and income inequality in post-reform China: a causal analysis based on time series data. PloS one, 11(7), e0158826. <br>[5] Sulemana, I., Nketiah-Amponsah, E., Codjoe, E. A., & Andoh, J. A. N. (2019). Urbanization and income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable Cities and Society, 48, 101544. <br>[6] Shutters, S. T., Applegate, J. M., Wentz, E., & Batty, M. (2022). Urbanization favors high wage earners. npj Urban Sustainability, 2(1), 1-5. <br>[7] Kanbur, R., & Zhuang, J. (2013). Urbanization and inequality in Asia. Asian Development Review, 30(1), 131-147. <br>[8] Yuan, Y., Wang, M., Zhu, Y., Huang, X., & Xiong, X. (2020). Urbanization’s effects on the urban-rural income gap in China: A meta-regression analysis. Land Use Policy, 99, 104995. <br>[9] Ha, N. M., Dang Le, N., & Trung-Kien, P. (2021). The impact of urbanization on poverty reduction: An evidence from Vietnam. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1), 1918838. <br>[10] Wu, D., & Rao, P. (2017). Urbanization and income inequality in China: An empirical investigation at provincial level. Social Indicators Research, 131(1), 189-214. <br>[11] Wooldridge, J. M. (2015). Introductory econometrics: A modern approach. 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Urbanization and Income Inequality in Thailand