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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-F135-PW-600" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#F135-PW-600"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>F135-PW-600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-F135-PW-600-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_characteristics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_characteristics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>General characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_characteristics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Components_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B5" title="پرت اند ویتنی اف۱۳۵ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرت اند ویتنی اف۱۳۵" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AB_%26_%ED%9C%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%8B%88_F135" title="프랫 & 휘트니 F135 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랫 & 휘트니 F135" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC_F135" title="プラット・アンド・ホイットニー F135 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラット・アンド・ホイットニー F135" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135" title="Pratt & Whitney F135 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pratt & Whitney F135" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/F135%E6%B8%A6%E8%BC%AA%E6%89%87%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="F135渦輪扇發動機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="F135渦輪扇發動機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Afterburning turbofan aircraft engine</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%;">F135 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdd_f135_018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sdd_f135_018.jpg/300px-Sdd_f135_018.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sdd_f135_018.jpg/450px-Sdd_f135_018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Sdd_f135_018.jpg/600px-Sdd_f135_018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1128" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">F135 engine during the JSF System Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase </td></tr> <tr> <th>Type </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">Turbofan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">National origin</span> </th> <td>United States </td></tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Major applications</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Developed from</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">Pratt & Whitney F119</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pratt & Whitney F135</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Afterburner_(engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afterburner (engine)">afterburning</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> developed for the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a>, a single-engine strike fighter. It has two variants; a Conventional Take-Off and Landing (<a href="/wiki/CTOL" title="CTOL">CTOL</a>) variant used in the F-35A and F-35C, and a two-cycle Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (<a href="/wiki/STOVL" title="STOVL">STOVL</a>) variant used in the F-35B that includes a forward <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_LiftSystem" title="Rolls-Royce LiftSystem">lift fan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first production engines were delivered in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Developed from the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">Pratt & Whitney F119</a> engine used on the <a href="/wiki/F-22_Raptor" class="mw-redirect" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a>, the F135 produces around 28,000 lbf (125 kN) of thrust and 43,000 lbf (191 kN) with afterburner.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-F135engine.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F135engine.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The F135 competed with the <a href="/wiki/General_Electric/Rolls-Royce_F136" title="General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136">General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136</a> to power the F-35. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The F135 originated with <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Skunk_Works" title="Skunk Works">Skunk Works</a>, with efforts to develop a stealthy STOVL strike fighter for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> under a 1986 <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> project under the auspices of the Advanced STOVL (ASTOVL) program, an early progenitor of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_program" title="Joint Strike Fighter program">Joint Strike Fighter</a> (JSF) that resulted in the F-35. Lockheed engineer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bevilaqua" title="Paul Bevilaqua">Paul Bevilaqua</a> developed and eventually patented a concept aircraft and a propulsion system called the Shaft-Driven <a href="/wiki/Lift_fan" title="Lift fan">Lift Fan</a> (SDLF), and then turned to Pratt & Whitney (P&W) to build a demonstrator engine.<sup id="cite_ref-LiftFanPatent1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiftFanPatent1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground test demonstrator used the first stage fan from a F119 engine for the lift fan. The engine fan and core from the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">F100-PW-220</a> were used for the core of the demonstrator engine, and the larger low-pressure turbine from the F100-PW-229 was used for the low-pressure turbine of the demonstrator engine. The larger turbine was used to provide the additional power required to operate the lift fan through the low-pressure spool shaft, which would be engaged by a clutch in STOVL mode. Finally, a variable thrust deflecting nozzle was added to complete the "F100-229-<i>Plus</i>" demonstrator engine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ground demonstrator engine proved the shaft-driven lift fan concept and led to the development of the eventual JSF engine.<sup id="cite_ref-JPP_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ASTOVL continued under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Affordable_Lightweight_Fighter" title="Common Affordable Lightweight Fighter">Common Affordable Lightweight Fighter</a> (CALF) program in 1993 before eventually being merged into the Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST), which was renamed JSF in 1995; under the JSF program, contracts for flightworthy concept demonstrator aircraft were awarded in 1996 to Lockheed Martin and Boeing for the air vehicle designs and P&W for the initial propulsion system.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P&W developed the JSF engine from their <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">F119</a> turbofan, which powers the <a href="/wiki/F-22_Raptor" class="mw-redirect" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a>, as the "F119-JSF". A flightworthy prototype system that incorporated the shaft-driven lift fan, designated "YF119-PW-611", was tested on the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">Lockheed Martin X-35</a> concept demonstrator aircraft and first flew in 2000. P&W also made another prototype, the "YF119-PW-614", for the competing <a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-32" title="Boeing X-32">Boeing X-32</a> which had direct lift system. In flight tests, the X-35B was able to demonstrate STOVL by taking off in 500 ft (150 m), then flew supersonic before landing vertically.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The X-35 concept beat the X-32 for the JSF competition and the YF119-611 would form the basis for the F135, which integrates the F119 core with new components optimized for the JSF.<sup id="cite_ref-Connors_171_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connors_171-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engine_of_F-35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Engine_of_F-35.jpg/220px-Engine_of_F-35.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Engine_of_F-35.jpg/330px-Engine_of_F-35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Engine_of_F-35.jpg/440px-Engine_of_F-35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3690" data-file-height="2470" /></a><figcaption>The F135-PW-600 engine mockup with <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_LiftSystem" title="Rolls-Royce LiftSystem">lift fan</a>, roll posts, and rear vectoring nozzle, as designed for the <a href="/wiki/F-35_Lightning_II#F-35B" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35 Lightning II">F-35B V/STOL</a> variant, at the Paris Air Show, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The F135 team is made up of <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce plc">Rolls-Royce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Sundstrand" title="Hamilton Sundstrand">Hamilton Sundstrand</a>. Pratt & Whitney is the prime contractor for the main engine, and systems integration. Rolls-Royce is responsible for the vertical lift system for the STOVL aircraft. Hamilton Sundstrand is responsible for the electronic engine control system, actuation system, PMAG, gearbox, and health monitoring systems. <a href="/wiki/Woodward,_Inc." title="Woodward, Inc.">Woodward, Inc.</a> is responsible for the fuel system. The F135 is assembled at a plant in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Connecticut" title="Middletown, Connecticut">Middletown, Connecticut</a>. Some parts of the engine are made in <a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a>, Quebec, Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first production propulsion system for operational service was scheduled for delivery in 2007 with the purpose of serving the U.S., UK, and other international customers. The initial F-35s went into production with the F135 engines, but the <a href="/wiki/GE_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="GE Aviation">GE</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce plc">Rolls-Royce</a> team planned to develop a replacement <a href="/wiki/General_Electric/Rolls-Royce_F136" title="General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136">F136</a> engine in July 2009. In 2010, the Pentagon planned for the two propulsion systems to be competitively tendered. However, since 2006 the Defense Department has not requested funding for the alternate F136 engine program, but Congress has maintained program funding.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg/220px-Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg/330px-Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg/440px-Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135_-_140925-F-RS654-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3282" data-file-height="2291" /></a><figcaption>An F135-PW-100 powerplant being tested at <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Engineering_Development_Complex" title="Arnold Engineering Development Complex">AEDC</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2009, P&W developed a more durable version of the F135 engine to increase the service life of key parts. The life expectancy of the parts was reduced because the hot sections of the engine (combustor and high-pressure turbine blades specifically) ran hotter than expected. The test engine is designated <i>XTE68/LF1</i>, and testing is expected to begin in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Jane_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This redesign has caused "substantial cost growth".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>P&W expected to deliver the F135 below the cost of the F119, even though it was a more powerful engine.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in February 2013 a cracked turbine blade was found during a scheduled inspection. The crack was caused by operating at high turbine temperatures for longer periods than usual.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2013 the hollow first stage fan <a href="/wiki/Blisk" title="Blisk">blisk</a> failed at 77% of its expected life during a ground test. It was to be replaced by a solid part adding 6 lb (2.7 kg) in weight.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, a former P&W employee was caught attempting to ship "numerous boxes" of sensitive information about the F135 to Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the troubles, the 100th engine was delivered in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LRIP-6 was agreed in 2013 for $1.1 billion for 38 engines of various types, which helped to decrease the unit cost.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Air Force Lt. Gen. Christopher C. Bogdan, the executive officer of the F-35 program, has called out P&W for falling short on manufacturing quality of the engines and slow deliveries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His deputy director Rear Admiral Randy Mahr said that P&W stopped their cost-cutting efforts after "they got the monopoly".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 the price of the F135 increased by $4.3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2014, Pratt & Whitney discovered conflicting documentation about the origin of titanium material used in some of its engines, including the F135. The company assessed that the uncertainty did not pose a risk to safety of flight but suspended engine deliveries as a result. Bogdan supported P&W's actions and said the problem was now with A&P Alloys, the supplier. The US Defense Contract Management Agency wrote in June 2014 that Pratt & Whitney's "continued poor management of suppliers is a primary driver for the increased potential problem notifications." A&P Alloys stated that they stood behind their product even though they were not given access to the parts to do their own testing. Tracy Miner, an attorney with Boston-based Demeo LLP representing A&P Alloys said, "it is blatantly unfair to destroy A&P’s business without allowing A&P access to the materials in question"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Capaccio29Aug14_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capaccio29Aug14-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2014 there was an uncontained failure of a fan rotor while the aircraft was preparing for take-off. The parts passed through a fuel tank and caused a fire, grounding the F-35 fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">high g-force</a> maneuvering three weeks before the flight, flexing of the engine caused excessive rubbing at the seal between the fan blisk and the fan stator initiating the impending failure. The rub caused a temperature of over 1,000 °C (1,900 °F), well beyond the material limit of 540 °C (1,000 °F). Micro cracks appeared in third-stage fan blades, according to program manager Christopher Bogdan, causing blades to separate from the disk. The failed blades punctured a fuel tank and hot air mixing with fuel caused the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McGarry15Sep14_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGarry15Sep14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a short term fix, each aircraft is flown on a specific flight profile to allow the rotor seal to wear a mating groove in the stator to prevent excessive rubbing.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt & Whitney managed to meet their 2015 production goals, but "recurring manufacturing quality issues" in turbine blades and electronic control systems required engines to be pulled from the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jet_engine_F135(STOVL_variant)%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jet_engine_F135%28STOVL_variant%29%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG/220px-Jet_engine_F135%28STOVL_variant%29%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jet_engine_F135%28STOVL_variant%29%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG/330px-Jet_engine_F135%28STOVL_variant%29%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Jet_engine_F135%28STOVL_variant%29%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG/440px-Jet_engine_F135%28STOVL_variant%29%27s_thrust_vectoring_nozzle_N.PNG 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Thrust vectoring nozzle of the F135-PW-600 <a href="/wiki/STOVL" title="STOVL">STOVL</a> variant</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiftThrust-small1.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/LiftThrust-small1.PNG/220px-LiftThrust-small1.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/LiftThrust-small1.PNG/330px-LiftThrust-small1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/LiftThrust-small1.PNG/440px-LiftThrust-small1.PNG 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of <a href="/wiki/F-35_Lightning_II#F-35B" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35 Lightning II">F-35B</a> and smaller <a href="/wiki/Powered_lift" title="Powered lift">powered lift</a> aircraft</figcaption></figure> <p>Derived from the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">F119</a> engine, the F135 is a mixed-flow afterburning turbofan utilizing a similar core as the F119 with a new fan and LP turbine.<sup id="cite_ref-codeoneA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-codeoneA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two F135 variants: the -100 and the -600 versions.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A -400 version is mentioned, similar to the -100, the main difference being the use of salt-corrosion resistant materials.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jane's_Aero_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane's_Aero-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The -600 is described below with an explanation of the engine configuration changes that take place for hovering. The engine and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_LiftSystem" title="Rolls-Royce LiftSystem">Rolls-Royce LiftSystem</a> make up the Integrated Lift Fan Propulsion System (ILFPS).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vertical thrust for the STOVL version is obtained from a two-stage lift fan (about 46%<sup id="cite_ref-utc_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in front of the engine, a vectoring exhaust nozzle (about 46%<sup id="cite_ref-utc_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and a nozzle in each wing using fan air from the bypass duct (about 8%<sup id="cite_ref-utc_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). These contributions to the total lift are based on thrust values of 18,680 lbf (83.1 kN), 18,680 lbf (83.1 kN) and 3,290 lbf (14.6 kN) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-utc_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another source gives thrust values of 20,000 lbf (89 kN), 18,000 lbf (80 kN), and 3,900 lbf (17 kN) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this configuration most of the bypass flow is ducted to the wing nozzles, known as roll posts. Some is used for cooling the rear exhaust nozzle, known as the 3-bearing swivel duct nozzle (3BSD).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time an auxiliary inlet is opened on top of the aircraft to provide additional air to the engine with low distortion during the hover.<sup id="cite_ref-codeoneA_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-codeoneA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The low pressure (LP) turbine drives the lift fan through a shaft extension on the front of the LP rotor and a clutch. The engine operates as a separate flow turbofan with a higher bypass ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-bevilaqua_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevilaqua-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The power to drive the fan—about 30,000 shp (22,000 kW)<sup id="cite_ref-bevilaqua_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevilaqua-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—is obtained from the LP turbine by increasing the hot nozzle area.<sup id="cite_ref-bevilaqua_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevilaqua-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A higher bypass ratio increases the thrust for the same engine power as a fundamental consequence of transferring power from a small diameter propelling jet to a larger diameter one.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the F135 is providing vertical lift using the increased bypass ratio from the lift fan, the thrust augmentation is 50%<sup id="cite_ref-utc_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with no increase in fuel flow. Thrust augmentation is 52%<sup id="cite_ref-utc_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in conventional flight when using the afterburner, but with a large increase in fuel flow. </p><p>The transfer of approximately <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-bevilaqua2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevilaqua2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the power available for hot nozzle thrust to the lift fan reduces the temperature and velocity of the rear lift jet impinging on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-bevilaqua2_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevilaqua2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The F-35 can achieve a limited 100% throttle cruise without afterburners of Mach 1.2 for 150 miles (240 km; 130 nmi).<sup id="cite_ref-tirace_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tirace-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the F119, the F135 has a stealthy augmentor where traditional spray bars and flameholders are replaced by thick curved vanes coated with ceramic <a href="/wiki/Radar-absorbent_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar-absorbent material">radar-absorbent materials</a> (RAM). Afterburner fuel injectors are integrated into these vanes, which block line-of-sight of the turbines, contributing to aft-sector stealth. The axisymmetric nozzle consists of fifteen partially overlapping flaps that create a sawtooth pattern at the trailing edge. This creates shed vortices and reduces the infrared signature of the exhaust plume. The effectiveness is reportedly comparable to that of the F119's wedge nozzles, while being substantially more cost effective and lower maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The engine uses <a href="/wiki/Thermoelectric_generator" title="Thermoelectric generator">thermoelectric</a>-powered sensors to monitor turbine <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">bearing</a> health.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Improving engine reliability and ease of maintenance is a major objective for the F135. The engine has fewer parts than similar engines, which improves reliability. All line-replaceable components (LRCs) can be removed and replaced with a set of six common hand tools.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The F135's health management system is designed to provide real time data to maintainers on the ground. This allows them to troubleshoot problems and prepare replacement parts before the aircraft returns to base. According to Pratt & Whitney, this data may help drastically reduce troubleshooting and replacement time, as much as 94% over legacy engines.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_improvements">Planned improvements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Planned improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to any services issuing a requirement for an upgraded engine, Pratt and Whitney had cooperated with the US Navy on a two-block improvement plan for the F135 engine. The goals of Block 1 are a 7–10% increase in thrust and a 5–7% lower fuel burn. The plans include better cooling technology for turbine blades; this would increase the longevity of the engine and substantially reduce maintenance costs. The goal of Block 2 is to work with the US Air Force's <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Versatile_Engine_Technology" title="Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology">Adaptive Engine Transition Program</a>, with the intention of introducing technology for an engine rated at 45,000 lb of thrust, to be used in a sixth-generation fighter.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pratt & Whitney's upgrade path for the F135 would change several times, with Block 1 and 2 initially becoming Growth Option 1 and 2. At the end of May 2017 Pratt and Whitney announced the F135 Growth Option 1 had finished testing and was available for production. The upgrade requires the changing of the power module on older engines during depot overhaul and can be seamlessly inserted into future production engines at a minimal increase in unit cost and no impact to delivery schedule. The Growth Option 1 offers an improvement of 6–10% thrust across the F-35 flight envelope while also getting a 5–6% fuel burn reduction.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2018, <a href="/wiki/United_Technologies" title="United Technologies">United Technologies</a>, parent company of P&W, announced Growth Option 2.0 to help provide increased power and thermal management system (PTMS) capacity, providing options for operators for instance if they are wishing to upgrade to heavier weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Growth Option 2.0 was initially envisaged as a further development of the F135 with an adaptive fan to become the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XA101" title="Pratt & Whitney XA101">XA101</a>, a three-stream <a href="/wiki/Variable_cycle_engine" title="Variable cycle engine">adaptive cycle engine</a>, Pratt & Whitney has since split the XA101 as an entirely separate design with a new core, while Growth Option 1.0 would evolve to become the F135 Engine Enhancement Package (EEP), later renamed Engine Core Upgrade (ECU).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the USAF chose to fund the ECU for further development and fielding by 2029 to support the F-35's Block IV upgrade.<sup id="cite_ref-f35_pw_ecu_win_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f35_pw_ecu_win-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>F135-PW-100/400</b>: Used in the F-35A Conventional Take-Off and Landing (CTOL) and F-35C naval (CV) variants; the naval variant incorporates salt-corrosion resistant materials<sup id="cite_ref-DefPost_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DefPost-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>F135-PW-600</b>: Used in the F-35B Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL) variant<sup id="cite_ref-DefPost_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DefPost-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(F135)"><span id="Specifications_.28F135.29"></span>Specifications (F135)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specifications (F135)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="F135-PW-100/400"><span id="F135-PW-100.2F400"></span>F135-PW-100/400</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: F135-PW-100/400"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0; padding: .2em"><i>Data from</i> Pratt & Whitney,<sup id="cite_ref-F135engine.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F135engine.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technical Order TO-00-85-20,<sup id="cite_ref-TO-00-85-20_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-00-85-20-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a><sup id="cite_ref-asme_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asme-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Type:</b> Two-spool, axial flow, augmented <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a></li> <li><b>Length:</b> 220 in (5,590 mm)</li> <li><b>Diameter:</b> 46 in (1,170 mm) max., 43 in (1,090 mm) at the fan inlet</li> <li><b>Dry weight:</b> 6,422 lb (2,910 kg)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Components">Components</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Compressor:</b> 3-stage fan, 6-stage high-pressure <a href="/wiki/Axial-flow_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Axial-flow compressor">compressor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Combustor" title="Combustor">Combustors</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Combustor#Types_of_combustors" title="Combustor">annular combustor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">Turbine</a>:</b> 1-stage high-pressure <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbine</a>, 2-stage low-pressure turbine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bypass_ratio" title="Bypass ratio">Bypass ratio</a>:</b> 0.57:1</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Performance">Performance</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Maximum <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a>:</b> <br /> <ul><li>28,000 lbf (125 kN) military thrust,</li> <li>43,000 lbf (191 kN) with afterburner</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Overall_pressure_ratio" title="Overall pressure ratio">Overall pressure ratio</a>:</b> 28:1</li> <li><b>Turbine inlet temperature:</b> 3,600 °F (1,980 °C; 2,260 K)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">Thrust-to-weight ratio</a>:</b> 4.36:1 military thrust, 6.70:1 augmented</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="F135-PW-600">F135-PW-600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: F135-PW-600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0; padding: .2em"><i>Data from</i> Pratt & Whitney,<sup id="cite_ref-F135engine.com_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F135engine.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TO-00-85-20,<sup id="cite_ref-TO-00-85-20_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TO-00-85-20-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American Society of Mechanical Engineers<sup id="cite_ref-asme_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asme-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_characteristics_2">General characteristics</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Type:</b> Two-spool, axial flow, augmented <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> with shaft driven remote lift fan</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 369 in (9,370 mm)</li> <li><b>Diameter:</b> 46 in (1,170 mm) maximum, 43 in (1,090 mm) fan inlet, 53 in (1,350 mm) lift fan inlet</li> <li><b>Dry weight:</b> 7,260 lb (3,290 kg)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Components_2">Components</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Compressor:</b> 3 stage fan, 6 stage high-pressure <a href="/wiki/Axial-flow_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Axial-flow compressor">compressor</a>, 2 stage, contra-rotating, shaft driven lift fan</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Combustor" title="Combustor">Combustors</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Combustor#Types_of_combustors" title="Combustor">annular combustor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">Turbine</a>:</b> Single stage high pressure <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbine</a>, 2-stage low pressure <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbine</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bypass_ratio" title="Bypass ratio">Bypass ratio</a>:</b> 0.56:1 conventional, 0.51:1 powered lift</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Performance_2">Performance</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Maximum <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a>:</b> <br /> <ul><li>27,000 lbf (120 kN) military thrust</li> <li>41,000 lbf (182 kN) with afterburner</li> <li>40,650 lbf (181 kN) hovering</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Overall_pressure_ratio" title="Overall pressure ratio">Overall pressure ratio</a>:</b> 28:1 (conventional), 29:1 (powered lift),</li> <li><b>Turbine inlet temperature:</b> 3,600 °F (1,980 °C; 2,260 K)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_LiftSystem" title="Rolls-Royce LiftSystem">Rolls-Royce LiftSystem</a></li></ul> <p><b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">Pratt & Whitney F119</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Comparable engines</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric/Rolls-Royce_F136" title="General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136">General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136</a></li></ul> <p><b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_engines" title="List of aircraft engines">List of aircraft engines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other STOVL concepts explored under ASTOVL included Lift-Plus-Lift/Cruise (LPLC) by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a> which had a separate dedicated lift engine, Gas-Driven Lift Fan (GDLF) by <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> that used the main engine bleed air to power a lift fan, and further developments of direct lift thrust vectoring similar to the Harrier's <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Pegasus" title="Rolls-Royce Pegasus">Pegasus</a> engine.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the initial plans, all early JSFs were to be powered by an engine derived from Pratt & Whitney's F119 turbofan intended for the F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF), but it was planned that engine contracts would be competitively tendered from Lot 6 onward with General Electric/Allison Engine Company/Rolls-Royce developing a <a href="/wiki/YF120" class="mw-redirect" title="YF120">YF120</a>-derived engine (eventually designated F136) as a competitor.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prattwhitney.com/products-and-services/products/military-engines/f135">"F135"</a>. <i>prattwhitney.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prattwhitney.com&rft.atitle=F135&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprattwhitney.com%2Fproducts-and-services%2Fproducts%2Fmilitary-engines%2Ff135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APratt+%26+Whitney+F135" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"F135 Engine Exceeds 12,000 Engine Test Hours as Pratt & Whitney Prepares to Deliver First Production Engines" (2009). Pratt & Whitney press release. July 28, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-28-2009/0005067369&EDATE=">PR Newswire Link</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2010-03-18-Lockheed-Martin-F-35-Joint-Strike-Fighter-Succeeds-in-First-Vertical-Landing">"Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Succeeds In First Vertical Landing"</a>. <i>lockheedmartin.com, Press Release,</i> 18 March 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F135engine.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-F135engine.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F135engine.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F135engine.com_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924005241/http://www.f135engine.com/docs/B-2-4_F135_SpecsChart.pdf">"F135 Engine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>f135engine.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.f135engine.com/docs/B-2-4_F135_SpecsChart.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=f135engine.com&rft.atitle=F135+Engine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f135engine.com%2Fdocs%2FB-2-4_F135_SpecsChart.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APratt+%26+Whitney+F135" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LiftFanPatent1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LiftFanPatent1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/5209428.html">"Propulsion system for a vertical and short takeoff and landing aircraft"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225075708/http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/5209428.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United States Patent 5209428. PDF of original : <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5209428.pdf">http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5209428.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Shaft Driven Lift Fan Propulsion System For The Joint Strike Fighter" Paul M. Bevilaqua, American Helicopter Society 53rd Annual Forum, Virginia Beach, April 29-May 1, 1997. Fig. 6 Turbine Performance Map</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/as-mcdonnell-douglas-revises-jast-design/11174.article">"As McDonnell Douglas revises JAST design"</a>. <i>Flight International</i>. 20 February 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=As+McDonnell+Douglas+revises+JAST+design&rft.date=1996-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fas-mcdonnell-douglas-revises-jast-design%2F11174.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APratt+%26+Whitney+F135" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPP-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JPP_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevilaqua2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bevilaqua, Paul M. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2001/2001%20-%202838.html?search=X-35B">the original</a> on 7 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=Lockheed+Martin+Makes+Aviation+History+With+Joint+Strike+Fighter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F2001%2F2001%2520-%25202838.html%3Fsearch%3DX-35B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APratt+%26+Whitney+F135" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connors_171-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Connors_171_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connors, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunications_and_Marketing_Branch" class="citation web cs1">Communications and Marketing Branch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ic1.nsf/eng/05897.html">"Home - Industry Canada"</a>. <i>ic.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): 34–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1115%2F1.2007-APR-3">10.1115/1.2007-APR-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Fahrenheit+3%2C600&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=34-37&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1115%2F1.2007-APR-3&rft.au=Langdon%2C+Lee+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemagazineselect.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D2683357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APratt+%26+Whitney+F135" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnors2010" class="citation book cs1">Connors, Jack (2010). <i>The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History</i>. 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Modified 10 July 2009.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_F135&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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F135</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prattwhitney.com/products-and-services/products/military-engines/F135">Pratt & Whitney F135 on the Pratt & Whittney website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051103053856/http://www.jsf.mil/gallery/gal_photo_sdd_f135.htm">www.jsf.mil: F135 gallery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sahwo4JdVzs">How The World's Most Powerful Fighter Jet Engine Is Made - Sam Eckholm</a> (Video touring the F135 and its manufacturing site)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_program" title="Joint Strike Fighter program">Joint Strike Fighter program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_development" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II development">F-35 development</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="JSF_contenders" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>JSF contenders</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-32" title="Boeing X-32">Boeing X-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">Lockheed Martin X-35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aeronautics" title="Lockheed Martin Aeronautics">Lockheed Martin Aeronautics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procurement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_procurement#United_States" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement">US procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Combat_Aircraft" title="Joint Combat Aircraft">British procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Canadian_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement">Canadian procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Israeli_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement">Israeli procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement">Other nations' procurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_operators" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II operators">F-35 operators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pratt & Whitney F135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric/Rolls-Royce_F136" title="General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136">General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_LiftSystem" title="Rolls-Royce LiftSystem">Rolls-Royce LiftSystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_XA100" title="General Electric XA100">General Electric XA100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XA101" title="Pratt & Whitney XA101">Pratt & Whitney XA101</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment fitted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AN/APG-81" title="AN/APG-81">AN/APG-81</a> <i>or</i> <a href="/wiki/AN/APG-85" title="AN/APG-85">AN/APG-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/AAQ-37_Electro-Optical_Distributed_Aperture_System" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/AAQ-37 Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System">AN/AAQ-37 Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pratt_&amp;_Whitney_aircraft_engines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pratt_%26_Whitney_aeroengines" title="Template:Pratt & Whitney aeroengines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pratt_%26_Whitney_aeroengines" title="Template talk:Pratt & Whitney aeroengines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pratt_%26_Whitney_aeroengines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pratt & Whitney aeroengines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pratt_&amp;_Whitney_aircraft_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">aircraft engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">Radial engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-985_Wasp_Junior" title="Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior">R-985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1340_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp">R-1340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1535_Twin_Wasp_Junior" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior">R-1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1690_Hornet" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet">R-1690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830_Twin_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp">R-1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1860_Hornet_B" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1860 Hornet B">R-1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2000_Twin_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasp">R-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2060_Yellow_Jacket" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2060 Yellow Jacket">R-2060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2180-A_Twin_Hornet" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2180-A Twin Hornet">R-2180-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2180-E_Twin_Wasp_E" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2180-E Twin Wasp E">R-2180-E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2270&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2270 (page does not exist)">R-2270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2800_Double_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp">R-2800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-4360_Wasp_Major" title="Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major">R-4360</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2800_Double_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp">Double Wasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1690_Hornet" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet">Hornet (A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1860_Hornet_B" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1860 Hornet B">Hornet B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2180-A_Twin_Hornet" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2180-A Twin Hornet">Twin Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830_Twin_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp">Twin Wasp (R-1830)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2000_Twin_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasp">Twin Wasp (R-2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2180-E_Twin_Wasp_E" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2180-E Twin Wasp E">Twin Wasp E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1535_Twin_Wasp_Junior" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior">Twin Wasp Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Wasp_series" title="Pratt & Whitney Wasp series">Wasp series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1340_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp">Wasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-985_Wasp_Junior" title="Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior">Wasp Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-4360_Wasp_Major" title="Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major">Wasp Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2060_Yellow_Jacket" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2060 Yellow Jacket">Yellow Jacket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H piston engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_X-1800" title="Pratt & Whitney X-1800">X-1800/XH-2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XH-3130" title="Pratt & Whitney XH-3130">XH-3130 (XH-3730)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free-piston_gas_turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-piston gas turbine">Free-piston gas turbines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PT1" title="Pratt & Whitney PT1">PT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">Turbojets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J57" title="Pratt & Whitney J57">JT3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J75" title="Pratt & Whitney J75">JT4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J42" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney J42">JT6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J48" title="Pratt & Whitney J48">JT7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52" title="Pratt & Whitney J52">JT8A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_J91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney J91 (page does not exist)">JT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J58" title="Pratt & Whitney J58">JT11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT12" title="Pratt & Whitney JT12">JT12</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J42" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney J42">J42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J48" title="Pratt & Whitney J48">J48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52" title="Pratt & Whitney J52">J52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J57" title="Pratt & Whitney J57">J57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J58" title="Pratt & Whitney J58">J58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT12" title="Pratt & Whitney JT12">J60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J75" title="Pratt & Whitney J75">J75</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_J91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney J91 (page does not exist)">J91</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">Turbofans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_Alliance_GP7000" title="Engine Alliance GP7000">GP7000</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">JT3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J75#Design_and_development" title="Pratt & Whitney J75">JT4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT8D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT8D">JT8D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT9D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT9D">JT9D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_JTF10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney JTF10 (page does not exist)">JTF10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_TF30" title="Pratt & Whitney TF30">JTF10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW2000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW2000">JT10D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_JTF14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney JTF14 (page does not exist)">JTF14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_JTF16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney JTF16 (page does not exist)">JTF16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_JTF17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney JTF17 (page does not exist)">JTF17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">JTF22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW1000G" title="Pratt & Whitney PW1000G">PW1000G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW1120" title="Pratt & Whitney PW1120">PW1120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW2000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW2000">PW2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW4000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW4000">PW4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">PW5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW6000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW6000">PW6000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTU/Pratt_%26_Whitney_RTF-180" title="MTU/Pratt & Whitney RTF-180">RTF-180</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_STF200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney STF200 (page does not exist)">STF200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAE_SuperFan" title="IAE SuperFan">SuperFan</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAE_V2500" title="IAE V2500">V2500</a>†</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">F100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT9D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT9D">F105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW2000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW2000">F117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">F119</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F401" title="Pratt & Whitney F401">F401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_RM8" title="Volvo RM8">RM8</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_TF30" title="Pratt & Whitney TF30">TF30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">TF33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XA101" title="Pratt & Whitney XA101">XA101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XA103" title="Pratt & Whitney XA103">XA103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">Turboprops</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turboshaft" title="Turboshaft">Turboshafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avco/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T800" title="Avco/Pratt & Whitney T800">APW34</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T73" title="Pratt & Whitney T73">JFTD12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T34" title="Pratt & Whitney T34">PT2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_T52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney T52 (page does not exist)">PT3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_XT45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney XT45 (page does not exist)">PT4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XT57" title="Pratt & Whitney XT57">PT5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T34" title="Pratt & Whitney T34">T34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_XT45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney XT45 (page does not exist)">XT45</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_T52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney T52 (page does not exist)">T52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XT57" title="Pratt & Whitney XT57">XT57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T73" title="Pratt & Whitney T73">T73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avco/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T800" title="Avco/Pratt & Whitney T800">T800-APW</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATEC_T900" title="ATEC T900">T900</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Propfan" title="Propfan">Propfans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney/Allison_578-DX" title="Pratt & Whitney/Allison 578-DX">578-DX</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket engines">Rocket engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RL10" title="RL10">RL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XLR-129" title="Pratt & Whitney XLR-129">XLR-129</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeroderivative_gas_turbine_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroderivative gas turbine engine">Aeroderivative gas <br /> turbine engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_GG3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney GG3 (page does not exist)">GG3/FT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_GG4" title="Pratt & Whitney GG4">GG4/FT4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_FT8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney FT8 (page does not exist)">FT8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada">Pratt & Whitney Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Rocketdyne" title="Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne">Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_S._Hobbs" title="Leonard S. Hobbs">Leonard S. Hobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mead" title="George J. Mead">George J. Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wright_Parkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wright Parkins (page does not exist)">Wright Parkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perry_Pratt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perry Pratt (page does not exist)">Perry Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rentschler" title="Frederick Rentschler">Frederick Rentschler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S%C3%B6derberg" title="Richard Söderberg">Richard "Dick" Soderberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Willgoos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Willgoos (page does not exist)">Andrew Willgoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† <a href="/wiki/Template:Joint_development_aeroengines" title="Template:Joint development aeroengines">Joint development aeroengines</a> <br /> <b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_aeroengines" title="Template:Pratt & Whitney Canada aeroengines">Pratt & Whitney Canada aeroengines</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_military_gas_turbine_aircraft_engine_designation_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_military_gas_turbine_aeroengines" title="Template:US military gas turbine aeroengines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_military_gas_turbine_aeroengines" title="Template talk:US military gas turbine aeroengines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_military_gas_turbine_aeroengines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US military gas turbine aeroengines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_military_gas_turbine_aircraft_engine_designation_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States military</a> gas turbine aircraft engine <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_engine_designations" title="United States military aircraft engine designations">designation system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">Turbojets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J30" title="Westinghouse J30">J30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J31" title="General Electric J31">J31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J32" title="Westinghouse J32">J32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_J33" title="Allison J33">J33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J34" title="Westinghouse J34">J34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_J35" title="Allison J35">J35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Goblin" title="De Havilland Goblin">J36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_J37" title="Lockheed J37">J37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Engineering_XJ38" title="West Engineering XJ38">XJ38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J31" title="General Electric J31">J39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J40" title="Westinghouse J40">J40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_XJ41" title="Packard XJ41">XJ41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Nene" title="Rolls-Royce Nene">J42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J30" title="Westinghouse J30">J43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_J44" title="Fairchild J44">J44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J34" title="Westinghouse J34">J45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_J46" title="Westinghouse J46">J46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J47" title="General Electric J47">J47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J48" title="Pratt & Whitney J48">J48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_XJ49" title="Packard XJ49">XJ49</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wright_J51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wright J51 (page does not exist)">J51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J52" title="Pratt & Whitney J52">J52</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_J53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Electric J53 (page does not exist)">J53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Avon" title="Rolls-Royce Avon">J54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flader_J55" title="Flader J55">J55</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_J56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison J56 (page does not exist)">J56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J57" title="Pratt & Whitney J57">J57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J58" title="Pratt & Whitney J58">J58</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wright_J59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wright J59 (page does not exist)">J59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT12" title="Pratt & Whitney JT12">J60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wright_J61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wright J61 (page does not exist)">J61</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairchild_J63&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairchild J63 (page does not exist)">J63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_J65" title="Wright J65">J65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Olympus" title="Rolls-Royce Olympus">J67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledyne_CAE_J69" title="Teledyne CAE J69">J69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_J71" title="Allison J71">J71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J73" title="General Electric J73">J73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J75" title="Pratt & Whitney J75">J75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J79" title="General Electric J79">J79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Soar" title="Rolls-Royce Soar">J81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_J83" title="Fairchild J83">J83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J85" title="General Electric J85">J85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J87" title="General Electric J87">J87</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_J89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison J89 (page does not exist)">J89</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_J91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney J91 (page does not exist)">J91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_YJ93" title="General Electric YJ93">YJ93</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teledyne_LJ95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teledyne LJ95 (page does not exist)">J95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J97" title="General Electric J97">J97</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_J99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce J99 (page does not exist)">J99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledyne_CAE_J69" title="Teledyne CAE J69">J100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_YJ101" title="General Electric YJ101">YJ101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_J102" title="Allison J102">J102</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Williams_J400" title="Williams J400">J400</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrett_J401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garrett J401 (page does not exist)">J401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledyne_CAE_J402" title="Teledyne CAE J402">J402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microturbo_TRI_60" title="Microturbo TRI 60">J403</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teledyne_CAE_J700" title="Teledyne CAE J700">J700</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">Turboprops</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Turboshaft" title="Turboshaft">Turboshafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_T30" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse T30">T30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T31" title="General Electric T31">T31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flader_J55" title="Flader J55">T33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T34" title="Pratt & Whitney T34">T34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_J37" title="Lockheed J37">T35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_T36D" title="Chrysler T36D">T36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop-Hendy_XT37" title="Northrop-Hendy XT37">T37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T38" title="Allison T38">T38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T38" title="Allison T38">T39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T40" title="Allison T40">T40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T31" title="General Electric T31">T41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Laval_T42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Laval T42 (page does not exist)">T42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wright_T43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wright T43 (page does not exist)">T43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T40" title="Allison T40">T44</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_T45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney T45 (page does not exist)">T45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_T46" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairchild T46">T46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_T47" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright T47">T47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_T48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney T48 (page does not exist)">T48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_T49" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright T49">T49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T50" title="Boeing T50">T50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_T51" title="Continental T51">T51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratt_%26_Whitney_T52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratt & Whitney T52 (page does not exist)">T52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycoming_T53" title="Lycoming T53">T53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T40" title="Allison T40">T54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell_T55" title="Honeywell T55">T55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T56" title="Allison T56">T56</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allison_T56_variants" title="Allison T56 variants">variants</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XT57" title="Pratt & Whitney XT57">T57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T58" title="General Electric T58">T58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T60" title="Boeing T60">T60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T61" title="Allison T61">T61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_T62" title="Solar T62">T62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Model_250" title="Allison Model 250">T63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T64" title="General Electric T64">T64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_T51" title="Continental T51">T65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_T62" title="Solar T62">T66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_T51" title="Continental T51">T67</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_T68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce T68 (page does not exist)">T68</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teledyne_CAE_T69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teledyne CAE T69 (page does not exist)">T69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_T70" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse T70">T70</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_T71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison T71 (page does not exist)">T71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_T51" title="Continental T51">T72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT12" title="Pratt & Whitney JT12">T73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PT6" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6">T74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_TPE331" class="mw-redirect" title="Garrett TPE331">T76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T78" title="Allison T78">T78</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_T80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison T80 (page does not exist)">T80</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunstrand_T100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunstrand T100 (page does not exist)">T100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PT6#PT6A" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6">T101</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PT6T" title="Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6T">T400</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycoming_T405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycoming T405 (page does not exist)">T405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_T406" title="Rolls-Royce T406">T406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_GE38" title="General Electric GE38">T407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_GE38" title="General Electric GE38">T408</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T700" title="General Electric T700">T700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T56_variants" title="Allison T56 variants">T701</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycoming_LTS101" title="Lycoming LTS101">T702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Model_250" title="Allison Model 250">T703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T700" title="General Electric T700">T706</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_T708&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Electric T708 (page does not exist)">T708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHTEC_T800" title="LHTEC T800">LHTEC T800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avco/Pratt_%26_Whitney_T800" title="Avco/Pratt & Whitney T800">APW T800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATEC_T900" title="ATEC T900">T900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T901" title="General Electric T901">T901</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">Turbofans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_TF30" title="Pratt & Whitney TF30">TF30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_TF31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Electric TF31 (page does not exist)">TF31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_TF32" title="Allison TF32">TF32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">TF33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_TF34" title="General Electric TF34">TF34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_CJ805" title="General Electric CJ805">TF35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_CF700" title="General Electric CF700">TF37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_TF39" title="General Electric TF39">TF39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_TF41" title="Allison TF41">TF41</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">F100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F101" title="General Electric F101">F101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycoming_ALF_502" title="Lycoming ALF 502">F102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_CF6" title="General Electric CF6">F103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_ATF3" title="Garrett ATF3">F104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT9D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT9D">F105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledyne_CAE_F106" title="Teledyne CAE F106">F106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_F107" title="Williams F107">F107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">F108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_F109" title="Garrett F109">F109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F110" title="General Electric F110">F110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_F112" title="Williams F112">F112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">F113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_PW2000" title="Pratt & Whitney PW2000">F117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F118" title="General Electric F118">F118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F119" title="Pratt & Whitney F119">F119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_YF120" title="General Electric YF120">YF120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_F121" title="Williams F121">F121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_F122" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams F122">F122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell/ITEC_F124" title="Honeywell/ITEC F124">F124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell/ITEC_F124" title="Honeywell/ITEC F124">F125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.183_Tay" title="Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay">F126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F404" title="General Electric F404">F127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F404" title="General Electric F404">F128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_FJ44" title="Williams FJ44">F129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_BR700" title="Rolls-Royce BR700">F130</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric/Rolls-Royce_F136" title="General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136">F136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_AE_3007" title="Rolls-Royce AE 3007">F137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_CF6" title="General Electric CF6">F138</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Electric_F400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Electric F400 (page does not exist)">F400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F401" title="Pratt & Whitney F401">F401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Pegasus" title="Rolls-Royce Pegasus">F402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F404" title="General Electric F404">F404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Turbomeca_Adour" title="Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour">F405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledyne_CAE_F408" title="Teledyne CAE F408">F408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F404" title="General Electric F404">F412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F414" title="General Electric F414">F414</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williams_International_F415&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williams International F415 (page does not exist)">F415</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_cycle_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive cycle engine">Adaptive cycle engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_XA100" title="General Electric XA100">XA100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XA101" title="Pratt & Whitney XA101">XA101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_XA102" title="General Electric XA102">XA102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_XA103" title="Pratt & Whitney XA103">XA103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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