CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>St. Peter's Basilica - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"727e60de-40e4-4192-91e2-2c4e3be4575b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"St._Peter's_Basilica","wgTitle":"St. Peter's Basilica","wgCurRevisionId":1260492091,"wgRevisionId":1260492091,"wgArticleId":73188,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia pending changes protected pages","Use Oxford spelling from March 2024", "Use dmy dates from August 2020","Articles containing Italian-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with Italian IPA","Articles needing additional references from April 2017","All articles needing additional references","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2010","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023","Pages with numeric Bible version references","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020","Pages containing links to subscription-only content","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Articles with Italian-language sources (it)","S-bef: 'before' parameter includes the word 'unknown'","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata", "Pages using the Kartographer extension","St. Peter's Basilica","Churches in Vatican City","Coronation church buildings","Church buildings with domes","Terminating vistas","Renaissance architecture in Rome","Baroque architecture in Rome","Tourist attractions in Vatican City","Churches completed in 1626","Tombs of apostles","Burial places of popes","1626 establishments in the Papal States","Pope Julius II","Donato Bramante church buildings","Michelangelo church buildings","Carlo Maderno buildings","Gian Lorenzo Bernini church buildings","Major basilicas","17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"St._Peter's_Basilica","wgRelevantArticleId":73188,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{ "levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1260492091,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":41.90222222222222,"lon":12.453333333333333},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12512","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser": false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/1200px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="627"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/800px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="418"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/640px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="334"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="St. Peter's Basilica - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-St_Peter_s_Basilica rootpage-St_Peter_s_Basilica skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saint_Peter's_burial_site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Peter's_burial_site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Saint Peter's burial site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Peter's_burial_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_St._Peter's_Basilica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_St._Peter's_Basilica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Old St. Peter's Basilica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_St._Peter's_Basilica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plan_to_rebuild" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan_to_rebuild"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Plan to rebuild</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plan_to_rebuild-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing_with_indulgences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing_with_indulgences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Financing with indulgences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing_with_indulgences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Successive_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successive_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Successive plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successive_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michelangelo's_contribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michelangelo's_contribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Michelangelo's contribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michelangelo's_contribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dome:_successive_and_final_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dome:_successive_and_final_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Dome: successive and final designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dome:_successive_and_final_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bramante_and_Sangallo,_1506_and_1513" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bramante_and_Sangallo,_1506_and_1513"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Bramante and Sangallo, 1506 and 1513</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bramante_and_Sangallo,_1506_and_1513-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michelangelo_and_Giacomo_della_Porta,_1547_and_1585" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michelangelo_and_Giacomo_della_Porta,_1547_and_1585"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michelangelo_and_Giacomo_della_Porta,_1547_and_1585-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Completion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Completion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Completion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Completion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_Michelangelo_draft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_Michelangelo_draft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Discovery of Michelangelo draft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_Michelangelo_draft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addition_of_nave_and_facade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addition_of_nave_and_facade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Addition of nave and facade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addition_of_nave_and_facade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maderno's_facade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maderno's_facade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Maderno's facade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maderno's_facade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bernini's_Towers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bernini's_Towers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Bernini's Towers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bernini's_Towers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Narthex_and_portals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narthex_and_portals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Narthex and portals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narthex_and_portals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maderno's_nave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maderno's_nave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>Maderno's nave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maderno's_nave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_church_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_church_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Influence on church architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_church_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bernini's_furnishings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bernini's_furnishings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bernini's furnishings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bernini's_furnishings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bernini's furnishings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bernini's_furnishings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pope_Urban_VIII_and_Bernini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pope_Urban_VIII_and_Bernini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pope Urban VIII and Bernini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pope_Urban_VIII_and_Bernini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baldacchino_and_niches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baldacchino_and_niches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Baldacchino and niches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baldacchino_and_niches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cathedra_Petri_and_Chapel_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedra_Petri_and_Chapel_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Cathedra Petri and Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedra_Petri_and_Chapel_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Peter's_Piazza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Peter's_Piazza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>St. Peter's Piazza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Peter's_Piazza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Clocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treasures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treasures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Treasures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Treasures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Treasures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Treasures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tombs_and_relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tombs_and_relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Tombs and relics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tombs_and_relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artworks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Artworks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Towers_and_narthex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towers_and_narthex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Towers and narthex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towers_and_narthex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Nave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_aisle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_aisle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.3</span> <span>North aisle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_aisle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_aisle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_aisle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.4</span> <span>South aisle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_aisle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archpriests_since_1053" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archpriests_since_1053"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Archpriests since 1053</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archpriests_since_1053-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Peter's Basilica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 117 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">117 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Pieterskerk" title="Sint Pieterskerk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sint Pieterskerk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersdom" title="Petersdom – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Petersdom" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="كاتدرائية القديس بطرس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاتدرائية القديس بطرس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_de_Sant_Pero" title="Basilica de Sant Pero – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Basilica de Sant Pero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="ছেইণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছ বেছিলিকা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছেইণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছ বেছিলিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Pedru" title="Basílica de San Pedru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Basílica de San Pedru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_Marangatu_Vas%C3%ADlika" title="Peru Marangatu Vasílika – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Peru Marangatu Vasílika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCq%C9%99dd%C9%99s_Pyotr_bazilikas%C4%B1" title="Müqəddəs Pyotr bazilikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müqəddəs Pyotr bazilikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="موقدس سن پیترو کیلیساسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موقدس سن پیترو کیلیساسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="সেন্ট পিটারের ব্যাসিলিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেন্ট পিটারের ব্যাসিলিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng_P%C3%AD-tek_S%C3%A8ng-tn%CC%82g" title="Sèng Pí-tek Sèng-tn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèng Pí-tek Sèng-tn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Изге Пётр соборы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Изге Пётр соборы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сабор Святога Пятра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сабор Святога Пятра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Базыліка Сьвятога Пятра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Базыліка Сьвятога Пятра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="सेंट पीटर्स बसिलिका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सेंट पीटर्स बसिलिका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Свети Петър (Рим) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свети Петър (Рим)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_svetog_Petra" title="Bazilika svetog Petra – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bazilika svetog Petra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penniliz_Sant-P%C3%AAr" title="Penniliz Sant-Pêr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Penniliz Sant-Pêr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Sant_Pere" title="Basílica de Sant Pere – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Basílica de Sant Pere" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_svat%C3%A9ho_Petra" title="Bazilika svatého Petra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bazilika svatého Petra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Sant_Pedr" title="Basilica Sant Pedr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Basilica Sant Pedr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterskirken" title="Peterskirken – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peterskirken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersdom" title="Petersdom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Petersdom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooma_Peetri_kirik" title="Rooma Peetri kirik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rooma Peetri kirik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Βασιλική του Αγίου Πέτρου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασιλική του Αγίου Πέτρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Pedro" title="Basílica de San Pedro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Basílica de San Pedro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baziliko_Sankta_Petro" title="Baziliko Sankta Petro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baziliko Sankta Petro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Petri_basilika" title="San Petri basilika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="San Petri basilika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="کلیسای سن پیترو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای سن پیترو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="St. Peter's Basilica" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A6turskirkjan" title="Pæturskirkjan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pæturskirkjan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Pierre" title="Basilique Saint-Pierre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basilique Saint-Pierre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-Pitersbasilyk" title="Sint-Pitersbasilyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sint-Pitersbasilyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisleac_Pheadair" title="Baisleac Pheadair – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Baisleac Pheadair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Pedro" title="Basílica de San Pedro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Basílica de San Pedro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1_%EB%B2%A0%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84" title="성 베드로 대성전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성 베드로 대성전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_cocin_Bitrus" title="Babban cocin Bitrus – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Babban cocin Bitrus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Սուրբ Պետրոսի տաճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրբ Պետրոսի տաճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_sv._Petra" title="Bazilika sv. Petra – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bazilika sv. Petra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_Santo_Petrus" title="Basilika Santo Petrus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basilika Santo Petrus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9turskirkjan" title="Péturskirkjan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Péturskirkjan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano" title="Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9" title="בזיליקת פטרוס הקדוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בזיליקת פטרוס הקדוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_Santo_P%C3%A9trus" title="Basilika Santo Pétrus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basilika Santo Pétrus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9y%C9%9B_K%C9%A9%C9%96e%C9%96eu_t%C9%9B_paasiliki_(Basilique_Saint-Pierre)" title="Pɩyɛ Kɩɖeɖeu tɛ paasiliki (Basilique Saint-Pierre) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩyɛ Kɩɖeɖeu tɛ paasiliki (Basilique Saint-Pierre)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="წმინდა პეტრეს ბაზილიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წმინდა პეტრეს ბაზილიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Әулие Петер базиликасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әулие Петер базиликасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penneglos_Sen_Peder" title="Penneglos Sen Peder – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Penneglos Sen Peder" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_la_Mt._Petro" title="Basilika la Mt. Petro – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Basilika la Mt. Petro" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilik_St_Py%C3%A8" title="Bazilik St Pyè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bazilik St Pyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Vaticana" title="Basilica Vaticana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Basilica Vaticana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%93t%C4%81_P%C4%93tera_bazilika" title="Svētā Pētera bazilika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svētā Pētera bazilika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9itersdoum" title="Péitersdoum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Péitersdoum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ventojo_Petro_bazilika" title="Šventojo Petro bazilika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šventojo Petro bazilika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basiliki_Mons%C3%A1tu_Petelo" title="Basiliki Monsátu Petelo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Basiliki Monsátu Petelo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_de_San_Petro" title="Basilica de San Petro – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Basilica de San Petro" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilega_de_San_Peder" title="Basilega de San Peder – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Basilega de San Peder" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_P%C3%A9ter-bazilika" title="Szent Péter-bazilika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Péter-bazilika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Базилика Свети Петар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Базилика Свети Петар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_Masindahy_Piera" title="Bazilika Masindahy Piera – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bazilika Masindahy Piera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="സെന്റ് പീറ്റേഴ്സ് ബസലിക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെന്റ് പീറ്റേഴ്സ് ബസലിക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="बासिलिका ऑफ सेंट पीटर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बासिलिका ऑफ सेंट पीटर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="كاتدرائية القديس بطرس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتدرائية القديس بطرس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88" title="باسیلیکا د سن پیترو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="باسیلیکا د سن پیترو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_Santo_Peter" title="Basilika Santo Peter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Basilika Santo Peter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гэгээн Петрийн цогчин дуган – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гэгээн Петрийн цогчин дуган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-Pietersbasiliek" title="Sint-Pietersbasiliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sint-Pietersbasiliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="सन्त पिटरयागु बासिलिका – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन्त पिटरयागु बासिलिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82" title="サン・ピエトロ大聖堂 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サン・ピエトロ大聖堂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basileca_%27e_San_Pietro" title="Basileca 'e San Pietro – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Basileca 'e San Pietro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Сийлахь Петран Килс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сийлахь Петран Килс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterskirken" title="Peterskirken – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peterskirken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterskyrkja" title="Peterskyrkja – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Peterskyrkja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basouque_Saint-Pierre" title="Basouque Saint-Pierre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Basouque Saint-Pierre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_de_Sant_P%C3%A8ir" title="Basilica de Sant Pèir – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Basilica de Sant Pèir" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avliyo_Pyotr_sobori" title="Avliyo Pyotr sobori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avliyo Pyotr sobori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੇਂਟ ਪੀਟਰ ਬਾਸੀਲਿਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੇਂਟ ਪੀਟਰ ਬਾਸੀਲਿਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="پیٹر گرجا روم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیٹر گرجا روم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Piita_Basilika" title="Sin Piita Basilika – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sin Piita Basilika" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilike_ed_Saint-Pi%C3%A8re" title="Basilike ed Saint-Pière – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Basilike ed Saint-Pière" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_S%C3%BCnt_Peter" title="Basilika Sünt Peter – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Basilika Sünt Peter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazylika_%C5%9Bw._Piotra_na_Watykanie" title="Bazylika św. Piotra na Watykanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bazylika św. Piotra na Watykanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro" title="Basílica de São Pedro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Basílica de São Pedro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Petrus_bazilikas%C4%B1" title="Aziz Petrus bazilikası – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Aziz Petrus bazilikası" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilica_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Petru_din_Roma" title="Bazilica Sfântul Petru din Roma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bazilica Sfântul Petru din Roma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_da_s._Peder" title="Dom da s. Peder – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Dom da s. Peder" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Собор Святого Петра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Собор Святого Петра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4iterss%C3%A4%C3%A4rke" title="Päiterssäärke – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Päiterssäärke" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_e_Sh%C3%ABn_Pjetrit" title="Bazilika e Shën Pjetrit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bazilika e Shën Pjetrit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සාන්ත පීතර බැසිලිකාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සාන්ත පීතර බැසිලිකාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="St. Peter's Basilica" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_sv%C3%A4t%C3%A9ho_Petra" title="Bazilika svätého Petra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bazilika svätého Petra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_sv._Petra,_Vatikan" title="Bazilika sv. Petra, Vatikan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bazilika sv. Petra, Vatikan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%B5%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کڵێسای سەنت پیتەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کڵێسای سەنت پیتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Базилика Светог Петра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Базилика Светог Петра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazilika_sv._Petra" title="Bazilika sv. Petra – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bazilika sv. Petra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietarinkirkko" title="Pietarinkirkko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pietarinkirkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterskyrkan" title="Peterskyrkan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peterskyrkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_ni_San_Pedro" title="Basilika ni San Pedro – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Basilika ni San Pedro" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புனித பேதுரு பேராலயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனித பேதுரு பேராலயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabazilikt_San_Pietri" title="Tabazilikt San Pietri – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tabazilikt San Pietri" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zge_Petr_Bazilikas%C4%B1" title="İzge Petr Bazilikası – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="İzge Petr Bazilikası" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="มหาวิหารนักบุญเปโตร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิหารนักบุญเปโตร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Petrus_Bazilikas%C4%B1" title="Aziz Petrus Bazilikası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aziz Petrus Bazilikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Pietro" title="Basilica di San Pietro – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Basilica di San Pietro" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Собор Святого Петра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Собор Святого Петра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="پطرس باسلیکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پطرس باسلیکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz%C3%A9%C5%82ega_de_San_Piero_in_Vategan" title="Bazéłega de San Piero in Vategan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bazéłega de San Piero in Vategan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph._Petran_p%C3%A4jumalanpert%27" title="Ph. Petran päjumalanpert' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ph. Petran päjumalanpert'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_cung_th%C3%A1nh_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Th%C3%A1nh_Ph%C3%AAr%C3%B4" title="Vương cung thánh đường Thánh Phêrô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương cung thánh đường Thánh Phêrô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlika_ni_San_Pedro" title="Basílika ni San Pedro – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Basílika ni San Pedro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="聖伯多祿大殿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="聖伯多祿大殿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="פעטראס באסיליקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעטראס באסיליקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="聖伯多祿大殿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖伯多祿大殿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v%C4%97ntuoj%C4%97_Petra_bazil%C4%97ka" title="Švėntuojė Petra bazilėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Švėntuojė Petra bazilėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="聖伯多祿大殿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖伯多祿大殿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilika_St._Peter" title="Basilika St. Peter – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Basilika St. Peter" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12512#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:St._Peter%27s_Basilica" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&oldid=1260492091" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&id=1260492091&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSt._Peter%2527s_Basilica"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSt._Peter%2527s_Basilica"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Sancti_Petri" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12512" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&params=41_54_08_N_12_27_12_E_type:landmark_region:VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90222°N 12.45333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90222; 12.45333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Checked</b></indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">This is an accepted version of this page</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=St._Peter%27s_Basilica">reviewed</a> on <i>1 December 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Vatican City</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="St. Peter's Basilica (disambiguation)">St. Peter's Basilica (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Vatican City</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Saint Peter's Basilica</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><div class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Basilica di San Pietro</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Basilica Sancti Petri</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ornate building in the early morning with a giant order of columns beneath a Latin inscription, fourteen statues on the roofline, and large dome on top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/270px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/405px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg/540px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13066" data-file-height="6823" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Main <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade" title="Façade">façade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> of St. Peter's Basilica, seen from <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_9bbc22e2862365448101482f3300bef874d5ee22"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&revid=1260492091&groups=_9bbc22e2862365448101482f3300bef874d5ee22" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&revid=1260492091&groups=_9bbc22e2862365448101482f3300bef874d5ee22 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&params=41_54_08_N_12_27_12_E_type:landmark_region:VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90222°N 12.45333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90222; 12.45333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">Sui iuris</a> church</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/san_pietro/index_it.htm">St. Peter's Basilica</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Papal major basilica</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 November 1626</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Rossellino" title="Bernardo Rossellino">Bernardo Rossellino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_da_Sangallo" title="Giuliano da Sangallo">Giuliano da Sangallo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bramante" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramante">Bramante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raffaello_Sanzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffaello Sanzio">Raffaello Sanzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giocondo" title="Giovanni Giocondo">Giovanni Giocondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_il_Giovane" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane">Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baldassarre_Peruzzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldassarre Peruzzi">Baldassarre Peruzzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Buonarroti" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Buonarroti">Michelangelo Buonarroti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Della_Porta" class="mw-redirect" title="Giacomo Della Porta">Giacomo Della Porta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola">Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirro_Ligorio" title="Pirro Ligorio">Pirro Ligorio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a>.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">Groundbreaking</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 April 1506</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">18 November 1626<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1626-11-18</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">60,000 standing <br /> or 20,000 seated<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">220 metres (720 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">150 metres (490 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">136.6 metres (448 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-DomeHeight_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DomeHeight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">Nave</a> height</th><td class="infobox-data">46.2 metres (152 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dome diameter (outer)</th><td class="infobox-data">42 metres (138 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dome diameter (inner)</th><td class="infobox-data">41.5 metres (136 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Diocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Clergy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">Archpriest</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Gambetti" title="Mauro Gambetti">Mauro Gambetti</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Vatican City</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">i, ii, iv, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1984 (8th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286">286</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Europe">Europe and North America</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican City</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Citta di Vaticano</i>), or simply <b>Saint Peter's Basilica</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Basilica Sancti Petri</i>; Italian: <i lang="it">Basilica di San Pietro</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[baˈziːlika<span class="wrap"> </span>di<span class="wrap"> </span>sam<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpjɛːtro]</a></span>), is a church of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Renaissance architecture">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, an independent <a href="/wiki/Microstate" title="Microstate">microstate</a> <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclaved</a> within the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> to replace the ageing <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a>, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>. Construction of the present <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Designed principally by <a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a>, with piazza and fittings by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> architecture<sup id="cite_ref-BF1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings" title="List of largest church buildings">largest church in the world</a> by interior measure.<sup id="cite_ref-size_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-size-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it is neither the <a href="/wiki/Mother_church" title="Mother church">mother church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a> (these equivalent titles being held by the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a> in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> world",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as "the greatest of all churches of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-BF1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, chief among <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> and also the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>). <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a> is directly below the <a href="/wiki/High_altar" class="mw-redirect" title="High altar">high altar</a> of the basilica, also known as the <i>Altar of the Confession</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, many popes, cardinals and bishops have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period. </p><p>St. Peter's is famous as a place of <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> and for its <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian Church">early Christian Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> and Catholic <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age.<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. Peter's is ranked second, after the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a>, amongst the four churches in the world that hold the rank of <a href="/wiki/Basilicas_in_the_Catholic_Church#Major_and_papal_basilicas" title="Basilicas in the Catholic Church">Major papal basilica</a>, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Pilgrim_Churches_of_Rome" title="Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome">Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome</a>. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Special:EditPage/St. Peter's Basilica">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A view of Rome on a sunny afternoon looking along the river. A bridge crosses the river and beyond it is a hill on which the grey dome of St. Peter's rises above ancient buildings and dark pine trees." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg/220px-PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg/330px-PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg/440px-PonteSantAngeloRom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5897" data-file-height="3931" /></a><figcaption>View from the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Ponte Sant'Angelo">Ponte Sant'Angelo</a> and the Basilica. The iconic dome dominates the skyline of Rome.</figcaption></figure> <p>St. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a> and near the <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum</a> Hill and <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Hadrian's Mausoleum</a>. Its central <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> dominates the skyline of Rome. The basilica is approached via <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>, a forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnades</a>. The first space is oval and the second trapezoidal. The façade of the basilica, with a <a href="/wiki/Giant_order" title="Giant order">giant order</a> of columns, stretches across the end of the square and is approached by steps on which stand two 5.55-metre (18.2 ft) statues of the first-century apostles to Rome, Saints <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Paul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinto_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basilica is <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> in shape, with an elongated <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a> form but the early designs were for a centrally planned structure and this is still in evidence in the architecture. The central space is dominated both externally and internally by one of the <a href="/wiki/Largest_domes" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest domes">largest domes</a> in the world. The entrance is through a <a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a>, or entrance hall, which stretches across the building. One of the decorated bronze doors leading from the narthex is the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Door" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Door">Holy Door</a>, only opened during <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Christianity)">jubilees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinto_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The interior dimensions are vast when compared to other churches.<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One author wrote: "Only gradually does it dawn upon us – as we watch people draw near to this or that monument, strangely they appear to shrink; they are, of course, dwarfed by the scale of everything in the building. This in its turn overwhelms us."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nave which leads to the central dome is in three bays, with piers supporting a barrel vault, the highest of any church. The nave is framed by wide aisles which have a number of chapels off them. There are also chapels surrounding the dome. Moving around the basilica in a clockwise direction they are: The <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">Baptistery</a>, the Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_the_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of the Virgin">Presentation of the Virgin</a>, the larger Choir Chapel, the altar of the Transfiguration, the <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Clementine</a> Chapel with the altar of <a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Saint Gregory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">Sacristy</a> Entrance, the Altar of the Lie, the left <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a> with altars to the Crucifixion of Saint Peter, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas</a>, the altar of the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a>, the Chapel of the Madonna of Column, the altar of Saint Peter and the Paralytic, the apse with the <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a>, the altar of Saint Peter raising <a href="/wiki/Dorcas" title="Dorcas">Tabitha</a>, the altar of St. Petronilla, the altar of the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">Archangel Michael</a>, the altar of the <a href="/wiki/Navicella_(mosaic)" title="Navicella (mosaic)">Navicella</a>, the right transept with altars of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Erasmus">Saint Erasmus</a>, Saints Processo and Martiniano, and <a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Saint Wenceslas</a>, the altar of St. Jerome, the altar of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Basil" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Basil">Saint Basil</a>, the Gregorian Chapel with the altar of the Madonna of Succour, the larger Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church">Holy Sacrament</a>, the Chapel of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a> and the Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinto_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Monuments, in a clockwise direction, are to: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Clementina_Sobieska" title="Maria Clementina Sobieska">Maria Clementina Sobieska</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Stuarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XV">Benedict XV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a>, St. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VIII" title="Pope Innocent VIII">Innocent VIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XI" title="Pope Leo XI">Leo XI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Innocent XI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pius VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VIII" title="Pope Pius VIII">Pius VIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Alexander VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VIII" title="Pope Alexander VIII">Alexander VIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Urban VIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_X" title="Pope Clement X">Clement X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIII" title="Pope Clement XIII">Clement XIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XIV">Benedict XIV</a>, St Peter (Bronze Statue), <a href="/wiki/Gregory_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory XVI">Gregory XVI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Gregory XIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Gregory XIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Canossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Matilda of Canossa">Matilda of Canossa</a>,<a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XII" title="Pope Innocent XII">Innocent XII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pius XII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pius XI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina of Sweden">Christina of Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leo_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo XII">Leo XII</a>. At the heart of the basilica, beneath the high altar, is the <i>Confessio</i> or <i>Chapel of the Confession</i>, in reference to the confession of faith by St. Peter, which led to his martyrdom. Two curving marble staircases lead to this underground chapel at the level of the Constantinian church and immediately above the purported burial place of Saint Peter. </p><p>The entire interior of St. Peter's is lavishly decorated with marble, reliefs, architectural sculpture and gilding. The basilica contains a large number of tombs of popes and other notable people, many of which are considered outstanding artworks. There are also a number of sculptures in niches and chapels, including <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i>. The central feature is a <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachin</a>, or canopy over the Papal Altar, designed by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>. The apse culminates in a sculptural ensemble, also by Bernini, and containing the symbolic <i>Chair of Saint Peter</i>. </p><p>The American philosopher <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> described St. Peter's as "an ornament of the earth ... the sublime of the beautiful."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of St. Peter's Square"><img alt="Panorama showing the façade of St. Peter's at the centre with the arms of Bernini's colonnade sweeping out on either side. It is midday and tourists are walking and taking photographs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg/1000px-Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg/1500px-Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg/2000px-Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15860" data-file-height="2916" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Square_-_Pan_by_Andrew_Magill_2007.jpg" title="File:Saint Peter's Square - Pan by Andrew Magill 2007.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St. Peter's Basilica is one of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal basilica">papal basilicas</a> (previously styled "patriarchal basilicas")<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the four <a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major Basilicas</a> of Rome the others (all of which are also Papal Basilicas) being the Basilicas of <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbasilica of St. John Lateran">St. John Lateran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">St. Mary Major</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Paul_outside_the_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul outside the Walls">St. Paul outside the Walls</a>. The rank of major basilica confers on St. Peter's Basilica precedence before all <a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">minor basilicas</a> worldwide. However, unlike all the other Papal Major Basilicas, it is wholly within the territory, and thus the sovereign jurisdiction, of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City State</a>, and not that of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bishops vested in white are standing in the sunshine in St. Peter's Square. Most wear white mitres on their heads, except for an Eastern Catholic bishop who wears a distinctive embroidered velvet hat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/220px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/330px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg/440px-Konzilseroeffnung_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1662" /></a><figcaption>Bishops at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> in 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>It is the most prominent building in the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. Its dome is a feature of the skyline of Rome and covers an area of 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres). One of the holiest sites of Christianity and Catholic Tradition, it is traditionally the burial site of its titular, <a href="/wiki/St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter">St. Peter</a>, who was the head of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve apostles">twelve Apostles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and, according to tradition, the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Antioch">Bishop of Antioch</a> and later the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a>, rendering him the first <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>. Although the New Testament does not mention St. Peter's martyrdom in Rome, tradition, based on the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Fathers_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathers of the Church">Fathers of the Church</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> holds that his tomb is below the <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachin</a> and the altar of the Basilica in the "Confession". For this reason, many Popes have, from the early years of the Church, been buried near Pope St. Peter in the necropolis beneath the Basilica. Construction of the current basilica, over the old Constantinian basilica, began on 18 April 1506 and finished in 1615. At length, on 18 November 1626 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> solemnly dedicated the Basilica.<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. Peter's Basilica is neither the Pope's official seat nor first in rank among the <a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major Basilicas</a> of Rome. This honour is held by the Pope's cathedral, the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbasilica of St. John Lateran">Archbasilica of St. John Lateran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mother_church" title="Mother church">mother church</a> of all churches in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. However, St. Peter's is functionally the Pope's principal church, as most Papal liturgies and ceremonies take place there due to its size, proximity to the Papal residence, and location within the Vatican City proper. The "<a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a>", or <a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a>, an ancient chair sometimes presumed to have been used by St. Peter himself, but which was a gift from <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> and used by many popes, symbolizes the continuing line of <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a> from St. Peter to the reigning Pope. It occupies an elevated position in the apse of the Basilica, supported symbolically by the <a href="/wiki/Doctors_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a> and enlightened symbolically by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As one of the constituent structures of the historically and architecturally significant Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica was inscribed as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1984 under criteria (i), (ii), (iv), and (vi).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an exterior area of 21,095 square metres (227,060 sq ft),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an interior area of 15,160 square metres (163,200 sq ft),<sup id="cite_ref-CE_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ellis,_Edward_Robb_pg._413_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis,_Edward_Robb_pg._413-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Peter's Basilica is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest church buildings in the world">largest Christian church building in the world</a> by the two latter metrics and the second largest by the first as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. The top of its dome, at 448.1 feet (136.6 m), also places it as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Rome" title="List of tallest buildings in Rome">second tallest building in Rome</a> as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dome's soaring height placed it among the tallest buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>, and it continues to hold the title of <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_domes" title="List of largest domes">tallest dome in the world</a>. Though the largest dome in the world by diameter at the time of its completion, it no longer holds this distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-Jürgen_Rasch_118_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jürgen_Rasch_118-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Peter's_burial_site"><span id="Saint_Peter.27s_burial_site"></span>Saint Peter's burial site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Saint Peter's burial site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circus_of_Nero.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circus_of_Nero.png/220px-Circus_of_Nero.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circus_of_Nero.png/330px-Circus_of_Nero.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circus_of_Nero.png/440px-Circus_of_Nero.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>A modern conjectural reconstruction of the relative locations of the circus, and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Saint Peter's Basilica">medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St Peter's Basilica">current</a> Basilicas of St. Peter<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion of Jesus</a>, it is recorded in the Biblical book of the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> that one of his twelve disciples, Simon known as Saint Peter, a fisherman from <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, took a leadership position among Jesus' followers and was of great importance in the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian Church</a>. The name Peter is "Petrus" in Latin and "Petros" in Greek, deriving from <i>petra</i> which means "stone" or "rock" in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, and is the literal translation of the Aramaic "Kepa", the name given to Simon by Jesus. (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#1:42" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 1:42</a>, and see <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#16:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 16:18</a>) </p><p>Catholic tradition holds that Peter, after a ministry of thirty-four years, travelled to Rome and met his <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom">martyrdom</a> there along with Paul on 13 October 64 AD during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>. His execution was one of the many martyrdoms of Christians following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire of Rome</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, Peter was crucified head downwards, by his own request because he considered himself unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crucifixion took place near an ancient Egyptian obelisk in the <a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The obelisk now stands in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> and is revered as a "witness" to Peter's death. It is one of several ancient <a href="/wiki/Obelisks_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Obelisks of Rome">Obelisks of Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to tradition, Peter's remains were buried just outside the Circus, on the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Mons Vaticanus</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Via_Cornelia" title="Via Cornelia">Via Cornelia</a> from the Circus, less than 150 metres (490 ft) from his place of death. The Via Cornelia was a road which ran east-to-west along the north wall of the Circus on land now covered by the southern portions of the Basilica and St. Peter's Square. A shrine was built on this site some years later. Almost three hundred years later, <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> was constructed over this site.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area now covered by the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built. It was a burial ground for the numerous executions in the Circus and contained many Christian burials as for many years after the burial of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, many Christians chose to be buried near him.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1939, in the reign of Pope Pius XII, 10 years of archaeological research began under the crypt of the basilica in an area inaccessible since the ninth century. The excavations revealed the remains of shrines of different periods at different levels, from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a> (1594) to <a href="/wiki/Callixtus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Callixtus II">Callixtus II</a> (1123) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a> (590–604), built over an <a href="/wiki/Aedicula" title="Aedicula">aedicula</a> containing fragments of bones that were folded in a tissue with gold decorations, tinted with the precious <a href="/wiki/Murex" title="Murex">murex</a> purple. Although it could not be determined with certainty that the bones were those of Peter, the rare vestments suggested a burial of great importance. On 23 December 1950, in his pre-Christmas radio broadcast to the world, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> announced the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_St._Peter's_Basilica"><span id="Old_St._Peter.27s_Basilica"></span>Old St. Peter's Basilica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old St. Peter's Basilica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre,_Vatican_Obelisk,_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_(1532).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre%2C_Vatican_Obelisk%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_%281532%29.jpg/220px-Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre%2C_Vatican_Obelisk%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_%281532%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre%2C_Vatican_Obelisk%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_%281532%29.jpg/330px-Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre%2C_Vatican_Obelisk%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_%281532%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre%2C_Vatican_Obelisk%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_%281532%29.jpg/440px-Maarten_van_Heemskerck_-_Santa_Maria_della_Febbre%2C_Vatican_Obelisk%2C_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_in_construction_%281532%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1909" /></a><figcaption>Maarten van Heemskerck – Santa Maria della Febbre, Vatican Obelisk, Saint Peter's Basilica in construction (1532)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica,_Rome,_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white engraving of a bird's-eye view of a very large cruciform church. There is a large enclosed forecourt which is fronted by buildings of different dates and styles. There is a tall bell tower and many surrounding structures. A label to the bottom left of the image gives the artist's name and original caption." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica%2C_Rome%2C_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg/220px-Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica%2C_Rome%2C_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica%2C_Rome%2C_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg/330px-Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica%2C_Rome%2C_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica%2C_Rome%2C_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg/440px-Old_St_Peter%27s_Basilica%2C_Rome%2C_about_the_year_1450_restored_from_ancient_authorities.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>A conjectural view of the <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> by H. W. Brewer, 1891</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></div> <p>Old St. Peter's Basilica was the fourth-century church begun by the <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> between 319 and 333 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Cultures_and_Values_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cultures_and_Values-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was of typical basilical form, a wide nave and two aisles on each side and an apsidal end, with the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bema" title="Bema">bema</a>, giving the building the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Tau_cross" title="Tau cross">tau cross</a>. It was over 103.6 metres (340 ft) long, and the entrance was preceded by a large colonnaded <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</a>. This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">St. Peter</a>, though <a href="/wiki/Arab_raid_against_Rome" title="Arab raid against Rome">the tomb was "smashed" in 846 AD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contained a very large number of burials and memorials, including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century. Like all of the earliest churches in Rome, both this church and its successor had the entrance to the east and the apse at the west end of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the construction of the current basilica, the name <i>Old St. Peter's Basilica</i> has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-met_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plan_to_rebuild">Plan to rebuild</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plan to rebuild"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of the 15th century, having been neglected during the period of the <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a>, the old basilica had fallen into disrepair. It appears that the first pope to consider rebuilding or at least making radical changes was <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a> (1447–1455). He commissioned work on the old building from <a href="/wiki/Leone_Battista_Alberti" class="mw-redirect" title="Leone Battista Alberti">Leone Battista Alberti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Rossellino" title="Bernardo Rossellino">Bernardo Rossellino</a> and also had Rossellino design a plan for an entirely new basilica, or an extreme modification of the old. His reign was frustrated by political problems and when he died, little had been achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had, however, ordered the demolition of the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> and by the time of his death, 2,522 cartloads of stone had been transported for use in the new building.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundations were completed for a new transept and choir to form a domed <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a> with the preserved nave and side aisles of the old basilica. Some walls for the choir had also been built.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> planned far more for St Peter's than Nicholas V's program of repair or modification. Julius was at that time planning his own tomb, which was to be designed and adorned with sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> and placed within St Peter's.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1505 Julius made a decision to demolish the ancient basilica and replace it with a monumental structure to house his enormous tomb and "aggrandize himself in the popular imagination".<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A competition was held, and a number of the designs have survived at the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Uffizi Gallery">Uffizi Gallery</a>. A succession of popes and architects followed in the next 120 years, their combined efforts resulting in the present building. The scheme begun by Julius II continued through the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a> (1513–1521), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_VI" title="Pope Adrian VI">Adrian VI</a> (1522–1523), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Clement VII</a> (1523–1534), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a> (1534–1549), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Julius III</a> (1550–1555), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_II" title="Pope Marcellus II">Marcellus II</a> (1555), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Paul IV</a> (1555–1559), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pius IV</a> (1559–1565), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a> (saint) (1565–1572), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Gregory XIII</a> (1572–1585), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a> (1585–1590), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII" title="Pope Urban VII">Urban VII</a> (1590), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Gregory XIV</a> (1590–1591), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IX" title="Pope Innocent IX">Innocent IX</a> (1591), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a> (1592–1605), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XI" title="Pope Leo XI">Leo XI</a> (1605), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Paul V</a> (1605–1621), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV" title="Pope Gregory XV">Gregory XV</a> (1621–1623), <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Urban VIII</a> (1623–1644) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Innocent X</a> (1644–1655). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing_with_indulgences">Financing with indulgences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Financing with indulgences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One method employed to finance the building of St. Peter's Basilica was the granting of <a href="/wiki/Indulgences" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgences">indulgences</a> in return for contributions. A major promoter of this method of fund-raising was <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Albrecht of Mainz">Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg</a>, who had to clear debts owed to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> by contributing to the rebuilding program. To facilitate this, he appointed the German <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> preacher <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tetzel" title="Johann Tetzel">Johann Tetzel</a>, whose salesmanship provoked a scandal and led to the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successive_plans">Successive plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Successive plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pope Julius' scheme for the grandest building in Christendom<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the subject of a competition for which a number of entries remain intact in the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Uffizi Gallery">Uffizi Gallery</a>, Florence. It was the design of <a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a> that was selected, and for which the foundation stone was laid in 1506. This plan was in the form of an enormous <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Cross">Greek Cross</a> with a dome inspired by that of the huge circular Roman temple, the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main difference between Bramante's design and that of the Pantheon is that where the dome of the Pantheon is supported by a continuous wall, that of the new basilica was to be supported only on four large piers. This feature was maintained in the ultimate design. Bramante's dome was to be surmounted by a <a href="/wiki/Roof_lantern" title="Roof lantern">lantern</a> with its own small dome but otherwise very similar in form to the Early Renaissance lantern of <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a> designed for Brunelleschi's dome by <a href="/wiki/Michelozzo" title="Michelozzo">Michelozzo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartt_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bramante had envisioned that the central dome would be surrounded by four lower domes at the diagonal axes. The equal <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a>, nave and transept arms were each to be of two bays ending in an apse. At each corner of the building was to stand a tower, so that the overall plan was square, with the apses projecting at the cardinal points. Each apse had two large radial buttresses, which squared off its semi-circular shape.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Pope Julius died in 1513, Bramante was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_da_Sangallo" title="Giuliano da Sangallo">Giuliano da Sangallo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giocondo" title="Giovanni Giocondo">Fra Giocondo</a>, who both died in 1515 (Bramante himself having died the previous year). <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> was confirmed as the architect of St. Peter's on 1 August 1514.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main change in his plan is the nave of five bays, with a row of complex apsidal chapels off the aisles on either side. Raphael's plan for the chancel and transepts made the squareness of the exterior walls more definite by reducing the size of the towers, and the semi-circular apses more clearly defined by encircling each with an ambulatory.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1520 Raphael also died, aged 37, and his successor <a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Peruzzi" title="Baldassare Peruzzi">Baldassare Peruzzi</a> maintained changes that Raphael had proposed to the internal arrangement of the three main apses, but otherwise reverted to the Greek Cross plan and other features of Bramante.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plan did not go ahead because of various difficulties of both Church and state. In 1527 Rome was sacked and plundered by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Charles_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Charles V">Emperor Charles V</a>. Peruzzi died in 1536 without his plan being realized.<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this point <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</a> submitted a plan which combines features of Peruzzi, Raphael and Bramante in its design and extends the building into a short nave with a wide façade and portico of dynamic projection. His proposal for the dome was much more elaborate of both structure and decoration than that of Bramante and included ribs on the exterior. Like Bramante, Sangallo proposed that the dome be surmounted by a lantern which he redesigned to a larger and much more elaborate form.<sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_1996_p=722_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher_1996_p=722-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sangallo's main practical contribution was to strengthen Bramante's piers which had begun to crack.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 1547 in the reign of Pope Paul III, Michelangelo, then in his seventies, succeeded Sangallo the Younger as "Capomaestro", the superintendent of the building program at St Peter's.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is to be regarded as the principal designer of a large part of the building as it stands today, and as bringing the construction to a point where it could be carried through. He did not take on the job with pleasure; it was forced upon him by Pope Paul, frustrated at the death of his chosen candidate, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Romano_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giulio Romano (painter)">Giulio Romano</a> and the refusal of <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Sansovino" title="Jacopo Sansovino">Jacopo Sansovino</a> to leave <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. Michelangelo wrote, "I undertake this only for the love of God and in honour of the Apostle." He insisted that he should be given a free hand to achieve the ultimate aim by whatever means he saw fit.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintPierre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bramante's plan"><img alt="This is plan 1 of 3. The plan is based on a square, superimposed on a cross with arms of equal length. The cross makes the main sections of the church building: nave and chancel crossed by the transepts, with a circular dome over the crossing. There are four smaller domes, one in each corner of the square. The arms of the cross-project beyond the square." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SaintPierre.svg/300px-SaintPierre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SaintPierre.svg/450px-SaintPierre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SaintPierre.svg/600px-SaintPierre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bramante's plan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 113.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintPierreRaphael.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Raphael's plan"><img alt="Plan 2. This plan has an extended nave with two aisles on either side of it. The main spaces of the church form a Latin Cross." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SaintPierreRaphael.JPG/170px-SaintPierreRaphael.JPG" decoding="async" width="114" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SaintPierreRaphael.JPG/256px-SaintPierreRaphael.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/SaintPierreRaphael.JPG/341px-SaintPierreRaphael.JPG 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Raphael's plan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Michelangelo's plan"><img alt="Plan 3. This plan shows a return to the form of plan 1. but with all the various parts made bolder." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG/249px-L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG/373px-L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG/497px-L%E2%80%99Architecture_de_la_Renaissance_-_Fig._13.PNG 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Michelangelo's plan</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Michelangelo's_contribution"><span id="Michelangelo.27s_contribution"></span>Michelangelo's contribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Michelangelo's contribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> took over a building site at which four piers, enormous beyond any constructed since ancient Roman times, were rising behind the remaining nave of the old basilica. He also inherited the numerous schemes designed and redesigned by some of the greatest architectural and engineering minds of the 16th century. There were certain common elements in these schemes. They all called for a dome to equal that engineered by <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Brunelleschi</a> a century earlier and which has since dominated the skyline of Renaissance Florence, and they all called for a strongly symmetrical plan of either <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek Cross</a> form, like the iconic <a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mark's Basilica">St. Mark's Basilica</a> in Venice, or of a <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin Cross</a> with the transepts of identical form to the chancel, as at <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a>. </p><p>Even though the work had progressed only a little in 40 years, Michelangelo did not simply dismiss the ideas of the previous architects. He drew on them in developing a grand vision. Above all, Michelangelo recognized the essential quality of Bramante's original design. He reverted to the Greek Cross and, as <a href="/wiki/Helen_Gardner_(art_historian)" title="Helen Gardner (art historian)">Helen Gardner</a> expresses it: "Without destroying the centralising features of Bramante's plan, Michelangelo, with a few strokes of the pen converted its snowflake complexity into massive, cohesive unity."<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As it stands today, St. Peter's has been extended with a nave by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> end (the ecclesiastical "Eastern end") with its huge centrally placed dome that is the work of Michelangelo. Because of its location within the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican State">Vatican State</a> and because the projection of the nave screens the dome from sight when the building is approached from the square in front of it, the work of Michelangelo is best appreciated from a distance. What becomes apparent is that the architect has greatly reduced the clearly defined geometric forms of Bramante's plan of a square with square projections, and also of Raphael's plan of a square with semi-circular projections.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michelangelo has blurred the definition of the geometry by making the external masonry of massive proportions and filling in every corner with a small <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestry</a> or stairwell. The effect created is of a continuous wall surface that is folded or fractured at different angles, but lacks the right angles which usually define change of direction at the corners of a building. This exterior is surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Giant_order" title="Giant order">giant order</a> of Corinthian pilasters all set at slightly different angles to each other, in keeping with the ever-changing angles of the wall's surface. Above them, the huge cornice ripples in a continuous band, giving the appearance of keeping the whole building in a state of compression.<sup id="cite_ref-Mignacca_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mignacca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dome:_successive_and_final_designs">Dome: successive and final designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dome: successive and final designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dome of St. Peter's rises to a total height of 136.57 metres (448.1 ft) from the floor of the basilica to the top of the external cross. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_domes" title="List of tallest domes">tallest dome in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its internal diameter is 41.47 metres (136.1 ft), slightly smaller than two of the three other huge domes that preceded it, those of the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, 43.3 metres (142 ft), and <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Early Renaissance</a>, 44 metres (144 ft). It has a greater diameter by approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) than Constantinople's <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a> church, completed in 537. It was to the domes of the Pantheon and Florence <a href="/wiki/Duomo" title="Duomo">duomo</a> that the architects of St. Peter's looked for solutions as to how to go about building what was conceived, from the outset, as the greatest dome of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bramante_and_Sangallo,_1506_and_1513"><span id="Bramante_and_Sangallo.2C_1506_and_1513"></span>Bramante and Sangallo, 1506 and 1513</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bramante and Sangallo, 1506 and 1513"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caradosso_Foppa,_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_(reverse),_1506,_NGA_44669.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caradosso_Foppa%2C_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_%28reverse%29%2C_1506%2C_NGA_44669.jpg/170px-Caradosso_Foppa%2C_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_%28reverse%29%2C_1506%2C_NGA_44669.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caradosso_Foppa%2C_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_%28reverse%29%2C_1506%2C_NGA_44669.jpg/255px-Caradosso_Foppa%2C_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_%28reverse%29%2C_1506%2C_NGA_44669.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caradosso_Foppa%2C_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_%28reverse%29%2C_1506%2C_NGA_44669.jpg/340px-Caradosso_Foppa%2C_View_of_Saint_Peter%27s_%28reverse%29%2C_1506%2C_NGA_44669.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4450" data-file-height="4450" /></a><figcaption>1506 medal by <a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_Foppa" title="Cristoforo Foppa">Cristoforo Foppa</a> depicting Bramante's design, including the four flanking smaller domes<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The dome of the Pantheon stands on a circular wall with no entrances or windows except a single door. The whole building is as high as it is wide. Its dome is constructed in a single shell of <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>, made light by the inclusion of a large amount of the volcanic stones tuff and pumice. The inner surface of the dome is deeply <a href="/wiki/Coffering" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffering">coffered</a> which has the effect of creating both vertical and horizontal ribs while lightening the overall load. At the summit is an ocular opening 8 metres (26 ft) across which provides light to the interior.<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bramante's plan for the dome of St. Peter's (1506) follows that of the Pantheon very closely, and like that of the Pantheon, was designed to be constructed in <a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">Tufa</a> Concrete for which he had rediscovered a formula. With the exception of the lantern that surmounts it, the profile is very similar, except that in this case, the supporting wall becomes a <a href="/wiki/Drum_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum (architecture)">drum</a> raised high above ground level on four massive piers. The solid wall, as used at the Pantheon, is lightened at St. Peter's by Bramante piercing it with windows and encircling it with a <a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">peristyle</a>. </p><p>In the case of <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a>, the desired visual appearance of the pointed dome existed for many years before <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Brunelleschi</a> made its construction feasible.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its double-shell construction of bricks locked together in a herringbone pattern (re-introduced from Byzantine architecture), and the gentle upward slope of its eight stone ribs made it possible for the construction to take place without the massive wooden formwork necessary to construct hemispherical arches. While its appearance, with the exception of the details of the lantern, is entirely Gothic, its engineering was highly innovative, and the product of a mind that had studied the huge vaults and remaining dome of Ancient Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartt_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sangallo's plan (1513), of which a large wooden model still exists, looks to both these predecessors. He realized the value of both the coffering at the Pantheon and the outer stone ribs at Florence Cathedral. He strengthened and extended the peristyle of Bramante into a series of arched and ordered openings around the base, with a second such arcade set back in a tier above the first. In his hands, the rather delicate form of the lantern, based closely on that in Florence, became a massive structure, surrounded by a projecting base, a <a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">peristyle</a> and surmounted by a spire of conic form.<sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_1996_p=722_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher_1996_p=722-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/James_Lees-Milne" title="James Lees-Milne">James Lees-Milne</a> the design was "too eclectic, too pernickety and too tasteless to have been a success".<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_(zzf).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bramante's dome"><img alt="Engraved image in two parts. The left side shows the exterior of the dome, and the right side shows a cross-section. The dome is constructed of a single shell, surrounded at its base by a continuous colonnade and surmounted by a temple-like lantern with a ball and cross on top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzf%29.jpg/204px-Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzf%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzf%29.jpg/307px-Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzf%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzf%29.jpg/409px-Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzf%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bramante's dome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_(zzg).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sangallo's design"><img alt="An engraved picture showing an immensely complex design for the façade, with two ornate towers and a multitude of windows, pilasters and pediments, above which the dome rises looking like a three-tiered wedding cake." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzg%29.jpg/360px-Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzg%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzg%29.jpg/540px-Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzg%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Roma_S.Pietro_in_Vaticano_%28zzg%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="555" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sangallo's design</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 261.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 259.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speculum_Romanae_Magnificentiae-_Elevation_Showing_the_Exterior_of_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_from_the_South_as_Conceived_by_Michelagelo_(Published_in_1569)_MET_DT203424.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The engraving by Stefan du Pérac was published in 1569, five years after the death of Michelangelo."><img alt="This engraving shows the chancel end of the building much as it was built, except that the dome in this picture is completely semi-circular, not ovoid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Speculum_Romanae_Magnificentiae-_Elevation_Showing_the_Exterior_of_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_from_the_South_as_Conceived_by_Michelagelo_%28Published_in_1569%29_MET_DT203424.jpg/389px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Speculum_Romanae_Magnificentiae-_Elevation_Showing_the_Exterior_of_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_from_the_South_as_Conceived_by_Michelagelo_%28Published_in_1569%29_MET_DT203424.jpg/585px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Speculum_Romanae_Magnificentiae-_Elevation_Showing_the_Exterior_of_Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_from_the_South_as_Conceived_by_Michelagelo_%28Published_in_1569%29_MET_DT203424.jpg/778px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3811" data-file-height="2791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The engraving by Stefan du Pérac was published in 1569, five years after the death of Michelangelo.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Michelangelo_and_Giacomo_della_Porta,_1547_and_1585"><span id="Michelangelo_and_Giacomo_della_Porta.2C_1547_and_1585"></span>Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo. The façade is wide and has a row of huge columns rising from the basement to support the cornice. The ribbed, ovoid dome is surmounted by a lantern topped with ball and cross. Its drum is framed by two very much smaller domes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg/220px-Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg/330px-Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg/440px-Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>St. Peter's Basilica from <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a> showing the dome rising behind Maderno's façade</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo looking up at the dome's interior from below. The dome is decorated at the top with a band of script. Around its base are windows through which the light streams. The decoration is divided by many vertical ribs which are ornamented with golden stars." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Citt%C3%A0_del_vaticano.Basilica_di_San_Pietro._Interno_della_cupola._Maggio_2010_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The dome was brought to completion by Giacomo della Porta and Fontana.</figcaption></figure> <p>Michelangelo redesigned the dome in 1547, taking into account all that had gone before. His dome, like that of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, is constructed of two shells of brick, the outer one having 16 stone ribs, twice the number at Florence but far fewer than in Sangallo's design. As with the designs of Bramante and Sangallo, the dome is raised from the piers on a drum. The encircling peristyle of Bramante and the arcade of Sangallo are reduced to 16 pairs of Corinthian columns, each of 15 metres (49 ft) high which stand proud of the building, connected by an arch. Visually they appear to buttress each of the ribs, but structurally they are probably quite redundant. The reason for this is that the dome is ovoid in shape, rising steeply as does the <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> of Florence Cathedral, and therefore exerting less outward thrust than does a <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">hemispherical</a> dome, such as that of the Pantheon, which, although it is not buttressed, is countered by the downward thrust of heavy masonry which extends above the circling wall.<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ovoid profile of the dome has been the subject of much speculation and scholarship over the past century. Michelangelo died in 1564, leaving the drum of the dome complete, and Bramante's piers much bulkier than originally designed, each 18 metres (59 ft) across. Following his death, the work continued under his assistant <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola">Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola</a> with <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> appointed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> as a watchdog to make sure that Michelangelo's plans were carried out exactly. Despite Vignola's knowledge of Michelangelo's intentions, little happened in this period. In 1585 the energetic <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a> who was to be assisted by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a>. The five-year reign of Sixtus was to see the building advance at a great rate.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michelangelo left a few drawings, including an early drawing of the dome, and some details. There were also detailed engravings published in 1569 by Stefan du Pérac who claimed that they were the master's final solution. Michelangelo, like Sangallo before him, also left a large wooden model. Giacomo della Porta subsequently altered this model in several ways. The major change restored an earlier design, in which the outer dome appears to rise above, rather than rest directly on the base.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the other changes were of a cosmetic nature, such as the adding of lion's masks over the swags on the drum in honour of Pope Sixtus and adding a circlet of <a href="/wiki/Finial" title="Finial">finials</a> around the spire at the top of the lantern, as proposed by Sangallo.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A drawing by Michelangelo indicates that his early intentions were towards an ovoid dome, rather than a hemispherical one.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an engraving in <a href="/wiki/Galasso_Alghisi" title="Galasso Alghisi">Galasso Alghisi</a>' treatise (1563), the dome may be represented as ovoid, but the perspective is ambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stefan du Pérac's engraving (1569) shows a hemispherical dome, but this was perhaps an inaccuracy of the engraver. The profile of the wooden model is more ovoid than that of the engravings, but less so than the finished product. It has been suggested that Michelangelo on his death bed reverted to the more pointed shape. However, Lees-Milne cites Giacomo della Porta as taking full responsibility for the change and as indicating to Pope Sixtus that Michelangelo was lacking in the scientific understanding of which he himself was capable.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Helen Gardner suggests that Michelangelo made the change to the hemispherical dome of lower profile in order to establish a balance between the dynamic vertical elements of the encircling giant order of pilasters and a more static and reposeful dome. Gardner also comments, "The sculpturing of architecture [by Michelangelo] ... here extends itself up from the ground through the attic stories and moves on into the drum and dome, the whole building being pulled together into a unity from base to summit."<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is this sense of the building being sculptured, unified and "pulled together" by the encircling band of the deep cornice that led Eneide Mignacca to conclude that the ovoid profile, seen now in the end product, was an essential part of Michelangelo's first (and last) concept. The sculptor/architect has, figuratively speaking, taken all the previous designs in hand and compressed their contours as if the building were a lump of clay. The dome <i>must</i> appear to thrust upwards because of the apparent pressure created by flattening the building's angles and restraining its projections.<sup id="cite_ref-Mignacca_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mignacca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this explanation is the correct one, then the profile of the dome is not merely a structural solution, as perceived by Giacomo della Porta; it is part of the integrated design solution that is about visual tension and compression. In one sense, Michelangelo's dome may appear to look backward to the Gothic profile of Florence Cathedral and ignore the <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> of the Renaissance, but on the other hand, perhaps more than any other building of the 16th century, it prefigures the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">architecture of the Baroque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mignacca_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mignacca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Completion">Completion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Completion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana brought the dome to completion in 1590, the last year of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a>. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory XIV">Gregory XIV</a>, saw Fontana complete the lantern and had an inscription to the honour of Sixtus V placed around its inner opening. The next pope, <a href="/wiki/Clement_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a>, had the cross raised into place, an event which took all day, and was accompanied by the ringing of the bells of all the city's churches. In the arms of the cross are set two lead caskets, one containing a fragment of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> and a relic of <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew">St. Andrew</a> and the other containing medallions of the Holy Lamb.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-18th century, cracks appeared in the dome, so four iron chains were installed between the two shells to bind it, like the rings that keep a barrel from bursting. As many as ten chains have been installed at various times, the earliest possibly planned by Michelangelo himself as a precaution, as Brunelleschi did at Florence Cathedral.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Around the inside of the dome is written, in letters 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) high: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>TV ES PETRVS ET SVPER HANC PETRAM AEDIFICABO ECCLESIAM MEAM ET TIBI DABO CLAVES REGNI CAELORVM<br />("... you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church. ... and I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven ..." <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16:18–19&version=4">Matthew 16:18–19</a>.)</p></blockquote> <p>Beneath the lantern is the inscription: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>S. PETRI GLORIAE SIXTVS PP. V. A. M. D. XC. PONTIF. V.<br />(To the glory of St Peter; Sixtus V, pope, in the year 1590, the fifth of his pontificate.)</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Discovery_of_Michelangelo_draft">Discovery of Michelangelo draft</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Discovery of Michelangelo draft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 December 2007, a fragment of a red chalk drawing of a section of the dome of the basilica, almost certainly by the hand of Michelangelo, was discovered in the Vatican archives.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_sketch_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_sketch-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drawing shows a small precisely drafted section of the plan of the entablature above two of the radial columns of the cupola drum. Michelangelo is known to have destroyed thousands of his drawings before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rare survival of this example is probably due to its fragmentary state and the fact that detailed mathematical calculations had been made over the top of the drawing.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_sketch_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_sketch-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Addition_of_nave_and_facade">Addition of nave and facade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Addition of nave and facade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StPetersplan_OttoLeuger1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/StPetersplan_OttoLeuger1904.jpg/280px-StPetersplan_OttoLeuger1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/StPetersplan_OttoLeuger1904.jpg/420px-StPetersplan_OttoLeuger1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/StPetersplan_OttoLeuger1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Michelangelo's plan extended with Maderno's nave and narthex</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 February 1606, under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a>, the dismantling of the remaining parts of the Constantinian basilica began.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marble cross that had been set at the top of the pediment by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> was lowered to the ground. The timbers were salvaged for the roof of the <a href="/wiki/Borghese_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Borghese Palace">Borghese Palace</a> and two rare black <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> columns, the largest of their kind, were carefully stored and later used in the <a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a>. The tombs of various popes were opened, treasures removed and plans made for re-interment in the new basilica.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pope had appointed <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a> in 1602. He was a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a> and had demonstrated himself as a dynamic architect. Maderno's idea was to ring Michelangelo's building with chapels, but the Pope was hesitant about deviating from the master's plan, even though he had been dead for forty years. The <i>Fabbrica</i> or building <a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">committee</a>, a group drawn from various nationalities and generally despised by the <a href="/wiki/Curia" title="Curia">Curia</a> who viewed the basilica as belonging to Rome rather than Christendom, were in a quandary as to how the building should proceed. One of the matters that influenced their thinking was the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> which increasingly associated a <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek Cross</a> plan with paganism and saw the <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin Cross</a> as truly symbolic of Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central plan also did not have a "dominant orientation toward the east."<sup id="cite_ref-Pile_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pile-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another influence on the thinking of both the Fabbrica and the Curia was a certain guilt at the demolition of the ancient building. The ground on which it and its various associated chapels, <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">sacristies</a> had stood for so long was hallowed. The only solution was to build a nave that encompassed the whole space. In 1607 a committee of ten architects was called together, and a decision was made to extend Michelangelo's building into a nave. Maderno's plans for both the nave and the <a href="/wiki/Facade" class="mw-redirect" title="Facade">facade</a> were accepted. </p><p>The building of the nave began on 7 May 1607, and proceeded at a great rate, with an army of 700 labourers being employed. The following year, the façade was begun, in December 1614 the final touches were added to the <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a> decoration of the vault and early in 1615 the partition wall between the two sections was pulled down. All the rubble was carted away, and the nave was ready for use by <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees-Milne1967_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees-Milne1967-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maderno's_facade"><span id="Maderno.27s_facade"></span>Maderno's facade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Maderno's facade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ornate building in the early morning with a giant order of columns beneath a Latin inscription, fourteen statues on the roofline, and large dome on top." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_%282%29.JPG/220px-0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_%282%29.JPG/330px-0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_%282%29.JPG/440px-0_Basilique_Saint-Pierre_-_Rome_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Maderno's façade, with the statues of Saint Peter (left) and Saint Paul (right) flanking the entrance stairs</figcaption></figure> <p>The facade designed by Maderno, is 114.69 metres (376.3 ft) wide and 45.55 metres (149.4 ft) high and is built of <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> stone, with a giant order of Corinthian columns and a central pediment rising in front of a tall <a href="/wiki/Attic_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Attic style">attic</a> surmounted by thirteen statues: <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> flanked by eleven of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> (except Saint Peter, whose statue is left of the stairs) and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscription below the <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornice</a> on the 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT MAX AN MDCXII PONT VII<br />(In honour of the <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Peter">Prince of Apostles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Paul V</a> Borghese, a Roman, Supreme Pontiff, in the year 1612, the seventh of his pontificate)</p></blockquote> <p>(Paul V (Camillo Borghese), born in Rome but of a Sienese family, liked to emphasize his "Romanness".) </p><p>The facade is often cited as the least satisfactory part of the design of St. Peter's. The reasons for this, according to James Lees-Milne, are that it was not given enough consideration by the Pope and committee because of the desire to get the building completed quickly, coupled with the fact that Maderno was hesitant to deviate from the pattern set by Michelangelo at the other end of the building. Lees-Milne describes the problems of the façade as being too broad for its height, too cramped in its details and too heavy in the <a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">attic</a> story. The breadth is caused by modifying the plan to have towers on either side. These towers were never executed above the line of the facade because it was discovered that the ground was not sufficiently stable to bear the weight. One effect of the facade and lengthened nave is to screen the view of the dome, so that the building, from the front, has no vertical feature, except from a distance.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bernini's_Towers"><span id="Bernini.27s_Towers"></span>Bernini's Towers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bernini's Towers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban</a> had long been a critic of Bernini's predecessor, Carlo Maderno. His disapproval of the architect's work stemmed largely from Maderno's design for the longitudinal nave of St. Peters, which was widely condemned for obscuring Michelangelo's dome. When the Pope gave the commission to Bernini he therefore requested that a new design for the facade's bell towers to be submitted for consideration. Baldinucci describes Bernini's tower as consisting of "two orders of columns and pilasters, the first order being <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a>" and "a third or attic story formed of pilasters and two columns on either side of the open archway in the center". </p><p>Pope Urban desired the towers to be completed by a very specific date: 29 June 1641, the feast day dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a>. To this end an order was issued which stated that "all work should take a second seat to that of the campanile". The south tower was completed on time even in spite of these issues, but records show that in the wake of the unveiling the Pope was not content with what he saw and he ordered the top level of Bernini's tower removed so that the structure could be made even grander. The tower continued to grow, and as the construction began to settle, the first cracks started to appear followed by Urban's infamous public admonishment of his architect. </p><p>In 1642 all work on both towers came to a halt. Bernini had to pay the cost for the demolition; eventually the idea of completing the bell towers was abandoned. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo shows view of vestibule with three huge doorways leading to the church's interior. The doors are framed by columns and have pediments. The floor is of inlaid marble. The nearest doorway is closed by two huge ancient bronze doors. A group listens to a tour guide while one woman examines the doors." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg/170px-San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg/255px-San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg/340px-San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>The narthex</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Narthex_and_portals">Narthex and portals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Narthex and portals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Behind the façade of St. Peter's stretches a long portico or "<a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a>" such as was occasionally found in Italian churches. This is the part of Maderno's design with which he was most satisfied. Its long barrel vault is decorated with ornate stucco and gilt, and successfully illuminated by small windows between pendentives, while the ornate marble floor is beamed with light reflected in from the piazza. At each end of the narthex is a theatrical space framed by ionic columns and within each is set a statue, an <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charlemagne_(Cornacchini)" title="Equestrian statue of Charlemagne (Cornacchini)">equestrian statue of Charlemagne</a> (18th century) by <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Cornacchini" title="Agostino Cornacchini">Cornacchini</a> in the south end and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_of_Constantine_(Bernini)" title="The Vision of Constantine (Bernini)">The Vision of Constantine</a></i> (1670) by <a href="/wiki/Bernini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernini">Bernini</a> in the north end. </p><p>Five portals, of which three are framed by huge salvaged antique columns, lead into the basilica. The central portal has a <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> door created by <a href="/wiki/Filarete" title="Filarete">Antonio Averulino</a> c. 1440 for the old basilica<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and somewhat enlarged to fit the new space. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maderno's_nave"><span id="Maderno.27s_nave"></span>Maderno's nave</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Maderno's nave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of the interior of the vast building with arcades, and a coffered ceiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg/220px-St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg/330px-St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg/440px-St-peters-basilica-interior-pannini-1731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Maderno's nave, looking towards the chancel, as painted by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Pannini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Paolo Pannini">Giovanni Paolo Pannini</a>, 1731</figcaption></figure> <p>To the single bay of Michelangelo's Greek Cross, Maderno added a further three bays. He made the dimensions slightly different from Michelangelo's bay, thus defining where the two architectural works meet. Maderno also tilted the axis of the nave slightly. This was not by accident, as suggested by his critics. An ancient <a href="/wiki/List_of_obelisks_in_Rome" title="List of obelisks in Rome">Egyptian obelisk</a> had been erected in the square outside, but had not been quite aligned with Michelangelo's building, so Maderno compensated, in order that it should, at least, align with the Basilica's façade.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nave has huge paired <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a>, in keeping with Michelangelo's work. The size of the interior is so "stupendously large" that it is hard to get a sense of scale within the building.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubs</a> who flutter against the first piers of the nave, carrying between them two <a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">holy water</a> basins, appear of quite normal cherubic size, until approached. Then it becomes apparent that each one is over 2 metres high and that real children cannot reach the basins unless they scramble up the marble draperies. The aisles each have two smaller <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapels</a> and a larger rectangular chapel, the Chapel of the Sacrament and the Choir Chapel. These are lavishly decorated with marble, stucco, <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a>. Remarkably, all of the large altarpieces, with the exception of the Holy Trinity by Pietro da Cortona in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, have been reproduced in mosaic. Two precious paintings from the old basilica, Our Lady of Perpetual Help and Our Lady of the Column are still being used as altarpieces. </p><p>Maderno's last work at St. Peter's was to design a crypt-like space or "Confessio" under the dome, where the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a> and other privileged persons could descend in order to be nearer to the burial place of the apostle. Its marble steps are remnants of the old basilica and around its <a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">balustrade</a> are 95 bronze lamps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_church_architecture">Influence on church architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Influence on church architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The design of St. Peter's Basilica, and in particular its dome, has greatly influenced <a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">church architecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christendom</a>. Within Rome, the huge domed church of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">Sant'Andrea della Valle</a> was designed by Giacomo della Porta before the completion of St Peter's Basilica, and subsequently worked on by Carlo Maderno. This was followed by the domes of <a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_ai_Catinari" title="San Carlo ai Catinari">San Carlo ai Catinari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_in_Agone" title="Sant'Agnese in Agone">Sant'Agnese in Agone</a>, and many others. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a>'s dome at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England), the domes of <a href="/wiki/Karlskirche" title="Karlskirche">Karlskirche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria), <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Church_(Mal%C3%A1_Strana)" title="St. Nicholas Church (Malá Strana)">St. Nicholas Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic), and the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantheon, Paris">Pantheon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France) all pay <a href="/wiki/Homage_(feudal)" title="Homage (feudal)">homage</a> to St Peter's Basilica. </p><p>The 19th and early-20th-century architectural revivals brought about the building of a great number of churches that imitate elements of St Peter's to a greater or lesser degree, including <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_of_the_Angels_in_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary of the Angels in Chicago">St. Mary of the Angels in Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Josaphat%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Josaphat's Basilica">St. Josaphat's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary_in_Pittsburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Immaculate Heart of Mary in Pittsburgh">Immaculate Heart of Mary in Pittsburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_the_World_Cathedral" title="Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral">Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, which replicates many aspects of St Peter's on a smaller scale. <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodernism</a> has seen free adaptations of St Peter's in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Liche%C5%84" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń">Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace_of_Yamoussoukro" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro">Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bernini's_furnishings"><span id="Bernini.27s_furnishings"></span>Bernini's furnishings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bernini's furnishings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pews before the ornate, gold-leafed throne of St. Peter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG/220px-The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG/330px-The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG/440px-The_Chair_of_Saint_Peter_adjusted.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3372" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>The apse with St. Peter's Cathedral supported by four Doctors of the Church</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pope_Urban_VIII_and_Bernini">Pope Urban VIII and Bernini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pope Urban VIII and Bernini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a young boy <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> (1598–1680) visited St. Peter's with the painter <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a> and stated his wish to build "a mighty throne for the apostle". His wish came true. As a young man, in 1626, he received the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> and worked on the embellishment of the Basilica for 50 years. Appointed as Maderno's successor in 1629, he was to become regarded as the greatest architect and sculptor of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> period. Bernini's works at St. Peter's include the <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachin</a> (baldaquin, from Italian: <i>baldacchino</i>), the Chapel of the Sacrament, the plan for the niches and <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggias</a> in the piers of the dome and the <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">chair of St. Peter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baldacchino_and_niches">Baldacchino and niches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Baldacchino and niches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a></div> <p>Bernini's first work at St. Peter's was to design the <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">baldacchino</a>, a pavilion-like structure 28.74 metres (94.3 ft) tall and claimed to be the largest piece of bronze in the world, which stands beneath the dome and above the altar. Its design is based on the <a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture)" title="Ciborium (architecture)"><i>ciborium</i></a>, of which there are many in the churches of Rome, serving to create a sort of holy space above and around the table on which the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacrament</a> is laid for the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> and emphasizing the significance of this ritual. These <i>ciboria</i> are generally of white marble, with inlaid coloured stone. Bernini's concept was for something very different. He took his inspiration in part from the <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachin</a> or canopy carried above the head of the pope in processions, and in part from eight ancient columns that had formed part of a screen in the old basilica. Their twisted <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_columns" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomonic columns">barley-sugar shape</a> had a special significance as they were modelled on those of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple of Jerusalem</a> and donated by the <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Emperor Constantine</a>. Based on these columns, Bernini created four huge columns of bronze, twisted and decorated with laurel leaves and bees, which were the emblem of Pope Urban. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo shows the baldachin standing in the centre of the church, viewed looking towards the nave. There is an altar beneath it which has a red and gold frontal cloth decorated with large crosses." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg/170px-Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg/255px-Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg/340px-Interiorvaticano8baldaquino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>The altar with Bernini's baldacchino</figcaption></figure> <p>The baldacchino is surmounted not with an architectural pediment, like most baldacchini, but with curved Baroque brackets supporting a draped canopy, like the brocade canopies carried in processions above precious iconic images. In this case, the draped canopy is of bronze, and all the details, including the olive leaves, bees, and the portrait heads of Urban's niece in childbirth and her newborn son, are picked out in gold leaf. The baldacchino stands as a vast free-standing sculptural object, central to and framed by the largest space within the building. It is so large that the visual effect is to create a link between the enormous dome which appears to float above it, and the congregation at floor level of the basilica. It is penetrated visually from every direction, and is visually linked to the <i><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Cathedra Petri</a></i> in the apse behind it and to the four piers containing large statues that are at each diagonal.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the scheme for the central space of the church, Bernini had the huge piers, begun by Bramante and completed by Michelangelo, hollowed out into niches, and had staircases made inside them, leading to four <a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">balconies</a>. There was much dismay from those who thought that the dome might fall, but it did not. On the balconies Bernini created showcases, framed by the eight ancient twisted columns, to display the four most precious relics of the basilica: the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">spear of Longinus</a>, said to have pierced the side of Christ, the <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">veil of Veronica</a>, with the miraculous image of the face of Christ, a fragment of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> discovered in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by Constantine's mother, <a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena</a>, and a relic of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Saint Andrew</a>, the brother of Saint Peter. In each of the niches that surround the central space of the basilica was placed a huge statue of the saint associated with the relic above. Only <i>Saint Longinus</i> is the work of Bernini.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See below) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cathedra_Petri_and_Chapel_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament">Cathedra Petri and Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cathedra Petri and Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The chair-shaped bronze reliquary which holds the throne of St Peter is much larger than a normal chair, is ornate in shape and decorated with relief sculpture and gold leaf. The "Gloria" which surrounds a round window is a sculpture of clouds and sun-rays, surrounded by angels, the whole lot being covered in gleaming gold leaf." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg/220px-Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg/330px-Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg/440px-Cathedrapetri%2Bgloria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Bernini's Cathedra Petri and <i>Gloria</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Bernini then turned his attention to another precious relic, the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Cathedra_Petri" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedra Petri">Cathedra Petri</a></i> or "throne of St. Peter" a chair which was often claimed to have been used by the apostle, but appears to date from the 12th century. As the chair itself was fast deteriorating and was no longer serviceable, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> determined to enshrine it in suitable splendor as the object upon which the line of successors to Peter was based. Bernini created a large bronze throne in which it was housed, raised high on four looping supports held effortlessly by massive bronze statues of four <a href="/wiki/Doctors_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a>, Saints <a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustine">Augustine</a> representing the Latin Church and <a href="/wiki/Athanasius" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>, the Greek Church. The four figures are dynamic with sweeping robes and expressions of adoration and ecstasy. Behind and above the cathedra, a blaze of light comes in through a window of yellow <a href="/wiki/Alabaster" title="Alabaster">alabaster</a>, illuminating, at its centre, the Dove of the Holy Spirit. The elderly painter, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Sacchi" title="Andrea Sacchi">Andrea Sacchi</a>, had urged Bernini to make the figures large, so that they would be seen well from the central portal of the nave. The chair was enshrined in its new home with great celebration of 16 January 1666.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bernini's final work for St. Peter's, undertaken in 1676, was the decoration of the Chapel of the Sacrament.<sup id="cite_ref-Basilica_Info_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basilica_Info-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To hold the sacramental Host, he designed a miniature version in gilt bronze of Bramante's <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Montorio#The_Tempietto" title="San Pietro in Montorio">Tempietto</a>, the little chapel that marks the place of the death of St. Peter. On either side is an angel, one gazing in rapt adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome. Bernini died in 1680 in his 82nd year.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="St._Peter's_Piazza"><span id="St._Peter.27s_Piazza"></span>St. Peter's Piazza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: St. Peter's Piazza"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_San_Pietro_(notte).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Behind a large monolithic obelisk, the facade of St. Peter's Basilica, lit by floodlights, rising majestically against the night sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_%28notte%29.jpg/220px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_%28notte%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_%28notte%29.jpg/330px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_%28notte%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_%28notte%29.jpg/440px-Basilica_di_San_Pietro_%28notte%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>St. Peter's Basilica and the piazza at night</figcaption></figure> <p>To the east of the basilica is the <i>Piazza di San Pietro</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>). The present arrangement, constructed between 1656 and 1667, is the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> inspiration of Bernini who inherited a location already occupied by an Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> which was centrally placed, (with some contrivance) to Maderno's facade.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a>, known as "The Witness", at 25.31 metres (83.0 ft) and a total height, including base and the cross on top, of 40 metres (130 ft), is the second largest standing obelisk, and the only one to remain standing since its removal from Egypt and re-erection at the <a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a> in 37 AD, where it is thought to have stood witness to the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a> of Saint Peter.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its removal to its present location by order of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> and engineered by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a> on 28 September 1586, was an operation fraught with difficulties and nearly ending in disaster when the ropes holding the obelisk began to smoke from the friction. Fortunately this problem was noticed by Benedetto Bresca, a sailor of <a href="/wiki/Sanremo" title="Sanremo">Sanremo</a>, and for his swift intervention, his town was granted the privilege of providing the palms that are used at the basilica each <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View of one fountain which rises in two tiers from a sculptured pool. The fountain is playing and the water is sparkling." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg/220px-Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg/330px-Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg/440px-Fountain_of_Carlo_Maderno_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="2019" /></a><figcaption>One of the two fountains which form the axis of the piazza</figcaption></figure> <p>The other object in the old square with which Bernini had to contend was a large <a href="/wiki/Fountain" title="Fountain">fountain</a> designed by Maderno in 1613 and set to one side of the obelisk, making a line parallel with the facade. Bernini's plan uses this horizontal axis as a major feature of his unique, spatially dynamic and highly symbolic design. The most obvious solutions were either a rectangular piazza of vast proportions so that the obelisk stood centrally and the fountain (and a matching companion) could be included, or a trapezoid piazza which fanned out from the facade of the basilica like that in front of the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Palazzo Pubblico</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>. The problems of the square plan are that the necessary width to include the fountain would entail the demolition of numerous buildings, including some of the Vatican, and would minimize the effect of the facade. The <a href="/wiki/Trapezoid" title="Trapezoid">trapezoid</a> plan, on the other hand, would maximize the apparent width of the facade, which was already perceived as a fault of the design.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Evening aerial view of the piazza and facade</figcaption></figure> <p>Bernini's ingenious solution was to create a piazza in two sections. That part which is nearest the basilica is trapezoid, but rather than fanning out from the facade, it narrows. This gives the effect of countering the visual perspective. It means that from the second part of the piazza, the building looks nearer than it is, the breadth of the facade is minimized and its height appears greater in proportion to its width. The second section of the piazza is a huge elliptical circus which gently slopes downwards to the obelisk at its centre. The two distinct areas are framed by a colonnade formed by doubled pairs of columns supporting an <a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a> of the simple <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_order" title="Tuscan order">Tuscan Order</a>. </p><p>The part of the colonnade that is around the ellipse does not entirely encircle it, but reaches out in two arcs, symbolic of the arms of "the Catholic Church reaching out to welcome its communicants".<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The obelisk and Maderno's fountain mark the widest axis of the ellipse. Bernini balanced the scheme with another fountain in 1675. The approach to the square used to be through a jumble of old buildings, which added an element of surprise to the vista that opened up upon passing through the colonnade. Nowadays a long wide street, the <a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> after the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateran Treaties">Lateran Treaties</a>, leads from the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">River Tiber</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">piazza</a> and gives distant views of St. Peter's as the visitor approaches, with the basilica acting as a <a href="/wiki/Terminating_vista" title="Terminating vista">terminating vista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bernini's transformation of the site is entirely Baroque in concept. Where Bramante and Michelangelo conceived a building that stood in "self-sufficient isolation", Bernini made the whole complex "expansively relate to its environment".<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_46-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banister Fletcher says "No other city has afforded such a wide-swept approach to its cathedral church, no other architect could have conceived a design of greater nobility ... (it is) the greatest of all atriums before the greatest of all churches of Christendom."<sup id="cite_ref-BF_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Peter%27s_Square,_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="At the front of the view are the backs of thirteen large statues that stand in along the edge of the façade. Beyond them can be seen the piazza which is in three parts. The nearest appears square, while the second widens into an oval surrounded on each side by the huge grey columns on the colonnade, and with the obelisk at its centre. Beyond that is a further square surrounded by pale pink buildings. A wide street leads from the square, at the end of which can be seen the river, a bridge and castle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg/500px-St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg/750px-St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg/1000px-St_Peter%27s_Square%2C_Vatican_City_-_April_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2359" /></a><figcaption>View of Rome from the Dome of St. Peter's Basilica</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clocks">Clocks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Clocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The top of the facade of St. Peter's Basilica has two clocks and several sculptures. The clocks were created to replace Bernini's bell towers which had to be torn down due to insufficient support. The left hand clock shows Rome time, the right hand one shows European mean time. The statues are Christ the Redeemer, St. John the Baptist and 11 Apostles. From the left: St. Thadeus, St. Matthew, St. Philip, St. Thomas, St. James the Greater, St. John the Baptist, The Redeemer, St. Andrew, St. John the Evangelist, St. James the Lesser, St. Bartholomew, St. Simeon, and St. Matthias. Above the Roman clock is the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City">coat of arms for the city-state of Vatican City</a> since 1931 held by two angels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bells">Bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Basilica has 6 bells, placed in the room under the Roman clock, only 3 of them are visible from ground level while the rest are hidden behind the <a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">bourdon</a>. They range from the smallest which is 260 kg to the massive <a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">bourdon</a> that approximately weighs 9 tonnes. From 1931, the bells are operated electrically, thus permitting even the largest bell to be tolled from a distance. The oldest bell <b>Rota</b> dates from 1288 and the bourdon called <b>Campanone</b> is rung at Christmas and Easter, on the Solemnity of Sts. Peter and Paul, and every time the Pope imparts the "<a href="/wiki/Urbi_et_Orbi" title="Urbi et Orbi">Urbi et Orbi</a>" blessing to the city and to the world. Campanone also announces the death of the pope and an election of a new pope. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bell# </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Mass </th> <th>Date cast </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Campanella </td> <td>260 kg </td> <td>1825 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Ave Maria </td> <td>280 kg </td> <td>1932 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Predica </td> <td>850 kg </td> <td>1893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Rota </td> <td>2 t </td> <td>1288 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Campanoncino (Mezzana, Benedittina) </td> <td>4 t </td> <td>1725 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Campanone </td> <td>9 t </td> <td>1785 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treasures">Treasures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Treasures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tombs_and_relics">Tombs and relics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Tombs and relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_papal_tombs" title="List of extant papal tombs">List of extant papal tombs</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White and orange marble rings a circular, decorated bronze vent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG/220px-Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG/330px-Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG/440px-Basilica_di_san_pietro.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_vent" class="mw-redirect" title="Air vent">Air vents</a> for the crypt in St. Peter's Basilica</figcaption></figure> <p>There are over 100 <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tombs</a> within St. Peter's Basilica (extant to various extents), many located beneath the Basilica. These include 91 popes, Saint <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a>, Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto II">Otto II</a>, and the composer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a>. Exiled Catholic British royalty <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James Francis Edward Stuart</a> and his two sons, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward Stuart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Benedict_Stuart" title="Henry Benedict Stuart">Henry Benedict Stuart</a>, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati, are buried here, having been granted asylum by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XI" title="Pope Clement XI">Pope Clement XI</a>. Also buried here are <a href="/wiki/Maria_Klementyna_Sobieska" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Klementyna Sobieska">Maria Clementina Sobieska</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James Francis Edward Stuart</a>, Queen <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina of Sweden">Christina of Sweden</a>, who abdicated her throne in order to convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Countess" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess">Countess</a> <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Tuscany" title="Matilda of Tuscany">Matilda of Tuscany</a>, supporter of the Papacy during the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a>. The most recent interment was <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, on 5 January 2023. Beneath, near the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a>, is the recently discovered vaulted fourth-century "<a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Julii" title="Tomb of the Julii">Tomb of the Julii</a>". (See below for some descriptions of tombs). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artworks">Artworks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Artworks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Towers_and_narthex">Towers and narthex</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Towers and narthex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the towers to either side of the facade are two clocks. The clock on the left has been operated electrically since 1931. Its oldest bell dates from 1288.</li> <li>One of the most important treasures of the basilica is a mosaic set above the central external door. Called the "Navicella", it is based on a design by <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a> (early 14th century) and represents a ship symbolizing the Christian Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinto_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosaic is mostly a 17th-century copy of Giotto's original.</li> <li>At each end of the narthex is an equestrian figure, to the north <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> by Bernini (1670) and to the south <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Charlemagne_(Cornacchini)" title="Equestrian statue of Charlemagne (Cornacchini)">Charlemagne</a> by <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Cornacchini" title="Agostino Cornacchini">Cornacchini</a> (18th century).<sup id="cite_ref-Pinto_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Of the five portals from the narthex to the interior, three contain notable doors. The central portal has the Renaissance bronze door by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_di_Pietro_Averlino" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio di Pietro Averlino">Antonio Averulino</a> (called Filarete) (1455), enlarged to fit the new space. The southern door, the <i><a href="/wiki/Door_of_the_Dead_in_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Door of the Dead in St. Peter's Basilica">Door of the Dead</a></i>, was designed by 20th-century sculptor <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Manz%C3%B9" title="Giacomo Manzù">Giacomo Manzù</a> and includes a portrait of Pope John XXIII kneeling before the crucified figure of Saint Peter.</li> <li>The northernmost door is the "Holy Door" which, by tradition, is walled-up with bricks, and opened only for holy years such as the <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Christian)">Jubilee year</a> by the Pope. The present door is bronze and was designed by <a href="/wiki/Vico_Consorti" title="Vico Consorti">Vico Consorti</a> in 1950 and cast in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Marinelli_Artistic_Foundry" title="Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry">Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry</a>. Above it are inscriptions commemorating the opening of the door: PAVLVS V PONT MAX ANNO XIII and GREGORIVS XIII PONT MAX.</li></ul> <p>Recently installed commemorative plaques read above the door as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>PAVLVS VI PONT MAX HVIVS PATRIARCALIS VATICANAE BASILICAE PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVBILAEI MCMLXXV<br />(Paul VI, Pontifex Maximus, opened and closed the holy door of this patriarchal Vatican basilica in the jubilee year of 1975.)</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO IVBILAEI MCMLXXVI A PAVLO PP VI RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB HVMANE REDEMP MCMLXXXIII–MCMLXXXIV<br />(John Paul II, Pontifex Maximus, opened and closed again the holy door closed and set apart by Pope Paul VI in 1976 in the jubilee year of human redemption 1983–1984.)</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. ITERVM PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO MAGNI IVBILAEI AB INCARNATIONE DOMINI MM–MMI<br />(John Paul II, Pontifex Maximus, again opened and closed the holy door in the year of the great jubilee, from the incarnation of the Lord 2000–2001.)</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>FRANCISCVS PP. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO MAGNI IVB MM–MMI A IOANNE PAVLO PP. II RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB MISERICORDIAE MMXV–MMXVI<br />(Pope Francis opened and closed again the holy door, closed and set apart by Pope John Paul II in the year of the great jubilee 2000–2001, in the jubilee year of Mercy 2015–2016.)</p></blockquote> <p>Older commemorative plaques are removed to make way for the new plaque when the holy door is opened and sealed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nave">Nave</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Nave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On the first piers of the nave are two Holy Water basins held by pairs of <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubs</a> each 2 metres high, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIII" title="Pope Benedict XIII">Pope Benedict XIII</a> from designer <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Cornacchini" title="Agostino Cornacchini">Agostino Cornacchini</a> and sculptor Francesco Moderati, (1720s).</li> <li>Along the floor of the nave are markers showing the comparative lengths of other churches, starting from the entrance.</li> <li>On the decorative pilasters of the piers of the nave are medallions with relief depicting 56 of the first popes.</li> <li>In niches between the pilasters of the nave are statues depicting 39 founders of religious orders.</li> <li>Set against the north east pier of the dome is a statue of <i>Saint Peter Enthroned</i>, sometimes attributed to late 13th-century sculptor <a href="/wiki/Arnolfo_di_Cambio" title="Arnolfo di Cambio">Arnolfo di Cambio</a>, with some scholars dating it to the fifth century. One foot of the statue is largely worn away by <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrims</a> kissing it for centuries.</li> <li>The sunken Confessio leading to the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Grottoes" title="Vatican Grottoes">Vatican Grottoes</a> (see above) contained a large kneeling statue by <a href="/wiki/Canova" class="mw-redirect" title="Canova">Canova</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a>, who was captured and mistreated by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte's</a> army. This has now been moved to the back (eastern) end of the grottoes.</li> <li>In the Confessio is the <i>Niche of the Pallium</i> ("Niche of Stoles") which contains a bronze urn, donated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a>, to contain white stoles embroidered with black crosses and woven with the wool of lambs blessed on the feastday of St. Agnes.</li> <li>The High <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">Altar</a> is surmounted by Bernini's <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachin</a>. (See above)</li> <li>Set in niches within the four piers supporting the dome are the larger-than-life statues associated with the basilica's primary holy relics: <a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Saint Helena</a> holding the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nail_(relic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail (relic)">Holy Nails</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bolgi" title="Andrea Bolgi">Andrea Bolgi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Longinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Longinus">Saint Longinus</a> holding the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">spear that pierced the side of Jesus</a>, by Bernini (1639); <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Saint Andrew</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">St. Andrew's Cross</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Francois_Duquesnoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Duquesnoy">Francois Duquesnoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Veronica" title="Saint Veronica">Saint Veronica</a> holding her <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">veil with the image of Jesus' face</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mochi" title="Francesco Mochi">Francesco Mochi</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Helena.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Helena by Andrea Bolgi"><img alt="A marble statue showing a matronly woman in a sweeping cloak supporting a cross which stands beside her and presenting a set of nails to the viewer with her left hand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Helena.jpg/225px-Saint_Helena.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Helena.jpg/337px-Saint_Helena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Helena.jpg/450px-Saint_Helena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Saint Helena</i><br />by Andrea Bolgi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Longinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Longinus by Bernini"><img alt="This statue shows a Roman soldier, with a cloak furling around him, gazing upward while he supports a long spear with his right hand and throws out his other hand in amazement." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Longinus.jpg/225px-Saint_Longinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Longinus.jpg/337px-Saint_Longinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Longinus.jpg/450px-Saint_Longinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Saint Longinus</i><br />by Bernini</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Andreas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Andrew by Francois Duquesnoy"><img alt="This statue shows an elderly man, bare-chested, and draped, looking up despairingly as he supports a large cross, arranged diagonally." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Saint_Andreas.jpg/225px-Saint_Andreas.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Saint_Andreas.jpg/337px-Saint_Andreas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Saint_Andreas.jpg/450px-Saint_Andreas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Saint Andrew</i><br />by Francois Duquesnoy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_veronica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Veronica by Francesco Mochi"><img alt="This statue shows the saint as a young woman, who, with a sweeping dramatic gesture, displays a cloth on which there is an image of the face of Jesus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saint_veronica.jpg/225px-Saint_veronica.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saint_veronica.jpg/337px-Saint_veronica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saint_veronica.jpg/450px-Saint_veronica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Saint Veronica</i><br />by Francesco Mochi</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_aisle">North aisle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: North aisle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the first chapel of the north aisle is Michelangelo's <i>Pietà</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the first pier in the right aisle is the monument of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Christina of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a>, who abdicated in 1654 in order to convert to Catholicism.</li> <li>The second chapel, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a>, contains the statues of popes <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pius XI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pius XII</a>. The space below the altar used to be the resting place of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a> but his remains were moved to the <i>Altar of the Transfiguration</i> on 8 April 2011. This was done to make way for the body of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>. His remains were placed beneath the altar on 2 May 2011.</li> <li>The large chapel on the right aisle is the <i>Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament</i> which contains the tabernacle by Bernini (1664) resembling Bramante's <i>Tempietto</i> at <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Montorio" title="San Pietro in Montorio">San Pietro in Montorio</a> supported by two kneeling angels and with behind it a painting of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>.</li> <li>Near the altar of <i>Our Lady of Succour</i> are the monuments of popes <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Gregory XIII</a> by <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Rusconi" title="Camillo Rusconi">Camillo Rusconi</a> (1723) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIV" title="Pope Gregory XIV">Gregory XIV</a>.</li> <li>At the end of the aisle is an altar containing the relics of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petronilla" title="Saint Petronilla">Saint Petronilla</a> and with an altarpiece <i>The Burial of St Petronilla</i> by <a href="/wiki/Guercino" title="Guercino">Guercino</a> (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri), 1623.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_aisle">South aisle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: South aisle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first chapel in the south aisle is the baptistry, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XII" title="Pope Innocent XII">Pope Innocent XII</a> and designed by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Fontana" title="Carlo Fontana">Carlo Fontana</a>, (great nephew of Domenico Fontana). The font was carved from the lid of the purple porphyry <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> which had once held the remains of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>, and is surmounted with a gilt-bronze figure of the "<a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a>". Fontana's reworked <a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">porphyry</a> sarcophagus lid font replaced an earlier font, which was re-purposed from the sarcophagus of <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Claudius_Petronius_Probus" title="Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus">Probus</a>, the fourth-century <a href="/wiki/Praefectus_urbi" title="Praefectus urbi">Prefect of Rome</a>, and which was used for baptisms from the 15th century until the late 17th century, when Fontana's work was completed.</li> <li>Against the first pier of the aisle is the <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Monument to the Royal Stuarts</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James Stuart</a>, known as the "Old Pretender" and his sons, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward</a>, known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie", and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Benedict_Stuart" title="Henry Benedict Stuart">Henry</a>, a cardinal. The tomb is a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neo-Classical</a> design by <a href="/wiki/Canova" class="mw-redirect" title="Canova">Canova</a> unveiled in 1819. Opposite it is the memorial of James Francis Edward Stuart's wife, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Klementyna_Sobieska" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Klementyna Sobieska">Maria Clementina Sobieska</a>.</li> <li>The second chapel is that of the <i>Presentation of the Virgin</i> and contains the memorials of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a>.</li> <li>Against the piers are the tombs of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VIII" title="Pope Innocent VIII">Pope Innocent VIII</a>.</li> <li>The large chapel off the south aisle is the <i>Choir Chapel</i> which contains the altar of the <i><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i>.</li> <li>At the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">Sacristy</a> is the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VIII" title="Pope Pius VIII">Pope Pius VIII</a></li> <li>The south transept contains the altars of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> and the <i>Crucifixion of Saint Peter</i>.</li> <li>The tomb of Fabio Chigi, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a>, towards the end of the aisle, is the work of Bernini and called by Lees-Milne "one of the greatest tombs of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> Age". It occupies an awkward position, being set in a niche above a doorway into a small vestry, but Bernini has utilized the doorway in a symbolic manner. Pope Alexander kneels upon his tomb, facing outward. The tomb is supported on a large draped shroud in patterned red marble, and is supported by four female figures, of whom only the two at the front are fully visible. They represent <a href="/wiki/Charity_(virtue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity (virtue)">Charity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">Truth</a>. The foot of Truth rests upon a globe of the world, her toe being pierced symbolically by the thorn of Protestant England. Coming forth, seemingly, from the doorway as if it were the entrance to a tomb, is the skeletal winged figure of <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a>, its head hidden beneath the shroud, but its right hand carrying an <a href="/wiki/Hourglass" title="Hourglass">hourglass</a> stretched upward towards the kneeling figure of the pope.<sup id="cite_ref-JL-M_27-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Holy Door is opened only for great celebrations."><img alt="A pair of bronze doors divided into sixteen panels containing reliefs depicting scenes mainly from the life of Jesus and stories that he told." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG/189px-Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG" decoding="async" width="126" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG/284px-Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG/379px-Rome_basilica_st_peter_004_adjusted.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Holy Door is opened only for great celebrations.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The tomb of Alexander VII, by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1671–1678[55]"><img alt="A large memorial set in a niche. The marble figure of a kneeling pope is surrounded by allegoric marble figures, and sculptured drapery surfaced with patterned red stone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_%281%29.jpg/200px-0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_%281%29.jpg/300px-0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_%281%29.jpg/400px-0_Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_du_pape_Alexandre_VII_-_St-Pierre_-_Vatican_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The tomb of Alexander VII, by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, 1671–1678<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The bronze statue of Saint Peter holding the keys of heaven, attributed to Arnolfo di Cambio"><img alt="Peter is shown as a bearded man in draped garment like a toga. He is seated on a chair made of marble, and has his right hand raised in a gesture of blessing while in his left hand he holds two large keys. Behind the statue, the wall is patterned in mosaic to resemble red and gold brocade cloth." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg/226px-Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg/339px-Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg/452px-Rome_basilica_st_peter_011c_adjusted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="897" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The bronze statue of Saint Peter holding the keys of heaven, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Arnolfo_di_Cambio" title="Arnolfo di Cambio">Arnolfo di Cambio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0,_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_(1498%E2%80%9399).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Pietà by Michelangelo, 1498–1499, is in the north aisle."><img alt="This marble statue shows the Virgin Mary seated, mourning over the lifeless body of Jesus which is supported across her knees." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0%2C_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_%281498%E2%80%9399%29.jpg/362px-Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0%2C_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_%281498%E2%80%9399%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0%2C_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_%281498%E2%80%9399%29.jpg/544px-Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0%2C_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_%281498%E2%80%9399%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0%2C_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_%281498%E2%80%9399%29.jpg/725px-Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0%2C_St_Peter%27s_Basilica_%281498%E2%80%9399%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5378" data-file-height="4453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)"><i>Pietà</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, 1498–1499, is in the north aisle.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archpriests_since_1053">Archpriests since 1053</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Archpriests since 1053"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The cardinals, all in bright red robes, are grouped near the baldachin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg/220px-Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg/330px-Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg/440px-Cardinals_at_StPeters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Cardinals at <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in Saint Peter's Basilica two days before a <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">papal conclave</a>, 16 April 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>List of <a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">archpriests</a> of the Vatican Basilica:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The exterior of the basilica on a sunny day. In the foreground, hundreds of robed priests look towards a podium where there is an altar, and a group of white robed figures attends the Pope." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg/220px-Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg/330px-Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg/440px-Francis_Inauguration_fc06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Giovanni (1053)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deusdedit_of_San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="Deusdedit of San Pietro in Vincoli">Deusdedit</a> (1092)</li> <li>Azzo (1103–1104)</li> <li>Rustico de' Rustici (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1128</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1131</span>)</li> <li>Griffone (1138–1139)</li> <li>Pietro (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>?–1144)</li> <li>Bernard (1145?–1176?)</li> <li>Giovanni da Sutri (1176/78–1180)</li> <li>Ugolino di Segni (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1191</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200–1206</span>)</li> <li>Guido Pierleoni (1206/7–1228)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_de_Normandis_dei_Conti" title="Stefano de Normandis dei Conti">Stefano Conti</a> (1229–1254)</li> <li>Riccardo Annibaldi (1254–1276)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Giovanni Gaetano Orsini</a> (1276–1277)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Rosso_Orsini_(cardinal)" title="Matteo Rosso Orsini (cardinal)">Matteo Rosso Orsini</a> (1278–1305)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Orsini_Frangipani" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleone Orsini Frangipani">Napoleone Orsini Frangipani</a> (1306–1342)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibaldo_di_Ceccano" class="mw-redirect" title="Annibaldo di Ceccano">Annibaldo di Ceccano</a> (1342–1350)</li> <li>Guillaume de La Jugie (1362–1365)</li> <li>Rinaldo Orsini (1366–1374)</li> <li>Hugues de Saint-Martial (1374–1378)</li> <li>Philippe d'Alençon (1378–1397)</li> <li>Cristoforo Maroni (1397–1404)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_II_Acciaioli" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelo II Acciaioli">Angelo Acciaioli</a> (1404–1408)</li> <li>Antonio Calvi (1408–1411)</li> <li>Pedro Fernandez de Frias (1412–1420)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Correr_(cardinal)" title="Antonio Correr (cardinal)">Antonio Correr</a> (1420–1429)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucido_Conti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucido Conti (page does not exist)">Lucido Conti</a> (1429–1434)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giordano_Orsini_(died_1438)" title="Giordano Orsini (died 1438)">Giordano Orsini</a> (1434–1438)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Cesarini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuliano Cesarini">Giuliano Cesarini</a> (1439–1444)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_II" title="Pope Paul II">Pietro Barbo</a> (1445–1464)</li> <li>Richard Olivier (1464–1470)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Zeno" title="Giovanni Battista Zeno">Giovanni Battista Zeno</a> (1470–1501)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_L%C3%B3pez_(cardinal)" title="Juan López (cardinal)">Juan López</a> (1501)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippolito_d%27Este" title="Ippolito d'Este">Ippolito d'Este</a> (1501–1520)</li> <li>Marco Cornaro (1520)</li> <li>Franciotto Orsini (1520–1530)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cornaro_(1478%E2%80%931543)" title="Francesco Cornaro (1478–1543)">Francesco Cornaro</a> (1530–1543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(cardinal)" title="Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)">Alessandro Farnese</a> (1543–1589)</li> <li>Giovanni Evangelista Palotta (1589–1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipione_Caffarelli-Borghese" class="mw-redirect" title="Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese">Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese</a> (1620–1633)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Barberini_(seniore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Barberini (seniore)">Francesco Barberini</a> (1633–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Barberini" title="Carlo Barberini">Carlo Barberini</a> (1667–1704)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Nerli_(iuniore)" title="Francesco Nerli (iuniore)">Francesco Nerli (iuniore)</a> (1704–1708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Albani" title="Annibale Albani">Annibale Albani</a> (1712–1751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Benedict_Stuart" title="Henry Benedict Stuart">Henry Benedict Stuart</a> (1751–1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romualdo_Braschi-Onesti" class="mw-redirect" title="Romualdo Braschi-Onesti">Romualdo Braschi-Onesti</a> (1807–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Mattei" title="Alessandro Mattei">Alessandro Mattei</a> (1817–1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Francesco_Galleffi" title="Pietro Francesco Galleffi">Pietro Francesco Galleffi</a> (6 May 1820 – 18 June 1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Giustiniani" title="Giacomo Giustiniani">Giacomo Giustiniani</a> (1 July 1837 – 24 February 1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Mattei" title="Mario Mattei">Mario Mattei</a> (11 March 1843 – 7 October 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccola_Paracciani_Clarelli" title="Niccola Paracciani Clarelli">Niccola Paracciani Clarelli</a> (8 October 1870 – 7 July 1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Borromeo" title="Edoardo Borromeo">Edoardo Borromeo</a> (10 July 1872 – 30 November 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Howard" title="Edward Henry Howard">Edward Henry Howard</a> (12 December 1881 – 16 September 1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Ricci_Paracciani" title="Francesco Ricci Paracciani">Francesco Ricci Paracciani</a> (6 October 1892 – 9 March 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rampolla_del_Tindaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro">Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro</a> (21 March 1894 – 16 December 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Merry_del_Val" title="Rafael Merry del Val">Rafael Merry del Val</a> (12 January 1914 – 26 February 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Pacelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenio Pacelli">Eugenio Pacelli</a> (25 March 1930 – 2 March 1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Tedeschini" title="Federico Tedeschini">Federico Tedeschini</a> (14 March 1939 – 2 November 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Tardini" title="Domenico Tardini">Domenico Tardini</a> (14 November 1959 – 30 July 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Marella" title="Paolo Marella">Paolo Marella</a> (14 August 1961 – 8 February 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Sabattani" title="Aurelio Sabattani">Aurelio Sabattani</a> (8 February 1983 – 1 July 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-noe_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noe-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_No%C3%A8" title="Virgilio Noè">Virgilio Noè</a> (1 July 1991<sup id="cite_ref-noe_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noe-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 24 April 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-march_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-march-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Marchisano" title="Francesco Marchisano">Francesco Marchisano</a> (24 April 2002<sup id="cite_ref-march_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-march-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 31 October 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-comas_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comas-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Comastri" title="Angelo Comastri">Angelo Comastri</a> (31 October 2006<sup id="cite_ref-comas_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comas-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 20 February 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-gambetti_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gambetti-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Comastri was named Coadjutor Archpriest on 5 February 2005<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Gambetti" title="Mauro Gambetti">Mauro Gambetti</a> (20 February 2021<sup id="cite_ref-gambetti_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gambetti-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – present)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%2C_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crepuscular_rays" title="Crepuscular rays">Crepuscular rays</a> are seen in St. Peter's Basilica at certain times each day.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Cost of construction of the basilica: more than 46,800,052 <a href="/wiki/Ducats" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducats">ducats</a><sup id="cite_ref-scotti_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotti-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Geographic orientation: chancel west, nave east</li> <li>Total length: 730 feet (220 m)</li> <li>Total width: 500 feet (150 m)</li> <li>Interior length including vestibule: 693.8 feet (211.5 m),<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> mile.</li> <li>Length of the transepts in interior: 451 feet (137 m)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Width of nave: 90.2 feet (27.5 m)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Width at the tribune: 78.7 feet (24.0 m)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Internal width at transepts: 451 feet (137 m)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Internal height of nave: 151.5 feet (46.2 m) high<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Total area: 227,070 square feet (21,095 m<sup>2</sup>), more than 5 acres (20,000 m<sup>2</sup>).</li> <li>Internal area: 163,182.2 square feet (3.75 acres; 15,160.12 m<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Height from pavement to top of cross: 448.1 feet (136.6 m)<sup id="cite_ref-DomeHeight_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DomeHeight-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Façade: 167 feet (51 m) high by 375 feet (114 m) wide</li> <li>Vestibule: 232.9 feet (71.0 m) wide, 44.2 feet (13.5 m) deep, and 91.8 feet (28.0 m) high<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The internal columns and pilasters: 92 feet (28 m) tall</li> <li>The circumference of the central piers: 240 feet (73 m)</li> <li>Outer diameter of dome: 137.7 feet (42.0 m)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The drum of the dome: 630 feet (190 m) in circumference and 65.6 feet (20.0 m) high, rising to 240 feet (73 m) from the ground</li> <li>The lantern: 63 feet (19 m) high</li> <li>The ball and cross: 8 and 16 feet (2.4 and 4.9 m), respectively</li> <li>St. Peter's Square: 1,115 feet (340 m) long, 787.3 feet (240.0 m) wide<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Each arm of the colonnade: 306 feet (93 m) long, and 64 feet (20 m) high</li> <li>The colonnades have 284 columns, 88 pilasters, and 140 statues<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Obelisk: 83.6 feet (25.5 m). Total height with base and cross, 132 feet (40 m).</li> <li>Weight of obelisk: 360.2 short tons (326,800 kg; 720,400 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-cathency_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rom,_Vatikan,_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The dark silhouette of St. Peter's dome set against the orange, evening sky and setting sun." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rom%2C_Vatikan%2C_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg/220px-Rom%2C_Vatikan%2C_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rom%2C_Vatikan%2C_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg/330px-Rom%2C_Vatikan%2C_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rom%2C_Vatikan%2C_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg/440px-Rom%2C_Vatikan%2C_Petersdom_-_Silhouette_bei_Sonnenuntergang_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2537" data-file-height="1915" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silhouette" title="Silhouette">Silhouette</a> of St. Peter's Basilica at sundown (view from <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a>).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Rome" title="Architecture of Rome">Architecture of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_period_domes" title="History of early modern period domes">History of early modern period domes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_domes" title="List of tallest domes">List of tallest domes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Vatican City-related articles">Index of Vatican City-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basilicas_in_Italy" title="List of basilicas in Italy">List of basilicas in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_church_buildings" title="List of oldest church buildings">List of oldest church buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_basilicas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Catholic basilicas">List of Roman Catholic basilicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Rome" title="List of tallest buildings in Rome">List of tallest buildings in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_built_before_the_20th_century" title="List of tallest structures built before the 20th century">List of tallest structures built before the 20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Rome" title="List of tourist attractions in Rome">List of tourist attractions in Rome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-size-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-size_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claims made that the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace_of_Yamoussoukro" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro">Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro</a> in Côte d'Ivoire is larger appear to be spurious, as the measurements include a rectorate, a villa and probably the forecourt. Its dome, based on that of St. Peter's Basilica, is lower but carries a taller cross, and thus claims to be the tallest domed church.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a>'s theological act of renouncing the title of "<a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_West" title="Patriarch of the West">Patriarch of the West</a>" had as a consequence that Catholic Roman Rite patriarchal basilicas are today officially known as <a href="/wiki/Papal_basilicas" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal basilicas">Papal basilicas</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quarrying of stone for the Colosseum had, in turn, been paid for with treasure looted at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70)">Siege of Jerusalem</a> and destruction of the temple by the emperor <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a>'s general (and the future emperor) <a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a> in 70 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius II's tomb was left incomplete and was eventually erected in the Church of St Peter ad Vincola.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This claim has recently been made for Yamoussoukro Basilica, the dome of which, modelled on St. Peter's, is lower but has a taller cross.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The dome of Florence Cathedral is depicted in a fresco at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Novella" title="Santa Maria Novella">Santa Maria Novella</a> that pre-dates its building by about 100 years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_001.JPG" title="File:San Pietro in Vaticano 001.JPG">Another view of the façade statues</a>. From left to right: ① Thaddeus, ② Matthew, ③ Philip, ④ Thomas, ⑤ James the Elder, ⑥ <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> (technically a 'precursor' and not an apostle); ⑦ Christ (centre, the only one with a halo); ⑧ Andrew, ⑨ <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>, ⑩ James the Younger, ⑪ Bartholomew, ⑫ <a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a> and ⑬ Matthias. (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Exterior/Facade/Facade.htm">"Unofficial architecture site"</a>. <i>saintpetersbasilica.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saintpetersbasilica.org&rft.atitle=Unofficial+architecture+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintpetersbasilica.org%2FExterior%2FFacade%2FFacade.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The word "stupendous" is used by a number of writers trying to adequately describe the enormity of the interior. These include James Lees-Milne and Banister Fletcher.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The obelisk was originally erected at Heliopolis by an unknown pharaoh of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2494 BC</span> – 2345 BC).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The statue was damaged in 1972 by Lazlo Toft, a Hungarian-Australian, who considered that the veneration shown to the statue was idolatrous. The damage was repaired and the statue subsequently placed behind glass.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223081735/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/150720-Vatican-360-Degree-Tour-Saint-Peters-Basilica">"Take Amazing 360° Tour of St. Peter's in Vatican City"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 19 July 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/150720-Vatican-360-Degree-Tour-Saint-Peters-Basilica#:~:text=Its%20capacity%20is%20enormous%E2%80%94it%20can%20hold%2020%2C000,the%20baldachin%2C%20the%20great%20canopy%20over%20the">the original</a> on 23 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Take+Amazing+360%C2%B0+Tour+of+St.+Peter%27s+in+Vatican+City&rft.date=2015-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F150720-Vatican-360-Degree-Tour-Saint-Peters-Basilica%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIts%2520capacity%2520is%2520enormous%25E2%2580%2594it%2520can%2520hold%252020%252C000%2Cthe%2520baldachin%252C%2520the%2520great%2520canopy%2520over%2520the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DomeHeight-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DomeHeight_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DomeHeight_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/monumenti/basilica-di-san-pietro/cupola.html">"St. Peter's Basilica - Dome"</a> (in Italian). Vatican City State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719235438/https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/monumenti/basilica-di-san-pietro/cupola.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica+-+Dome&rft.pub=Vatican+City+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fit%2Fmonumenti%2Fbasilica-di-san-pietro%2Fcupola.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cathency-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathency_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaumgarten1913">Baumgarten 1913</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BF1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BF1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Banister_Fletcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Banister Fletcher">Banister Fletcher</a>, the renowned architectural historian calls it "the greatest creation of the Renaissance" and "... the greatest of all churches of Christendom" in <a href="#CITEREFFletcher1921">Fletcher 1921</a>, p. 588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Lees-Milne describes St. Peter's Basilica as "a church with a unique position in the Christian world" in <a href="#CITEREFLees-Milne1967">Lees-Milne 1967</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/lazio/rome/sights/st_peters.html">"St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy"</a>. <i>reidsitaly.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150223025429/http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/lazio/rome/sights/st_peters.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reidsitaly.com&rft.atitle=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica+%28Basilica+di+San+Pietro%29+in+Rome%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reidsitaly.com%2Fdestinations%2Flazio%2Frome%2Fsights%2Fst_peters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiuliani1995" class="citation book cs1">Giuliani, Giovanni (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpetersbasilica.info/Docs/GuideSPB3.htm#Confession">"Altar of the Confession"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpetersbasilica.info/Docs/GuideSPB1.htm"><i>Guide to Saint Peter's Basilica</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903155405/http://stpetersbasilica.info/Docs/GuideSPB3.htm#Confession">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Altar+of+the+Confession&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Saint+Peter%27s+Basilica&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Giuliani&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstpetersbasilica.info%2FDocs%2FGuideSPB3.htm%23Confession&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224234912/http://www.papalaudience.org/papal-mass">"Papal Mass"</a>. <i>Papal Audience</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papalaudience.org/papal-mass">the original</a> on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Papal+Audience&rft.atitle=Papal+Mass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.papalaudience.org%2Fpapal-mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BF-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BF_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFletcher1921">Fletcher 1921</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoreen2012" class="citation web cs1">Noreen (19 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/11/st-peters-basilica-in-vatican-is-not-the-official-church-of-the-pope/">"St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican Is Not The Official Church Of The Pope"</a>. <i>Today I Found Out</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215155922/http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/11/st-peters-basilica-in-vatican-is-not-the-official-church-of-the-pope/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today+I+Found+Out&rft.atitle=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica+in+Vatican+Is+Not+The+Official+Church+Of+The+Pope&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.au=Noreen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayifoundout.com%2Findex.php%2F2012%2F11%2Fst-peters-basilica-in-vatican-is-not-the-official-church-of-the-pope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinto-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinto_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinto_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinto_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinto_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinto_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pio V. Pinto, pp. 48–59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintpetersbasilica.org/Exterior/StPaulStatue/StPaulStatue.htm">"St. Peter's Square – Statue of St. Paul"</a>. saintpetersbasilica.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926100343/http://saintpetersbasilica.org/Exterior/StPaulStatue/StPaulStatue.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Peter%27s+Square+%E2%80%93+Statue+of+St.+Paul&rft.pub=saintpetersbasilica.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaintpetersbasilica.org%2FExterior%2FStPaulStatue%2FStPaulStatue.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Masson" title="Georgina Masson">Masson, Georgina</a> (2001). <i>The Companion Guide to Rome</i>. Companion Guides. pp. 615–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Companion+Guide+to+Rome&rft.pages=615-6&rft.pub=Companion+Guides&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph Waldo Emerson, 7 April 1833</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1929" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, Benedict (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180523023017/http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm"><i>The Treaty of the Lateran</i></a>. London, England: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne Limited. pp. 42–66. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm">the original</a> on 23 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+of+the+Lateran&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=42-66&rft.pub=Burns%2C+Oates%2C+and+Washbourne+Limited&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aloha.net%2F~mikesch%2Ftreaty.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226171733/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/Saint_Peters_Basilica/Interior--p--2.htm">"St. Peter's Basilica – Interior of the Basilica"</a>. <i>Internet Portal of the Vatican City State</i>. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/Saint_Peters_Basilica/Interior--p--2.htm">the original</a> on 26 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Portal+of+the+Vatican+City+State&rft.atitle=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica+%E2%80%93+Interior+of+the+Basilica&rft.pages=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FMonuments%2FSaint_Peters_Basilica%2FInterior--p--2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286">"Vatican City"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203638/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Vatican+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716034107/http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Interior/Nave/Nave.htm">"The Nave"</a>. <i>St. Peter's</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Interior/Nave/Nave.htm">the original</a> on 16 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Peter%27s&rft.atitle=The+Nave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintpetersbasilica.org%2FInterior%2FNave%2FNave.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CE_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Basilica of St. Peter"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Basilica_of_St._Peter">"Basilica of St. Peter" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Basilica+of+St.+Peter&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellis,_Edward_Robb_pg._413-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ellis,_Edward_Robb_pg._413_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2004" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Edward Robb (21 December 2004). <i>The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History</i>. Basic Books. p. 413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1436-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1436-0"><bdi>978-0-7867-1436-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epic+of+New+York+City%3A+A+Narrative+History&rft.pages=413&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-1436-0&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Edward+Robb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFodor's_Travel_Guides2014" class="citation book cs1">Fodor's Travel Guides (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LTZcAwAAQBAJ&q=tallest+buildings+in+rome+st.+peter%27s+basilica&pg=PT87"><i>Fodor's Italy 2015</i></a>. Travel Distribution. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8041-4291-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8041-4291-5"><bdi>978-0-8041-4291-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222140032/https://books.google.com/books?id=LTZcAwAAQBAJ&q=tallest+buildings+in+rome+st.+peter%27s+basilica&pg=PT87#v=snippet&q=tallest%20buildings%20in%20rome%20st.%20peter's%20basilica&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fodor%27s+Italy+2015&rft.pub=Travel+Distribution&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8041-4291-5&rft.au=Fodor%27s+Travel+Guides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLTZcAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtallest%2Bbuildings%2Bin%2Brome%2Bst.%2Bpeter%2527s%2Bbasilica%26pg%3DPT87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jürgen_Rasch_118-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jürgen_Rasch_118_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRasch1985">Rasch 1985</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305113143/http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/images.htm">Outline of St. Peter's, Old St. Peter's, and Circus of Nero</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2708.htm">"Jerome, De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men)"</a>. <i>New Advent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717003620/http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2708.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Advent&rft.atitle=Jerome%2C+De+Viris+Illustribus+%28On+Illustrious+Men%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F2708.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JL-M-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL-M_27-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees-Milne1967">Lees-Milne 1967</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank J. Korn, <i>Hidden Rome</i> Paulist Press (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHijmans" class="citation web cs1">Hijmans, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060125031014/http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=794">"University of Alberta Express News"</a>. <i>In search of St. Peter's Tomb</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=794">the original</a> on 25 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+search+of+St.+Peter%27s+Tomb&rft.atitle=University+of+Alberta+Express+News&rft.aulast=Hijmans&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressnews.ualberta.ca%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3D794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cultures_and_Values-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cultures_and_Values_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2010" class="citation cs2">Cunningham, Lawrence (2010), <i>Cultures and Values</i>, US: Clark Baxter, p. 671</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultures+and+Values&rft.place=US&rft.pages=671&rft.pub=Clark+Baxter&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Partner1972" class="citation book cs1">Peter Partner (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ6eJuZfTAEC&q=saint+peter+rome+846+desecrating&pg=PA57"><i>The Lands of St. Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance, Volume 10</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520021815" title="Special:BookSources/9780520021815"><bdi>9780520021815</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222140056/https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ6eJuZfTAEC&q=saint+peter+rome+846+desecrating&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=saint%20peter%20rome%20846%20desecrating&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>excavation has revealed that the tomb of the apostle was wantonly smashed</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lands+of+St.+Peter%3A+The+Papal+State+in+the+Middle+Ages+and+the+Early+Renaissance%2C+Volume+10&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780520021815&rft.au=Peter+Partner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbZ6eJuZfTAEC%26q%3Dsaint%2Bpeter%2Brome%2B846%2Bdesecrating%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dietz, Helen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/the_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture/">"The Eschatological Dimension of Church Architecture"</a>. <i>Sacred Architecture Journal</i>. <b>10</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709165515/http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/the_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sacred+Architecture+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Eschatological+Dimension+of+Church+Architecture&rft.volume=10&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacredarchitecture.org%2Farticles%2Fthe_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-met-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-met_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoorsch1982–1983" class="citation journal cs1">Boorsch, Suzanne (Winter 1982–1983). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture". <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 4–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Building+of+the+Vatican%3A+The+Papacy+and+Architecture&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-8&rft.date=1982%2F1983&rft.aulast=Boorsch&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claridge, Amanda (1998). <i>Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide</i> (First ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 276–282. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-288003-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-288003-9">0-19-288003-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBetts1993">Betts 1993</a>, pp. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Johann_Tetzel" title="Johann Tetzel">Johann Tetzel</a>", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 2007: "Tetzel's experiences as a preacher of indulgences, especially between 1503 and 1510, led to his appointment as general commissioner by Albrecht, archbishop of Mainz, who, deeply in debt to pay for a large accumulation of benefices, had to contribute a considerable sum toward the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Albrecht obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of a special plenary indulgence (i.e., remission of the temporal punishment of sin), half of the proceeds of which Albrecht was to claim to pay the fees of his benefices. In effect, Tetzel became a salesman whose product was to cause a scandal in Germany that evolved into the greatest crisis (the Reformation) in the history of the Western church."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartt-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartt_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartt_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartt2006">Hartt 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bramante's plan, <a href="#CITEREFGardnerKleinerMamiya2005">Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005</a>, p. 458</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolzio1969" class="citation book cs1">Golzio, Vincenzo (1969). <i>The Complete Work of Raphael</i>. New York: Reynal and Co., <a href="/wiki/William_Morrow_and_Company" title="William Morrow and Company">William Morrow and Company</a>. pp. 593–594.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Work+of+Raphael&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=593-594&rft.pub=Reynal+and+Co.%2C+William+Morrow+and+Company&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Golzio&rft.aufirst=Vincenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raphael's plan, <a href="#CITEREFFletcher1921">Fletcher 1921</a>, p. 586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peruzzi's plan, <a href="#CITEREFFletcher1921">Fletcher 1921</a>, p. 586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher_1996_p=722-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_1996_p=722_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_1996_p=722_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sangallo's plan, <a href="#CITEREFFletcher1921">Fletcher 1921</a>, p. 586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldscheider1996">Goldscheider 1996</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardner-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_46-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardnerKleinerMamiya2005">Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michelangelo's plan, <a href="#CITEREFGardnerKleinerMamiya2005">Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005</a>, p. 458</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mignacca-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mignacca_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mignacca_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mignacca_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eneide Mignacca, <i>Michelangelo and the architecture of St. Peter's Basilica</i>, lecture, Sydney University, (1982)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_CroixTanseyKirkpatrick1991" class="citation book cs1">De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard/page/641"><i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i></a></span> (9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard/page/641">641</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2"><bdi>0-15-503769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages&rft.pages=641&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Thomson%2FWadsworth&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-15-503769-2&rft.aulast=De+la+Croix&rft.aufirst=Horst&rft.au=Tansey%2C+Richard+G.&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgardnersartthrou00gard%2Fpage%2F641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_CroixTanseyKirkpatrick1991" class="citation book cs1">De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard/page/663"><i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i></a></span> (9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard/page/663">663</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2"><bdi>0-15-503769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages&rft.pages=663&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Thomson%2FWadsworth&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-15-503769-2&rft.aulast=De+la+Croix&rft.aufirst=Horst&rft.au=Tansey%2C+Richard+G.&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgardnersartthrou00gard%2Fpage%2F663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlghisiThebaldius1563" class="citation book cs1">Alghisi, Galasso; Thebaldius, Dominicus (1563). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qP5PAAAAcAAJ&q=Alghisi"><i>Galassi Alghisii Carpens., apud Alphonsum II. Ferrariae Ducem architecti, opus</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403022925/https://books.google.com/books?id=qP5PAAAAcAAJ&q=Alghisi">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Galassi+Alghisii+Carpens.%2C+apud+Alphonsum+II.+Ferrariae+Ducem+architecti%2C+opus&rft.date=1563&rft.aulast=Alghisi&rft.aufirst=Galasso&rft.au=Thebaldius%2C+Dominicus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqP5PAAAAcAAJ%26q%3DAlghisi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 44, 147 of Google PDF download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_sketch-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_sketch_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_sketch_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7133116.stm">"Michelangelo 'last sketch' found"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620000116/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7133116.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Michelangelo+%27last+sketch%27+found&rft.date=2007-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7133116.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4343488.stm">"Rare Michelangelo sketch for sale"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 14 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926055418/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4343488.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rare+Michelangelo+sketch+for+sale&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2005-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4343488.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pile-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pile_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPile2005">Pile 2005</a>, p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees-Milne1967-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees-Milne1967_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees-Milne1967">Lees-Milne 1967</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Docs/JLM/SaintPeters-9.htm#nave">Maderno's Nave</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecker1969" class="citation book cs1">Decker, Heinrich (1969) [1967]. <i>The Renaissance in Italy: Architecture • Sculpture • Frescoes</i>. New York: The Viking Press. p. 279.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Renaissance+in+Italy%3A+Architecture+%E2%80%A2+Sculpture+%E2%80%A2+Frescoes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=The+Viking+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Basilica_Info-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Basilica_Info_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilby" class="citation web cs1">Kilby, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rome.info/vatican/st-peters-basilica/">"St Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511140900/https://www.rome.info/vatican/st-peters-basilica/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Peter%27s+Basilica+%28Basilica+di+San+Pietro%29&rft.aulast=Kilby&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rome.info%2Fvatican%2Fst-peters-basilica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Exterior/Obelisk/Obelisk.htm">"St. Peter's, the Obelisk"</a>. <i>saintpetersbasilica.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705231011/http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Exterior/Obelisk/Obelisk.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saintpetersbasilica.org&rft.atitle=St.+Peter%27s%2C+the+Obelisk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintpetersbasilica.org%2FExterior%2FObelisk%2FObelisk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Docs/seminarians4.htm">"The Seminarian GuidesNorth American College, Rome"</a>. <i>saintpetersbasilica.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703193942/http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Docs/seminarians4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saintpetersbasilica.org&rft.atitle=The+Seminarian+GuidesNorth+American+College%2C+Rome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintpetersbasilica.org%2FDocs%2Fseminarians4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/essay.htm">"Essay of a General List of Cardinals (494-2022)"</a>. <i>The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church</i>. Salvador Miranda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815045218/https://cardinals.fiu.edu/essay.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essay+of+a+General+List+of+Cardinals+%28494-2022%29&rft.btitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church&rft.pub=Salvador+Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcardinals.fiu.edu%2Fessay.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaleczek1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maleczek, Werner (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/papstundkardinal0000male"><i>Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardinäle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III</i></a> [<i>Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216: the cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocence III</i>] (in German). Wien [Vienna]: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften [Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0660-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0660-9"><bdi>978-3-7001-0660-9</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papst+und+Kardinalskolleg+von+1191+bis+1216+%3A+die+Kardin%C3%A4le+unter+Coelestin+III.+und+Innocenz+III&rft.place=Wien+%5BVienna%5D&rft.pub=Verlag+der+%C3%96sterreichischen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften+%5BPublishing+house+of+the+Austrian+Academy+of+Sciences%5D&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-3-7001-0660-9&rft.aulast=Maleczek&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpapstundkardinal0000male&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span> corrections of Miranda for the period before 1190 until 1254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noe-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noe_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noe_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-83-1991-ocr.pdf"><i>Acta Apostolicae Sedis</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. LXXXIII. 1991. p. 631. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516094114/https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-83-1991-ocr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acta+Apostolicae+Sedis&rft.pages=631&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Faas%2Fdocuments%2FAAS-83-1991-ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-march-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-march_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-march_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2002/04/24/0215/00650.html">"Rinunce e Nomine, 24.04.2002"</a> (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 24 April 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608084949/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2002/04/24/0215/00650.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rinunce+e+Nomine%2C+24.04.2002&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2002%2F04%2F24%2F0215%2F00650.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comas-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comas_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comas_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2006/10/31/0542/01545.html">"Rinunce e Nomine, 31 October 2006"</a> (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 31 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607144231/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2006/10/31/0542/01545.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rinunce+e+Nomine%2C+31+October+2006&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft.date=2006-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2006%2F10%2F31%2F0542%2F01545.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gambetti-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gambetti_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gambetti_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2021/02/20/210220c.html">"Resignations and Appointments, 20.02.2021"</a> (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 20 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609152102/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2021/02/20/210220c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resignations+and+Appointments%2C+20.02.2021&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft.date=2021-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2021%2F02%2F20%2F210220c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/02/05/0072/00181.html">"Rinunce e Nomine, 05.02.2005"</a> (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 5 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607161806/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/02/05/0072/00181.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rinunce+e+Nomine%2C+05.02.2005&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft.date=2005-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2005%2F02%2F05%2F0072%2F00181.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotti-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scotti_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Since Nicholas V twenty-seven popes over a span of 178 years had imagined this day. They had already spent 46 800 052 ducats (...) And still the building was not done. The basic construction was complete, but the last genius (Bernini) to put his signature on the Basilica was just beginning his work." in <a href="#CITEREFScotti2007">Scotti 2007</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannister1968" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Turpin_Bannister" title="Turpin Bannister">Bannister, Turpin</a> (1968). "The Constantinian Basilica of Saint Peter at Rome". <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i>. <b>27</b> (1): 3–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F988425">10.2307/988425</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/988425">988425</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19640446">19640446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Architectural+Historians&rft.atitle=The+Constantinian+Basilica+of+Saint+Peter+at+Rome&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-32&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19640446&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F988425%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F988425&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Turpin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumgarten1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baumgarten, Paul Maria (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Basilica of St. Peter"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Basilica_of_St._Peter">"Basilica of St. Peter" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Basilica+of+St.+Peter&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Baumgarten&rft.aufirst=Paul+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetts1993" class="citation journal cs1">Betts, Richard J. (1993). "Structural Innovation and Structural Design in Renaissance Architecture". <i>Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians</i>. <b>52</b> (1): 5–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F990755">10.2307/990755</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/990755">990755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Architectural+Historians&rft.atitle=Structural+Innovation+and+Structural+Design+in+Renaissance+Architecture&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-25&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F990755&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F990755%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoorsch1982" class="citation journal cs1">Boorsch, Suzanne (1982). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture". <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</i>. <b>XL</b> (3). New York: 4–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3258914">10.2307/3258914</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3258914">3258914</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39642638">39642638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Building+of+the+Vatican%3A+The+Papacy+and+Architecture&rft.volume=XL&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-64&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39642638&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3258914%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3258914&rft.aulast=Boorsch&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDzyubanskyy2010" class="citation book cs1">Dzyubanskyy, Taras (2010). <i>The Development of the Cult of St. Peter in the Vatican: from the poor man's grave to the largest basilica in the world</i>. Lviv: Artos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789662154535" title="Special:BookSources/9789662154535"><bdi>9789662154535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+the+Cult+of+St.+Peter+in+the+Vatican%3A+from+the+poor+man%27s+grave+to+the+largest+basilica+in+the+world&rft.place=Lviv&rft.pub=Artos&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789662154535&rft.aulast=Dzyubanskyy&rft.aufirst=Taras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch1991" class="citation journal cs1">Finch, Margaret (1991). "The Cantharus and Pigna at Old Saint Peter's". <i>Gesta</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 16–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F767006">10.2307/767006</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/767006">767006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155861160">155861160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gesta&rft.atitle=The+Cantharus+and+Pigna+at+Old+Saint+Peter%27s&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-26&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155861160%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F767006%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F767006&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Banister_Flight_Fletcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Banister Flight Fletcher">Fletcher, Banister F.</a> (1921) [1896]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0XhFAQAAMAAJ"><i>History of Architecture on the Comparative Method for the student, craftsman, and amateur</i></a> (6th, enlarged ed.). London: Batsford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240101193110/https://books.google.com/books?id=0XhFAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Architecture+on+the+Comparative+Method+for+the+student%2C+craftsman%2C+and+amateur&rft.place=London&rft.edition=6th%2C+enlarged&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Banister+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0XhFAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrommel1986" class="citation journal cs1">Frommel, Christoph (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/6975/1/Frommel_Papal_policy_1988.pdf">"Papal Policy: The Planning of Rome during the Renaissance in The Evidence of Art: Images and Meaning in History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Interdisciplinary History</i>. <b>17</b> (1). Cambridge: 39–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F204124">10.2307/204124</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1953">0022-1953</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/204124">204124</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727231150/http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/6975/1/Frommel_Papal_policy_1988.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.atitle=Papal+Policy%3A+The+Planning+of+Rome+during+the+Renaissance+in+The+Evidence+of+Art%3A+Images+and+Meaning+in+History&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-65&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0022-1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F204124%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F204124&rft.aulast=Frommel&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fartdok%2F6975%2F1%2FFrommel_Papal_policy_1988.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardnerKleinerMamiya2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Gardner_(art_historian)" title="Helen Gardner (art historian)">Gardner, Helen</a>; Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2005). <i>Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective</i>. Vol. 2 (12th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. pp. 499–500, 571–575. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-00479-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-00479-0"><bdi>978-0-495-00479-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+through+the+Ages%3A+The+Western+Perspective&rft.place=Belmont&rft.pages=499-500%2C+571-575&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Wadsworth&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-495-00479-0&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Kleiner%2C+Fred+S.&rft.au=Mamiya%2C+Christin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldscheider1996" class="citation book cs1">Goldscheider, Ludwig (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michelangelopain0000gold"><i>Michelangelo</i></a></span> (6th ed.). Oxford: Phaidon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3296-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3296-8"><bdi>978-0-7148-3296-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michelangelo&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-3296-8&rft.aulast=Goldscheider&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmichelangelopain0000gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartt2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hartt" title="Frederick Hartt">Hartt, Frederick</a> (2006). <i>History of Italian Renaissance Art</i> (6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-188247-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-188247-8"><bdi>978-0-13-188247-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Italian+Renaissance+Art&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-188247-8&rft.aulast=Hartt&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHintzen-BohlenSorges2001" class="citation book cs1">Hintzen-Bohlen, Brigitte; Sorges, Jürgen (2001). <i>Rome and the Vatican City</i>. Köln: Könemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8290-3109-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8290-3109-7"><bdi>978-3-8290-3109-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+Vatican+City&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nemann&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-8290-3109-7&rft.aulast=Hintzen-Bohlen&rft.aufirst=Brigitte&rft.au=Sorges%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorn2002" class="citation book cs1">Korn, Frank J. (2002). <i>Hidden Rome</i>. New York: Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4109-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4109-8"><bdi>978-0-8091-4109-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Rome&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4109-8&rft.aulast=Korn&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanciani1892" class="citation book cs1">Lanciani, Rodolfo (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/3*.html">"Chapter III: Christian Churches"</a>. <i>Pagan and Christian Rome</i>. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826191648/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/3%2A.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+III%3A+Christian+Churches&rft.btitle=Pagan+and+Christian+Rome&rft.place=Boston+and+New+York&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin+and+Company&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Lanciani&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FGazetteer%2FPlaces%2FEurope%2FItaly%2FLazio%2FRoma%2FRome%2F_Texts%2FLanciani%2FLANPAC%2F3%2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLees-Milne1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Lees-Milne" title="James Lees-Milne">Lees-Milne, James</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Docs/JLM/SaintPeters-1.htm"><i>Saint Peter's – the story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome</i></a>. London: Hamish Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1393052">1393052</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420105331/http://stpetersbasilica.info/Docs/JLM/SaintPeters-1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Peter%27s+%E2%80%93+the+story+of+Saint+Peter%27s+Basilica+in+Rome&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1393052&rft.aulast=Lees-Milne&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpetersbasilica.info%2FDocs%2FJLM%2FSaintPeters-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClendon1989" class="citation journal cs1">McClendon, Charles (1989). "The History of the Site of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome". <i>Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal</i>. <b>25</b>: 32–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1567138">10.2307/1567138</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0079-0958">0079-0958</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1567138">1567138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspecta%3A+The+Yale+Architectural+Journal&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Site+of+St.+Peter%27s+Basilica%2C+Rome&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=32-65&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0079-0958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1567138%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1567138&rft.aulast=McClendon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPevsner1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Pevsner, Nikolaus</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/outlineofeuropea00pevs"><i>An Outline of European Architecture</i></a> (7th ed.). Baltimore: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-020109-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-020109-3"><bdi>978-0-14-020109-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2208913">2208913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Outline+of+European+Architecture&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2208913&rft.isbn=978-0-14-020109-3&rft.aulast=Pevsner&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foutlineofeuropea00pevs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPile2005" class="citation book cs1">Pile, John F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YVQJvcI1XeoC"><i>A History of Interior Design</i></a> (second ed.). London: Laurence King Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-856-69418-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-856-69418-6"><bdi>978-1-856-69418-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222140143/https://books.google.com/books?id=YVQJvcI1XeoC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Interior+Design&rft.place=London&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Laurence+King+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-856-69418-6&rft.aulast=Pile&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYVQJvcI1XeoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto1975" class="citation book cs1">Pinto, Pio (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pilgrimsguidetor00pint"><i>The Pilgrim's Guide to Rome</i></a>. San Francisco: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013388-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013388-7"><bdi>978-0-06-013388-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pilgrim%27s+Guide+to+Rome&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-06-013388-7&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=Pio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpilgrimsguidetor00pint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotti2007" class="citation book cs1">Scotti, R. A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basilicasplendor00rasc"><i>Basilica: the Splendor and the Scandal – Building of St. Peter's</i></a>. New York: Plume. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28860-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28860-7"><bdi>978-0-452-28860-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basilica%3A+the+Splendor+and+the+Scandal+%E2%80%93+Building+of+St.+Peter%27s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Plume&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-452-28860-7&rft.aulast=Scotti&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasilicasplendor00rasc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasch1985" class="citation cs2">Rasch, Jürgen (1985), "Die Kuppel in der römischen Architektur. Entwicklung, Formgebung, Konstruktion", <i>Architectura</i>, vol. 15, pp. 117–139</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectura&rft.atitle=Die+Kuppel+in+der+r%C3%B6mischen+Architektur.+Entwicklung%2C+Formgebung%2C+Konstruktion&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=117-139&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Rasch&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011120052619/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1118_vaticanmain.html">"Inside the Vatican"</a>. <i>National Geographic News</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. 28 October 2010 [2004]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1118_vaticanmain.html">the original</a> on 20 November 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Vatican&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2001%2F11%2F1118_vaticanmain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610233733/http://bernini2013.org/truth-unveiled-by-time/urban-viiis-bell-towers/">"Saint Peter's – Truth Unveiled: Bernini's Bell Towers and the Allegory of Truth: Urban VIII's Bell Towers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bernini2013.org/truth-unveiled-by-time/urban-viiis-bell-towers/">the original</a> on 10 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Peter%27s+%E2%80%93+Truth+Unveiled%3A+Bernini%27s+Bell+Towers+and+the+Allegory+of+Truth%3A+Urban+VIII%27s+Bell+Towers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbernini2013.org%2Ftruth-unveiled-by-time%2Furban-viiis-bell-towers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+Peter%27s+Basilica" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/monumenti/basilica-di-san-pietro/basilica.html">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/various/basiliche/san_pietro/vr_tour/index-en.html">"Virtual Reality Tour of the Basilica of Saint Peter"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info">St Peter's Basilica.info</a> ‒ unofficial website on the basilica, with images and text from different books.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150720001706/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/150720-Vatican-360-Degree-Tour-Saint-Peters-Basilica/">360 Degree Photographs Inside Saint Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=vatican&ll=41.901806,12.455138&spn=0.004081,0.007298&t=h&hl=en">Google Maps</a>: Vatican ‒ Satellite image of the Basilica</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbarnard2.wixsite.com/beggarsrome/copy-of-s-cecilia-in-trastevere-4">"Beggar's Rome"</a> - A self-directed virtual tour of St. Peter's Basilica and other Roman churches</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpetersbasilica.info/Confessio/Confessio.htm">Confessio by Carlo Maderno</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Records </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Unknown</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Rome" title="List of tallest buildings in Rome">Tallest building in Rome</a> </b><br />1626–2012<br /><small>136.6 metres (448 ft)</small> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Torre_Eurosky" title="Torre Eurosky">Torre Eurosky</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Unknown</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_domes" title="List of largest domes">Tallest dome</a> </b><br />1626–present<br /><small>136.6 metres (448 ft)</small> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Current holder</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michelangelo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;;background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michelangelo" title="Template:Michelangelo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michelangelo" title="Template talk:Michelangelo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michelangelo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michelangelo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michelangelo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Michelangelo" title="List of works by Michelangelo">List of works</a></b></li> <li>✻ attributed</li> <li>†lost</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Sculptures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sculptures</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1488–1492</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_of_a_Faun" title="Head of a Faun">Head of a Faun</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_the_Stairs" title="Madonna of the Stairs">Madonna of the Stairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Centaurs_(Michelangelo)" title="Battle of the Centaurs (Michelangelo)">Battle of the Centaurs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Michelangelo)" title="Crucifix (Michelangelo)">Crucifix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Bologna, 1494–1495</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Additions to the <a href="/wiki/Arca_di_San_Domenico" title="Arca di San Domenico">Arca di San Domenico</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petronius_(Michelangelo)" title="Saint Petronius (Michelangelo)">Saint Petronius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Proculus_(Michelangelo)" title="Saint Proculus (Michelangelo)">Saint Proculus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel_(Michelangelo)" title="Angel (Michelangelo)">Angel</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Rome, 1496–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Cupid_(Michelangelo)" title="Sleeping Cupid (Michelangelo)">Sleeping Cupid</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_(Michelangelo)" title="Bacchus (Michelangelo)">Bacchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Cupid_(Michelangelo)" title="Sleeping Cupid (Michelangelo)">Standing Cupid</a></i>†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence, 1501–1505</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Bruges" title="Madonna of Bruges">Madonna of Bruges</a></i></li> <li>Additions to the <a href="/wiki/Piccolomini_Altarpiece" title="Piccolomini Altarpiece">Piccolomini Altarpiece</a> <ul><li><i>Saints Peter</i>, <i>Paul</i>, <i>Pius</i> and <i>Gregory</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitti_Tondo" title="Pitti Tondo">Pitti Tondo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taddei_Tondo" title="Taddei Tondo">Taddei Tondo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthew_(Michelangelo)" title="Saint Matthew (Michelangelo)">Saint Matthew</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_Bronzes" title="Rothschild Bronzes">Rothschild Bronzes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Pope_Julius_II" title="Tomb of Pope Julius II">Tomb of Julius II</a>, 1505–1545</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_(Michelangelo)" title="Moses (Michelangelo)">Moses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebellious_Slave" title="Rebellious Slave">Rebellious Slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dying_Slave" title="Dying Slave">Dying Slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Slave" title="Young Slave">Young Slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearded_Slave" title="Bearded Slave">Bearded Slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Slave" title="Atlas Slave">Atlas Slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awakening_Slave" title="Awakening Slave">Awakening Slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Victory" title="The Genius of Victory">The Genius of Victory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rachel_(sculpture)" title="Rachel (sculpture)">Rachel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leah_(sculpture)" title="Leah (sculpture)">Leah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence, 1516–1534</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Risen_Christ_(Michelangelo,_Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva)" title="Risen Christ (Michelangelo, Santa Maria sopra Minerva)">Christ Carrying the Cross</a></i></li> <li>Medici Chapel <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Giuliano_de%27_Medici,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Portrait of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours">Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_(Michelangelo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night (Michelangelo)">Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_(Michelangelo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Day (Michelangelo)">Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dusk_(Michelangelo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dusk (Michelangelo)">Dusk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(Michelangelo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn (Michelangelo)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medici_Madonna" title="Medici Madonna">Medici Madonna</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_(Michelangelo)" title="Apollo (Michelangelo)">Apollo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crouching_Boy" title="Crouching Boy">Crouching Boy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Rome, 1534–1564</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brutus_(Michelangelo)" title="Brutus (Michelangelo)">Brutus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deposition_(Michelangelo)" title="The Deposition (Michelangelo)">Florentine Pietà</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestrina_Piet%C3%A0" title="Palestrina Pietà">Palestrina Pietà</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rondanini_Piet%C3%A0" title="Rondanini Pietà">Rondanini Pietà</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Paintings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Paintings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center">Panel paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Torment_of_Saint_Anthony" title="The Torment of Saint Anthony">The Torment of Saint Anthony</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Madonna" title="Manchester Madonna">Manchester Madonna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Entombment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Entombment (Michelangelo)">The Entombment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doni_Tondo" title="Doni Tondo">Doni Tondo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leda_and_the_Swan_(Michelangelo)" title="Leda and the Swan (Michelangelo)">Leda and the Swan</a></i>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Vecchio#Salone_dei_Cinquecento" title="Palazzo Vecchio">Salone dei Cinquecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cascina_(Michelangelo)" title="Battle of Cascina (Michelangelo)">Battle of Cascina</a></i>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling">(ceiling gallery)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Ceiling</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Light_from_Darkness" title="Separation of Light from Darkness">Separation of Light from Darkness</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_Sun,_Moon,_and_Plants" title="The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants">The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Daniel_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Daniel (Michelangelo)">Prophet Daniel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Isaiah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Isaiah (Michelangelo)">Prophet Isaiah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Jeremiah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Jeremiah (Michelangelo)">Prophet Jeremiah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Joel_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Joel (Michelangelo)">Prophet Joel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophet_Jonah_(Michelangelo)" title="Prophet Jonah (Michelangelo)">Prophet Jonah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">The Last Judgment</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Pauline Chapel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter_(Michelangelo)" title="The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Michelangelo)">The Crucifixion of Saint Peter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Saul_(Michelangelo)" title="The Conversion of Saul (Michelangelo)">The Conversion of Saul</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Architecture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Florence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagrestia_Nuova" title="Sagrestia Nuova">New Sacristy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Library" title="Laurentian Library">Laurentian Library</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Lorenzo,_Florence" title="Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence">Basilica of San Lorenzo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Rome</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Hill#Piazza" title="Capitoline Hill">Piazza del Campidoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Farnese" title="Palazzo Farnese">Palazzo Farnese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_San_Michele_(Rome)" title="Tor San Michele (Rome)">Tor San Michele</a> ✻</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">San Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pia" title="Porta Pia">Porta Pia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE; text-align: center;"><div id="Works_on_paper,_milieu,_etc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works on paper, milieu, etc.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Works on paper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Study_of_a_Kneeling_Nude_Girl_for_The_Entombment" title="Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment">Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Male_Back_with_a_Flag" title="Male Back with a Flag">Male Back with a Flag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studies_for_the_Libyan_Sibyl" title="Studies for the Libyan Sibyl">Studies for the Libyan Sibyl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punishment_of_Tityus_(Michelangelo)" title="The Punishment of Tityus (Michelangelo)">The Punishment of Tityus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_for_Vittoria_Colonna" title="Pietà for Vittoria Colonna">Pietà for Vittoria Colonna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epifania" title="Epifania">Epifania</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Milieu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecchino_dei_Bracci" title="Cecchino dei Bracci">Cecchino dei Bracci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_dei_Cavalieri" title="Tommaso dei Cavalieri">Tommaso dei Cavalieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Colonna" title="Vittoria Colonna">Vittoria Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanio_Condivi" title="Ascanio Condivi">Ascanio Condivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardo_Perini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gherardo Perini">Gherardo Perini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_del_Piombo" title="Sebastiano del Piombo">Sebastiano del Piombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febo_di_Poggio" title="Febo di Poggio">Febo di Poggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_del_Riccio" title="Luigi del Riccio">Luigi del Riccio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EAEAAE; text-align: center">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Buonarroti" title="Casa Buonarroti">Casa Buonarroti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_and_the_Medici" title="Michelangelo and the Medici">Michelangelo and the Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_David" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's David">Replicas of <i>David</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's Pietà">Replicas of the <i>Pietà</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Titan:_Story_of_Michelangelo" title="The Titan: Story of Michelangelo"><i>The Titan: Story of Michelangelo</i> (1950 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy_(novel)" title="The Agony and the Ecstasy (novel)"><i>The Agony and the Ecstasy</i> (1961 novel,</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy_(film)" title="The Agony and the Ecstasy (film)">1965 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Season_of_Giants" title="A Season of Giants"><i>A Season of Giants</i> (1990 TV film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_(crater)" title="Michelangelo (crater)">Michelangelo (crater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_quadrangle" title="Michelangelo quadrangle">Michelangelo quadrangle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donato_Bramante" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donato_Bramante" title="Template:Donato Bramante"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donato_Bramante" title="Template talk:Donato Bramante"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donato_Bramante" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Donato Bramante"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donato_Bramante" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Church buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_presso_San_Satiro" title="Santa Maria presso San Satiro">Santa Maria presso San Satiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> (c. 1476–1482) (with <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amadeo" title="Giovanni Antonio Amadeo">Giovanni Antonio Amadeo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie,_Milan" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan">Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan</a> (1492–1498) (cloister and apse)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Montorio" title="San Pietro in Montorio">San Pietro in Montorio</a> (The Tempietto), <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (c. 1502)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Pace" title="Santa Maria della Pace">Santa Maria della Pace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (1504) (cloister)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (original design, 1503, ground breaking, 1506)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Consolazione,_Todi" title="Santa Maria della Consolazione, Todi">Santa Maria della Consolazione, Todi</a> (original project attributed, ground breaking 1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Oleo" title="San Giovanni in Oleo">San Giovanni in Oleo</a> (original project attributed, c. 1509)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Magno,_Legnano" title="Basilica of San Magno, Legnano">Basilica of San Magno, Legnano</a> (1504–1513)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secular buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (1504–1505)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Caprini" title="Palazzo Caprini">Palazzo Caprini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (original design c. 1501; demolished in the 17th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_at_the_Column_(Bramante)" title="Christ at the Column (Bramante)">Christ at the Column</a></i> (c. 1490) (<i>attribution</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frescoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Visconti_frescoes" title="Palazzo Visconti frescoes">Palazzo Visconti frescoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Carlo_Maderno" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carlo_Maderno" title="Template:Carlo Maderno"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carlo_Maderno" title="Template talk:Carlo Maderno"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carlo_Maderno" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carlo Maderno"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Carlo_Maderno" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and<br />religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti">Trinità dei Monti</a> (co-autorship, late 16th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a> (façade and other works, 1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Susanna">Santa Susanna</a> (reconstruction project, 1595–1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">Sant'Andrea della Valle</a> (new project, 1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_in_Augusta" title="San Giacomo in Augusta">San Giacomo in Augusta</a> (original project by Francesco Capriani; completion in 1604–1609)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a> (façade and nave, 1602–1615)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">San Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a> (direction of the works, 1602–1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome</a> (1605–1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ignazio,_Rome" title="Sant'Ignazio, Rome">Sant'Ignazio, Rome</a> (possible collaboration, 1620s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerasi_Chapel" title="Cerasi Chapel">Cerasi Chapel</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo">Santa Maria del Popolo</a> (c. 1601–1605)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secular buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Mattei" title="Palazzo Mattei">Palazzo Mattei</a> (1598–1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Aldobrandini" title="Villa Aldobrandini">Villa Aldobrandini</a> (co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(architect)" title="Giovanni Fontana (architect)">Giovanni Fontana</a>; involvement, 1603–1623)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a> (co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, 1627–1633)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_degli_Incurabili" title="San Giacomo degli Incurabili">San Giacomo degli Incurabili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a> (oncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(architect)" title="Giovanni Fontana (architect)">Giovanni Fontana</a> (oncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Maderno" title="Stefano Maderno">Stefano Maderno</a> (possible brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> (collaborator)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Francesco_Borromini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Francesco_Borromini" title="Template:Francesco Borromini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Francesco_Borromini" title="Template talk:Francesco Borromini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Francesco_Borromini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Francesco Borromini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Francesco_Borromini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and<br />religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia_in_Selci" title="Santa Lucia in Selci">Santa Lucia in Selci</a> (restoration, 1638–1639; decoration of the Trinity Chapel, 1628–1639)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_alle_Quattro_Fontane" title="San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane">San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane</a> (ground break, 1638; dedication, 1646; works continued afterwards)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratorio_dei_Filippini" title="Oratorio dei Filippini">Oratorio dei Filippini</a> (1637–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Sette_Dolori,_Rome" title="Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori, Rome">Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori, Rome</a> (1643–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_in_Agone" title="Sant'Agnese in Agone">Sant'Agnese in Agone</a> (involvement, 1653–1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_in_Oleo" title="San Giovanni in Oleo">San Giovanni in Oleo</a> (remodelling, 1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ivo_alla_Sapienza" title="Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza">Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza</a> (1642–1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">Sant'Andrea delle Fratte</a> (project and direction, 1653–1667; continued by <a href="/wiki/Mattia_de_Rossi" title="Mattia de Rossi">Mattia de Rossi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secular buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a> (co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo Maderna">Carlo Maderna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, 1627–1633)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Falconieri" title="Villa Falconieri">Villa Falconieri</a> (expansion commissioned, 1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Spada" title="Palazzo Spada">Palazzo Spada</a> (remodelling, 1632)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Falconieri" title="Palazzo Falconieri">Palazzo Falconieri</a> (remodelling, 1646, façade and loggia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Giustiniani,_Rome" title="Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome">Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome</a> (worked in the 1650s; co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(architect)" title="Giovanni Fontana (architect)">Giovanni Fontana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_di_Propaganda_Fide" title="Palazzo di Propaganda Fide">Palazzo di Propaganda Fide</a> (1644–1667; co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, involved in 1620s–1644)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a> (renovation of the interior)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a> (possible collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a> (gates of the Blessed Sacrament Chapel and possibly parts of baldachin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">San Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a> (choir project)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Naples" title="Santi Apostoli, Naples">Santi Apostoli, Naples</a> (Filomarino Family Chapel design, 1646)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_alla_Porta,_Milan" title="Santa Maria alla Porta, Milan">Santa Maria alla Porta, Milan</a> (portal and tympanum)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Sapienza_(film)" title="La Sapienza (film)">La Sapienza</a></i> (2015 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High_Renaissance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Renaissance" title="Template:High Renaissance"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High_Renaissance" title="Template talk:High Renaissance"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High_Renaissance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High Renaissance"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High_Renaissance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal proponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Bramante" title="Donato Bramante">Donato Bramante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgione" title="Giorgione">Giorgione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariotto_Albertinelli" title="Mariotto Albertinelli">Mariotto Albertinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrino_Aretusi" title="Pellegrino Aretusi">Pellegrino Aretusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_Bartolomeo" title="Fra Bartolomeo">Fra Bartolomeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Beretta" title="Ludovico Beretta">Ludovico Beretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moretto_da_Brescia" title="Moretto da Brescia">Moretto da Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Cairano" title="Gasparo Cairano">Gasparo Cairano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Clovio" title="Giulio Clovio">Giulio Clovio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Correggio" title="Antonio da Correggio">Antonio da Correggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo" title="Piero di Cosimo">Piero di Cosimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_delle_Croci" title="Bernardino delle Croci">Bernardino delle Croci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Genga" title="Girolamo Genga">Girolamo Genga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lotto" title="Lorenzo Lotto">Lorenzo Lotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maffeo_Olivieri" title="Maffeo Olivieri">Maffeo Olivieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Peruzzi" title="Baldassare Peruzzi">Baldassare Peruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_del_Piombo" title="Sebastiano del Piombo">Sebastiano del Piombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_del_Sarto" title="Andrea del Sarto">Andrea del Sarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Sodoma" title="Il Sodoma">Il Sodoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagnino" title="Tamagnino">Tamagnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_Vecchio" title="Palma Vecchio">Palma Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Vassilacchi" title="Antonio Vassilacchi">Antonio Vassilacchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)" title="The Last Supper (Leonardo)">The Last Supper</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1492–1498</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i> (1498–1499)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Montorio" title="San Pietro in Montorio">San Pietro in Montorio</a> (1500)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></i> (1501–1504)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1502–1516</span>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a> (1506–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a> (1508–1512)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a> (1509–1524)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_(Raphael)" title="Transfiguration (Raphael)">Transfiguration</a></i> (1516–1520)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">The Last Judgment</a></i> (1536–1541)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Burckhardt" title="Jacob Burckhardt">Jacob Burckhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Johann Joachim Winckelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardeschi" title="Leonardeschi">Leonardeschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">The Lives</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vatican_City_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template talk:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vatican_City_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">List of sovereigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General for Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#History" title="Vatican City">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tombs_in_Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica">Papal tombs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Ungheresi" title="Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi">Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Nuovo_(Rome)" title="Borgo Nuovo (Rome)">Borgo Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Vecchio_(Rome)" title="Borgo Vecchio (Rome)">Borgo Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Scossacavalli" title="Piazza Scossacavalli">Piazza Scossacavalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="St._Peter&#039;s_Basilica" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Necropolis" title="Vatican Necropolis">Vatican Necropolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_papal_tombs" title="List of extant papal tombs">Papal tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Julii" title="Tomb of the Julii">Tomb of the Julii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Grottoes" title="Vatican Grottoes">Vatican Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Monument to the Royal Stuarts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_Chapel" title="Redemptoris Mater Chapel">Redemptoris Mater Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgia_Apartments" title="Borgia Apartments">Borgia Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_Hall" title="Clementine Hall">Clementine Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stufetta_del_cardinal_Bibbiena" title="Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena">Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Cappella Paolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccoline_Chapel" title="Niccoline Chapel">Niccoline Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Sala Regia (Vatican)">Sala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Scala Regia (Vatican)">Scala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">altarpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_of_Tears" title="Room of Tears">Room of Tears</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Historical_Museum" title="Vatican Historical Museum">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacoteca Vaticana">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art,_Vatican_Museums" title="Collection of Modern and Contemporary Art, Vatican Museums">Modern and Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Pio-Clementino_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Pio-Clementino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Chiaramonti_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Chiaramonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Etrusco_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Egiziano_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Egiziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Pio_Cristiano" title="Museo Pio Cristiano">Pio Cristiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Mundi,_Vatican_City" title="Anima Mundi, Vatican City">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramante_Staircase" title="Bramante Staircase">Bramante Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Gallery_of_Maps" title="Vatican Gallery of Maps">Maps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Tower" title="Gregorian Tower">Gregorian Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina Pio IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_dei_Palafrenieri" title="Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri">Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Holy Spirit Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0_in_Camposanto_dei_Teutonici" title="Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici">Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_Monastery" title="Mater Ecclesiae Monastery">Mater Ecclesiae Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Egidio_in_Borgo" title="Sant'Egidio in Borgo">Sant'Egidio in Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Martino_e_Sebastiano_degli_Svizzeri" title="Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri">Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_(Fazzini)" title="The Resurrection (Fazzini)">The Resurrection</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passetto_di_Borgo" title="Passetto di Borgo">Passetto di Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pellegrino_in_Vaticano" title="San Pellegrino in Vaticano">San Pellegrino in Vaticano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_of_St._Peter%27s_Square" title="Fountains of St. Peter's Square">Fountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pellegrino" title="Porta San Pellegrino">Porta San Pellegrino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciolo_d%27Italia" title="Ricciolo d'Italia">Ricciolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Tower_(Vatican_City)" title="Saint John's Tower (Vatican City)">Saint John's Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Abissini" title="Santo Stefano degli Abissini">Santo Stefano degli Abissini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy" title="Vatican Pharmacy">Vatican Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vatican_City" title="Crime in Vatican City">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Vatican_City_State" title="Fundamental Law of Vatican City State">Fundamental Law</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City#Executive" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">For Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="Institute for the Works of Religion">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Communications" title="Vatican City">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va [Internet domain]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poste_Vaticane" title="Poste Vaticane">Poste Vaticane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">Postage stamps and postal history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vatican_City" title="Tourism in Vatican City">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vatican_City" title="Transport in Vatican City">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Heliport" title="Vatican City Heliport">Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Railway" title="Vatican Railway">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Culture" title="Vatican City">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope" title="Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope">AT telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">observatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City" title="Architecture of Vatican City">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Vatican_City" title="List of archives in Vatican City">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Apostolic Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Climate_Forest" title="Vatican Climate Forest">Climate Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Demographics" title="Vatican City">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Film_Library" title="Vatican Film Library">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State">Philatelic and Numismatic Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Media" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Vatican_City" title="Category:Mass media in Vatican City">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Information_Service" title="Vatican Information Service">Vatican Information Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News_App" title="Vatican News App">Vatican News App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope2you" title="Pope2you">Pope2you</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Vatican City">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Anthem" title="Pontifical Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Amateur_Sports_Association" title="Vatican Amateur Sports Association">Amateur Sports Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_cricket_team" title="Vatican City cricket team">Cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_national_football_team" title="Vatican City national football team">National football team</a> (Men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Vatican City women's national football team">National football team</a> (Women)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Athletics" title="Vatican Athletics">Vatican Athletics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#fff200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" title="Template:Basilicas in the Diocese of Rome"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" title="Template talk:Basilicas in the Diocese of Rome"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basilicas in the Diocese of Rome"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Basilicas_in_the_Diocese_of_Rome" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Basilicas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#fff200"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_ecclesiastical_province_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome">Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Lawrence_outside_the_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls">S. Lorenzo fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_fuori_le_mura" title="Sant'Agnese fuori le mura">S. Agnese fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Agostino" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Sant'Agostino">S. Agostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Sant%27Anastasia_al_Palatino" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino">S. Anastasia al Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">S. Andrea delle Fratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">S. Andrea della Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antonio_da_Padova_in_Via_Merulana" title="Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana">S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_alle_Terme_Neroniane-Alessandrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine">S. Apollinare alle Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Ss. Apostoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Balbina" title="Santa Balbina">S. Balbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_all%27Isola" title="San Bartolomeo all'Isola">S. Bartolomeo all'Isola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Bonifacio_ed_Alessio" title="Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio">Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Camillo_de_Lellis" title="San Camillo de Lellis">S. Camillo de Lellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio_e_Carlo_al_Corso" title="Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso">S. Carlo al Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">S. Cecilia in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Celso_e_Giuliano" title="Santi Celso e Giuliano">Ss. Celso e Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Clemente" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Clemente">S. Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Cosma_e_Damiano,_Rome" title="Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome">Ss. Cosma e Damiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crisogono,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Crisogono, Rome">S. Crisogono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Via_Flaminia" title="Santa Croce in Via Flaminia">S. Croce in Via Flaminia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">S. Croce in Gerusalemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eugenio" title="Sant'Eugenio">S. Eugenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eustachio" title="Sant'Eustachio">S. Eustachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Francesca_Romana,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Francesca Romana, Rome">S. Francesca Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Porta_Latina" title="San Giovanni a Porta Latina"> S. Giovanni a Porta Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_Bosco_in_Via_Tuscolana" title="San Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana">S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Rome">Ss. Giovanni e Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_al_Trionfale" title="San Giuseppe al Trionfale">S. Giuseppe al Trionfale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Damaso" title="San Lorenzo in Damaso">S. Lorenzo in Damaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Lucina" title="San Lorenzo in Lucina">S. Lorenzo in Lucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Ausiliatrice,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome">S. Maria Ausiliatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marco,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Marco, Rome">S. Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">S. Maria degli Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Cosmedin" title="Santa Maria in Cosmedin">S. Maria in Cosmedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Domnica" title="Santa Maria in Domnica">S. Maria in Domnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Aracoeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria in Aracoeli">S. Maria in Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo">S. Maria del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">S. Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Maria in Trastevere">S. Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via" title="Santa Maria in Via">S. Maria in Via</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via_Lata" title="Santa Maria in Via Lata">S. Maria in Via Lata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">S. Maria della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_ai_Monti" title="San Martino ai Monti">S. Martino ai Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Nereo_e_Achilleo" title="Santi Nereo e Achilleo">Ss. Nereo e Achilleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_in_Carcere" title="San Nicola in Carcere">S. Nicola in Carcere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">S. Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="San Pietro in Vincoli">S. Pietro in Vincoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">S. Prassede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pudenziana" title="Santa Pudenziana">S. Pudenziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Quattro_Coronati" title="Santi Quattro Coronati">Ss. Quattro Coronati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Rome" title="San Saba, Rome">S. Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">S. Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Maria" title="Sacro Cuore di Maria">Sacro Cuore di Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Cristo_Re" title="Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re">Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Ges%C3%B9_a_Castro_Pretorio" title="Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio">Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebastiano_fuori_le_mura" title="San Sebastiano fuori le mura">S. Sebastiano fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Silvestro_in_Capite" title="San Silvestro in Capite">S. Silvestro in Capite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Sisto_Vecchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of San Sisto Vecchio">S. Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_a_Via_Boccea" title="Santa Sofia a Via Boccea">S. Sofia a Via Boccea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_al_Monte_Celio" title="Santo Stefano al Monte Celio">S. Stefano Rotondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Rome" title="Santa Teresa, Rome">S. Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale,_Rome" title="San Vitale, Rome">S. Vitale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#fff200"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecclesiastical_basilicas_in_Rome" title="List of ecclesiastical basilicas in Rome">Basilicas list</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_Curia_of_the_Holy_See" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Curia_footer" title="Template:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Curia_footer" title="Template talk:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Curia_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Curia footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_Curia_of_the_Holy_See" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Secretariat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Secretariat_of_State" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Section for General Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States" title="Section for Relations with States">Section for Relations with States</a></li> <li>Secretary for Pontifical Representations</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Service of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Dicastery for the Eastern Churches">Oriental Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" title="Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Christian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Integral_Human_Development" title="Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development">Integral Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Legislative_Texts" title="Dicastery for Legislative Texts">Legislative Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Communications">Communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">Tribunals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for the Economy">Council for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li>Office of the Auditor General</li> <li>Commission for Confidential Matters</li> <li>Committee for Investments</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_Household" title="Prefecture of the Papal Household">Prefecture of the Papal Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff" title="Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff">Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Office_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Labour Office of the Apostolic See">Labour Office of the Apostolic See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Archives">Vatican Apostolic Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Apostolic Library">Vatican Apostolic Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_of_Saint_Peter" title="Fabric of Saint Peter">Fabric of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Sacred_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology">Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology</a></li> <li>AVEPRO</li> <li>Supervisory and Financial Information Authority</li> <li>Domus Vaticanae</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Interdicasterial commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Particular Churches</li> <li>Church in Eastern Europe</li> <li>Consecrated Religious</li> <li>Candidates to Sacred Order</li> <li>Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Commissions and committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_International_Eucharistic_Congresses" title="Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses">International Eucharistic Congresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Committee_for_Historical_Sciences" title="Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences">Historical Sciences</a></li> <li>Advocates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Swiss_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_Commission_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia">Disciplinary</a></li> <li>Financial Security</li> <li>Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion</li> <li>Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector</li> <li>Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Councils, commissions, and offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Evangelization" title="Dicastery for Evangelization">Evangelization</a> <ul><li>International Council for Catechesis</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Doctrine of the Faith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_Minors" title="Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors">Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Theological_Commission" title="International Theological Commission">International Theological Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Biblical_Commission" title="Pontifical Biblical Commission">Pontifical Biblical Commission</a></li> <li>College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Latin_America" title="Pontifical Commission for Latin America">Pontifical Commission for Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Clergy" title="Dicastery for the Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li>Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity" title="Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity">Christian Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_the_Jews" title="Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews">Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Interreligious_Dialogue" title="Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue">Interreligious Dialogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Religious_Relations_with_Muslims" title="Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims">Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Culture and Education</a> <ul><li>Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Communications">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Publishing_House" title="Vatican Publishing House">Vatican Publishing House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Office_of_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Office of the Holy See">Press Office of the Holy See</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Pontifical academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Arcadia" title="Pontifical Academy of Arcadia">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsian_Academy" title="Alphonsian Academy">Alphonsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy" title="Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_and_Letters_of_the_Virtuosi_al_Pantheon" title="Pontifical Academy of Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon">Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Theology" title="Pontifical Academy of Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Archaeology" title="Pontifical Academy of Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Martyrs" title="Pontifical Academy of Martyrs">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Saint Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Mary" title="Pontifical Academy of Mary">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Life" title="Pontifical Academy for Life">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_for_Latin" title="Pontifical Academy for Latin">Latin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Papal See of Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vicar General for the Vatican City State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome</a></li> <li>Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome</li> <li>Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a> (16th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Immensa_Aeterni_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Immensa Aeterni Dei">Immensa Aeterni Dei</a></i> (1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI%27s_reform_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="Pope Paul VI's reform of the Roman Curia">Reform by Paul VI</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor_bonus" title="Pastor bonus">Reform by John Paul II</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Reform by Francis</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Formerdicasteries" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Former<br />dicasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Borders" title="Congregation for Borders">Congregation for Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Ceremonies" title="Congregation of Ceremonies">Congregation of Ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Congregation for Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Sacred Congregation of the Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Vatican_Press" title="Congregation of the Vatican Press">Congregation of the Vatican Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Consulta" title="Sacra Consulta">Sacred Congregation of the <i>Consulta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Indulgences_and_Sacred_Relics" title="Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics">Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Congregation_of_Rites" title="Sacred Congregation of Rites">Congregation of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Chancery" title="Apostolic Chancery">Apostolic Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Apostolic Dataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Papal_Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Papal Charities">Office of Papal Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariate_of_Briefs_to_Princes_and_of_Latin_Letters" title="Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters">Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Administration_of_the_Holy_See" title="Special Administration of the Holy See">Special Administration of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_the_Cultural_Heritage_of_the_Church" title="Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church">Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_Ecclesia_Dei" title="Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei">Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Pontifical Council for Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_the_New_Evangelization" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting the New Evangelization">New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Social_Communications" title="Pontifical Council for Social Communications">Pontifical Council for Social Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">Pontifical Council for the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_Cor_Unum" title="Pontifical Council Cor Unum"><i>Cor Unum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Justice_and_Peace" title="Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace">Justice and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Migrants_and_Itinerant_People" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People">Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Pastoral_Care_of_Health_Care_Workers" title="Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers">Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Evangelization of Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_New_Evangelization" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Promoting New Evangelization">New Evangelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education" title="Congregation for Catholic Education">Catholic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture" title="Pontifical Council for Culture">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papacy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papacy" title="Template:Papacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papacy" title="Template talk:Papacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Papacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holy_See(Full_communion)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">Full communion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></b> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Primacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">History</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vatican_City(index,_outline)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enclaved" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaved">Enclaved</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a>, 1929</li></ul></li> <li>along with <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">properties of the Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Headquarters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Titles</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal names</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_(style)" title="Holiness (style)">His Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_of_Christ" title="Vicar of Christ">Vicar of Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Successor_of_the_Prince_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor of the Prince of the Apostles">Successor of the Prince of the Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifex_maximus#Catholic_Church_use_of_the_title" title="Pontifex maximus">Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_West" title="Patriarch of the West">Patriarch of the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of Italy">Primate of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_and_Metropolitan_of_the_Roman_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province">Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_of_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign of the Vatican City State">Sovereign of the Vatican City State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_servants_of_God" title="Servant of the servants of God">Servant of the servants of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coats_of_arms" title="Papal coats of arms">Coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Holy_See" title="Coat of arms of the Holy See">Coat of arms of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_cross" title="Papal cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keys_of_Heaven" title="Keys of Heaven">Keys of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_regalia_and_insignia" title="Papal regalia and insignia">Regalia and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_(papal_signature)" title="Rota (papal signature)">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbraculum" title="Umbraculum">Umbraculum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Proclamations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Bull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_bulls" title="List of papal bulls">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter" title="Ecclesiastical letter">Ecclesiastical letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_arbitration" title="Papal arbitration">Arbitration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_deposing_power" title="Papal deposing power">Deposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_blessing" title="Apostolic blessing">Blessing</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Episcopal_blessing" title="Episcopal blessing">Pontifical</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urbi_et_Orbi" title="Urbi et Orbi">Urbi et Orbi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Conclave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of papal elections">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_consistory" title="Papal consistory">Consistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_diplomatics" title="Papal diplomatics">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_inauguration" title="Papal inauguration">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">High Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_travel" title="Papal travel">Travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Vestments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camauro" title="Camauro">Camauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falda" title="Falda">Falda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_fanon" title="Papal fanon">Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ferula" title="Papal ferula">Ferula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">Mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_the_Fisherman" title="Ring of the Fisherman">Ring of the Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_shoes" title="Papal shoes">Shoes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_slippers" title="Papal slippers">Slippers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-cinctorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-cinctorium">Sub-cinctorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Tiara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">Zucchetto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popemobile" title="Popemobile">Popemobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedia_gestatoria" title="Sedia gestatoria">Sedia gestatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd One">Shepherd One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Household</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="List of commanders of the Pontifical Swiss Guard">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Palatinus in the Catholic Church">Palatinus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_majordomo" title="Papal majordomo">Papal majordomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_gentleman" title="Papal gentleman">Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Preacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Preacher">Preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Papal household">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">Prelate of Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_assistant_to_the_Papal_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince assistant to the Papal throne">Prince assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theologian_of_the_Pontifical_Household" title="Theologian of the Pontifical Household">Theologian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_cardinals" title="List of current cardinals">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">for Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Giulia" title="Cappella Giulia">Cappella Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_nobility" title="Papal nobility">Papal nobility</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_nobility" title="Black nobility">Black</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Orders of chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_academy" title="Pontifical academy">Pontifical academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_university" title="Pontifical university">Pontifical university</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_universities_in_Rome" title="Pontifical universities in Rome">in Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Colleges" title="Roman Colleges">Pontifical colleges in Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Roman_Major_Seminary" title="Pontifical Roman Major Seminary">Major Seminary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papabile" title="Papabile">Papabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonised_popes" title="List of canonised popes">Canonised popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legends_surrounding_the_papacy" title="Legends surrounding the papacy">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popes_by_country" title="List of popes by country">Popes by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sexually_active_popes" title="List of sexually active popes">Sexually active popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">Antipope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holy_See" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holy_See" title="Template:Holy See"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_See" title="Template talk:Holy See"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holy_See" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy See"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_See" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">Apostolic</a> <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal see</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty and government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Sovereign judicial entity</a> under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">Apostolic see</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Primacy of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">History of papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrimony_of_Saint_Peter" title="Patrimony of Saint Peter">Patrimony of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Museum" title="Lateran Museum">Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Sutri" title="Donation of Sutri">Donation of Sutri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See" title="Temporal power of the Holy See">Temporal power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popes_during_the_Age_of_Revolution" title="Popes during the Age of Revolution">Age of Revolution</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_during_the_Savoyard_era_(1870%E2%80%931929)" title="Vatican during the Savoyard era (1870–1929)">Savoyard era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Warsaw Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereign<br />judicial entity</a><br /><small>under<br /><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international<br />law</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Legal status</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">Officials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Papal conclave</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">For Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign affairs</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Multilateral_foreign_policy_of_the_Holy_See" title="Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See">Multilateral policy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Section for Relations with States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Holy See">To the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Of the Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Holy See–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" title="Holy See and the United Nations">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations">Permanent Observer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations_in_Geneva" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva">in Geneva</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Council of Europe">Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nunciature" title="Apostolic nunciature">Apostolic nunciature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Nuncio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Treaties of the Holy See">Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordats</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese<br />of Rome</a><br /><small>with <a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction" title="Universal jurisdiction">universal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Synods" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Ordinary_general_assemblies" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Ordinary general assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Extraordinary_general_assemblies" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Extraordinary general assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Special_assemblies" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Special assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Province_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical Province of Rome">Ecclesiastical<br />province of Rome</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Vicariate</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Rome</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vatican City</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suburbicarian_diocese" title="Suburbicarian diocese">Suburbicarian sees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Ostia" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia">Ostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Velletri-Segni" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri-Segni">Velletri-Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Porto-Santa_Rufina" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina">Porto-Santa Rufina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Frascati" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati">Frascati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Palestrina" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina">Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Albano" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano">Albano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Sabina-Poggio_Mirteto" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto">Sabina-Poggio Mirteto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Territorial abbeys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Abbey_of_Montecassino" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Abbey of Montecassino">Montecassino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Scholastica,_Subiaco" title="Abbey of Saint Scholastica, Subiaco">Subiaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_diocese" title="Suffragan diocese">Suffragan dioceses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gaeta" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gaeta">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Anagni-Alatri" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Anagni-Alatri">Anagni-Alatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Civita_Castellana" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Civita Castellana">Civita Castellana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Civitavecchia-Tarquinia" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Civitavecchia-Tarquinia">Civitavecchia-Tarquinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino">Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno">Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Rieti" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Rieti">Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo">Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tivoli" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tivoli">Tivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Viterbo" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Viterbo">Viterbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a><br /><small>including<br /><a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extra-<br />territoriality</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Inside<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Lateran_University" title="Pontifical Lateran University">Lateran University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Sancta" title="Scala Sancta">Scala Sancta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancta_Sanctorum_(Lateran,_Rome)" title="Sancta Sanctorum (Lateran, Rome)">Sancta Sanctorum</a></li> <li>Adjoining buildings</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_San_Callisto" title="Palazzo San Callisto">Palace of Saint Callixtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianicolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianicolo">Gianicolo</a> Hill area <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Urban_University" title="Pontifical Urban University">Pontifical Urban University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_North_American_College" title="Pontifical North American College">Pontifical North American College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambino_Ges%C3%B9_Hospital" title="Bambino Gesù Hospital">Bambino Gesù Hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Cancelleria" title="Palazzo della Cancelleria">Palazzo della Cancelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_di_Propaganda_Fide" title="Palazzo di Propaganda Fide">Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Holy_Office" title="Palace of the Holy Office">Palace of the Holy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Convertendi" title="Palazzo dei Convertendi">Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Pio_(Borgo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Pio (Borgo) (page does not exist)">Palazzo Pio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Maffei_Marescotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Maffei Marescotti">Palace of the Vicariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Roman_Major_Seminary" title="Pontifical Roman Major Seminary">Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li>Benedictine monastery</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontifical_Oratory_of_San_Paolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo (page does not exist)">Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beda_College" title="Beda College">Beda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Non-extraterritorial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Non-<br />extraterritorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Holy Apostles</a></li> <li>Palace of <a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_ai_Catinari" title="San Carlo ai Catinari">San Carlo ai Catinari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_Bellarmino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio Bellarmino (page does not exist)">Collegio Bellarmino</a></li> <li>Archaeological Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Oriental_Institute" title="Pontifical Oriental Institute">Pontifical Oriental Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Lombard_Seminary" title="Pontifical Lombard Seminary">Pontifical Lombard Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Russicum" title="Collegium Russicum">Russian College</a></li> <li>Two Palaces of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_alle_Terme_Neroniane-Alessandrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine">Sant'Apollinare</a></li> <li>House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nympheum_of_Nero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nympheum of Nero (page does not exist)">Nympheum of Nero</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Outside<br />Rome</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Palace_of_Castel_Gandolfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo">Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo</a> <ul><li>Papal farm</li> <li>Gardens of the Villa Cybo</li> <li>Villa <a href="/wiki/Barberini" class="mw-redirect" title="Barberini">Barberini</a></li> <li>Adjacent gardens</li></ul></li> <li>Summer estate of <a href="/wiki/Pontificio_Collegio_Urbano_de_Propaganda_Fide" title="Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide">Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a> antennae area of <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Galeria" class="extiw" title="it:Santa Maria di Galeria">Santa Maria di Galeria</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Non-extraterritorial" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Non-<br />extraterritorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Holy_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the Holy House">Basilica of the Holy House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Anthony_of_Padua" title="Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua">Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Papal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_Pence" title="Peter's Pence">Peter's Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Apostolic Signatura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Rome" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Template:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Template talk:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Rome" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_monuments_in_Rome" title="List of ancient monuments in Rome">Landmarks of Rome</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Walls and gates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_Walls" title="Aurelian Walls">Aurelian Walls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Ardeatina" title="Porta Ardeatina">Ardeatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Asinaria" title="Porta Asinaria">Asinaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Latina" title="Porta Latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Maggiore" title="Porta Maggiore">Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Metronia" title="Porta Metronia">Metronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Nomentana" title="Porta Nomentana">Nomentana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pia" title="Porta Pia">Pia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pinciana" title="Porta Pinciana">Pinciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_del_Popolo" title="Porta del Popolo">Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese">Portese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">San Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Paolo" title="Porta San Paolo">San Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Giovanni_(Rome)" title="Porta San Giovanni (Rome)">San Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Sebastiano" title="Porta San Sebastiano">San Sebastiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Settimiana" title="Porta Settimiana">Settimiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Tiburtina" title="Porta Tiburtina">Tiburtina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Cavalleggeri" title="Porta Cavalleggeri">Cavalleggeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pertusa" title="Porta Pertusa">Pertusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Santo_Spirito" title="Porta Santo Spirito">Santo Spirito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castra_Praetoria" title="Castra Praetoria">Castra Praetoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janiculum_walls" title="Janiculum walls">Janiculum Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Terreus" title="Murus Terreus">Terreus Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Romuli" title="Murus Romuli">Romuli Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servian_Wall" title="Servian Wall">Servian Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Caelimontana" title="Porta Caelimontana">Caelimontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Capena" title="Porta Capena">Capena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Collina" title="Porta Collina">Collina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dolabella" title="Arch of Dolabella">Dolabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Esquilina" title="Porta Esquilina">Esquilina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Fontinalis" title="Porta Fontinalis">Fontinalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Gallienus" title="Arch of Gallienus">Gallienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Viminale" title="Porta Viminale">Viminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Naevia" title="Porta Naevia">Naevia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Querquetulana" title="Porta Querquetulana">Querquetulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Trigemina" title="Porta Trigemina">Trigemina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Ancient <a href="/wiki/List_of_obelisks_in_Rome" title="List of obelisks in Rome">obelisks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Obelisk" title="Lateran Obelisk">Lateran Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Obelisk" title="Flaminio Obelisk">Flaminian Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_and_Obelisk" title="Elephant and Obelisk">Obelisk of Minerveo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_of_Montecitorio" title="Obelisk of Montecitorio">Obelisk of Montecitorio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_monuments_in_Rome" title="List of ancient monuments in Rome">Ancient Roman<br />landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Triumphal arches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Constantine" title="Arch of Constantine">Arch of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dolabella" title="Arch of Dolabella">Arch of Dolabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Drusus" title="Arch of Drusus">Arch of Drusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Gallienus" title="Arch of Gallienus">Arch of Gallienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Janus" title="Arch of Janus">Arch of Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Septimius_Severus" title="Arch of Septimius Severus">Arch of Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arcus_Novus" title="Arcus Novus">Arcus Novus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Aqueducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Appia" title="Aqua Appia">Aqua Appia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Alexandrina" title="Aqua Alexandrina">Aqua Alexandrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Vetus" title="Aqua Anio Vetus">Aqua Anio Vetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Novus" title="Aqua Anio Novus">Aqua Anio Novus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Claudia" title="Aqua Claudia">Aqua Claudia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Julia" title="Aqua Julia">Aqua Julia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Marcia" title="Aqua Marcia">Aqua Marcia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Tepula" title="Aqua Tepula">Aqua Tepula</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Sewers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Maxima" title="Cloaca Maxima">Cloaca Maxima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Circi_Maximi" title="Cloaca Circi Maximi">Cloaca Circi Maximi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Public baths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Agrippa" title="Baths of Agrippa">Baths of Agrippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Caracalla" title="Baths of Caracalla">Baths of Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Diocletian" title="Baths of Diocletian">Baths of Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Nero" title="Baths of Nero">Baths of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Trajan" title="Baths of Trajan">Baths of Trajan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ara_Pacis" title="Ara Pacis">Ara Pacis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Antoninus_and_Faustina" title="Temple of Antoninus and Faustina">Temple of Antoninus and Faustina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Palatinus" title="Temple of Apollo Palatinus">Temple of Apollo Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Sosianus" title="Temple of Apollo Sosianus">Temple of Apollo Sosianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hadrian" title="Temple of Hadrian">Temple of Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_Victor" title="Temple of Hercules Victor">Temple of Hercules Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Janus_(Forum_Holitorium)" title="Temple of Janus (Forum Holitorium)">Temple of Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus" title="Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus">Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Tonans" title="Temple of Jupiter Tonans">Temple of Jupiter Tonans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Minerva_Medica_(nymphaeum)" title="Temple of Minerva Medica (nymphaeum)">Temple of Minerva Medica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Portunus" title="Temple of Portunus">Temple of Portunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Saturn" title="Temple of Saturn">Temple of Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Vesta" title="Temple of Vesta">Temple of Vesta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Vestals" title="House of the Vestals">House of the Vestals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Largo_di_Torre_Argentina" title="Largo di Torre Argentina">Largo di Torre Argentina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupercal" title="Lupercal">Lupercal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Maggiore_Basilica" title="Porta Maggiore Basilica">Porta Maggiore Basilica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Fora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum" title="Roman Forum">Roman Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_fora" title="Imperial fora">Imperial fora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Augustus" title="Forum of Augustus">Forum of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Caesar" title="Forum of Caesar">Forum of Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Nerva" title="Forum of Nerva">Forum of Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Peace,_Rome" title="Temple of Peace, Rome">Forum of Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Forum" title="Trajan's Forum">Trajan's Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_Boarium" title="Forum Boarium">Forum Boarium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_Holitorium" title="Forum Holitorium">Forum Holitorium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Argentaria" title="Basilica Argentaria">Basilica Argentaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Julia" title="Basilica Julia">Basilica Julia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Junius_Bassus" title="Basilica of Junius Bassus">Basilica of Junius Bassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Maxentius" title="Basilica of Maxentius">Basilica of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Neptune" title="Basilica of Neptune">Basilica of Neptune</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Ulpia" title="Basilica Ulpia">Basilica Ulpia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comitium" title="Comitium">Comitium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curia_Julia" title="Curia Julia">Curia Julia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portico_Dii_Consentes" title="Portico Dii Consentes">Portico Dii Consentes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octaviae" title="Porticus Octaviae">Porticus Octaviae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabularium" title="Tabularium">Tabularium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_Maximus" title="Circus Maximus">Circus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Maxentius" title="Circus of Maxentius">Circus of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludus_Magnus" title="Ludus Magnus">Ludus Magnus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Maecenas" title="Gardens of Maecenas">Gardens of Maecenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Sallust" title="Gardens of Sallust">Gardens of Sallust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_of_Domitian" title="Stadium of Domitian">Stadium of Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Marcellus" title="Theatre of Marcellus">Theatre of Marcellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey" title="Theatre of Pompey">Theatre of Pompey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Palaces and <i>villae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Augustana" title="Domus Augustana">Domus Augustana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Aurea" title="Domus Aurea">Domus Aurea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Transitoria" title="Domus Transitoria">Domus Transitoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_Palace" title="Flavian Palace">Flavian Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Augustus" title="House of Augustus">House of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Domitian" title="Palace of Domitian">Palace of Domitian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Gordiani" title="Villa Gordiani">Villa Gordiani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_Livia" title="Villa of Livia">Villa of Livia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insula_dell%27Ara_Coeli" title="Insula dell'Ara Coeli">Insula dell'Ara Coeli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Quintilii" title="Villa of the Quintilii">Villa of the Quintilii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_dei_Sette_Bassi" title="Villa dei Sette Bassi">Villa of the <i>sette bassi</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Column monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Antoninus_Pius" title="Column of Antoninus Pius">Column of Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Column of Marcus Aurelius">Column of Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Column_of_Phocas" title="Column of Phocas">Column of Phocas</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Columns_Monument" title="Five-Columns Monument">Five-Columns Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Porticus_Aemilia" title="Porticus Aemilia">Porticus Aemilia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Market" title="Trajan's Market">Trajan's Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Tombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Casal_Rotondo" title="Casal Rotondo">Casal Rotondo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Domitilla" title="Catacombs of Domitilla">Catacombs of Domitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome">Catacombs of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Sebastiano" title="Catacombs of San Sebastiano">Catacombs of San Sebastiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbarium_of_Pomponius_Hylas" title="Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas">Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus" title="Mausoleum of Augustus">Mausoleum of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Helena" title="Mausoleum of Helena">Mausoleum of Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Maxentius" title="Mausoleum of Maxentius">Mausoleum of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Cestius" title="Pyramid of Cestius">Pyramid of Cestius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eurysaces_the_Baker" title="Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker">Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hilarus_Fuscus" title="Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus">Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Haterii" title="Tomb of the Haterii">Tomb of the Haterii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Scipios" title="Tomb of the Scipios">Tomb of the Scipios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_Via_Latina" title="Tombs of Via Latina">Tombs of Via Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Priscilla" title="Tomb of Priscilla">Tomb of Priscilla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vigna_Randanini" title="Vigna Randanini">Vigna Randanini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pons_Cestius" title="Pons Cestius">Pons Cestius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pons_Fabricius" title="Pons Fabricius">Pons Fabricius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Milvio" title="Ponte Milvio">Ponte Milvio</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Ponte Sant'Angelo">Ponte Sant'Angelo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Roman Catholic<br />basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_fuori_le_mura" title="San Lorenzo fuori le mura">S. Lorenzo fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_fuori_le_mura" title="Sant'Agnese fuori le mura">S. Agnese fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agostino,_Rome" title="Sant'Agostino, Rome">S. Agostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anastasia_al_Palatino" title="Sant'Anastasia al Palatino">S. Anastasia al Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">S. Andrea delle Fratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">S. Andrea della Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antonio_da_Padova_in_Via_Merulana" title="Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana">S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare,_Rome" title="Sant'Apollinare, Rome">S. Apollinare alle Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Ss. Apostoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Balbina" title="Santa Balbina">S. Balbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_all%27Isola" title="San Bartolomeo all'Isola">S. Bartolomeo all'Isola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Bonifacio_ed_Alessio" title="Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio">Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Camillo_de_Lellis" title="San Camillo de Lellis">S. Camillo de Lellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio_e_Carlo_al_Corso" title="Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso">S. Carlo al Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">S. Cecilia in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Celso_e_Giuliano" title="Santi Celso e Giuliano">Ss. Celso e Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_al_Laterano" title="San Clemente al Laterano">S. Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Cosma_e_Damiano,_Rome" title="Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome">Ss. Cosma e Damiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crisogono,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Crisogono, Rome">S. Crisogono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Via_Flaminia" title="Santa Croce in Via Flaminia">S. Croce in Via Flaminia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">S. Croce in Gerusalemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eugenio" title="Sant'Eugenio">S. Eugenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eustachio" title="Sant'Eustachio">S. Eustachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Francesca_Romana" title="Santa Francesca Romana">S. Francesca Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Porta_Latina" title="San Giovanni a Porta Latina"> S. Giovanni a Porta Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_al_Celio" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio">Ss. Giovanni e Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Damaso" title="San Lorenzo in Damaso">S. Lorenzo in Damaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Lucina" title="San Lorenzo in Lucina">S. Lorenzo in Lucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Ausiliatrice,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome">S. Maria Ausiliatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marco_Evangelista_al_Campidoglio,_Rome" title="San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, Rome">S. Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">S. Maria degli Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Miracoli_and_Santa_Maria_in_Montesanto" title="Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto">S. Maria in Montesanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Cosmedin" title="Santa Maria in Cosmedin">S. Maria in Cosmedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Domnica" title="Santa Maria in Domnica">S. Maria in Domnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Ara_Coeli" title="Santa Maria in Ara Coeli">S. Maria in Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo">S. Maria del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">S. Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Maria in Trastevere">S. Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via" title="Santa Maria in Via">S. Maria in Via</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via_Lata" title="Santa Maria in Via Lata">S. Maria in Via Lata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">S. Maria della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_ai_Monti" title="San Martino ai Monti">S. Martino ai Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Nereo_e_Achilleo" title="Santi Nereo e Achilleo">Ss. Nereo e Achilleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_in_Carcere" title="San Nicola in Carcere">S. Nicola in Carcere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">S. Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="San Pietro in Vincoli">S. Pietro in Vincoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">S. Prassede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pudenziana" title="Santa Pudenziana">S. Pudenziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Quattro_Coronati" title="Santi Quattro Coronati">Ss. Quattro Coronati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Rome" title="San Saba, Rome">S. Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">S. Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Maria" title="Sacro Cuore di Maria">Sacro Cuore di Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Cristo_Re" title="Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re">Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Ges%C3%B9_a_Castro_Pretorio" title="Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio">Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebastiano_fuori_le_mura" title="San Sebastiano fuori le mura">S. Sebastiano fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Silvestro_in_Capite" title="San Silvestro in Capite">S. Silvestro in Capite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sisto_Vecchio" title="San Sisto Vecchio">S. Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_a_Via_Boccea" title="Santa Sofia a Via Boccea">S. Sofia a Via Boccea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_al_Monte_Celio" title="Santo Stefano al Monte Celio">S. Stefano Rotondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Rome" title="Santa Teresa, Rome">S. Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale,_Rome" title="San Vitale, Rome">S. Vitale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Other churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">List of churches in Rome</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Castles and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arx_(Roman)" title="Arx (Roman)">Arx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dei_Cavalieri_di_Rodi" title="Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi">Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Internationalis_Paulus_VI" title="Domus Internationalis Paulus VI">Domus Internationalis Paulus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Aragona_Gonzaga" title="Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga">Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini_ai_Giubbonari" title="Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari">Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Borghese" title="Palazzo Borghese">Palazzo Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Cancelleria" title="Palazzo della Cancelleria">Palazzo della Cancelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigi_Palace" title="Chigi Palace">Palazzo Chigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Colonna" title="Palazzo Colonna">Palazzo Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Consulta" title="Palazzo della Consulta">Palazzo della Consulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Farnese" title="Palazzo Farnese">Palazzo Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Fusconi-Pighini" title="Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini">Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Giustiniani,_Rome" title="Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome">Palazzo Giustinani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Rome" title="Palazzo Madama, Rome">Palazzo Madama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Rome" title="Palace of Justice, Rome">Palazzo di Giustizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Colonne" title="Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne">Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Mattei" title="Palazzo Mattei">Palazzo Mattei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Palazzo del Quirinale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pamphilj" title="Palazzo Pamphilj">Palazzo Pamphilj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Poli" title="Palazzo Poli">Palazzo Poli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Corsini,_Rome" title="Palazzo Corsini, Rome">Palazzo Riario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Ruspoli" title="Palazzo Ruspoli">Palazzo Ruspoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Spada" title="Palazzo Spada">Palazzo Spada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Valentini" title="Palazzo Valentini">Palazzo Valentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Vidoni-Caffarelli" title="Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli">Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_Viminale" title="Palazzo del Viminale">Palazzo del Viminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Wedekind" title="Palazzo Wedekind">Palazzo Wedekind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Zuccari,_Rome" title="Palazzo Zuccari, Rome">Palazzo Zuccari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Giulia" title="Villa Giulia">Villa Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Madama" title="Villa Madama">Villa Madama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Api" title="Fontana delle Api">Api</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dell%27Acqua_Felice" title="Fontana dell'Acqua Felice">Acqua Felice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dell%27Acqua_Paola" title="Fontana dell'Acqua Paola">Acqua Paola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babuino" title="Babuino">Babuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Barcaccia" title="Fontana della Barcaccia">Barcaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Facchino" title="Il Facchino">Il Facchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marforio" title="Marforio">Marforio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Moro" title="Fontana del Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasone" title="Nasone">Nasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Navicella,_Rome" title="Fontana della Navicella, Rome">Navicella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune,_Rome" title="Fountain of Neptune, Rome">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Nettuno,_Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Fontana del Nettuno, Piazza del Popolo">Nettuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Pantheon" title="Fontana del Pantheon">del Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Pianto" title="Fontana del Pianto">Pianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_d%27Aracoeli" title="Fontana di Piazza d'Aracoeli">di Piazza d'Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_Colonna" title="Fontana di Piazza Colonna">di Piazza Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontane_di_Piazza_Farnese" title="Fontane di Piazza Farnese">di Piazza Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Piazza_dei_Quiriti" title="Fontana della Piazza dei Quiriti">della Piazza dei Quiriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_Nicosia" title="Fontana di Piazza Nicosia">di Piazza Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_in_Piazza_Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere">in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontanone_di_Ponte_Sisto" title="Fontanone di Ponte Sisto">di Ponte Sisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dei_Quattro_Fiumi" title="Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi">Quattro Fiumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_Fontane" title="Quattro Fontane">Quattro Fontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Tartarughe" title="Fontana delle Tartarughe">Tartarughe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Tritons" title="Fountain of the Tritons">Tritons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Tritone,_Rome" title="Fontana del Tritone, Rome">Tritone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Other landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Altare della Patria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Italy)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Italy)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Verano" title="Campo Verano">Campo Verano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_dei_Capocci" title="Torre dei Capocci">Capocci Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Rome" title="Column of the Immaculate Conception, Rome">Column of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_dei_Conti" title="Torre dei Conti">Conti Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ospedale_di_Santo_Spirito_in_Sassia" title="Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia">Hospital of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_delle_Milizie" title="Torre delle Milizie">Milizie Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sisto" title="Ponte Sisto">Sisto Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Steps" title="Spanish Steps">Spanish Steps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Piazzas_in_Rome" title="Category:Piazzas in Rome">Squares</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Rome" title="List of streets in Rome">streets</a><br />and public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de%27_Fiori" title="Campo de' Fiori">Campo de' Fiori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_Capitolinus" title="Clivus Capitolinus">Clivus Capitolinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Colonna" title="Piazza Colonna">Piazza Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_d%27Aracoeli" title="Piazza d'Aracoeli">Piazza d'Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Minerva" title="Piazza della Minerva">Piazza della Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Rome" title="Piazza della Repubblica, Rome">Piazza della Repubblica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Farnese" title="Piazza Farnese">Piazza Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Navona" title="Piazza Navona">Piazza Navona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">Piazza San Pietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Venezia" title="Piazza Venezia">Piazza Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Coronari" title="Via dei Coronari">Via dei Coronari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_del_Corso" title="Via del Corso">Via del Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Fori_Imperiali" title="Via dei Fori Imperiali">Via dei Fori Imperiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Sacra" title="Via Sacra">Via Sacra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Veneto" title="Via Veneto">Via Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Rome" title="List of parks and gardens in Rome">Parks, gardens</a><br />and zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioparco_di_Roma" title="Bioparco di Roma">Bioparco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Ada" title="Villa Ada">Villa Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Borghese_gardens" title="Villa Borghese gardens">Villa Borghese gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Doria_Pamphili" title="Villa Doria Pamphili">Villa Doria Pamphili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Medici" title="Villa Medici">Villa Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Torlonia_(Rome)" title="Villa Torlonia (Rome)">Villa Torlonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parco_degli_Acquedotti" title="Parco degli Acquedotti">Parco degli Acquedotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Rome" title="List of museums in Rome">Museums and<br />art galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boncompagni_Ludovisi_Decorative_Art_Museum" title="Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum">Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_di_Goethe" title="Casa di Goethe">Casa di Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Borghese" title="Galleria Borghese">Galleria Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Comunale_d%27Arte_Moderna,_Rome" title="Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Rome">Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Doria_Pamphilj" title="Galleria Doria Pamphilj">Galleria Doria Pamphilj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Antica" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Moderna" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico_House_Museum" title="Giorgio de Chirico House Museum">Giorgio de Chirico House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Spada" title="Galleria Spada">Galleria Spada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Rome" title="Jewish Museum of Rome">Jewish Museum of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keats%E2%80%93Shelley_Memorial_House" title="Keats–Shelley Memorial House">Keats–Shelley Memorial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXXI" title="MAXXI">MAXXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Ostiense" title="Museo Archeologico Ostiense">Museo Archeologico Ostiense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Barracco_di_Scultura_Antica" title="Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica">Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Civico_di_Zoologia" title="Museo Civico di Zoologia">Museo Civico di Zoologia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_anime_del_Purgatorio" title="Museo delle anime del Purgatorio">Museo delle anime del Purgatorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_Mura" title="Museo delle Mura">Museo delle Mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Roma" title="Museo di Roma">Museo di Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Roma_in_Trastevere" title="Museo di Roma in Trastevere">Museo di Roma in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_nazionale_del_Palazzo_di_Venezia" title="Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia">Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Etruscan_Museum" title="National Etruscan Museum">Museo Nazionale Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nazionale_Romano" title="Museo Nazionale Romano">Museo Nazionale Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Storico_Nazionale_dell%27Arte_Sanitaria" title="Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria">Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_of_Rome" title="Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome">Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Roman_Civilization" title="Museum of Roman Civilization">Museum of Roman Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Ara_Pacis" title="Museum of the Ara Pacis">Museum of the Ara Pacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Liberation_of_Rome" title="Museum of the Liberation of Rome">Museum of the Liberation of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Oriental_Art" title="National Museum of Oriental Art">National Museum of Oriental Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Colonna" title="Palazzo Colonna">Palazzo Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_delle_Esposizioni" title="Palazzo delle Esposizioni">Palazzo delle Esposizioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigorini_National_Museum_of_Prehistory_and_Ethnography" title="Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography">Pigorini National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Paolo_Railway_Museum" title="Porta San Paolo Railway Museum">Porta San Paolo Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_di_Santa_Cecilia_Musical_Instruments_Museum" title="Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum">Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venanzo_Crocetti_Museum" title="Venanzo Crocetti Museum">Venanzo Crocetti Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Belvedere" title="Apollo Belvedere">Apollo Belvedere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_of_Prima_Porta" title="Augustus of Prima Porta">Augustus of Prima Porta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_of_Constantine" title="Colossus of Constantine">Colossus of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocca_della_Verit%C3%A0" title="Bocca della Verità">La Bocca della Verità</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_His_Sons" title="Laocoön and His Sons">Laocoön and His Sons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovisi_Battle_sarcophagus" title="Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus">Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Ecstasy of Saint Teresa">Ecstasy of Saint Teresa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus" title="Portonaccio sarcophagus">Portonaccio sarcophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velletri_Sarcophagus" title="Velletri Sarcophagus">Velletri Sarcophagus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Seven_Hills" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Seven_hills_of_Rome" title="Seven hills of Rome">Seven Hills</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelian_Hill" title="Caelian Hill">Caelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Hill" title="Capitoline Hill">Capitoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Hill" title="Esquiline Hill">Esquiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Hill" title="Palatine Hill">Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Hill" title="Quirinal Hill">Quirinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminal_Hill" title="Viminal Hill">Viminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiber_Island" title="Tiber Island">Tiber Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Testaccio" title="Monte Testaccio">Monte Testaccio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital" title="Metropolitan City of Rome Capital">Metropolitan City<br />of Rome Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way_Regional_Park" title="Appian Way Regional Park">Appian Way Regional Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capo_di_Bove" title="Capo di Bove">Capo di Bove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castello_Orsini-Odescalchi" title="Castello Orsini-Odescalchi">Castello Orsini-Odescalchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frascati" title="Frascati">Frascati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Aldobrandini" title="Villa Aldobrandini">Villa Aldobrandini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnese" title="Villa Farnese">Villa Farnese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Rome" title="Culture of Rome">Events and traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Festa della Repubblica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Quadriennale" title="Rome Quadriennale">Rome Quadriennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Film_Festival" title="Rome Film Festival">Rome Film Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Enclave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/19px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/29px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/21px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/32px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/42px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/42px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>St. Peter's Basilica</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Sancti_Petri" class="extiw" title="c:Basilica Sancti Petri">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Basilica_of_St._Peter" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Basilica of St. Peter">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Rome/Vatican" class="extiw" title="voy:Rome/Vatican">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12512" class="extiw" title="d:Q12512">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12512#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12512#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12512#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000085215588">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123088347">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076822-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81013646">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35223155">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050506020&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX92233">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000200258&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/22747">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258241705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058528995606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20001062">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/672ef5c0-d7f9-4fb2-8fbb-7cba1def3382">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423053">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/871816">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/25598541X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&oldid=1260492091">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&oldid=1260492091</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Category:St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Vatican_City" title="Category:Churches in Vatican City">Churches in Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronation_church_buildings" title="Category:Coronation church buildings">Coronation church buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Church_buildings_with_domes" title="Category:Church buildings with domes">Church buildings with domes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terminating_vistas" title="Category:Terminating vistas">Terminating vistas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Renaissance_architecture_in_Rome" title="Category:Renaissance architecture in Rome">Renaissance architecture in Rome</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_architecture_in_Rome" title="Category:Baroque architecture in Rome">Baroque architecture in Rome</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Vatican_City" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Vatican City">Tourist attractions in Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_completed_in_1626" title="Category:Churches completed in 1626">Churches completed in 1626</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tombs_of_apostles" title="Category:Tombs of apostles">Tombs of apostles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burial_places_of_popes" title="Category:Burial places of popes">Burial places of popes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1626_establishments_in_the_Papal_States" title="Category:1626 establishments in the Papal States">1626 establishments in the Papal States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pope_Julius_II" title="Category:Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Donato_Bramante_church_buildings" title="Category:Donato Bramante church buildings">Donato Bramante church buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Michelangelo_church_buildings" title="Category:Michelangelo church buildings">Michelangelo church buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carlo_Maderno_buildings" title="Category:Carlo Maderno buildings">Carlo Maderno buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini_church_buildings" title="Category:Gian Lorenzo Bernini church buildings">Gian Lorenzo Bernini church buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Major_basilicas" title="Category:Major basilicas">Major basilicas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Roman_Catholic_church_buildings_in_Italy" title="Category:17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy">17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Oxford_spelling_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use Oxford spelling from March 2024">Use Oxford spelling from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Italian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Italian IPA">Pages with Italian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2017" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2017">Articles needing additional references from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_November_2010" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2010">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_numeric_Bible_version_references" title="Category:Pages with numeric Bible version references">Pages with numeric Bible version references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:Articles with Italian-language sources (it)">Articles with Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-bef:_%27before%27_parameter_includes_the_word_%27unknown%27" title="Category:S-bef: 'before' parameter includes the word 'unknown'">S-bef: 'before' parameter includes the word 'unknown'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 December 2024, at 01:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Peter%27s_Basilica&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-pklph","wgBackendResponseTime":2521,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_9bbc22e2862365448101482f3300bef874d5ee22":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q12512","properties":{"title":"St. Peter's Basilica","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q12512","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"St. Peter's Basilica"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[12.453333333333333,41.90222222222222],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"St. Peter's Basilica","marker-symbol":"religious-christian"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.848","walltime":"2.286","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15109,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":602294,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":56875,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":38,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":355679,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1718.919 1 -total"," 19.91% 342.225 3 Template:Infobox"," 17.71% 304.412 1 Template:Infobox_church"," 14.74% 253.399 2 Template:Reflist"," 8.16% 140.249 18 Template:Cite_web"," 6.03% 103.615 26 Template:Cite_book"," 5.65% 97.091 10 Template:NoteTag"," 5.49% 94.386 2 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 5.00% 85.977 2 Template:Native_name"," 4.83% 82.998 1 Template:Michelangelo"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.964","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22743846,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlghisiThebaldius1563\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBannister1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaumgarten1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBetts1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoorsch1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoorsch1982–1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_la_CroixTanseyKirkpatrick1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDecker1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDietz2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDzyubanskyy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinch1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFletcher1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFodor\u0026#039;s_Travel_Guides2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrommel1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardnerKleinerMamiya2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiuliani1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldscheider1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolzio1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartt2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbermann1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHijmans\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHintzen-BohlenSorges2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKilby\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKorn2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanciani1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLees-Milne1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaleczek1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClendon1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoreen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Partner1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPevsner1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPile2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinto1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasch1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScotti2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamson1929\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Basilicas in Rome\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleverse\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 7,\n [\"Carlo Maderno\"] = 1,\n [\"CathEncy\"] = 2,\n [\"Circa\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 18,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 62,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Saint Peters Basilica\"] = 1,\n [\"Donato Bramante\"] = 1,\n [\"End date\"] = 1,\n [\"Fact\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Francesco Borromini\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 17,\n [\"High Renaissance\"] = 1,\n [\"Holy See\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox church\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox designation list\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Main list\"] = 1,\n [\"Michelangelo\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 10,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Papal symbols and ceremonial\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-pc1\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Roman Curia footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Rome landmarks\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ach\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 2,\n [\"S-break\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-inc\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 3,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 2,\n [\"Use Oxford spelling\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vatican City topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-pklph","timestamp":"20241202065424","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"St. Peter's Basilica","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Peter%27s_Basilica","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12512","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12512","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-19T00:29:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f5\/Basilica_di_San_Pietro_in_Vaticano_September_2015-1a.jpg","headline":"church in Vatican City"}</script> </body> </html>