CINXE.COM

Radio Frequency Systems | ESS

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-8858311-13"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-8858311-13", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"page_path":location.pathname + location.search + location.hash});</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/hotjar/hotjar.script.js?sac9rm"></script> <link rel="image_src" href="/sites/default/files/images/hero/2023-09/G02%20NCG.JPG" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/ess/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/accelerator/radio-frequency-systems" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://europeanspallationsource.se/node/605" /> <title>Radio Frequency Systems | ESS</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_e9dgESbGtXgg71f19rQkwvZvXbP7YAP_3-IlRph0FCM.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdUG2OAyEIvZCOR2pQWYcsihFsO7dfa3fTZP-Q9xV4oYgUxhs04MsoaSj_BKeXGtYQQdGhaviSZofKHAm9QlPfh2yDkjQ9XraHB6rUd76wROANDSKjOnwaU_sOecwOfPxSdyd8aNjzqJIno-swoAzop_6FP8oxW5-RSU_MezukJCPTKuGwGdl1wxoxhwTdlrozaapJ9VShvIosRSljhLFxxJNa9gtuWoGar9jmm0kkxg9XWm-BvjFjgXT59QBbp38A79ODPA" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,600,700" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_C3zpLvcRllkiWVgt6sALaIoUalXZkrQqBJKpi8e2354.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdUG2OAyEIvZCOR2pQWYcsihFsO7dfa3fTZP-Q9xV4oYgUxhs04MsoaSj_BKeXGtYQQdGhaviSZofKHAm9QlPfh2yDkjQ9XraHB6rUd76wROANDSKjOnwaU_sOecwOfPxSdyd8aNjzqJIno-swoAzop_6FP8oxW5-RSU_MezukJCPTKuGwGdl1wxoxhwTdlrozaapJ9VShvIosRSljhLFxxJNa9gtuWoGar9jmm0kkxg9XWm-BvjFjgXT59QBbp38A79ODPA" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yRQGPdI76XMtYWgmfeK7lLNtvU7etZO7qXGLqVvnyW0.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdUG2OAyEIvZCOR2pQWYcsihFsO7dfa3fTZP-Q9xV4oYgUxhs04MsoaSj_BKeXGtYQQdGhaviSZofKHAm9QlPfh2yDkjQ9XraHB6rUd76wROANDSKjOnwaU_sOecwOfPxSdyd8aNjzqJIno-swoAzop_6FP8oxW5-RSU_MezukJCPTKuGwGdl1wxoxhwTdlrozaapJ9VShvIosRSljhLFxxJNa9gtuWoGar9jmm0kkxg9XWm-BvjFjgXT59QBbp38A79ODPA" /> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <section id="block-sitemap" class="search-sitemap"> <div class="search-sitemap__inner"> <div class="search-sitemap__content"> <div class="views-exposed-form" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-search-page" id="block-search-form"> <form action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-search-page" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form"> <div class="form-item form-item-s js-form-item js-form-item-s js-form-type-textfield form-group"> <label for="edit-s" class="form-group__label">Search for</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-s" type="text" id="edit-s" name="s" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text input" placeholder="Search..." /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit button--primary" /> </div> </form> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-site-map-navigation-menu" id="block-site-map-navigation"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-site-map-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="sitemap__1-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-mandate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/335">The ESS Mandate</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The ESS Mandate sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-mandate/ess-story" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">The ESS Story</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/336">ESS Organisation</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle ESS Organisation sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/ess-organisation/governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Governance</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Governance sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/councilmeetings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248057">Council Meetings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ess-organisation/committees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/338">Committees</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/news-press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">News &amp; Press</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle News &amp; Press sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/media-bank" data-drupal-link-system-path="media-bank">Media Bank</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/redirects/articles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/579">Web Articles</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/75864">Publications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/legal-ip" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/503">Legal</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Legal sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/privacy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact ESS</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-instruments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science &amp; Instruments</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38">Science Using Neutrons</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science Using Neutrons sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic &amp; Electronic Phenomena</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology &amp; Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science &amp; Soft Condensed Matter</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300">Particle Physics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/futurescience" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248051">Future Science: What will we see at聽ESS?</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Future Science: What will we see at聽ESS? sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__4-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/engineering-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244096">Safer, lighter and stronger engineering materials</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/3D-printing-space-exploration" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244102">Fine-tuning 3D printing for space exploration</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/fight-against-air-pollution" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245580">New tools in the fight against air pollution and global warming</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/exploring-powerhouse-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244103">Exploring the powerhouse of life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/better-superconductors-improve-cancer-diagnosis" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244109">Better superconductors to improve cancer diagnosis</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/most-effective-cancer-drugs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245578">Bringing the most effective cancer drugs to market sooner</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/lighting-way-next-generation-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244115">Lighting the way to next generation solar energy</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/new-battery-materials" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245269">New battery materials for a renewable energy future</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/promise-of-big-data" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245306">Delivering on the Promise of Big Data</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/disorder-essential-to-life" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/245263">Putting a finger on the disorder essential to life</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/publications/future-science/unlocking-secrets-of-water" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/244118">Unlocking the secrets of water</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/instruments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/35">Instruments</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/beer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/560">BEER</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/bifrost" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/553">BIFROST</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/cspec" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/571">CSPEC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/dream" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/561">DREAM</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/estia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/393">ESTIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/freia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/392">FREIA</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/heimdal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/576">HEIMDAL</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/loki" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/577">LOKI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/magic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/636">MAGIC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/miracles" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/637">MIRACLES</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/nmx" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/598">NMX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/odin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/599">ODIN</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/skadi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/638">SKADI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/t-rex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/639">T-REX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/instruments/vespa" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/640">VESPA</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/data-management-software-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/501">Data Management &amp; Software Centre</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Data Management &amp; Software Centre sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/data-management-software/computing-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/502">Computing Centre</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/labs-and-sample-environment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/507">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Labs and Sample Environment sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/premp" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/534">PREMP</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/fluco" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/535">FLUCO</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/tefi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/536">TEFI</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/demax" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/537">DEMAX</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/sulf" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/538">SULF</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/mesi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/539">MESI</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/node/248070" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248070">Committees</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/science-support-systems/forusers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/540">For Users</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ESSscientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248090">ESS Scientists</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/ScienceEvents" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248100">Science Events</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/sciencehighlights" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248135">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/technology" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/accelerator" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/588">Accelerator</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Accelerator sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/597">How It Works</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/linac" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/606">LINAC</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/beam-physics-operation-beam-diagnostics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Beam Physics &amp; Beam Diagnostics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/cryogenics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">Cryogenics</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/vacuum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247984">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/radio-frequency-systems" class="is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/605">Radio Frequency Systems</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/accelerator/acceleratorteststands" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247985">Accelerator Test Stands</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/target" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/587">Target</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Target sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/target/how-it-works" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/632">How the Target works</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/controls" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/590">Controls</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/building-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">The Building Project</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle The Building Project sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/site-architecture-energy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/366">Site, Architecture &amp; Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/licensing-planning" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/367">Licensing &amp; Planning</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/building-project/radiation-protection-safety" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/368">Radiation Protection &amp; Safety</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/site-weekly-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="site-weekly-updates/2023">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/aerial" data-drupal-link-system-path="aerial">Aerial Views</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/in-kind-contributions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/374">In-Kind Contributions</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/doing-business-ess" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/347">Doing business with ESS</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Doing business with ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/supplierinformation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/248056">Supplier Information</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/listings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/390">Procurement Listings</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/procurement/contract-award-notices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/391">Contract Award Notices</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/grants" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/397">Grants</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <ul class="sitemap__2-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/vacancies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Vacancies</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <div class="sitemap__item-nested"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332">Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia</a> <button class="sitemap__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <ul class="sitemap__3-lvl"> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/sweden" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333">In Sweden</a> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/living-working-scandinavia/denmark" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334">In Denmark</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sitemap__item"> <a href="/careers/family-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/302">ESS Family Support</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="site-container"> <header role="banner" class="site-header"> <div class="site-header__behind" data-behind-ess> <nav class="site-header__behind-list"> <a href="https://mail.esss.lu.se/owa/auth/logon.aspx?replaceCurrent=1&url=https%3a%2f%2fmail.esss.lu.se%2fowa%2f" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--email"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">Webmail</div> </a> <a href="https://confluence.esss.lu.se/login.action" class="site-header__behind-link"> <i class="icon icon--inside"></i> <div class="site-header__behind-title">ESS Inside</div> </a> </nav> </div> <div id="block-mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu"> <nav id="block-main-navigation-mobile" class="mobile-nav"> <ul class="mobile-nav__items"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/about" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle About ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="About ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate">The ESS Mandate</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation">ESS Organisation</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/news-press">News &amp; Press</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/publications">Publications</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip">Legal</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/contact">Contact ESS</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/science-instruments" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science &amp; Instruments</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Science &amp; Instruments sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Science &amp; Instruments sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons">Science Using Neutrons</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/instruments">Instruments</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre">Data Management &amp; Software Centre</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment">Labs and Sample Environment</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070">Committees</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers">For Users</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists">ESS Scientists</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents">Science Events</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights">Highlights of Published Papers</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item mobile-nav__item--current mobile-nav__item--active"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/technology" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Technology sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Technology sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator">Accelerator</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/target">Target</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/controls">Controls</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/building-ess" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Building ESS sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Building ESS sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/building-project">The Building Project</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates">Progress reports from the ESS site</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/aerial">Aerial Views</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/partnerships" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Partnerships sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Partnerships sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions">In-Kind Contributions</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess">Doing business with ESS</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/grants">Grants</a> </nav> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <div class="mobile-nav__item-content"> <a href="/careers" class="mobile-nav__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <button class="mobile-nav__item-toggler" aria-label="Toggle Careers sub-menu"> <i class="icon icon--add"></i> <i class="icon icon--close-bold"></i> </button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav__dropdown" aria-label="Careers sub-menu"> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies">Vacancies</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia">Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia</a> <a class="mobile-nav__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support">ESS Family Support</a> </nav> </li></ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-top" class="site-header__top"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondary-navigation-menu" id="block-secondary-navigation" class="site-header__top-nav"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondary-navigation-menu">Secondary navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://publications.ess.eu/" title="ESS Publications Portal" class="navigation__link">Publications Portal</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/contact" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346">Contact</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/news-press" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">Press</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a class="navigation__link" target="_blank" data-behind-ess-toggler> <i class="icon icon--arrow-down-small"></i>Behind ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-header-main" class="site-header__main"> <div class="site-header__main__inner"> <div id="block-site-branding" class="site-header__logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/themes/custom/ess/logo.svg" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> <nav class="site-header__main-menu" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-main-navigation-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-main-navigation-menu">Main navigation</h2> <ul class="navigation navigation--main-menu"> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/about" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2">About ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-mandate"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/long%20pulse%20performance_550_0.png?h=633228d6&amp;itok=X8zqIpM_" width="90" height="90" alt="ess long pulse slide" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The ESS Mandate</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ess-organisation"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-09/organisation.jpg?itok=7wkglOG2" width="90" height="90" alt="organisation" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Organisation</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/news-press"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/_MG_3333.jpg?h=e3678651&amp;itok=whQzNdZU" width="90" height="90" alt="News and Press" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">News &amp; Press</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/publications"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2018-07/waterDreamPromo_300ppi.jpg?h=9003c45f&amp;itok=4h5uSAbr" width="90" height="90" alt="alt" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Publications</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/legal-ip"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2017-12/legalDoc_220.png?itok=hmVl8eiY" width="90" height="64" alt="legal and ip" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Legal</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/contact"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/ESS_Logo_Frugal_White-on-blue_cmyk_External%20Use.jpg?h=a53c1963&amp;itok=Aw6xfKL4" width="90" height="90" alt="contact ess " loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Contact ESS</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/science-instruments" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">Science &amp; Instruments</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-using-neutrons"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-08/MakowskaJParc_1200.jpg?h=293adc18&amp;itok=5hB199v8" width="90" height="90" alt="Science using neutrons" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Using Neutrons</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/instruments"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-07/instruments_blue_1200.png?h=b2a212ad&amp;itok=JzaQVGuf" width="90" height="90" alt="instruments" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Instruments</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/data-management-software-centre"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/dmsc%20chevron%20banner_1400.png?h=66b05cb6&amp;itok=L_wKTjh7" width="90" height="90" alt="dmsc" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Data Management &amp; Software Centre</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/labs-and-sample-environment"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/Magnet_4.jpg?h=00e18867&amp;itok=zKHA4a7j" width="90" height="90" alt="sss magnet" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Labs and Sample Environment</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/node/248070"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-12/IKON17_formation%20sign_Full%20external%20view%20-%20May%20be%20used%20freely%20in%20alla%20available%20channels.%20.jpg?itok=Ncd8qJ-n" width="90" height="60" alt="Inauguration" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Committees</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/science-support-systems/forusers"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2023-12/E04%20lab%20people%20Katrin.JPG?itok=QAtE_ZzV" width="90" height="53" alt="Lab Kat" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">For Users</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ESSscientists"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2021-09/3792558.jpg?itok=8Strvvz3" width="90" height="60" alt="Scientist at work" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Scientists</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/ScienceEvents"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-02/diffraction.png?itok=yLNb-GsF" width="90" height="49" alt="diffraction" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Science Events</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/sciencehighlights"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2024-10/Science%20papers%20%282%29.jpeg?itok=zZguiNS8" width="90" height="44" alt="Science papers image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Highlights of Published Papers</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/technology" class="navigation__link navigation__link--current" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7">Technology</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/accelerator"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/acc_banner_1000.png?h=cb801f2f&amp;itok=EC37vyla" width="90" height="90" alt="ess accelerator" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Accelerator</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/target"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/target6_Internal%20Use_External%20View.png?h=ff15ea50&amp;itok=XO28MPl3" width="90" height="90" alt="target monolith" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Target</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/controls"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2018-09/Screen%20Shot%202018-09-13%20at%2017.05.48.png?h=a10cddb0&amp;itok=X1_iSQnJ" width="90" height="90" alt="ess ics" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Controls</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/building-ess" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10">Building ESS</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/building-project"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/A02-40_level100_drawing_1200.png?h=53a98cd7&amp;itok=F9Us25Lr" width="90" height="90" alt="Building project" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">The Building Project</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/site-weekly-updates"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/2018-07/P1140318_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.jpg?h=c7bfd0d4&amp;itok=9lwg-gR4" width="90" height="90" alt="weekly construction updates" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Progress reports from the ESS site</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/aerial"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/18012016-193-1_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=0273d20e&amp;itok=2p1nefxU" width="90" height="90" alt="ess aerial snow" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Aerial Views</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/partnerships" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9">Partnerships</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/in-kind-contributions"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/tartu2.png?h=9195438e&amp;itok=L3Hm0xYi" width="90" height="90" alt="tartu pump probe" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">In-Kind Contributions</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/doing-business-ess"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/P1090741_Internal%20Use%20Only.jpg?h=4e9d5992&amp;itok=PgyVtvfk" width="90" height="90" alt="procurement" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Doing business with ESS</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/grants"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/20131004_Partner%20and%20Industry%20Day%209.jpg?h=d142f1ab&amp;itok=OjUzVEZE" width="90" height="90" alt="partner day" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Grants</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="navigation__item"><a href="/careers" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Careers</a> <div class="navigation__dropdown"> <div class="navigation__dropdown__inner"> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/vacancies"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/hero/2017-09/staffMontage_1919.jpg?h=ef1077af&amp;itok=wBEDJhQO" width="90" height="90" alt="careers" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Vacancies</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/living-working-scandinavia"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/bridge_blue_2000.jpg?h=0d105c19&amp;itok=auzcJxmP" width="90" height="90" alt="scandinavia" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">Living &amp; Working in Scandinavia</div> </div> </a> <a class="navigation__dropdown-item" href="/careers/family-support"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-image"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/menu_thumbnail/public/images/media/2017-09/15062017-276-48-RE_Internal%20Use_External%20View.jpg?h=001871cd&amp;itok=Ry_F7Xe2" width="90" height="90" alt="family" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="navigation__dropdown-content"> <div class="navigation__dropdown-title">ESS Family Support</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <button class="button-icon" mobile-menu-toggler> <i class="icon icon--burger" mobile-menu-open-icon></i> <i class="icon icon--close" style="display: none;" mobile-menu-close-icon></i> </button> <div class="site-header__search"> <button class="sitemap-toggler"><i class="icon icon--search"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="site-messages"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="site-content" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-content"> <div class="page"> <div class="page__main page__main--with-sidebar" data-sidebar-container> <div class="page__content" data-sidebar-pusher> <div class="page__content-inner"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/">Home</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/technology">Technology</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/accelerator">Accelerator</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--current breadcrumb__item--disabled">Radio Frequency Systems</a> </nav> <h1 class="content-page-title">Radio Frequency Systems</h1> <div class="page__hero"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/page_image/public/images/hero/2023-09/G02%20NCG.JPG?itok=WDE2s6ky 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1561" height="793"/> <img class="image" loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/page_image/public/images/hero/2023-09/G02%20NCG.JPG?itok=WDE2s6ky" width="1561" height="793" alt="" /> </picture> </div> <div class="content-page-sections"> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> <section class="section section--text"> <p class="lead">The RF system for the ESS linac is defined as the system that converts AC line power to RF power at either 352 or 704 MHz to be supplied to the RF accelerating cavity couplers.</p> <p>The AC conventional power lines on one side and the waveguide power couplers on the accelerating cavities on the other side bound the RF system.聽To deliver an average beam power of 5 MW with a 4% duty factor (2.86 mSec pulse at a rate of 14Hz), the linac RF systems must supply over 123 MW of peak power.</p> <p>The main components of the RF system are:</p> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="644af8c8-16e3-4937-a57a-9aa762a95903" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block_content embedded-block_content-accordion embedded-block_content-accordion--full"><div class="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">Modulator</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>Modulator converts conventional AC power into pulse power.</p></div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">RF Power Amplifier</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>RF power amplifier takes pulse power from the modulator and converts the power into RF waves at 352 or 704 MHz.聽 Klystrons are typically RF power amplilfiers and ESS require ~180 klystrons with 1 MW peak power per klystron (40kW average).</p></div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">RF Distribution</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>RF distribution transports the RF from power amplifier to cavity coupler, which are typically waveguides with other components (circulators, directional couplers, etc.)</p></div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <div class="accordion__title">Low Level RF Control</div> <div class="accordion__content"><p>LLRF takes the cavity field signal from probe, controls it in digital domain with feedback and feedforward,聽 and generates an input signal to the amplifier that drives the cavity to a field with a phase and amplitude that are within 0.5% and 0.5 degree of a set value, unique for each cavity.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Because of the large power density, 98% of the linac consists of superconducting radio frequency (RF) resonators that are used to transfer power to the beam. Superconducting resonators by nature exhibit 100% beam loading which brings interesting challenges to the RF system. However, the ESS design is much different than other superconducting LINACS.</p> <p>The ESS linac uses protons instead of H- ions, does not inject into a ring, and is heavily coupled due to high beam current and has a large system bandwidth. These three factors might indicate that the tolerances on RF control do not have to be as stringent as a low beam current linac injecting into a ring. However, because of the high gradients required in the ESS linac, the Lorentz detuning in the superconducting cavities can span over 40 degrees of RF phase.</p> <p>In addition, unlike short pulse LINACS, the beam pulse length is much longer than the mechanical response time of the cavity due to Lorentz detuning. It will be assumed that the superconducting cavities are equipped with fast piezo-electric tuners to compensate the Lorentz-detuning.</p> <div data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.custom" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="bb9611ac-1d9c-409d-a08f-d1e1fd2f8ff5" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--custom"> <div class="media media-image media-image--custom"> <div class="media__content"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/custom/public/images/media/2017-09/rf_system2_1.png?itok=vxRmJVYE" width="620" height="303" alt="radio frequency system ess" loading="lazy" /></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>The RF systems feed the power from the Gallery Building at ground level, down through the Accelerator tunnel stubs, and to the accelerating cavities in the tunnel.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <section class="layout-section layout-section--primary layout-section--one-columns"> <div class="layout-section__row"> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__sidebar" data-sidebar><div class="sidebar-menu"> <div class="sidebar-menu__parent"> <a href="/accelerator" class="sidebar-menu__parent-link"> <i class="sidebar-menu__parent-icon icon icon--caret-left"></i> <span class="sidebar-menu__parent-text">Accelerator</span> </a> </div> <ul class="sidebar-menu__items"> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/how-it-works" class="sidebar-menu__item-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/597">How It Works</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/linac" class="sidebar-menu__item-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/606">LINAC</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/beam-physics-operation-beam-diagnostics" class="sidebar-menu__item-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/603">Beam Physics &amp; Beam Diagnostics</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/cryogenics" class="sidebar-menu__item-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/604">Cryogenics</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/vacuum" class="sidebar-menu__item-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247984">Vacuum</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/radio-frequency-systems" class="sidebar-menu__item-link sidebar-menu__item-link--current is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/605">Radio Frequency Systems</a> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu__item"> <a href="/accelerator/acceleratorteststands" class="sidebar-menu__item-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/247985">Accelerator Test Stands</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__footer"><div class="views-element-container entity-row related-articles site-section"> <div class="row"> <h2 class="related-articles__title">Related Articles</h2> </div> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-57c5b8351cc36e79abfffe7f02b89d8567f10cb6582e4b6efa9e7ee89b321766"> <div class="row"> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/Magnet%20groupie.jpeg?itok=_dAxEFBj 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/Magnet%20groupie.jpeg?itok=_dAxEFBj" width="640" height="460" alt="Magnet group A2T" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" rel="bookmark"> Accelerator Magnets Ready for Beam </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-20">Nov 20, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/20/accelerator-magnets-ready-beam" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/DSC_8559.jpeg?itok=iH_KsrXW 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/DSC_8559.jpeg?itok=iH_KsrXW" width="640" height="460" alt="Detector Lab Utg氓rd" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" rel="bookmark"> Cutting-Edge Detector Technology at ESS Detector Lab </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-12">Nov 12, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/12/cutting-edge-detector-technology-ess-detector-lab" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/WCC%20completion.png?itok=Telx0ZEU 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-11/WCC%20completion.png?itok=Telx0ZEU" width="640" height="460" alt="WCC team" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" rel="bookmark"> Warm Coupler Conditioning Completed - ESS Accelerator Prepares for Cold Operation </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-11-04">Nov 04, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/11/04/warm-coupler-conditioning-completed-ess-accelerator-prepares-cold-operation" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/10/29/ess-linac-under-vacuum" rel="bookmark"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-10/Vacuum%20team%20A2T.jpeg?itok=PXf6jBeu 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="460"/> <img class="image" loading="eager" class="image image--rounded-top" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_small/public/images/media/2024-10/Vacuum%20team%20A2T.jpeg?itok=PXf6jBeu" width="640" height="460" alt="ESS vacuum team" /> </picture> </a> <div class="card__block card__block--slightly-padded"> <h4 class="card__title"> <a href="/article/2024/10/29/ess-linac-under-vacuum" rel="bookmark"> ESS Linac Under Vacuum </a> </h4> <time class="date date--primary" datetime="2024-10-29">Oct 29, 2024</time><a href="/article/2024/10/29/ess-linac-under-vacuum" class="button-link button-link--primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/articles" class="button-link button-link--primary">See all articles<i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-section"> <div class="block_content block_content--type-no_dead_end block_content--view-mode-full"> <div class="no-dead-ends"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4"> </div> <div class="col-lg-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> <div class="col-lg-6"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo" class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__section"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <object class="site-footer__logo-graphic" data="https://europeanspallationsource.se/themes/custom/ess/graphics/logo-small.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object> </div> <div class="site-footer__copyright"> <span>&copy; ESS. All rights reserved</span> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__section"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu-menu" id="block-footer-menu" class="site-footer__menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footer-menu-menu">Footer menu</h2> <ul class="navigation"> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/user/login" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="user/login">Login</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="/privacy" title="ESS Privacy and Cookies Policies" class="navigation__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6622">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="navigation__item"> <a href="https://sress.ess.eu/" title="SRE ESS" class="navigation__link">SRE ESS</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="site-footer__social-media" role="list" > <a href="http://www.twitter.com/essneutron" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Twitter" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--twitter"></i></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/europeanspallationsource" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on Facebook" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--facebook"></i></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/326252" target="_blank" role="listitem" aria-label="Follow ESS on LinkedIn" class="button-icon"><i class="icon icon--linkedin"></i></a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/605","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"entity_embed\/caption,ess\/accordions,ess\/behind-ess,ess\/custom-images,ess\/font.source-sans-pro,ess\/global,ess\/icons.font-awesome,ess\/legacy-content,ess\/main-menu,ess\/mobile-menu,ess\/sidebar,ess\/sitemap,ess\/tables,extlink\/drupal.extlink,google_analytics\/google_analytics,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,system\/base,views\/views.module","theme":"ess","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search":true},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-8858311-13","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackUrlFragments":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"127.0.0.1:8000","extInclude":"sites\/default\/files\/","extCssExclude":".site-footer__social-media,\r\n.twitter-block,\r\n.site-header\r\n","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":null}},"panels_ipe":{"user_permission":null},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"f4b00ee70f94a9cc458caba3970910ce9ead53226f53385045fb7c2b72e3cc73"}}</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_e_pwGRoYK4B3kZeXU-dC_FAqotboucQQw7046dqrXrQ.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdUG2OAyEIvZCOR2pQWYcsihFsO7dfa3fTZP-Q9xV4oYgUxhs04MsoaSj_BKeXGtYQQdGhaviSZofKHAm9QlPfh2yDkjQ9XraHB6rUd76wROANDSKjOnwaU_sOecwOfPxSdyd8aNjzqJIno-swoAzop_6FP8oxW5-RSU_MezukJCPTKuGwGdl1wxoxhwTdlrozaapJ9VShvIosRSljhLFxxJNa9gtuWoGar9jmm0kkxg9XWm-BvjFjgXT59QBbp38A79ODPA"></script> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/e87ab3b287.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_qjuPBXgh40XiTtQmTsGhWN6EgpMa6MQjcrEElNKpEcE.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=ess&amp;include=eJxdUG2OAyEIvZCOR2pQWYcsihFsO7dfa3fTZP-Q9xV4oYgUxhs04MsoaSj_BKeXGtYQQdGhaviSZofKHAm9QlPfh2yDkjQ9XraHB6rUd76wROANDSKjOnwaU_sOecwOfPxSdyd8aNjzqJIno-swoAzop_6FP8oxW5-RSU_MezukJCPTKuGwGdl1wxoxhwTdlrozaapJ9VShvIosRSljhLFxxJNa9gtuWoGar9jmm0kkxg9XWm-BvjFjgXT59QBbp38A79ODPA"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10