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James R. Osgood - Wikipedia
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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James R. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James R. Osgood</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Ripley_Osgood_(1836%E2%80%931892).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/James_Ripley_Osgood_%281836%E2%80%931892%29.png/220px-James_Ripley_Osgood_%281836%E2%80%931892%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/James_Ripley_Osgood_%281836%E2%80%931892%29.png/330px-James_Ripley_Osgood_%281836%E2%80%931892%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/James_Ripley_Osgood_%281836%E2%80%931892%29.png/440px-James_Ripley_Osgood_%281836%E2%80%931892%29.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Ripley Osgood</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1836-02-22</span>)</span>February 22, 1836<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Fryeburg,_Maine" title="Fryeburg, Maine">Fryeburg</a>, Maine, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 18, 1892<span style="display:none">(1892-05-18)</span> (aged 56)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Publisher</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Ripley Osgood</b> (1836–1892) was an American publisher in Boston. He was involved with the publishing company that became <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_R._Osgood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Ripley Osgood was born in <a href="/wiki/Fryeburg,_Maine" title="Fryeburg, Maine">Fryeburg, Maine</a>, on February 22, 1836. A reputed child prodigy, he knew <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> at the age of three and entered college at 12 years of age. He studied at <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, graduating <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> in 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there, he was a member of the Peucinian Society among others.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He entered the publishing trade as a clerk in the Boston firm <a href="/wiki/Ticknor_and_Fields" title="Ticknor and Fields">Ticknor and Fields</a> and, by 1864, became a partner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was reorganized in 1868 as Fields, Osgood, and Company. In 1869, the firm published abolitionist writer <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher-Stowe</a>'s comedy-drama novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Oldtown_Folks" title="Oldtown Folks">Oldtown Folks</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The firm inherited <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a></i>, as did James R. Osgood and Company, the firm created by Osgood and two remaining partners after Fields retired on New Year's Day 1871. In an 1877 advertisement, James R. Osgood and Company are listed as the publishers of the weekly <i>The American Architect and Building News</i>, with the location listed as <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Square_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Winthrop Square (Boston)">Winthrop Square</a> (220 Devonshire Street).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MyStudyWindow.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MyStudyWindow.JPG/220px-MyStudyWindow.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MyStudyWindow.JPG/330px-MyStudyWindow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MyStudyWindow.JPG/440px-MyStudyWindow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Title page of an 1871 book showing the James R. Osgood & Co. logo and imprint (second line: "late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co.")</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png/200px-1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png/300px-1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png/400px-1876_Osgood_Heliotype_BostonAlmanac.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement, Boston Almanac, 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>Successful book publications by Osgood & Co. included <a href="/wiki/Bret_Harte" title="Bret Harte">Bret Harte</a>'s <i>The Luck of Roaring Camp and Other Stories</i>, followed by a volume of Harte's poems and another of "condensed novels". Osgood advanced Bret Harte $10,000 for future work, but Harte never wrote another story. In 1875, Osgood published <a href="/wiki/Blanche_Willis_Howard" title="Blanche Willis Howard">Blanche Willis Howard</a>'s <i>One Summer</i>, which became a best-selling novel. </p><p>In 1872 and 1877, Osgood & Co. brought out <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a>'s three-volume account of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Slave_Power_in_America" title="History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America"><i>The History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America</i></a>. Also in 1877 the firm sold the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Review" title="North American Review">North American Review</a> and published an edition of <a href="/wiki/Edward_FitzGerald_(poet)" title="Edward FitzGerald (poet)">Edward FitzGerald's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam" title="Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam">Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam</a></i>. </p><p>In 1878 the firm dissolved, and Osgood joined forces with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Oscar_Houghton" title="Henry Oscar Houghton">Henry Oscar Houghton</a> to form the short-lived Houghton, Osgood & Company. The firm's most successful book was <a href="/wiki/William_Dean_Howells" title="William Dean Howells">William Dean Howells</a>' <i>The Lady of the Aroostook</i>. In 1880 this firm became the New York branch of <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton, Mifflin and Company</a>. Osgood remained in Boston, where he founded a second publisher named James R. Osgood and Company. </p><p>The second Osgood company published an edition of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Leaves_of_Grass" title="Leaves of Grass">Leaves of Grass</a></i> in 1881 that was attacked by the Boston district attorney <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stevens" title="Oliver Stevens">Oliver Stevens</a> as "obscene literature".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osgood gave in to criticism and refused to bring out another edition, forcing Whitman to find another publisher. </p><p>By this time Osgood had befriended Samuel L. Clemens, whose pen name was "<a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>". In 1882 the company published Twain's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Pauper" title="The Prince and the Pauper">The Prince and the Pauper</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stolen_White_Elephant" title="The Stolen White Elephant">The Stolen White Elephant</a></i>. That same year, Osgood accompanied Clemens on a riverboat trip collecting material for <i><a href="/wiki/Life_on_the_Mississippi" title="Life on the Mississippi">Life on the Mississippi</a></i>, which was published by Osgood in 1883. </p><p>Osgood's firm was reportedly one of the most successful in Boston. However, in 1885 the company went bankrupt. Osgood's young partners, Thomas and Benjamin Ticknor, found a third partner and started a new firm. Osgood went to work for <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>. In 1891 Osgood went into business again, with the magazine's permission, in partnership in London with Clarence McIlvaine as James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Company. The firm had its greatest success with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tess_of_the_D%27Urbervilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tess of the D'Urbervilles">Tess of the D'Urbervilles</a></i>; Osgood saw its initial three volume publication in 1891, but died in London<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May 18, 1892,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before its publication as a single volume later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a>, Kensington, England.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_R._Osgood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fictionalized Osgood played a key role in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Pearl" title="Matthew Pearl">Matthew Pearl</a>'s 2009 historical thriller <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Dickens" title="The Last Dickens">The Last Dickens</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_R._Osgood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalcatalogue00bowduoft/page/147/mode/1up"><i>General Catalogue of Bowdoin College, 1794–1916</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College">Bowdoin College</a>. 1912. p. 147<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2023</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Catalogue+of+Bowdoin+College%2C+1794%E2%80%931916&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Bowdoin+College&rft.date=1912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralcatalogue00bowduoft%2Fpage%2F147%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl J. Weber, <i>The Rise and Fall of James Ripley Osgood</i>, Waterville, Maine: Colby College Press, 1959.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStowe1869" class="citation book cs1">Stowe, Harriet Beecher (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldtownfolksharr00stowrich/page/n10/mode/1up"><i>Oldtown Folks</i></a>. Boston: Fields, Osgood, & Co. Publishers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2023</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oldtown+Folks&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Fields%2C+Osgood%2C+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Stowe&rft.aufirst=Harriet+Beecher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldtownfolksharr00stowrich%2Fpage%2Fn10%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The American Architect and Building News</i>, Volume 2 (1877)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loving, Jerome. <i>Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself</i>. University of California Press, 1999, p. 414. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22687-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22687-9">0-520-22687-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-tribune-obituary-james-r-osgo/130812277/">"Obituary: James R. Osgood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New-York_Tribune" title="New-York Tribune">New-York Tribune</a></i>. May 20, 1892. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New-York+Tribune&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+James+R.+Osgood&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1892-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fnew-york-tribune-obituary-james-r-osgo%2F130812277%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHardy1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hardy, Thomas (1978). "To Madeleine Stanley". In Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crkn.nlx.com/xtf/view?docId=hardy_c/hardy_c.01.xml;chunk.id=div.hardy.v1.820;toc.depth=1;toc.id=div.hardy.v1.813;brand=default"><i>The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Electronic Edition)</span>. Vol. 1: 1840-92. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">269–</span>270.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=To+Madeleine+Stanley&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Letters+of+Thomas+Hardy.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E269-%3C%2Fspan%3E270&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrkn.nlx.com%2Fxtf%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhardy_c%2Fhardy_c.01.xml%3Bchunk.id%3Ddiv.hardy.v1.820%3Btoc.depth%3D1%3Btoc.id%3Ddiv.hardy.v1.813%3Bbrand%3Ddefault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHardy1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hardy, Thomas (1978). "To John Lane". In Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crkn.nlx.com/xtf/view?docId=hardy_c/hardy_c.01.xml;chunk.id=div.hardy.v1.859;toc.depth=1;toc.id=div.hardy.v1.855;brand=default"><i>The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Electronic Edition)</span>. Vol. 1: 1840-92. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 285.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=To+John+Lane&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Letters+of+Thomas+Hardy.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrkn.nlx.com%2Fxtf%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhardy_c%2Fhardy_c.01.xml%3Bchunk.id%3Ddiv.hardy.v1.859%3Btoc.depth%3D1%3Btoc.id%3Ddiv.hardy.v1.855%3Bbrand%3Ddefault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Sunday Herald</i> (Boston), 22 May 1892, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-the-funeral-of-james-r/130812115/">"The funeral of James R. Osgood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. May 22, 1892. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2023</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=The+funeral+of+James+R.+Osgood&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1892-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fchicago-tribune-the-funeral-of-james-r%2F130812115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Radhika. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/31/books/review/Jones-t.html">"An Old Curiosity"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 29, 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_R._Osgood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_R._Osgood" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James R. Osgood">James R. Osgood</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Hyde Park Book Store, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030821021718/http://paperbarn.www1.50megs.com/publishers/o.html#1870---JAMES%20R.%20OSGOOD%20&">1870 – James R. Osgood & Co.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/lucile/publishers/fields/fields.htm">"Fields, Osgood & Co."</a> at The <i>Lucile</i> Project, University of Iowa libraries – and, in turn, two "James R. Osgood & Co."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028140206/http://geocities.com/swaisman/pubs.htm">"Twain's Publishers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geocities.com/swaisman/pubs.htm">the original</a> on October 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twain%27s+Publishers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeocities.com%2Fswaisman%2Fpubs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+R.+Osgood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n87836808">James R. Osgood</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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